1
|
Kawashima A, Yanagawa Y, Shimogawara R, Yagita K, Gatanaga H, Watanabe K. Amebiasis as a sexually transmitted infection: A re-emerging health problem in developed countries. Glob Health Med 2023; 5:319-327. [PMID: 38162428 PMCID: PMC10730925 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Amebiasis, which is caused by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), is the second leading cause of parasite-related death worldwide. It manifests from asymptomatic carriers to severe clinical conditions, like colitis and liver abscesses. Amebiasis is commonly seen in developing countries, where water and food are easily contaminated by feces because of the poor sanitation. However, a recently challenge in many developed countries is the increase in domestic cases of invasive amebiasis as a sexually transmitted infection (STI amebiasis). In contrast to food-/ waterborne transmission of E. histolytica in developing countries, transmission of STI amebiasis occurs directly through human-to-human sexual contact (e.g., men who have sex with men and people who engage in oral-anal sex); in this setting, asymptomatic infected individuals are the main reservoir of E. histolytica. The Development of screening methods for the early diagnosis of asymptomatic E. histolytica infection is the key to epidemiologic control. Moreover, delay in diagnosis of severe cases (e.g., fulminant amebiasis) leads to death even in developed countries. It is also important to increase clinical awareness of domestically transmitted STI amebiasis in the clinical settings. This review considers the changing epidemiology and clinical manifestations of STI amebiasis, and finally discusses the future strategies for the better practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawashima
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- The Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Campus, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Yanagawa
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rieko Shimogawara
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Yagita
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- The Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Campus, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Watanabe
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- The Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Campus, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Ling C, Qian Z, Yin J, Tang Q, Zhang X, Shi Y, Feng B, Ding J, Yang Q. Clinical analysis and methodological evaluation of syphilis infection in patients in a first-class tertiary hospital in Suzhou, China. Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 12:74-80. [PMID: 38022871 PMCID: PMC10658164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of patients with syphilis in a first-class tertiary hospital and to evaluate the coincidence rate between chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA). METHODS The medical records of 247,501 outpatients and inpatients were retrospectively analyzed. TPPA was used to verify positive and suspected cases, and the coincidence rate between CLIA and TPPA was evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine optimal diagnostic thresholds. RESULTS Of the 247,501 serum samples, 5,173 were detected positive for syphilis using CLIA, with a detection rate of 2.09% and a men-to-women ratio of 1.39. The chi-square test showed that sex and age were both factors that affected the detection rate (χ2=229.51, P < 0.0001). In addition, urology, orthopedics, cardiology, general surgery, gastroenterology, and gynecology represented the top six departments with the highest numbers of positive cases. Comparative analysis showed that the overall coincidence rate between CLIA and TPPA was 80.24%. Analysis of the ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.936 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.929-0.942, P < 0.0001) using sample/cut-off value (S/CO) as a diagnostic indicator. The results showed that an S/CO value of 3.945 was the best diagnostic value for the CLIA method, with a diagnostic specificity of 93.64% and a sensitivity of 81.90%. CONCLUSIONS Syphilis is widely distributed in various hospital departments and primarily affects middle-aged and older individuals. For cases that have been initially screened as positive or suspicious, TPPA and other tests should be used for verification to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongping Qian
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingping Yin
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqin Tang
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ximeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinjuan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kitamura A, Toriyabe K, Hagimoto-Akasaka M, Hamasaki-Shimada K, Ikejiri M, Minematsu T, Suga S, Kondo E, Kihira M, Morikawa F, Ikeda T. Revision of Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody Titer Cutoff in a Maternal Antibody Screening Program in Japan: A Cohort Comparison Involving a Total of 32,000 Pregnant Women. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040962. [PMID: 37112942 PMCID: PMC10143041 DOI: 10.3390/v15040962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with congenital infections. We aimed to validate the revised CMV immunoglobulin (Ig) M titer cutoff for IgG avidity measurements as a reflex test in maternal screening to identify women with primary CMV infection and newborn congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). We screened maternal CMV antibodies (the Denka assay) in Japan, from 2017 to 2019, using a revised IgM cutoff (≥4.00 index). Participants were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies, and for IgG avidity if IgM levels exceeded the cutoff. We compared these with corresponding results from 2013 to 2017 based on the original cutoff (≥1.21) and recalculated using the revised cutoff. Newborn urine CMV DNA tests were performed for women with low avidity (≤35.0%). Among 12,832 women screened in 2017-2019, 127 (1.0%) had IgM above the revised cutoff. Thirty-five exhibited low avidity, and seven infants developed cCMV. Of 19,435 women screened in 2013-2017, 184 (1.0%) had IgM above the revised cutoff, 67 had low avidity, and 1 had cCMV. The 2017-2019 results were not significantly different from the 2013-2017 results. The revised IgM cutoff improves maternal screening in identifying primary infection and newborn cCMV; however, further study related to other assays than Denka is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asa Kitamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Toriyabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Hagimoto-Akasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hamasaki-Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurashiki Medical Center, Okayama 710-8522, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikejiri
- Clinical Laboratory, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Minematsu
- Research Center for Disease Control, Aisenkai Nichinan Hospital, Miyazaki 887-0034, Japan
| | - Shigeru Suga
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kihira
- Mie Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Morikawa
- Mie Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Majsiak E, Cukrowska B, Choina M, Bielawski K, Cielecka-Kuszyk J, Konopka E, Wysokiński M, Bierła JB. Evaluation of the Usefulness of a Serological Test for Diagnosis of Celiac Disease Simultaneously Detecting Specific Antibodies and Total IgA. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010202. [PMID: 36615859 PMCID: PMC9823504 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) at the first diagnostic step requires the detection of specific class A antibodies to tissue transglutaminase type-2 (TG2 IgA) and the measurement of total immunoglobulin A (tIgA) to exclude IgA deficiency. The aim of the study was to evaluate the new quantitative immunoassay panel allowing for the detection of celiac-specific antibodies with the simultaneous determination of tIgA from the same sample of blood at one time. This retrospective study included 104 pediatric patients divided into groups with recognized CD and IgA deficiency (n = 20; 19%), immunocompetent children with CD (n = 28; 27%), children with IgA deficiency and without CD (n = 28; 27%), and the control group of immunocompetent children without CD (n = 28; 27%). Intestinal biopsy with histopathological evaluation (except five patients with CD who were diagnosed without biopsy) and measurement of reference celiac specific antibodies were performed in all children. Multiparametric quantitative immunoassay Polycheck® Celiac IgA plus total IgA test was used to evaluate its usefulness in CD screening and IgA deficiency diagnosis. The statistical analysis showed the high sensitivity and specificity of both TG2 IgA and tIgA on the multiparametric panel (sensitivity 96% and 100%; specificity 100% and 79%, respectively). The accuracy and area under the ROC curve for tIgA were 0.904 and 0.955, while for TG2 IgA they were 0.982 and 1.000, respectively. Although the sensitivity of IgA antibodies against deaminated gliadin peptides was low (20%), the specificity reached 100%. The study showed that Polycheck® Celiac IgA plus total IgA test is a specific and sensitive tool for simultaneous serological CD screening and recognition of IgA deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Majsiak
- Department of Health Promotion, Chair of Nursing Development, Faculty Health of Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-67-00
| | - Bożena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Choina
- Polish-Ukrainian Foundation of Medicine Development, Nałęczowska 14, 20-701 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kornel Bielawski
- Polish-Ukrainian Foundation of Medicine Development, Nałęczowska 14, 20-701 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Cielecka-Kuszyk
- Department of Pathomorphology, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Konopka
- Department of Pathomorphology, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Wysokiński
- Department of Basic Nursing, Chair of Development in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Beata Bierła
- Department of Pathomorphology, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dos Santos EF, Silva ÂAO, Freitas NEM, Leony LM, Daltro RT, Santos CADST, de Almeida MDCC, de Araújo FLV, Celedon PAF, Krieger MA, Zanchin NIT, Dos Reis MG, Santos FLN. Performance of Chimeric Trypanosoma cruzi Antigens in Serological Screening for Chagas Disease in Blood Banks. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:852864. [PMID: 35330587 PMCID: PMC8940225 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.852864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is among the top 10 causes of inability to blood donation. Blood donation centers screen for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies using highly sensitive immunoenzymatic (ELISA) or chemiluminescent methods, which can lead to false positive results. Since positive samples cannot be used, to avoid the loss of valuable blood donations, it is necessary to improve specificity without reducing the sensitivity of the tests used for blood screening. For this purpose, our group has developed four chimeric proteins (IBMP-8.1, IBMP-8.2, IBMP-8.3, and IBMP-8.4) that have been evaluated in phase I and II studies with high performance and low cross-reactivity rates. The study included a panel of 5,014 serum samples collected from volunteer blood donors at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of the State of Bahia (Brazil). They were subjected to the detection of anti-T. cruzi antibodies, using all four IBMP antigens individually and latent class analysis (LCA) as a reference test, since there is no gold standard test for this purpose. Considering the sample size analyzed, LCA classified 4,993 (99.6%) samples as T. cruzi-negative and 21 (0.42%) as T. cruzi-positive. Sensitivity values ranged from 85.71% for IBMP-8.1 and 90.48% for IBMP-8.2–95.24% for IBMP-8.3 and 100% for IBMP-8.4, while specificity ranged from 99.98% for IBMP-8.3 and IBMP-8.4–100% for IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.2. Accuracy values ranged from 99.4 to 99.98%. The pretest probability for the molecules was 0.42, whereas the positive posttest probability ranged from 95.24 to 99.95% and the negative posttest probability ranged from 0.00001 to 0.0006% for all antigens. The higher odds ratio diagnosis was found for IBMP-8.4, which has been shown to be a safe single antigen for serological screening of CD in blood samples. The use of chimeric IBMP antigens is an alternative to reduce the number of bags discarded due to false-positive results. These molecules have high diagnostic performance and were shown to be suitable for use in screening CD in blood banks, isolated (IBMP-8.4) or in combination; and their use in blood banks could significantly reduce unnecessary disposal of blood bags or the risk of T. cruzi transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ferreira Dos Santos
- Advanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Bahia (FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva
- Advanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Bahia (FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Natália Erdens Maron Freitas
- Advanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Bahia (FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maia Leony
- Advanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Bahia (FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ramona Tavares Daltro
- Advanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Bahia (FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antônio de Souza Teles Santos
- Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Bahia (FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Trypanosomatids, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Paraná (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Krieger
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Paraná (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease From Fiocruz (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Rio de Janeiro (FIOCRUZ-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin
- Structural Biology and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Paraná (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Dos Reis
- Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease From Fiocruz (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Rio de Janeiro (FIOCRUZ-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Bahia (FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fred Luciano Neves Santos
- Advanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Bahia (FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease From Fiocruz (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Rio de Janeiro (FIOCRUZ-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Seror V, Leruez-Ville M, Ӧzek A, Ville Y. Leaning towards Cytomegalovirus serological screening in pregnancy to prevent congenital infection: a cost-effectiveness perspective. BJOG 2021; 129:301-312. [PMID: 34651405 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness of prenatal detection of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) following maternal primary infection in the first trimester within standard pregnancy follow-up or involving population-based screening (serological testing at 7 and 12 weeks of gestation), with or without secondary prevention (valaciclovir) in maternal CMV primary infection. DESIGN Cost-effectiveness study from the perspective of the French national health insurance system. SETTING Cost-effectiveness based on previously published probability estimates and associated plausible ranges hypothetical population of 1,000,000 pregnant women. POPULATION Hypothetical population of 1,000,000 pregnant women. METHODS Cost-effectiveness of detecting fetal cCMV in terms of the total direct medical costs involved and associated expected outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Detection rates and clinical outcomes at birth. RESULTS Moving to a population-based approach for targeting fetal CMV infections would generate high monetary and organizational costs while increasing detection rates from 15% to 94%. This resource allocation would help implementing horizontal equity according to which individuals with similar medical needs should be treated equally. Secondary prevention with valaciclovir had a significant effect on maternal-fetal CMV transmission and clinical outcomes in newborns, with a 58% decrease of severely infected newborns for a 3.5% additional total costs. Accounting for women decision-making (amniocentesis uptake and termination of pregnancy in severe cases) did not impact the cost-effectiveness results. CONCLUSIONS These findings could fuel thinking on the opportunity of developing clinical guidelines to rule identification of cCMV infection and administration of in-utero treatment. These findings could fuel the development of clinical guidelines on the identification of congenital CMV infection and the administration of treatment in utero. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT CMV serological screening followed by valaciclovir prevention may prevent 58% to 71% of severe cCMV cases for 38 € per pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Seror
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalier Universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - M Leruez-Ville
- Virology Laboratory, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, National Reference Centre for Herpesviridae, Paris, France.,EA7328, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Ӧzek
- EA7328, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Maternity, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Y Ville
- EA7328, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Maternity, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Silgado A, Gual-Gonzalez L, Sánchez-Montalvá A, Oliveira-Souto I, Goterris L, Serre-Delcor N, Esperalba J, Gomez-I-Prat J, Fernández-Naval C, Molina I, Pumarola T, Sulleiro E. Analytical Evaluation of Dried Blood Spot and Rapid Diagnostic Test as a New Strategy for Serological Community Screening for Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:736630. [PMID: 34604116 PMCID: PMC8479190 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.736630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is a public health problem not only in Latin America, but also in other regions, including Spain, due to migration movements. Conventional serological diagnosis requires an invasive sample (plasma or serum) and a well-equipped laboratory. To circumvent those limitations, blood samples dried on filter paper (DBS) or Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) could be a practical alternative to reference protocol for serological screening in epidemiological studies. We evaluated the usefulness of dried blood sampling and a rapid diagnostic test (Trypanosoma Detect™) for the detection of antibodies against T. cruzi for their use in community-based screening. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 162 stored paired whole-blood and serum samples from Latin American migrants and 25 negative-control blood samples were included. Diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease was performed in serum according to WHO algorithms. Blood samples were retrospectively collected as dried spots and then analyzed using two different serological techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (E-CLIA). Whole-blood samples were also used to evaluate a rapid diagnostic test based on immunochromatography. A better correlation with conventional serum was observed in dried blood elutes using E-CLIA than ELISA (97% vs. 77% sensitivity, respectively). Both assays reported 100% specificity. The median cut-off index values of E-CLIA for dried blood were significantly lower than those for serum (138.1 vs. 243.3, P<0.05). The Trypanosoma Detect™ test presented a sensitivity and specificity of 89.6% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions The detection of antibodies against T. cruzi in dried blood samples shows a higher sensitivity when using E-CLIA compared with ELISA. Trypanosoma Detect™ is easier to use but has a lower sensitivity. Hence, we propose a sequential strategy based on performing the rapid test first, and a negative result will be confirmed by DBS-ECLIA for use in community Chagas disease screening programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Silgado
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Gual-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Oliveira-Souto
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Goterris
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Serre-Delcor
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Esperalba
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gomez-I-Prat
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Candela Fernández-Naval
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomas Pumarola
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sulleiro
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Santos EF, Leony LM, Silva ÂAO, Daltro RT, Freitas NEM, Vasconcelos LCM, de Araújo FLV, Celedon PAF, Krieger MA, Zanchin NIT, Santos FLN. Assessment of Liaison XL Murex Chagas diagnostic performance in blood screening for Chagas disease using a reference array of chimeric antigens. Transfusion 2021; 61:2701-2709. [PMID: 34240750 PMCID: PMC9292309 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Chagas disease (CD) serological screening at blood banks is usually performed by a single highly sensitive serological assay, with chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs) being the method of choice. CLIAs employ recombinant, fusion peptides and/or chimeric antigens that selectively capture anti‐Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies. However, despite high sensitivity, the ability of these tests to identify CD‐positive cases should be evaluated against T. cruzi strains circulating in specific locales. Herein, we used a latent class analysis (LCA) approach employing an array of four chimeric antigens to assess the diagnostic performance of the Liaison XL Murex Chagas CLIA for the detection of anti‐T. cruzi IgG in serum samples. Study Design and Methods The study included a panel of 5014 serum samples collected from volunteer blood donors at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of the State of Bahia, submitted to anti‐T. cruzi antibody detection using Liaison Chagas CLIA and LCA as a reference test in the absence of a gold standard. Results LCA classified 4993 samples as negative, while positivity for T. cruzi antibodies was predicted in 21 samples. Compared with LCA, CLIA demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 76.2% and 99.5%, respectively, providing an overall accuracy of 99.4%. Discussion In blood banks lacking a de facto highly sensitive screening immunoassay, the low sensitivity offered by Liaison Chagas CLIA renders it unsuitable for standalone use in serological screening procedures for CD. Moreover, blood banks are encouraged to carefully assess the ability of diagnostic methods to identify local T. cruzi strains in circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (FIOCRUZ/BA), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Leony
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (FIOCRUZ/BA), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ângelo A O Silva
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (FIOCRUZ/BA), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ramona T Daltro
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (FIOCRUZ/BA), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natália E M Freitas
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (FIOCRUZ/BA), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Larissa C M Vasconcelos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (FIOCRUZ/BA), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fernando L V de Araújo
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of the State of Bahia (HEMOBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paola A F Celedon
- Molecular Biology Institute of Paraná (IBMP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marco A Krieger
- Molecular Biology Institute of Paraná (IBMP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Carlos Chagas Institute (Fiocruz/PR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nilson I T Zanchin
- Carlos Chagas Institute (Fiocruz/PR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fred L N Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (FIOCRUZ/BA), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Y, Du Y, Zhang B, Wang L. Integrating multiple of the median values of serological markers with the risk cut-off value in Down syndrome screening. Biosci Trends 2019; 12:613-619. [PMID: 30674761 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To assess the predictive value of integrating multiple of the median (MOM) with the risk cut-off value for serological screening of Down syndrome. In this retrospective study, women with singleton pregnancies who underwent triple serological screening for Down syndrome were followed, and their screening results and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The range of MoM value of each indicator was calculated, different protocols integrating various MoM values with the risk cut-off value were compared. A total of 120,269 women with singleton pregnancy were screened and included in the analysis, of those 52 fetuses were confirmed as trisomy-21 by amniocentesis chromosomal karyotyping. Using a risk cut-off value of 1:380, 8,809 samples tested positive and the screen positive rate was 7.32% (8,809/120,269). The normal reference ranges (5-95%) of the MoM value of AFP, β-hCG, and uE3 were 0.60-1.72, 0.43-2.21 and 0.60-1.58, respectively. The detection rate of each screening protocol integrating different MoM percentile values was between 75% and 79%, the positive rate was between 7% and 18%, and the false positive rate was between 7% and 18%. Protocol-6 which combined the screening risk cut-off value and β-hCG MoM ≥ 97.5% percentile is an optimal protocol with a relatively high detection rate (78.8%) and low false positive rate (8.2%). Integrating MoM values of serological indicators can appropriately increase detection rate when interpreting the results of Down syndrome screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Yan Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
| | - Bin Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases.,Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wetscher M, Hackländer K, Faber V, Taylor N, Auer H, Duscher GG. Hunting Poses Only a Low Risk for Alveolar Echinococcosis. Front Public Health 2019; 7:7. [PMID: 30761283 PMCID: PMC6361863 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Austrian province of Tyrol belongs to the areas where the alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) is highly endemic. In Central Europe and since 2011 in Austria, a growing incidence of human cases of AE has been observed, presumably linked with increasing fox populations infected by the fox tapeworm E. multilocularis. Hunting and the related activities put hunters in a high-risk group, and they are considered particularly vulnerable for the contraction of an AE. In light of this risk and the increased number of AE cases made public in Austria, the objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of AE in hunters and to provide a possible connection to the incidence increase. In 2015 and 2016, we examined 813 serums of active hunters from all nine districts of Tyrol and serologically tested them for E. multilocularis antibodies. Twenty-one (2.58%) positive results in ELISA were detected via Western blot (WB), and only one (0.12%) serum showed a low positive reaction. No lesion in the liver parenchyma could be detected by abdominal ultrasonography in this patient so far, but the risk of developing alveolar echinococcosis remains for this WB-positive hunter. Risk factor analysis of these 813 hunters revealed that 697 (85.7%) hunted red foxes regularly and 332 (40.8%) of those skinned them as well. Three hundred and eighteen (39.1%) out of the 813 hunters were owners of hunting dogs; 89 (10.9%) and 243 (29.9%) were owners of non-hunting dogs and cats, respectively. Our results indicate that hunters do not have a greater risk of infection with E. multilocularis compared to non-hunters in Austria. The cause of the unexpected increase in AE cases in Austria remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wetscher
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Hackländer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Faber
- Third Medical Department with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumathology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ninon Taylor
- Third Medical Department with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumathology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Auer
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg G Duscher
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chatterjee M, Hurley LC, Levin NK, Stack M, Tainsky MA. Utility of paraneoplastic antigens as biomarkers for surveillance and prediction of recurrence in ovarian cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:369-387. [PMID: 29125478 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and 70% of patients experience recurrence months to years from initial diagnosis. The expression of paraneoplastic antigens can result in the occurrence of onconeural autoantibodies in ovarian cancer that may be associated with neurological disorders that are clinically manifested in patients before diagnosis of ovarian cancer. These paraneoplastic antigens can serve as excellent biomarkers not only for early detection but also for monitoring ovarian cancer recurrence. OBJECTIVE To assess the immunoreactivity of our previous 3 biomarkers along with 3 paraneoplastic antigens, HARS, Ro52 and CDR2 for the evaluation of their sensitivity in predicting recurrence before the clinical relapse of the ovarian cancer. METHODS Western blot immunoassays were performed to assess the immunoreactivity of 6 antigens with 21 recurrent ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS The results indicated that antibodies to HARS, Ro52, CDR2 and 5H6 antigens predicted ovarian cancer recurrence 5.03 months before the clinical or symptomatic relapse in 21 ovarian cancer patients with a sensitivity of 90.5% when CA125 levels were below the standard cutoff (35 U/ml). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that appearance of onconeural antibodies prior to the rise in CA125 during post treatment surveillance can be a useful diagnostic to predict ovarian cancer recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Laura C Hurley
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nancy K Levin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Matthew Stack
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael A Tainsky
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li T, Guo X, Ji M, Li F, Wang H, Cheng W, Chen H, Ng M, Ge S, Yuan Y, Xia N. Establishment and validation of a two-step screening scheme for improved performance of serological screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1458-1467. [PMID: 29479857 PMCID: PMC5911604 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is one of the most prevalent cancers in southeast China. Most NPC patients are diagnosed at late stage due to inconspicuous symptoms at the early stage, and the prognosis of these patients is poor. The early diagnosis rate of NPC could be significantly increased by serological screening, but the positive predictive value (PPV) is relatively low. A simple two-step serological screening scheme was established to improve the PPV of the screening strategy and was validated by a prospective cohort. Serum antibodies specific for EBNA1, Zta, Thymidine Kinase (TK), EAD, EAR, and VCA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The combination of EBNA1/IgA and VCA/IgA was used in the first step of screening, and anti-early antigens (EAs) were used in the second step of screening. EAD/IgA was the most prominent marker in the second step of screening, and other anti-EAs were complementary to EAD/IgA. As validated by a prospective cohort including 4200 participants, using the combination of EAD/IgA and TK/IgA in the second step decreased the number of high-risk participants from 128 to 27, and increased the PPV from 4.69% to 18.52%, with only one very early-stage case missed. The two-step screening scheme provides a standardized approach for NPC screening with an improved PPV and may be used in future field studies. With this two-step serological screening method, more people benefit from the screening program without increasing the need for fiberoptic endoscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Mingfang Ji
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan CityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Fugui Li
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan CityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Weimin Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan CityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing, Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Munhon Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Yong Yuan
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan CityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evan D Newnham
- Eastern Health, Melbourne.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sommese L, Sabia C, Esposito A, Iannone C, Montesano ML, Napoli C. Comparison of performance of two Treponema pallidum automated chemiluminescent immunoassays in blood donors. Infect Dis (Lond) 2016; 48:483-7. [PMID: 27030921 DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2016.1142674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The recrudescence of syphilis is leading to the development of new serological tests. The goal of this study was to compare the performance of the more recent Elecsys Syphilis assay, the Electro Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA), with the former Architect Syphilis TP assay, the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA), for the detection of antibodies against Treponema pallidum in blood donors. Serum samples of 5543 voluntary blood donors were screened in parallel with two tests. All repeatedly reactive (RR) samples by one or both assays were further analysed for confirmation by immmunoblot INNO-LIA and TPHA. Of 32 RR samples by CMIA, 21 were confirmed positive; of 21 RR samples by ECLIA, 20 were confirmed positive. The sensitivities of CMIA and ECLIA were 100% and 95.24% (95% CI = 85.71-100), respectively, not significant (p > 0.05). The specificity and predictive positive value (PPV) of CMIA were 99.86% (95% CI = 99.74-99.94) and 72.41%, respectively, while the specificity and PPV of ECLIA were both 100%, being statistically significant (p = 0.01 for both). The overall agreement was 99.80% and the Cohen's kappa coefficients was 0.79. In conclusion, the recent Elecsys Syphilis assay could represent another reliable assay for blood donor screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sommese
- a U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Chiara Sabia
- a U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonella Esposito
- a U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Carmela Iannone
- a U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Lourdes Montesano
- a U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- a U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy ;,b Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wallander C, Frössling J, Vågsholm I, Uggla A, Lundén A. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Sweden and evaluation of ELISA test performance. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 143:1913-21. [PMID: 25373497 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268814002891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite, infecting a wide range of warm-blooded animals. The Swedish wild boar population is expanding and increased hunting provides its meat to a growing group of consumers. We performed a spatio-temporal investigation of T. gondii seroprevalence in Swedish wild boars. An ELISA was set up and evaluated against a commercial direct agglutination test, using Bayesian latent class analysis. The ELISA sensitivity and specificity were estimated to 79% and 85%, respectively. Of 1327 serum samples, 50% were positive. Thirty-four per cent of young wild boars and 55% of adults were positive (P < 0·001). The total seroprevalence ranged from 72% in 2005 to 38% in 2011 (P < 0·001), suggesting a declining trend. The highest seroprevalence, 65%, was recorded in South Sweden. In other regions it varied from 29% in Stockholm to 46% in East Middle Sweden.
Collapse
|
16
|
Marché S, Van Borm S, Lambrecht B, Houdart P, van den Berg T. Chasing notifiable avian influenza in domestic poultry: a case report of low-pathogenic avian influenza h5 viruses in two Belgian holdings. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 61:526-36. [PMID: 23347839 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In December 2008, bird species in two geographically distant holdings were found positive for H5 viruses following the annual Avian influenza serological screening in Belgium. The virological tests performed identified in one holding a low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus subtype H5N2, and a H5 LPAI virus was identified by real-time PCR and direct sequencing at the second holding. The first farm was an outdoor mixed holding housing ornamental birds and poultry (n = 6000) and the second a free-range geese breeding farm (n = 1500). No clinical signs or mortalities were reported. Control measures defined by Council Directive 2005/94/EC were followed, including notification to the European Commission via the Animal Disease Notification System and to the World Organization for Animal Health, and poultry were killed, while ornamental bird species were quarantined. Partial sequencing of the H5N2 virus haemagglutinin and neuraminidase N2 gene sequences revealed a close homology to some recent LPAI isolates identified from wild birds in Germany and Italy and from wild birds in Eurasia and Africa, respectively. It is noteworthy that, these two holdings were already H5 positive based on HI test results carried out during the previous serological screening; however, no virus was detected at that time. To have a better understanding of the potential 'silent' circulation of the H5N2 isolate in the field, experimental infections of chickens and turkeys were performed. The low excretion detected might in part explain viral persistence not associated with spread between gallinaceous birds in the same holding, indicating that the H5N2 LPAI isolate was not fully adapted to these two poultry species. Our results highlighted limitations to only using serological screening for the early detection of LPAI in an 'at-risk farm', suggesting that virological and serological monitoring tests be applied simultaneously as a means of testing animals in 'at-risk farms'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Marché
- Avian Virology and Immunology Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Syphilis in pregnancy still remains a challenge despite the availability of adequate diagnostic tests for serological screening and penicillin therapy. We report a case of 2 month old female infant who presented with runny nose, papulosquamous lesions over both palms and soles and perianal erosions since 1 month after birth. Cutaneous examination revealed moist eroded areas in the perianal region and fine scaly lesions over palms and soles. Radiograph of both upper limbs and limbs revealed early periosteal changes in lower end of humerus and lower end of tibia. Diagnosis of early pre-natal syphilis was confirmed by Child's Serum Rapid Plasma Reagin Antibody test [S.RPR] being positive with 1:64 dilution while that of mother was 1:8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Rathod
- Department of Dermatology, B. J. Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Coeliac disease, or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, affects 1 in 100-200 people in the UK. The condition, which is exacerbated by wheat, rye, barley and possibly oats, can be treated with a gluten-free diet in which these cereals are omitted. Serological screening, particularly of high-risk groups, with both IgA and IgG based systems can be used to identify cases. Diagnosis depends on the use of a small intestinal biopsy, which reveals the classical changes of loss of the normal villous architecture. Evidence suggests that gluten-sensitive T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Use of in vitro systems has suggested an immunodominant epitope within wheat gliadin, which has been shown to exacerbate the condition in vivo. This information can be used to devise strategies to develop immuno-modulatory peptides and cereals with the baking and nutritional qualities of wheat, rye and barley, but which do not exacerbate the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Ciclitira
- Gastroenterology Unit, The Rayne Institute, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London.
| |
Collapse
|