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Lin YH, Zhou YN, Liang XG, Jin YK, Xiao ZD, Zhang YJ, Huang C, Hong B, Chen ZY, Zhou SL, Shen S. Exogenous methylglyoxal alleviates drought-induced 'plant diabetes' and leaf senescence in maize. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:1982-1996. [PMID: 38124377 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced leaf senescence is associated with high sugar levels, which bears some resemblance to the syndrome of diabetes in humans; however, the underlying mechanisms of such 'plant diabetes' on carbon imbalance and the corresponding detoxification strategy are not well understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of exogenous methylglyoxal (MG) on 'plant diabetes' in maize plants under drought stress applied via foliar spraying during the grain-filling stage. Exogenous MG delayed leaf senescence and promoted photoassimilation, thereby reducing the yield loss induced by drought by 14%. Transcriptome and metabolite analyses revealed that drought increased sugar accumulation in leaves through inhibition of sugar transporters that facilitate phloem loading. This led to disequilibrium of glycolysis and overaccumulation of endogenous MG. Application of exogenous MG up-regulated glycolytic flux and the glyoxalase system that catabolyses endogenous MG and glycation end-products, ultimately alleviating 'plant diabetes'. In addition, the expression of genes facilitating anabolism and catabolism of trehalose-6-phosphate was promoted and suppressed by drought, respectively, and exogenous MG reversed this effect, implying that trehalose-6-phosphate signaling in the mediation of 'plant diabetes'. Furthermore, exogenous MG activated the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, promoting the production of lignin and phenolic compounds, which are associated with drought tolerance. Overall, our findings indicate that exogenous MG activates defense-related pathways to alleviate the toxicity derived from 'plant diabetes', thereby helping to maintain leaf function and yield production under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ya-Ning Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Gui Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Ka Jin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zu-Dong Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Hong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao 061802, China
| | - Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao 061802, China
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Kamali S, Javadmanesh A, Stelinski LL, Kyndt T, Seifi A, Cheniany M, Zaki-Aghl M, Hosseini M, Heydarpour M, Asili J, Karimi J. Beneficial worm allies warn plants of parasite attack below-ground and reduce above-ground herbivore preference and performance. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:691-712. [PMID: 34706125 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antagonistic interactions among different functional guilds of nematodes have been recognized for quite some time, but the underlying explanatory mechanisms are unclear. We investigated responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to two functional guilds of nematodes-plant parasite (Meloidogyne javanica) and entomopathogens (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae below-ground, and S. carpocapsae)-as well as a leaf mining insect (Tuta absoluta) above-ground. Our results indicate that entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs): (1) reduced root knot nematode (RKN) infestation below-ground, (2) reduced herbivore (T. absoluta) host preference and performance above-ground, and (3) induced overlapping plant defence responses by rapidly activating polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activity in roots, but simultaneously suppressing this activity in above-ground tissues. Concurrently, we investigated potential plant signalling mechanisms underlying these interactions using transcriptome analyses. We found that both entomopathogens and plant parasites triggered immune responses in plant roots with shared gene expression. Secondary metabolite transcripts induced in response to the two nematode functional guilds were generally overlapping and showed an analogous profile of regulation. Likewise, we show that EPNs modulate plant defence against RKN invasion, in part, by suppressing active expression of antioxidant enzymes. Inoculations of roots with EPN triggered an immune response in tomato via upregulated phenylpropanoid metabolism and synthesis of protease inhibitors in plant tissues, which may explain decreased egg laying and developmental performance exhibited by herbivores on EPN-inoculated plants. Furthermore, changes induced in the volatile organic compound-related transcriptome indicated that M. javanica and/or S. carpocapsae inoculation of plants triggered both direct and indirect defences. Our results support the hypothesis that plants "mistake" subterranean EPNs for parasites, and these otherwise beneficial worms activate a battery of plant defences associated with systemic acquired resistance and/or induced systemic resistance with concomitant antagonistic effects on temporally co-occurring subterranean plant pathogenic nematodes and terrestrial herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Kamali
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Javadmanesh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alireza Seifi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monireh Cheniany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zaki-Aghl
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hosseini
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahyar Heydarpour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Karimi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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