Measuring the Level of Urban-Rural Integration Development and Analyzing the Spatial Pattern Based on the New Development Concept: Evidence from Cities in the Yellow River Basin

Urban-rural integration development (URID) is the solution to the excessive urban-rural gap, unequal and insufficient development in urban-rural areas, along with the process of dynamic and balanced urban-rural growth. The promotion of high-quality development and sustainable development in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) depends heavily on the scientific development of an evaluation index for urban-rural integration (URI), the quantitative measurement of the level of URI, and the accurate identification of the spatial layout of URI. The URI indicator system is built using the new development philosophy, and 94 cities in the YRB are used as samples. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the URID in the YRB were studied from 2010 to 2020 using the entropy value method and coupled coordination model. The study shows that from 2010 to 2020, along the YRB, both urban and rural development (URD) levels generally increased. However, regional differences increased and development levels varied, showing a trend of uneven development between provinces. Overall, the degree of URID was increasing and still low, but there are three main types of urban-rural coupling and coordination (URCC) that are relatively stable: barely coordinated, primary coordination, and on the verge of disorder. Primary coordination replaced barely coordinated as the dominant type over time. Finally, it is suggested that urban and rural regions should not be "managed separately" but rather should be viewed as a cohesive organic whole; to drive urban cluster construction and spur rural development, to further close the urban-rural divide, reliance on the city centre is necessary. Concurrently, this encourages the transfer of farm labour and supports the coordinated growth of urban-rural industries; investment in advantageous industries is strengthened; the construction of URIs should be promoted at a more microscopic city and county level; and strong support is provided to achieve high-quality sustainable development of the YRB. It is important to put into practice the new development philosophy, investigate the fundamental causes of the growing urban-rural divide, change the development strategy, and optimize this new development path.

Measurement and Evolution of High-quality Development Level of Marine Fishery in China

High-quality development of marine fisheries provides an important advantage for China to build itself into a maritime power and implement the Blue Granary Plan effectively. Based on the concepts of 'new development', 'food security', and the six dimensions of 'openness, innovation, coordination, green, sharing, and security', in this study, we established an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of China's marine fishery sector. We applied the entropy method to evaluate the high-quality development level of China's marine fishery sector from 2000 to 2016 and explored its spatial and temporal evolution rules. Our results indicated that: 1) from 2000 to 2016, China's marine fishery sector was in the primary stage of high-quality development; 2) spatially, the highquality development of marine fisheries showed an upward trend in all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in the country (not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China), and with time, the distribution pattern changed from single to multi-polarization; 3) temporally, the development level of high-quality marine fisheries fluctuated during the study period. From 2000 to 2010, the growth rate in openness was relatively slow, but after 2010, it increased rapidly. Notably, innovation is the driving force for high-quality development. The green and security factors provide a solid guarantee for high-quality development. In the high-quality development of a region, economic development is better coordinated, and the distribution of benefits is more inclusive. This study provides a theoretical basis to formulate effective marine fishery policies for the high-quality development of the marine fishery sector in China. Exploring the high-quality development and evolution process of marine fishery is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of marine fishery industry, ensuring marine fishery food security, and alleviating global food crisis.