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Shokouhimehr M, Theus AS, Kamalakar A, Ning L, Cao C, Tomov ML, Kaiser JM, Goudy S, Willett NJ, Jang HW, LaRock CN, Hanna P, Lechtig A, Yousef M, Martins JDS, Nazarian A, Harris MB, Mahmoudi M, Serpooshan V. 3D Bioprinted Bacteriostatic Hyperelastic Bone Scaffold for Damage-Specific Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071099. [PMID: 33808295 PMCID: PMC8036866 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for regeneration of large bone fractures yield limited clinical success mainly due to poor integration and healing. Multidisciplinary approaches in design and development of functional tissue engineered scaffolds are required to overcome these translational challenges. Here, a new generation of hyperelastic bone (HB) implants, loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), are 3D bioprinted and their regenerative effect on large non-healing bone fractures is studied. Scaffolds are bioprinted with the geometry that closely correspond to that of the bone defect, using an osteoconductive, highly elastic, surgically friendly bioink mainly composed of hydroxyapatite. Incorporation of SPIONs into HB bioink results in enhanced bacteriostatic properties of bone grafts while exhibiting no cytotoxicity. In vitro culture of mouse embryonic cells and human osteoblast-like cells remain viable and functional up to 14 days on printed HB scaffolds. Implantation of damage-specific bioprinted constructs into a rat model of femoral bone defect demonstrates significant regenerative effect over the 2-week time course. While no infection, immune rejection, or fibrotic encapsulation is observed, HB grafts show rapid integration with host tissue, ossification, and growth of new bone. These results suggest a great translational potential for 3D bioprinted HB scaffolds, laden with functional nanoparticles, for hard tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.S.); (H.W.J.)
| | - Andrea S. Theus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Archana Kamalakar
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Liqun Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Cong Cao
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Martin L. Tomov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Jarred M. Kaiser
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Steven Goudy
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Nick J. Willett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.S.); (H.W.J.)
| | - Christopher N. LaRock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Philip Hanna
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.H.); (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Aron Lechtig
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.H.); (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Mohamed Yousef
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Janaina Da Silva Martins
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St, Thier 11, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.H.); (A.L.); (A.N.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Mitchel B. Harris
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program & Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
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