Ameliorative effects of vitamin B17 on the kidney against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma induced renal toxicity in mice

Cancer is the major cause of death and many factors that lead to its occurrences, such as environmental pollution and pesticides and other factors. Ehrlich carcinoma development depends on many things associated with the environment, nutrition, personal habits, and family history. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of vitamin B17 (VB17) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) that induced kidney toxicity in female mice. The mice were divided into five groups (first group, control group; second group, VB17 group; third group, EAC group; fourth group, pretreated EAC with VB17; fifth group, cotreated EAC with VB17). Results showed the VB17 in pretreated (G4) and cotreated (G5) groups lead to an improvement in DNA damage and cytological examination, in addition significantly (P < .05) increase in Na⁺ , red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration, whereas significantly (P < .05) decrease in urea, creatinine, K⁺ , platelets, and white blood cells while insignificant (P < .05) changes in mean corpuscular volume when compared to the EAC group. Many histopathological changes were observed in kidney sections in EAC as marked damage and degenerated, glomerular atrophy, the Malpighian corpuscles that lost their characteristic configuration. On the other hand, a moderate improvement and arrangement in the kidney histological structure in pretreated VB17 + EAC, while a mild enhancement and arrangement of the kidney structure in cotreated EAC + VB17. In addition, depletion in renal P53 and PCNA protein expression compared with the EAC group. It could be concluded that VB17 has a potential renal protective effect against EAC cells induced kidney injury.

ERCC6L promotes cell growth and invasion in human colorectal cancer

Excision repair cross-complementation group 6 like (ERCC6L), a recently discovered DNA helicase, has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in a variety of human cancer types. However, the precise role of ERCC6L in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of ERCC6L in the development and progression of CRC. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of ERCC6L in 30 matched pairs of CRC and adjacent noncancerous tissues. The function of ERCC6L in cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, invasion and colony formation was examined in CRC cell lines. ERCC6L was revealed to be highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines compared with normal controls (P<0.05). The expression level of ERCC6L was significantly associated with tumor size (P<0.05), but not with other clinical features, including age, gender, differentiation and clinical stage. It was identified that reducing ERCC6L expression using small interfering RNA significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony-forming ability of CRC cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that ERCC6L knockdown in CRC cells inhibited cell cycle progression and increased the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase without affecting apoptosis. Furthermore, ERCC6L knockdown markedly decreased the number of invading CRC cells compared with control cells. These results suggest that ERCC6L promotes the growth and invasion of CRC cells, and ERCC6L may be a potential new target for cancer therapy.

Differences in the structural features of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and low-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma

Aim

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) is a small glandular proliferation that has histological similarities with Gleason grade 1 and 2 prostatic adenocarcinoma (PACG1,2). There are no distinct histomorphological criteria distinguishing these two lesions from each other and other small glandular proliferations. Because treatment approaches are different for these lesions, it is necessary to determine histological criteria. The aim of this study is to review the histological features of these two lesions and to define new histological criteria distinguishing AAH from PACG1,2. We, therefore, assessed 18 anatomical and structural parameters.

Materials and Methods

We found 11 AAH (22 foci) and 15 PACG1,2 (22 foci) cases in 105 radical prostatectomy specimens. Basal cell-specific antikeratin was applied to these lesions. We assumed that PACG1,2 lesions did have not basal cells and we grouped the lesions as AAH and PACG1,2 based on this assumption.

Results

We found differences between AAH and PACG1,2 lesions for some parameters including the number of glands, structures such as the main ductus and basal cells. We found similar properties in the two lesions for the following parameters: localization, multiplicity, diameter of the lesion, focus asymmetry, distance between glands, inflammatory cells in and out of the lesions, secretory cell shape on the luminal side, papillary projection towards the luminal side of gland, the shape of the outer gland, the infiltrative pattern of the gland, glandular pleomorphism, biggest gland diameter and median gland diameter.

Conclusion

We determined that concurrent evaluation of histomorphological features was important to differentiate between AAH and PACG1,2.