The correlation analysis between alterations of serum vitamin D, IL-33 levels, and clinical improvement after narrow-band UVB treatment in vitiligo patients: A case-control study

BACKGROUND

The etiology of vitiligo has not been completely elucidated. Recently, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and IL-33 levels were found to be associated with the development of the vitiligo. The aim was to assess relationship between 25(OH)D, IL-33 levels, and clinical improvement after narrow-band UVB treatment in vitiligo.

METHOD

Patients with vitiligo who underwent at least 48 sessions of narrow-band UVB treatment were included in this study. Age, gender, smoking status, family history of vitiligo, type of vitiligo, body surface area affected by vitiligo, and vitiligo activity were recorded. 25(OH)D and IL-33 were measured and compared at baseline, second month, and fourth month.

RESULTS

Twenty patients with vitiligo and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. The mean baseline 25(OH)D level of vitiligo group was statistically significantly lower than the control group's (p < .05). The mean baseline IL-33 level was higher in vitiligo group with no statistically significantly difference (p > .05). The increase in 25(OH)D level and the decrease in vitiligo-affected body surface area were found to be statistically significant during treatment (p < .05). The mean IL-33 levels were found to be lower at the second and fourth month compared to baseline. However, there were no statistical significance (p > .05).

CONCLUSION

Low levels of 25(OH)D are thought to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. 25(OH)D increase due to phototherapy may have a role in repigmentation independently from the direct effect of narrow-band UVB.

Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for pityriasis lichenoides: A real-life experience

INTRODUCTION

Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is a papulosquamous disease affecting both children and adults, for which narrowband-UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy is regarded as a commonly used treatment option. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of NB-UVB phototherapy in the management of PL and to compare response rates in pediatric and adult age groups.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This observational, retrospective study included 20 PL patients (12 pityriasis lichenoides chronica; PLC, 8 pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta; PLEVA) who failed to respond to other treatment modalities. The data for this study were collected retrospectively from patient follow-up forms in the phototherapy unit.

RESULTS

A complete response (CR) was obtained in all pediatric patients with PL, while 53.8% of adult patients had achieved CR. The mean cumulative dose required to achieve the CR was higher in pediatric patients than adult patients with PL (p < .05). The CR was achieved in 6 (75%) of 8 PLEVA patients, while 8 (66.7%) of 12 PLC patients had reached to CR. The mean number of exposures for patients with PLC to achieve a CR was higher than patients with PLEVA (p < .05). Erythema was the most common adverse effect during phototherapy particularly in 5 (35.7%) of the patients with PL who had achieved CR.

CONCLUSIONS

NB-UVB is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for PL especially in diffuse types. A higher response can be obtained in children with higher cumulative dose. Patients with PLC may require more exposures for CR than patients with PLEVA.

Narrow-band UVB combined with compound clobetasol propionate can improve the therapeutic effect in hand eczema patients

OBJECTIVE

To explore the therapeutic effect of narrow-band UVB combined with compound clobetasol propionate on hand eczema patients.

METHODS

From June 2017 to June 2020, 102 patients with hand eczema in our hospital were recruited for this study and divided into group A (GA) and group B (GB). The 50 patients in GA were treated with narrow-band UVB irradiation only, and the 52 patients in GB were treated with compound clobetasol propionate in addition to the treatment administered to GA. The patients' general data and therapeutic effects were observed in both groups. The adverse reactions were also observed during the treatment. The severity index scores (EASI) of the pruritus and eczema areas of the skin lesions were observed before and after the therapy. The IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in the serum were tested using ELISA. After the therapy, the quality of life and any recurrences within 3 months were observed in both groups.

RESULTS

There were no differences in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). The curative effect in GB was better than it was in GA (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in GB was significantly lower than the incidence in GA (P<0.05). After the therapy, the EASI scores of the pruritus and eczema areas of the skin lesions in GB were significantly lower than they were in GA (P<0.05). After the therapy, the patients' serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in GB were significantly better than they were in GA. After the therapy, the quality of life of the patients in GB was significantly higher than it was in in GA (P<0.05). After 3 months of therapy, the recurrence rate in GB was significantly lower than it was in GA (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Narrow-band UVB combined with compound clobetasol propionate is effective at treating patients with hand eczema, as it can effectively improve their clinical symptoms and is very safe.

Transverse Needling After Autologous Mini-Punch Grafts Improves Repigmentation in Stable Non-Segmental Vitiligo

Background

Repigmentation remains the primary target in vitiligo treatment. Melanocyte transfer procedures are often required for repigmenting stable, resistant vitiligo lesions necessitating procedural optimization and comparative evaluation. In the current study, we aimed to assess the additive value of weekly transverse needling sessions after mini-punch grafting for repigmenting stable non-segmental vitiligo lesions versus either procedure alone.

Methods

Eighty lesions, included in 20 stable non-segmental vitiligo patients, were randomly allocated to each of the three treatment groups (line-1, mini-punch grafting; line-2, needling; and line-3, combined grafting and needling) and to a fourth control group receiving non-procedural treatment (line-4). Oral mini-pulse steroids and narrow-band ultraviolet-B sessions were administered to all patients for 3 months before and 6 months after the interventions. The extent of repigmentation was assessed using planimetry. Secondary outcomes were the time to first repigmentation response, cosmetic matching, and patient satisfaction. Blinding and allocation concealment were not feasible owing to the intervention nature and within subject design.

Results

Mini-punch grafting followed by weekly needling for 6 months achieved the fastest response and highest extent of repigmentation. Mini-punch grafts and transverse needling alone provided better results than the control group. No steroid-associated side effects were reported.

Conclusion

Weekly needling sessions after mini-punch grafting hastened and improved the repigmentation extent of stable, resistant, non-segmental vitiligo lesions and should be considered during treatment planning.

Possible clinical efficacy and tolerability of platelet-rich plasma with atopic dermatitis

BACKGROUND

Narrowband-ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) is a promising, effective, and safe therapeutic option for atopic dermatitis (AD), but the treating courses frequently need an extended period since they might have a possible hazard for several side effects and cases of non-compliance.

OBJECTIVE

To discover the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injecting on the outcomes of short-term NB-UVB treatment for AD cases.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The present study includes 44 atopic dermatitis cases with general symmetric lesions. For every case, the left side of the body was treated with NB-UVB (control side) whereas the right side was treated with NB-UVB plus PRP intradermal injection, at 3-week interval for 3-months.

RESULTS

A statistically high significant reduction was found in the EASI score, IGA score in the combined side (PRP plus NB-UVB) in comparison with NB-UVB side.

CONCLUSION

Intradermal PRP injecting in addition to NB-UVB can be considered as a simple, acceptable, and economical method for treating atopic dermatitis. It decreases the NB-UVB therapeutic period and is predictable to raise case compliance. Assessments through follow-up were proposed and undertaken to rate the efficacy of treatment.

A retrospective, descriptive study of patients with Mycosis fungoides treated by phototherapy (oral PUVA, NB-UVB) with a twice-weekly regimen at the Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand, with an experiential timeline of 13 years

BACKGROUND

Phototherapy has been a first-line treatment for early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) since 1976. Oral 8-methoxypsoralen plus ultraviolet A (oral PUVA) and narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) are favorable modalities owing to their availability. In previous studies, phototherapy was conducted thrice per week initially, which is not feasible for many patients.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the initial clinical responses and time to relapse in patients with early-stage MF treated with oral PUVA and NB-UVB at a twice-weekly regimen.

METHODS

We reviewed the records of patients with biopsy-proven MF who received oral PUVA or NB-UVB in 2002-2014. Demographic data, staging, response to initial course of phototherapy, and initial relapse-free interval were collected.

RESULTS

Among 70 patients, 14 (20%) and 56 (80%) were treated with oral PUVA and NB-UVB, respectively. The majority had early-stage MF (IA, 22.9%, IB, 57.1%, and IIA, 4.3%). Oral PUVA led to a complete response (CR) in 2 (14.3%) patients and partial response (PR) in 7 (50%) patients; 17 (30.4%) and 25 (44.6%) patients, respectively, achieved CR and PR with NB-UVB. The number of treatments was similar in both groups. The cumulative dose was 520.7 J/cm² for PUVA and 41.6 J/cm² for NB-UVB. There was no initial relapse in the 2 (100%) patients and in 10 (58.8%) patients treated with oral PUVA and NB-UVB at 18 months and 9.14 months of follow-up, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Patients with early-stage MF can achieve clinical response with oral PUVA and NB-UVB, with a twice per week regimen. The initial relapse-free interval was longer than 1 year.

Erythema dyschromicum perstans: A case report and systematic review of histologic presentation and treatment

Objective

Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) can be difficult to diagnose and treat; therefore, we reviewed the literature to assess whether histology can be used to differentiate lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) from EDP and determine which treatments are the most effective for EDP. We also present a case of a patient who was treated successfully with narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB).

Methods

A systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was conducted up to July 2017 using four databases.

Results

Histologic analyses from the literature reveal a significant percentage of melanophages, lymphocytic infiltrates, and basal vacuolar degeneration in EDP, and a significant histologic overlap with LPP. The review of the literature on treatment outcomes showed that NB-UVB and tacrolimus were effective with minimal side effects. Clofazimine was effective, but demonstrated significant-to-intolerable side effects. Griseofulvin, isotretinoin, and dapsone provided unsatisfactory results as lesions recurred after discontinuation. Lasers were largely ineffective and may cause postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and fibrosis.

Conclusion

A diagnosis of EDP should not be based on histologic findings alone. Clinical history, morphology, and distribution should be used to differentiate EDP and LPP. NB-UVB and tacrolimus are promising treatments for EDP with minimal side effects. This is the first report to our knowledge of sustained resolution of EDP after treatment with NB-UVB at long-term follow-up of 4 years. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Local corticosterone activation by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in keratinocytes: the role in narrow-band UVB-induced dermatitis

Keratinocytes are known to synthesize cortisol through activation of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1). To confirm the function of 11β-HSD1 in keratinocytes during inflammation in vivo, we created keratinocyte-specific-11β-HSD1 knockout mice (K5-Hsd11b1-KO mice) and analyzed the response to narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) irradiation. Firstly, we measured the mRNA and protein levels of 11β-HSD1 following NB-UVB irradiation and found that the expression of 11β-HSD1 in keratinocytes of mouse ear skin was enhanced at 3 and 24 hours after 250 mJ/cm(2), 500 mJ/cm(2), 1 J/cm(2), and 2 J/cm(2) NB-UVB irradiation. Next, we determined that 24 hours after exposure to 1 J/cm(2) NB-UVB irradiation, the numbers of F4/80-, CD45-, and Gr-1-positive cells were increased in K5-Hsd11b1-KO mice compared to wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, the expression of the chemokine (C-X-C-motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and interleukin (IL)-6 was also significantly enhanced in NB-UVB-irradiated K5-Hsd11b1-KO mice compared with WT mice. In addition, activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) after NB-UVB irradiation was enhanced in K5-Hsd11b1-KO mice compared to that in WT mice. Thus, NB-UVB-induced inflammation is augmented in K5-Hsd11b1-KO mice compared with WT mice. These results indicate that 11β-HSD1 may suppress NB-UVB-induced inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB activation.