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Shen M, Wang L, Gao Y, Feng L, Xu C, Li S, Wang X, Wu Y, Guo Y, Pei G. 3D bioprinting of in situ vascularized tissue engineered bone for repairing large segmental bone defects. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100382. [PMID: 36033373 PMCID: PMC9403505 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects remain an unsolved clinical challenge because of the lack of effective vascularization in newly formed bone tissue. 3D bioprinting is a fabrication technology with the potential to create vascularized bone grafts with biological activity for repairing bone defects. In this study, vascular endothelial cells laden with thermosensitive bio-ink were bioprinted in situ on the inner surfaces of interconnected tubular channels of bone mesenchymal stem cell-laden 3D-bioprinted scaffolds. Endothelial cells exhibited a more uniform distribution and greater seeding efficiency throughout the channels. In vitro, the in situ bioprinted endothelial cells can form a vascular network through proliferation and migration. The in situ vascularized tissue-engineered bone also resulted in a coupling effect between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis is upregulated in biological processes. The in vivo 3D-bioprinted in situ vascularized scaffolds exhibited excellent performance in promoting new bone formation in rat calvarial critical-sized defect models. Consequently, in situ vascularized tissue-engineered bones constructed using 3D bioprinting technology have a potential of being used as bone grafts for repairing large bone defects, with a possible clinical application in the future. 3D bioprinting was used to fabricate in situ vascularized tissue engineered bone. In situ bioprinted endothelial cells exhibited uniform distribution and greater seeding efficiency. 3D-bioprinted scaffold produced coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Key Words
- 3D bioprinted BMSCs-laden GelMA hydrogel scaffold, (GB)
- 3D bioprinting
- 3D dual-extrusion bioprinted BMSCs-laden GelMA hydrogel and RAOECs-laden 3P hydrogel scaffold, (GB-3PR)
- 3D dual-extrusion bioprinted GelMA hydrogel and RAOECs-laden 3P hydrogel scaffold, (G-3PR)
- 3D printed GelMA hydrogel scaffold, (G)
- 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, (DAPI)
- Alizarin red S, (ARS)
- Alkaline phosphatase, (ALP)
- Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, (DMEM)
- Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, (DPBS)
- Fourier-transform infrared, (FTIR)
- In situ vascularization
- Large segmental bone defects
- PLA-PEG-PLA, (3P)
- RNA sequencing Analysis
- Tissue engineering
- analysis of variance, (ANOVA)
- bone mesenchymal stem cells, (BMSCs)
- bone mineral density, (BMD)
- bone volume to tissue volume, (BV/TV)
- complementary DNA, (cDNA)
- differentially expressed genes, (DEGs)
- endothelial cells, (ECs)
- ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, (EDTA)
- extracellular matrix, (ECM)
- fetal bovine serum, (FBS)
- gelatin methacryloyl, (GelMA)
- gene ontology, (GO)
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, (GAPDH)
- green fluorescent protein, (GFP)
- hematoxylin and eosin, (H&E)
- lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate, (LAP)
- micro-computed tomography, (micro-CT)
- nuclear magnetic resonance, (NMR)
- optical density, (OD)
- paraformaldehyde, (PFA)
- phosphate-buffered saline, (PBS)
- polyethylene glycol, (PEG)
- polylactic acid, (PLA)
- polyvinylidene fluoride, (PVDF)
- radioimmunoprecipitation assay, (RIPA)
- rat aortic endothelial cells, (RAOECs)
- real-time polymerase chain reaction, (RT-PCR)
- standard deviation, (SD)
- tissue-engineered bone, (TEB)
- tris buffered saline with Tween-20, (TBST)
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkui Shen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuangye Xu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sijing Li
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Yulan Wu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yao Guo
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Guoxian Pei
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Corresponding author.
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