Mildronate has Ameliorative Effects on The Experimental Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model in The Rabbit Spinal Cord.
World Neurosurg 2023;
173:e717-e726. [PMID:
36889637 DOI:
10.1016/j.wneu.2023.02.139]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Mildronate is a useful anti-ischemic agent and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of mildronate in the experimental rabbit spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) model.
METHODS
Rabbits were randomized into five groups of eight animals as groups 1 (control), 2 (ischemia), 3 (vehicle), 4 (30 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MP)), and 5 (100 mg/kg mildronate). The control group only underwent a laparotomy. The other groups have the spinal cord ischemia model by a 20-min aortic occlusion just caudal to the renal artery. The malondialdehyde and catalase levels and caspase-3, myeloperoxidase, and xanthine oxidase activities were investigated. Neurological, histopathological, and ultrastructural evaluations were also performed.
RESULTS
The serum and tissue myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and caspase-3 values of the ischemia and vehicle groups were statistically significantly higher than the MP and mildronate groups (p < 0.001). Serum and tissue catalase values of the ischemia and vehicle groups were statistically significantly lower than the control, MP, and mildronate groups (p < 0.001). The histopathological evaluation revealed a statistically significantly lower score in the mildronate and MP groups than the ischemia and vehicle groups (p < 0.001). The modified Tarlov score values of the ischemia and vehicle groups were statistically significantly lower than the control, MP, and mildronate groups (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This study presented the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects of mildronate on SCIRI. Future studies will elucidate its possible use in clinical settings in SCIRI.
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