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Jafari M, Laraqui A, Baba W, Benmokhtar S, Zaitouni SE, Ali AA, Bounaim A, Moujahid M, Tanz R, Mahfoud T, Sbitti Y, Annaz HE, Abi R, Tagajdid MR, Kochri SE, Lahlou IA, Hsaini HE, Belayachi L, Benjouad A, Ichou M, En-Nya A, Ennibi K. Prevalence and patterns of mutations in RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer in North Africa. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1142. [PMCID: PMC9639273 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our review discuss (i) the findings from analyzed data that have examined KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in North Africa and to compare its prevalence with that shown in other populations and (ii) the possible role of dietary and lifestyle factors with CRC risk. Methods Using electronic databases, a systematic literature search was performed for the KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations in CRC patients from Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Lybia. Results Seventeen studies were identified through electronic searches with six studies conducted in Morocco, eight in Tunisia, two in Algeria, and one in Libya. A total of 1843 CRC patients were included 576 (31.3%) in Morocco, 641 (34.8%) in Tunisia, 592 (32.1%) in Algeria, and 34 (1.8%) in Libya. Overall, the average age of patients was 52.7 years old. Patients were predominantly male (56.6%). The mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF were 46.4%, 3.2% and 3.5% of all patients, respectively. A broad range of reported KRAS mutation frequencies have been reported in North Africa countries. The KRAS mutation frequency was 23.9% to 51% in Morocco, 23.1% to 68.2% in Tunisia, 31.4% to 50% in Algeria, and 38.2% in Libya. The G12D was the most frequently identified KRAS exon 2 mutations (31.6%), followed by G12V (25.4%), G13D (15.5%), G12C (10.2%), G12A (6.9%), and G12S (6.4%). G12R, G13V, G13C and G13R are less than 5%. There are important differences among North Africa countries. In Morocco and Tunisia, there is a higher prevalence of G12D mutation in KRAS exon 2 (≈50%). The most frequently mutation type in KRAS exon 3 was Q61L (40%). A59T and Q61E mutations were also found. In KRAS exon 4, the most common mutation was A146T (50%), followed by K117N (33.3%), A146P (8.3%) and A146V (8.3%). Conclusion KRAS mutated CRC patients in North Africa have been identified with incidence closer to the European figures. Beside established anti-CRC treatment, better understanding of the causality of CRC can be established by combining epidemiology and genetic/epigenetic on CRC etiology. This approach may be able to significantly reduce the burden of CRC in North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Jafari
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco ,grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Laraqui
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Walid Baba
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco ,grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Benmokhtar
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara El Zaitouni
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelmounaim Ait Ali
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Bounaim
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mountassir Moujahid
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Tanz
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tarik Mahfoud
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassir Sbitti
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Annaz
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Abi
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Rida Tagajdid
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Safae El Kochri
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Idriss Amine Lahlou
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Houda El Hsaini
- grid.463678.80000 0004 5896 7337International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lamiae Belayachi
- grid.463678.80000 0004 5896 7337International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Benjouad
- grid.463678.80000 0004 5896 7337International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ichou
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amina En-Nya
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Ennibi
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco ,grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Snouber A, Metahri M, Chahraoui S, Benatta D, Boukhari S, Hadjouj A, Larbi D, Rahmani M, Douichine M, Zouaoui A, Djaid M, Ben Saad H. Clinical and computed tomography features of patients suspected of COVID-19 in the university hospital of Oran, Algeria. Tunis Med 2022; 100:374-383. [PMID: 36206086 PMCID: PMC9552237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of the clinical and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients around the world observed a rich semiology, different from one country to another, and within the same country. AIM To analyze the clinical, computed tomography (CT) features, and the outcome of patients suspected of COVID-19 hospitalized in a COVID-19 unit of Oran university hospital (Algeria). METHODS We collected retrospectively the files of patients suspected of COVID-19 admitted in a COVID-19 unit during July 2020. Data were collected on standardized questionnaire with prior coding of parameters. Patients were admitted according to a triage based on their clinical situation and the chest CT aspects suggestive of COVID-19. Two physicians reviewed the high-resolution CT (HR-CT) images independently, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus with the input of two others experimented physicians. RESULTS 112 patients (64% males, median age: 68 (18-88) years) were included. The main symptoms were dyspnea (51.7%), cough (34%), fatigue (14%). Almost the half (49.1%) of patients had hypoxemia. The HR-CT findings were typical of COVID-19 in 96% of patients. Although 61% of patients had favorable prognosis, mortality rate was 30%. Mutlivariate analysis of risk factors for death showed that patients aged > 60 years had a 4-fold risk of death (95% confidence interval: [1.27-12.58], p=0.018). CONCLUSION Dyspnea, cough and fatigue were predominant symptoms, moderate and severe COVID-19 characterized our patients. Age > 60 years was a major risk factor for the deaths of our patients.
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Brennan AC, Méndez-Vigo B, Haddioui A, Martínez-Zapater JM, Picó FX, Alonso-Blanco C. The genetic structure of Arabidopsis thaliana in the south-western Mediterranean range reveals a shared history between North Africa and southern Europe. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:17. [PMID: 24411008 PMCID: PMC3890648 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering the genetic structure of Arabidopsis thaliana diversity across its geographic range provides the bases for elucidating the demographic history of this model plant. Despite the unique A. thaliana genomic resources currently available, its history in North Africa, the extreme southern limit in the biodiversity hotspot of the Mediterranean Basin, remains virtually unknown. RESULTS To approach A. thaliana evolutionary history in North Africa, we have analysed the genetic diversity and structure of 151 individuals collected from 20 populations distributed across Morocco. Genotyping of 249 genome-wide SNPs indicated that Morocco contains substantially lower diversity than most analyzed world regions. However, IBD, STRUCTURE and PCA clustering analyses showed that genetic variation is strongly geographically structured. We also determined the genetic relationships between Morocco and the closest European region, the Iberian Peninsula, by analyses of 201 populations from both regions genotyped with the same SNPs. These analyses detected four genetic groups, but all Moroccan accessions belonged to a common Iberian/Moroccan cluster that appeared highly differentiated from the remaining groups. Thus, we identified a genetic lineage with an isolated demographic history in the south-western Mediterranean region. The existence of this lineage was further supported by the study of several flowering genes and traits, which also found Moroccan accessions similar to the same Iberian group. Nevertheless, genetic diversity for neutral SNPs and flowering genes was higher in Moroccan than in Iberian populations of this lineage. Furthermore, we analyzed the genetic relationships between Morocco and other world regions by joint analyses of a worldwide collection of 337 accessions, which detected an additional weak relationship between North Africa and Asia. CONCLUSIONS The patterns of genetic diversity and structure of A. thaliana in Morocco show that North Africa is part of the species native range and support the occurrence of a glacial refugium in the Atlas Mountains. In addition, the identification of a genetic lineage specific of Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula indicates that the Strait of Gibraltar has been an A. thaliana migration route between Europe and Africa. Finally, the genetic relationship between Morocco and Asia suggests another migration route connecting north-western Africa and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Brennan
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Belén Méndez-Vigo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdelmajid Haddioui
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - José M Martínez-Zapater
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - F Xavier Picó
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Blanco
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Amraoui F, Tijane M, Sarih M, Failloux AB. Molecular evidence of Culex pipiens form molestus and hybrids pipiens/molestus in Morocco, North Africa. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:83. [PMID: 22541050 PMCID: PMC3409039 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culex pipiens L. is the most widespread mosquito vector in temperate regions including North Africa. Cx. pipiens has two recognized forms or biotypes; pipiens and molestus are morphologically indistinguishable with distinct behavior and physiology that may influence their vectorial status. In our study, we prospected for the different forms of Cx. pipiens in Morocco. METHODS Cx. pipiens larvae were collected in 9 sites throughout Morocco during summer 2010 and reared until imago stage. Cx. pipiens was identified using diagnostic primers designed for the flanking region of microsatellite CQ11. RESULTS We established the presence of both forms of Cx. pipiens and their hybrids in Morocco. CONCLUSIONS Molecular identification provides the first evidence of the presence of Cx. pipiens form molestus in Morocco and hybrids between pipiens and molestus forms in North Africa. The epidemiological implications of our findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadila Amraoui
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca, 20360, Morocco
- Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie, 4 avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, BP 1014 RP, Morocco
| | - Mhamed Tijane
- Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie, 4 avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, BP 1014 RP, Morocco
| | - Mhammed Sarih
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca, 20360, Morocco
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75724, France
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De Natale A, Pollio A. A forgotten collection: the Libyan ethnobotanical exhibits (1912-14) by A. Trotter at the Museum O. Comes at the University Federico II in Naples, Italy. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2012; 8:4. [PMID: 22264313 PMCID: PMC3295647 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ethnobotanical Collection from the Libyan territories of the botanist Alessandro Trotter is included in the Oratio Comes Botanical Museum at the Faculty of Agraria at the University Federico II in Naples. Trotter explored different territories of Libya, mainly Tripolitania, between 1912-1924, collecting plant specimens and the drugs most frequently sold in the markets. The Libyan herbarium currently includes over 2300 sheets of mounted and accessioned plants. The drugs, mostly acquired by Trotter from Tripolitanian markets, were identified and packed in 87 paper sheets or boxes. Trotter added ethnobotanical information for each species when available. METHODS A database of the herbarium species and the drugs has been carried out, after a taxonomic update. Nomenclature has been revised according to the African flowering plants database and the World Checklist of selected plant families, and a comparison with currently available ethnopharmacological data from North African has been attempted. RESULTS In this study, ethnopharmacological data related to about 80 species of flowering plants and to 4 lichens are presented. The plants are mainly from Mediterranean or Sub-Saharan habitats and belong to 37 different families; Lamiaceae was the most cited family, with 10 accessions. Generally, the aerial parts of the plants are the most frequently used (28 species), followed by leaves (15 species), flowers and seeds (9 species), fruits (7 species) and hypogean organs (roots, rhizomes, tubers: 5 species). Plants were generally processed in very simple ways: infusion or decoction of the plants were prepared and orally administered or used for topical applications. A wide range of conditions was treated, ranging from mental disorders to skin affections. All the organs of human body are considered, but the pathologies of gastro-intestinal tract, respiratory system and those related to traumatic accidents were the most frequently mentioned. The comparison with the recent ethnopharmacological research in Maghreb and its neighboring countries reveals a high correspondence; almost all the plants cited by Trotter are still used in the folk medicine of at least one of the North African countries, and the therapeutic uses of each plant appear consistent over time. CONCLUSIONS The information collected by Trotter is an important contribution to tracing plant utilization in Libyan folk medicine over the last century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino De Natale
- Department of Soil, Plant, Environmental and Animal Production Sciences, University of Naples (Federico II), Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biological Sciences/Section of Plant Biology, University of Naples (Federico II), Via Foria, 223, 80139 Napoli, Italy
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