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Narayanasamy KK, Stojic A, Li Y, Sass S, Hesse MR, Deussner-Helfmann NS, Dietz MS, Kuner T, Klevanski M, Heilemann M. Visualizing Synaptic Multi-Protein Patterns of Neuronal Tissue With DNA-Assisted Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:671288. [PMID: 34220481 PMCID: PMC8247585 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.671288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has widened our understanding of biomolecular structure and function in biological materials. Imaging multiple targets within a single area would elucidate their spatial localization relative to the cell matrix and neighboring biomolecules, revealing multi-protein macromolecular structures and their functional co-dependencies. SRM methods are, however, limited to the number of suitable fluorophores that can be imaged during a single acquisition as well as the loss of antigens during antibody washing and restaining for organic dye multiplexing. We report the visualization of multiple protein targets within the pre- and postsynapse in 350–400 nm thick neuronal tissue sections using DNA-assisted single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). In a single labeling step, antibodies conjugated with short DNA oligonucleotides visualized multiple targets by sequential exchange of fluorophore-labeled complementary oligonucleotides present in the imaging buffer. This approach avoids potential effects on structural integrity when using multiple rounds of immunolabeling and eliminates chromatic aberration, because all targets are imaged using a single excitation laser wavelength. This method proved robust for multi-target imaging in semi-thin tissue sections with a lateral resolution better than 25 nm, paving the way toward structural cell biology with single-molecule SRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarjel K Narayanasamy
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Stojic
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yunqing Li
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Steffen Sass
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina R Hesse
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina S Deussner-Helfmann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marina S Dietz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja Klevanski
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Redlingshöfer L, McLeod F, Chen Y, Camus MD, Burden JJ, Palomer E, Briant K, Dannhauser PN, Salinas PC, Brodsky FM. Clathrin light chain diversity regulates membrane deformation in vitro and synaptic vesicle formation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23527-38. [PMID: 32907943 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003662117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals that diversity of clathrin light chain (CLC) subunits alters clathrin properties and demonstrates that the two neuronal CLC subunits work together for optimal clathrin function in synaptic vesicle formation. Our findings establish a role for CLC diversity in synaptic transmission and illustrate how CLC variability expands the complexity of clathrin to serve tissue-specific functions. Clathrin light chain (CLC) subunits in vertebrates are encoded by paralogous genes CLTA and CLTB, and both gene products are alternatively spliced in neurons. To understand how this CLC diversity influences neuronal clathrin function, we characterized the biophysical properties of clathrin comprising individual CLC variants for correlation with neuronal phenotypes of mice lacking either CLC-encoding gene. CLC splice variants differentially influenced clathrin knee conformation within assemblies, and clathrin with neuronal CLC mixtures was more effective in membrane deformation than clathrin with single neuronal isoforms nCLCa or nCLCb. Correspondingly, electrophysiological recordings revealed that neurons from mice lacking nCLCa or nCLCb were both defective in synaptic vesicle replenishment. Mice with only nCLCb had a reduced synaptic vesicle pool and impaired neurotransmission compared to WT mice, while nCLCa-only mice had increased synaptic vesicle numbers, restoring normal neurotransmission. These findings highlight differences between the CLC isoforms and show that isoform mixing influences tissue-specific clathrin activity in neurons, which requires their functional balance.
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Sytnyk V, Fath T. Editorial: From Structure to Function - The Interplay Between Cell Adhesion Molecules and the Cytoskeleton. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:104. [PMID: 32158756 PMCID: PMC7051915 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Moreno-Salinas AL, Avila-Zozaya M, Ugalde-Silva P, Hernández-Guzmán DA, Missirlis F, Boucard AA. Latrophilins: A Neuro-Centric View of an Evolutionary Conserved Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor Subfamily. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:700. [PMID: 31354411 PMCID: PMC6629964 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion G protein-coupled receptors latrophilins have been in the limelight for more than 20 years since their discovery as calcium-independent receptors for α-latrotoxin, a spider venom toxin with potent activity directed at neurotransmitter release from a variety of synapse types. Latrophilins are highly expressed in the nervous system. Although a substantial amount of studies has been conducted to describe the role of latrophilins in the toxin-mediated action, the recent identification of endogenous ligands for these receptors helped confirm their function as mediators of adhesion events. Here we hypothesize a role for latrophilins in inter-neuronal contacts and the formation of neuronal networks and we review the most recent information on their role in neurons. We explore molecular, cellular and behavioral aspects related to latrophilin adhesion function in mice, zebrafish, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including autism spectrum, bipolar, attention deficit and hyperactivity and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Moreno-Salinas
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Avila-Zozaya
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul Ugalde-Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David A. Hernández-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antony A. Boucard
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
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The
mechanism of Aβ aggregation in the absence of metal ions
is well established, yet the role that Zn2+ and Cu2+, the two most studied metal ions, released during neurotransmission,
paly in promoting Aβ aggregation in the vicinity of neuronal
synapses remains elusive. Here we report the kinetics of Zn2+ binding to Aβ and Zn2+/Cu2+ binding
to Aβ-Cu to form ternary complexes under near physiological
conditions (nM Aβ, μM metal ions). We find that these
reactions are several orders of magnitude slower than Cu2+ binding to Aβ. Coupled reaction-diffusion simulations of the
interactions of synaptically released metal ions with Aβ show
that up to a third of Aβ is Cu2+-bound under repetitive
metal ion release, while any other Aβ-metal complexes (including
Aβ-Zn) are insignificant. We therefore conclude that Zn2+ is unlikely to play an important role in the very early
stages (i.e., dimer formation) of Aβ aggregation, contrary to
a widely held view in the subject. We propose that targeting the specific
interactions between Cu2+ and Aβ may be a viable
option in drug development efforts for early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Branch
- Institute of Chemical Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Mathematics, and ∥National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio Barahona
- Institute of Chemical Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Mathematics, and ∥National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A. Dodson
- Institute of Chemical Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Mathematics, and ∥National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Ying
- Institute of Chemical Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Mathematics, and ∥National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Lin JW, Wyszynski M, Madhavan R, Sealock R, Kim JU, Sheng M. Yotiao, a novel protein of neuromuscular junction and brain that interacts with specific splice variants of NMDA receptor subunit NR1. J Neurosci 1998; 18:2017-27. [PMID: 9482789 PMCID: PMC6792910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/1997] [Revised: 12/17/1997] [Accepted: 12/23/1997] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular machinery underlying neurotransmitter receptor immobilization at postsynaptic sites is poorly understood. The NMDA receptor subunit NR1 can form clusters in heterologous cells via a mechanism dependent on the alternatively spliced C1 exon cassette in its intracellular C-terminal tail, suggesting a functional interaction between NR1 and the cytoskeleton. The yeast two-hybrid screen was used here to identify yotiao, a novel coiled coil protein that interacts with NR1 in a C1 exon-dependent manner. Yotiao mRNA (11 kb) is present modestly in brain and abundantly in skeletal muscle and pancreas. On Western blots, yotiao appears as an approximately 230 kDa band that is present in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Biochemical studies reveal that yotiao fractionates with cytoskeleton-associated proteins and with the postsynaptic density. With regard to immunohistochemistry, two anti-yotiao antibodies display a somatodendritic staining pattern similar to each other and to the staining pattern of NR1. Yotiao was colocalized by double-label immunocytochemistry with NR1 in rat brain and could be coimmunoprecipitated with NR1 from heterologous cells. Thus yotiao is an NR1-binding protein potentially involved in cytoskeletal attachment of NMDA receptors. Consistent with a general involvement in postsynaptic structure, yotiao was also found to be specifically concentrated at the neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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