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Donnelley M, Lagerquist L, Cmielewski P, Reyne N, Morgan K, Parsons D. Noncontact Respiratory Motion Detection in Anesthetized Rodents. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2023; 62:559-568. [PMID: 37816589 PMCID: PMC10772912 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Small animal physiology studies are often complicated, but the level of complexity is greatly increased when performing live-animal X-ray imaging studies at synchrotron radiation facilities. This is because these facilities are typically not designed specifically for biomedical research, and the animals and image detectors are located away from the researchers in a radiation enclosure. In respiratory X-ray imaging studies one challenge is the detection of respiration in free-breathing anaesthetised rodents, to enable images to be acquired at specific phases of the breath and for detecting changes in respiratory rate. We have previously used a Philtec RC60 sensor interfaced to a PowerLab data acquisition system and custom-designed timing hub to perform this task. Here we evaluated the Panasonic HL-G108 for respiratory sensing. The performance of the two sensors for accurate and reliable breath detection was directly compared using a single anesthetized rat. We also assessed how an infrared heat lamp used to maintain body temperature affected sensor performance. Based on positive results from these comparisons, the HL-G108 sensor was then used for respiratory motion detection in tracheal X-ray imaging studies of 21 rats at the SPring-8 Synchrotron, including its use for gated image acquisition. The results of that test were compared to a similar imaging study that used the RC60 for respiratory detection in 19 rats. Finally, the HL-G108 sensor was tested on 5 mice to determine its effectiveness on smaller species. The results showed that the HL-G108 is much more robust and easier to configure than the RC60 sensor and produces an analog signal that is amenable to stable peak detection. Furthermore, gated image acquisition produced sequences with substantially reduced motion artefacts, enabling the additional benefit of reduced radiation dose through the application of shuttering. Finally, the mouse experiments showed that the HL-G108 is equally capable of detecting respiration in this smaller species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Lina Lagerquist
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA, 5042, Australia; and
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Nikki Reyne
- Robinson Research Institute
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Kaye Morgan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
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Besselsen DG, Romero-Aleshire MJ, Munger SJ, Marcus EC, Henderson KS, Wagner AM. Embryo transfer rederivation of C.B-17/Icr-Prkdc(scid) mice experimentally infected with mouse parvovirus 1. Comp Med 2008; 58:353-359. [PMID: 18724777 PMCID: PMC2706037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We determined whether embryos derived from C.B-17/Icr-Prkdc(scid) (SCID) mice infected with mouse parvovirus (MPV) 1b and mated to MPV-naive B6C3F1 mice would transmit virus to naive recipient female mice and rederived progeny. Viral DNA was detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in lymphoid tissues, gonad, sperm, and feces of all MPV1b-inoculated SCID mice. Viral DNA was detected in 1 of 16 aliquots of embryos from infected male SCID mice and in 12 of 18 aliquots of embryos from infected female SCID mice. All recipient female mice implanted with embryos from infected SCID male mice and their progeny were negative by serology and qPCR. In contrast, 3 of 5 recipient female mice implanted with embryos from infected SCID female mice and 14 of 15 progeny mice from these recipients were seropositive by multiplex fluorescent immunoassay (MFI) for MPV capsid antigen (rVP2). All of these mice were negative by MFI for parvovirus nonstructural protein antigen (rNS1) and by qPCR, with the exception of 1 recipient female mouse that displayed weak rNS1 seroreactivity and low levels of MPV DNA in lymphoid tissues. Seroreactivity to rVP2 declined over time in all progeny mice from infected SCID female mice until all were seronegative by 20 wk of age, consistent with maternal antibody transfer. Given that the high levels of MPV contamination detected in our experimentally infected SCID mice are unlikely in naturally infected immunocompetent mice, these data indicate that embryo transfer rederivation is effective for the eradication of MPV from infected colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Besselsen
- Department of University Animal Care, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Besselsen DG, Myers EL, Franklin CL, Korte SW, Wagner AM, Henderson KS, Weigler BJ. Transmission probabilities of mouse parvovirus 1 to sentinel mice chronically exposed to serial dilutions of contaminated bedding. Comp Med 2008; 58:140-144. [PMID: 18524171 PMCID: PMC2703174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent serodetection of mouse parvovirus (MPV) infections in animal facilities occurs frequently when soiled bedding sentinel mouse monitoring systems are used. We evaluated induction of seroconversion in naïve single-caged weanling ICR mice (n = 10 per group) maintained on 5-fold serially diluted contaminated bedding obtained from SCID mice persistently shedding MPV1e. Soiled bedding from the infected SCID mice was collected, diluted, and redistributed weekly to cages housing ICR mice to represent chronic exposure to MPV at varying prevalence in a research colony. Sera was collected every other week for 12 wk and evaluated for reactivity to MPV nonstructural and capsid antigens by multiplex fluorescent immunoassay. Mice were euthanized after seroconversion, and DNA extracted from lymph node and spleen was evaluated by quantitative PCR. Cumulative incidence of MPV infection for each of the 7 soiled bedding dilution groups (range, 1:5 to 1:78125 [v/v]) was 100%, 100%, 90%, 20%, 70%, 60%, and 20%, respectively. Most seropositive mice (78%) converted within the first 2 to 3 wk of soiled bedding exposure, correlating to viral exposure when mice were 4 to 7 wk of age. Viral DNA was detected in lymphoid tissues collected from all mice that were seropositive to VP2 capsid antigen, whereas viral DNA was not detected in lymphoid tissue of seronegative mice. These data indicate seroconversion occurs consistently in young mice exposed to high doses of virus equivalent to fecal MPV loads observed in acutely infected mice, whereas seroconversion is inconsistent in mice chronically exposed to lower doses of virus.
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Nuno-Gonzalez P, Chao H, Oka K. Targeting site-specific chromosome integration. Acta Biochim Pol 2005; 52:285-91. [PMID: 15940345 PMCID: PMC1360607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Revised: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The concept of gene therapy was introduced with great promise and high expectations. However, what appeared simple in theory has not translated into practice. Despite some success in clinical trials, the research community is still facing an old problem: namely, the need for a vector that can deliver a gene to target cells without adverse events while maintaining a long-term therapeutic effect. Some of these challenges are being addressed by the development of hybrid vectors which meld two different viral systems to incorporate efficient gene delivery and large cloning capacity with site-specific integration. The two known systems that integrate genes into specific sites in mammalian genomes are the adeno-associated virus and phage integrases. Recent experiments with hybrid vectors incorporating both of these systems are encouraging. However, extensive research should be directed towards the safety and efficacy of this approach before it will be available for gene therapy.
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Key Words
- gene therapy
- viral vector
- hybrid vector
- helper-dependent adenovirus
- adeno-associated virus
- phage c31 integrase
- ad, adenovirus
- ada, adenosine deaminase
- aav, adeno-associated virus
- ef-1, elongation factor-1
- hdad, helper-dependent adenovirus
- egfp, enhanced green fluorescence protein
- hsv, herpes simplex virus
- itr, inverted terminal repeat
- ltr, long-terminal repeat
- p5iee, p5 integration efficiency element
- reb, rep binding element
- scid, severe combined immunodeficiency
- scid-xl, x-linked severe combined immunodeficiency
- trs, terminal resolution site
- vsv-g, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsu Chao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Kazuhiro Oka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Department of Medicine; and
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- § e-mail:
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