1
|
Xu S, Pang Y, Cai X, Chen Q, Jin G, Zhang M, Huang L. Comparative study of three cultivars of jaboticaba berry: nutrient, antioxidant and volatile compounds. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1105373. [PMID: 37492773 PMCID: PMC10363728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Jaboticaba is a tropical plant and its fruit rich in nutrients, volatile compounds, and biological activities, which considered to be an edible health benefits plant. Despite its popularity for fresh consumption, jaboticaba is rarely used in intensive processing in China. The content of nutrients and antioxidant in jaboticaba greatly impacts how it is processed healthy food. In this study, we evaluated the nutrients, antioxidant capacity, and volatile compounds of three jaboticaba cultivars including Sabara, Argentina, and Fukuoka, respectively. Our results revealed each variety has its merits. Sabara had an abundance of volatile compounds, a suitable acid-sugar ratio, and a slightly lower antioxidant capacity, making it suitable for fresh consumption. Argentina is the richest in volatile compounds in ripe fruit, but slightly lighter in taste and acid-sugar ratio, making it suitable for dry products. The large size, juicy flesh, low acid-sugar ratio, and less volatile compounds content of Fukuoka also make it suitable for juice processing. Three cultivars of jaboticaba berry exhibited different characteristics, providing reference evidence for the manufacturing and processing of jaboticaba health food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaosi Xu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Pang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Institute of Food Inspection, Fujian Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Processed Foods, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinchang Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Jin
- School of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luqiang Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chua LS, Abd Wahab NS. Drying Kinetic of Jaboticaba Berries and Natural Fermentation for Anthocyanin-Rich Fruit Vinegar. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010065. [PMID: 36613281 PMCID: PMC9818337 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the drying kinetic of jaboticaba berries that were then used for the fermentation of natural fruit vinegar. The drying behavior was fitted well to the thin-layer kinetic model of Midilli et al. in a vacuum oven at 40 °C. Moisture diffusion was the dominant mechanism because two falling rate periods were observed. The effective moisture diffusivity was decreased (2.52 × 10−10 m2/s) after being pretreated with 70% sugar (1.84 × 10−10 m2/s) and 10% salt (6.73 × 10−11 m2/s) solutions. Fresh berry vinegar was found to have higher flavonoids, including anthocyanins, to exhibit higher antiradical and anti-pathogenic microorganism activities. However, the phenolic content in dried berries vinegar was higher, mainly from the bond breaking of tannins and lignins from fruit peel. Some extent of oxidation occurred because of the change in the color index of vinegar samples. The acidity of both vinegars was 3% acetic acid. Headspace GC-MS also detected acetic acid as the major compound (>60%) in the vapor of vinegar samples. A wide range of non-volatile compounds composed of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, and sugar derivatives was detected by UHPLC-TWIMS-QTOFMS. The peak intensity of anthocyanins was reduced by 28−77% in dried berry vinegar. Therefore, it is better to prepare natural fruit vinegar using fresh berries, preserving anthocyanins for high antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Suan Chua
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-1-972-14378
| | - Nurul Syafiqah Abd Wahab
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calloni C, Martínez LS, Gil DF, da Silva DM, Jahn MP, Salvador M. Jabuticaba [ Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel] Protects Liver of Diabetic Rats Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Through the Modulation of SIRT3 Expression. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665747. [PMID: 34295258 PMCID: PMC8290295 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications generated by hyperglycemia present in diabetes mellitus (DM) have been constantly related to oxidative stress and dysfunction in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), which is present in mitochondria, is responsible for regulating several proteins involved in metabolic homeostasis and oxidative stress. Studies have suggested alterations in the expression of SIRT3 in DM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenolic compounds in jabuticaba (Plinia trunciflora), a berry native to Brazil, on the activity of mitochondrial ETC complexes, SIRT3 protein expression, and oxidative stress parameters in liver of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. After type 1 DM induction (streptozotocin 65 mg/kg), diabetic and healthy rats were treated with jabuticaba peel extract (JPE) by gavage (0.5 g/kg of weight) for 30 days. After treatments, those diabetic rats presented impaired activities of complexes I, II, and III of ETC along with an overexpression of SIRT3. In addition, an increase in lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities was observed in the diabetic group. The treatment with JPE was able to recover the activity of the mitochondrial complexes and reduce the expression of SIRT3. Furthermore, JPE treatment reduced oxidative damage to lipids and brought the antioxidants enzyme activities to basal levels in diabetic rats. Together, these results demonstrate that JPE can reduce oxidative stress related to DM by restoring mitochondrial complexes activity and regulating SIRT3 expression. Thus, JPE could become an alternative to reduce the development of complications related to DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Calloni
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Soares Martínez
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Franciele Gil
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Douglas Machado da Silva
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Parmegiani Jahn
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lage NN, Carvalho MMDF, Guerra JFC, Lopes JMM, Pereira RR, Rabelo ACS, Arruda VM, Pereira MDFA, Layosa MA, Noratto GD, Lima WGD, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML. Jaboticaba ( Myrciaria cauliflora) Peel Supplementation Prevents Hepatic Steatosis Through Hypolipidemic Effects and Cholesterol Metabolism Modulation in Diet-Induced NAFLD Rat Model. J Med Food 2021; 24:968-977. [PMID: 33523759 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora), a Brazilian fruit, is a good source of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, which are concentrated mainly in the peel. These compounds have been considered promising in prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of 4% jaboticaba peel powder (JPP) supplementation on cholesterol metabolism and hepatic steatosis in livers of rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. The rats were fed a standard AIN-93M (control) diet or an HF diet containing 32% lard and 1% cholesterol, both with and without 4% JPP. The M. cauliflora peel composition revealed a low-lipid high-fiber content and phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds in JPP, tentatively identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis, were confirmed to contain phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Moreover, JPP presented significant antioxidant activity in vitro and was not cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, as determined by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. After 6 weeks of treatment, our results showed that JPP supplementation increased lipid excretion in feces, reduced serum levels of total cholesterol and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and attenuated hepatic steatosis severity in rats fed the HF diet. Furthermore, JPP treatment downregulated expression of ACAT-1, LXR-α, CYP7A1, and ABCG5 genes. Therefore, jaboticaba peel may represent a viable dietary strategy to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as the JPP treatment alleviated hepatic steatosis through improvement of serum lipid profiles and modulation of mRNA expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nara Nunes Lage
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata Rebeca Pereira
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Marques Arruda
- Undergraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Brazil
| | | | - Marjorie Anne Layosa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Giuliana D Noratto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Eustáquio Silva
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Department of Foods, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Pedrosa
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
da Silva-Maia JK, Batista ÂG, Cazarin CBB, Soares ES, Bogusz Junior S, Leal RF, da Cruz-Höfling MA, Maróstica Junior MR. Aqueous Extract of Brazilian Berry ( Myrciaria jaboticaba) Peel Improves Inflammatory Parameters and Modulates Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in Rats with Induced-Colitis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112776. [PMID: 31731626 PMCID: PMC6893622 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds could be a complementary alternative to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. This study determined the effects of an aqueous extract of Myrciaria jaboticaba peel (EJP) (50 g L-1) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis. Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: HC-healthy control, CC-colitis control, DC-drug control, SJ-short-term treatment with EJP, and LJ-long-term treatment with EJP. The EJP treatments reduced body weight loss, stool consistency score, and spleen enlargement. Gut microbiota was modulated through increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts after EJP treatment. Short-chain fatty acids were also higher in the EJP treatment groups. The antioxidant enzyme activities were greater than CC or DC controls. Myeloperoxidase activity (LJ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (LJ/SJ), and intercellular adhesion molecule (SJ) levels were lower than in the CC group. EJP decreased histological scoring, mucosal thickness, and preserved the crypts and histological structure. Therefore, EJP showed beneficial effects and could be potentially used as an adjuvant in IBD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kelly da Silva-Maia
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Rua das Artes—Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59075-000, Brazil
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.K.d.S.-M.); (M.R.M.J.); Tel.: +55-8432153135 (J.K.d.S.-M.); +55-19-35214078 (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Ângela Giovana Batista
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Maria—UFSM—Campus Palmeira das Missões, Av. Independência, nº 3751, Palmeira das Missões, RS CEP 98300-000, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Edilene Siqueira Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Stanislau Bogusz Junior
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Junior
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.K.d.S.-M.); (M.R.M.J.); Tel.: +55-8432153135 (J.K.d.S.-M.); +55-19-35214078 (M.R.M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao DK, Shi YN, Petrova V, Yue GGL, Negrin A, Wu SB, D'Armiento JM, Lau CBS, Kennelly EJ. Jaboticabin and Related Polyphenols from Jaboticaba ( Myrciaria cauliflora) with Anti-inflammatory Activity for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:1513-1520. [PMID: 30675793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myrciaria cauliflora (jaboticaba) is an edible fruit common in Brazil that has been used for treating respiratory diseases, including chronic tonsillitis and asthma. This study explores the distribution of an anti-inflammatory depside, jaboticabin, in different parts of the jaboticaba plant as well as major polyphenols from the wood of jaboticaba, some with biological activity similar to jaboticabin. The peel of the fruit was found to be the major source of jaboticabin. This is the first phytochemical study of the wood of M. cauliflora. The antioxidant-activity-guided fractionation strategy successfully identified 3,3'-dimethylellagic acid-4- O-sulfate from jaboticaba wood. This ellagic acid derivative, in a manner similar to jaboticabin, showed antiradical activity and inhibited the production of the chemokine interleukin-8 after treating the human small airway epithelial cells with cigarette smoke extract. The human intestinal Caco-2 cell studies demonstrated the jaboticabin transport in vitro. The polyphenols, jaboticabin and 3,3'-dimethyellagic acid-4- O-sulfate, from jaboticaba were both found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities, thus suggesting the potential use of these compounds or even the fruits themselves for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya-Na Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plants , Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650200 , People's Republic of China
| | - Vanya Petrova
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center , The City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York City , New York 10016 , United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College , The City University of New York , 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West , Bronx , New York 10468 , United States
| | - Grace G L Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Adam Negrin
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center , The City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York City , New York 10016 , United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College , The City University of New York , 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West , Bronx , New York 10468 , United States
| | - Shi-Biao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College , The City University of New York , 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West , Bronx , New York 10468 , United States
| | - Jeanine M D'Armiento
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons , Columbia University , 630 West 168th Street , P&S 9-449, New York City , New York 10032 , United States
| | - Clara B S Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center , The City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York City , New York 10016 , United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College , The City University of New York , 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West , Bronx , New York 10468 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
da Silva-Maia JK, Batista AG, Correa LC, Lima GC, Bogusz Junior S, Maróstica Junior MR. Aqueous extract of berry (Plinia jaboticaba) byproduct modulates gut microbiota and maintains the balance on antioxidant defense system in rats. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12705. [PMID: 31353652 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have assessed the properties of aqueous extracts, using byproducts such as jaboticaba peel. We have assessed potential antioxidant effects of jaboticaba extract (Plinia jaboticaba) (JAE = 50 g/L) in vitro and in vivo. Healthy Wistar rats received ad libitum JAE for either 15 or 49 days in vivo. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, gallic acid, rutin, myricetin, and quercetin were identified as the main polyphenols in JAE. Lipid peroxidation values in the serum and colon were similar throughout the groups. In addition, JAE did not disturb the antioxidant systems. JAE also altered gut microbiota, increasing since Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae counts. Bacterial metabolites were higher in the colon content of rats fed with JAE than in the control group. Given these results, under healthy conditions, JAE dietary supplementation could perform in vivo modulation of gut microbiota, without disturbing the antioxidant system. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Jaboticaba (Plinia jaboticaba) peel is a rich and often-wasted source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols. Previous studies have shown that physiological benefits of this berry. The jaboticaba peel could contribute to antioxidant defense systems; it may also have an effect over gut microbiota related to polyphenols contents. Aqueous extraction may be a practical way of employing the bioactive compounds of jaboticaba peel; these compounds can be consumed daily and safely, and thus have attracted particular attention. This work showed positive impacts of jaboticaba peel treatments on microbiota and antioxidant defense systems, and could guide future clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kelly da Silva-Maia
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angela Giovana Batista
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM, Campus Palmeira das Missões), Palmeira das Missões, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Correa
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Tropical Semi-arid, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Carielo Lima
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pereira LD, Barbosa JMG, Ribeiro da Silva AJ, Ferri PH, Santos SC. Polyphenol and Ellagitannin Constituents of Jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) and Chemical Variability at Different Stages of Fruit Development. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:1209-1219. [PMID: 28170233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new ellagitannin named cauliflorin (1), seven known hydrolyzable tannins (2-8), and six known phenolics (9-14) were isolated from jabuticaba. Compounds 2-8 had not been previously isolated from M. cauliflora fruits. The jabuticaba fruit was analyzed at four developmental stages for ellagitannins 1, 3, 7, and 8, phenolic acids 11 and 12, anthocyanins, organic acids, and sugars via HPLC-UV-DAD and NMRq. The content of ellagitannins and organic acids declined during fruit development, whereas at full ripeness sugar and anthocyanin levels underwent a sharp increase and were mainly constituted by fructose and cyanidin-3-O-glucose, respectively. Ellagitannins' profile varied considerably among fruit tissues, with pedunculagin (3), castalagin (7), and vescalagin (8) mostly concentrated in jabuticaba seeds, whereas cauliflorin (1) and anthocyanins accumulated in the peels. Changes in jabuticaba's phenolic compound contents were mostly influenced by fruit part (peel, pulp, and seed) rather than by degree of ripeness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Dias Pereira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás , 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Ferri
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás , 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
| | - Suzana Costa Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás , 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
| |
Collapse
|