1
|
Baertsch NA, Phillips RS. How neural networks walk and chew gum. J Physiol 2024; 602:767-768. [PMID: 38340086 DOI: 10.1113/jp286287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Baertsch
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan S Phillips
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bishop M, Weinhold M, Turk AZ, Adeck A, SheikhBahaei S. An open-source tool for automated analysis of breathing behaviors in common marmosets and rodents. eLife 2022; 11:e71647. [PMID: 35049499 PMCID: PMC8856653 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system maintains homeostatic levels of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body through rapid and efficient regulation of breathing frequency and depth (tidal volume). The commonly used methods of analyzing breathing data in behaving experimental animals are usually subjective, laborious, and time-consuming. To overcome these hurdles, we optimized an analysis toolkit for the unsupervised study of respiratory activities in animal subjects. Using this tool, we analyzed breathing behaviors of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World non-human primate model. Using whole-body plethysmography in room air as well as acute hypoxic (10% O2) and hypercapnic (6% CO2) conditions, we describe breathing behaviors in awake, freely behaving marmosets. Our data indicate that marmosets' exposure to acute hypoxia decreased metabolic rate and increased sigh rate. However, the hypoxic condition did not augment ventilation. Hypercapnia, on the other hand, increased both the frequency and depth (i.e., tidal volume) of breathing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Bishop
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, United States
| | - Maximilian Weinhold
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, United States
| | - Ariana Z Turk
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, United States
| | - Afuh Adeck
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, United States
| | - Shahriar SheikhBahaei
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li P, Li SB, Wang X, Phillips CD, Schwarz LA, Luo L, de Lecea L, Krasnow MA. Brain Circuit of Claustrophobia-like Behavior in Mice Identified by Upstream Tracing of Sighing. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107779. [PMID: 32553161 PMCID: PMC8576489 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotions are distinct patterns of behavioral and physiological responses triggered by stimuli that induce different brain states. Elucidating the circuits is difficult because of challenges in interrogating emotional brain states and their complex outputs. Here, we leverage the recent discovery in mice of a neural circuit for sighing, a simple, quantifiable output of various emotions. We show that mouse confinement triggers sighing, and this "claustrophobic" sighing, but not accompanying tachypnea, requires the same medullary neuromedin B (Nmb)-expressing neurons as physiological sighing. Retrograde tracing from the Nmb neurons identified 12 forebrain centers providing presynaptic input, including hypocretin (Hcrt)-expressing lateral hypothalamic neurons. Confinement activates Hcrt neurons, and optogenetic activation induces sighing and tachypnea whereas pharmacologic inhibition suppresses both responses. The effect on sighing is mediated by HCRT directly on Nmbneurons. We propose that this HCRT-NMB neuropeptide relay circuit mediates claustrophobic sighing and that activated Hcrt neurons are a claustrophobia brain state that directly controls claustrophobic outputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Biologic and Materials Sciences and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Shi-Bin Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuenan Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Biologic and Materials Sciences and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chrystian D Phillips
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Biologic and Materials Sciences and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lindsay A Schwarz
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mauri T, Foti G, Fornari C, Grasselli G, Pinciroli R, Lovisari F, Tubiolo D, Volta CA, Spadaro S, Rona R, Rondelli E, Navalesi P, Garofalo E, Knafelj R, Gorjup V, Colombo R, Cortegiani A, Zhou JX, D'Andrea R, Calamai I, Vidal González Á, Roca O, Grieco DL, Jovaisa T, Bampalis D, Becher T, Battaglini D, Ge H, Luz M, Constantin JM, Ranieri M, Guerin C, Mancebo J, Pelosi P, Fumagalli R, Brochard L, Pesenti A. Sigh in Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and ARDS: The PROTECTION Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Chest 2020; 159:1426-1436. [PMID: 33197403 PMCID: PMC7664474 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sigh is a cyclic brief recruitment maneuver: previous physiologic studies showed that its use could be an interesting addition to pressure support ventilation to improve lung elastance, decrease regional heterogeneity, and increase release of surfactant. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the clinical application of sigh during pressure support ventilation (PSV) feasible? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a multicenter noninferiority randomized clinical trial on adult intubated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure or ARDS undergoing PSV. Patients were randomized to the no-sigh group and treated by PSV alone, or to the sigh group, treated by PSV plus sigh (increase in airway pressure to 30 cm H2O for 3 s once per minute) until day 28 or death or successful spontaneous breathing trial. The primary end point of the study was feasibility, assessed as noninferiority (5% tolerance) in the proportion of patients failing assisted ventilation. Secondary outcomes included safety, physiologic parameters in the first week from randomization, 28-day mortality, and ventilator-free days. RESULTS Two-hundred and fifty-eight patients (31% women; median age, 65 [54-75] years) were enrolled. In the sigh group, 23% of patients failed to remain on assisted ventilation vs 30% in the no-sigh group (absolute difference, -7%; 95% CI, -18% to 4%; P = .015 for noninferiority). Adverse events occurred in 12% vs 13% in the sigh vs no-sigh group (P = .852). Oxygenation was improved whereas tidal volume, respiratory rate, and corrected minute ventilation were lower over the first 7 days from randomization in the sigh vs no-sigh group. There was no significant difference in terms of mortality (16% vs 21%; P = .337) and ventilator-free days (22 [7-26] vs 22 [3-25] days; P = .300) for the sigh vs no-sigh group. INTERPRETATION Among hypoxemic intubated ICU patients, application of sigh was feasible and without increased risk. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03201263; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mauri
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Foti
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carla Fornari
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pinciroli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Anesthesia and Critical Care Service 1, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Lovisari
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Service 1, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Tubiolo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Volta
- Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Savino Spadaro
- Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Rona
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Italy
| | - Egle Rondelli
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Padua Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rihard Knafelj
- Center for Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vojka Gorjup
- Center for Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jian-Xin Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rocco D'Andrea
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Transplants, University Hospital St. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Italo Calamai
- AUSL Toscana Centro, Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | | | - Oriol Roca
- Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domenico Luca Grieco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Tomas Jovaisa
- Critical Care Service, Anaesthetics Division, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tobias Becher
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Denise Battaglini
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Huiqing Ge
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mariana Luz
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital da Mulher, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jean-Michel Constantin
- Sorbonne University, GRC 29, AP-HP, DMU DREAM, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marco Ranieri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Transplants, University Hospital St. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claude Guerin
- Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Université de Lyon Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Jordi Mancebo
- Servei de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Fumagalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Anesthesia and Critical Care Service 1, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Laurent Brochard
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio Pesenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iwasaki E, Hirata K, Morikawa K, Nozaki M, Mochizuki N, Hirano S, Wada K. Postnatal physiological changes in electrical activity of the diaphragm in extremely preterm infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:1969-1973. [PMID: 32470214 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe postnatal physiological changes in maximum values of peak electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) in extremely preterm infants during the preterm period. WORKING HYPOTHESIS The amplitude and frequency of neural sigh are different at each postmenstrual age in extremely preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective, observational study. PATIENT-SUBJECT SELECTION Edi values were evaluated in 14 extremely preterm infants with neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist. METHODOLOGY Data of Edi peak and Edi minimum were collected from a ventilator. Edi-sigh was defined as the Edi peak value that was more than twice as large as the median Edi peak at each postmenstrual week in each patient. The frequency of Edi-sigh, and median values of Edi-sigh, Edi peak, and Edi minimum were evaluated at each postmenstrual week. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to analyze the trend between postmenstrual weeks and Edi values. RESULTS From 26 to 35 postmenstrual weeks, the number of Edi-sighs per hour significantly increased as postmenstrual weeks increased (P < .001). Furthermore, the median values of Edi-sigh significantly increased as postmenstrual weeks increased (16.9 µV at 26 weeks to 25.4 µV at 35 weeks, P < .001). There were no significant changes in the median values of Edi peak and Edi minimum at each week. CONCLUSIONS The amplitude and frequency of neural sigh in extremely preterm infants increase with the number of postmenstrual weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Iwasaki
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirata
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazue Morikawa
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nozaki
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Narutaka Mochizuki
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Hirano
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Wada
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Silva ACL, de Matos NA, de Souza ABF, Castro TDF, Cândido LDS, Oliveira MADGS, Costa GDP, Talvani A, Cangussú SD, Bezerra FS. Sigh maneuver protects healthy lungs during mechanical ventilation in adult Wistar rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1404-1413. [PMID: 32640895 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220940995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a tool used for the treatment of patients with acute or chronic respiratory failure. However, MV is a non-physiological resource, and it can cause metabolic disorders such as release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and production of reactive oxygen species. In clinical setting, maneuvers such as sigh, are used to protect the lungs. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of sigh on oxidative stress and lung inflammation in healthy adult Wistar rats submitted to MV. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (CG), mechanical ventilation (MVG), MV set at 20 sighs/h (MVG20), and MV set at 40 sighs/h (MVG40). The MVG, MVG20, and MVG40 were submitted to MV for 1 h. After the protocol, all animals were euthanized and the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lungs were collected for subsequent analysis. In the arterial blood, MVG40 presented higher partial pressure of oxygen and lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide compared to control. The levels of bicarbonate in MVG20 were lower compared to CG. The neutrophil influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher in the MVG compared to CG and MVG40. In the lung parenchyma, the lipid peroxidation was higher in MVG compared to CG, MVG20, and MVG40. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were higher in MVG compared to CG, MVG20, and MVG40. The levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF in the lung homogenate were higher in MVG compared to CG, MVG20, and MVG40. The use of sigh plays a protective role as it reduced redox imbalance and pulmonary inflammation caused by MV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Cristiane Lopes da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Alves de Matos
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro da Silva Cândido
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Michel Angelo das Graças Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation (LABIIN), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation (LABIIN), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Dantas Cangussú
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rodriguez-Torres EE, Paredes-Hernandez U, Vazquez-Mendoza E, Tetlalmatzi-Montiel M, Morgado-Valle C, Beltran-Parrazal L, Villarroel-Flores R. Characterization and Classification of Electrophysiological Signals Represented as Visibility Graphs Using the Maxclique Graph. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:324. [PMID: 32351953 PMCID: PMC7174547 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection, characterization and classification of patterns within time series from electrophysiological signals have been a challenge for neuroscientists due to their complexity and variability. Here, we aimed to use graph theory to characterize and classify waveforms within biological signals using maxcliques as a feature for a deep learning method. We implemented a compact and easy to visualize algorithm and interface in Python. This software uses time series as input. We applied the maxclique graph operator in order to obtain further graph parameters. We extracted features of the time series by processing all graph parameters through K-means, one of the simplest unsupervised machine learning algorithms. As proof of principle, we analyzed integrated electrical activity of XII nerve to identify waveforms. Our results show that the use of maxcliques allows identification of two distinct types of waveforms that match expert classification. We propose that our method can be a useful tool to characterize and classify other electrophysiological signals in a short time and objectively. Reducing the classification time improves efficiency for further analysis in order to compare between treatments or conditions, e.g., pharmacological trials, injuries, or neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulises Paredes-Hernandez
- Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Enrique Vazquez-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Consuelo Morgado-Valle
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Luis Beltran-Parrazal
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villarroel-Flores
- Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Deep breaths are one of three breathing patterns in rodents characterized by an increased tidal volume. While humans incorporate deep breaths into vocal behavior, it was unknown whether nonhuman mammals use deep breaths for vocal production. We have utilized subglottal pressure recordings in awake, spontaneously behaving male Sprague-Dawley rats in five contexts: sleep, rest, noxious stimulation, exposure to a female in estrus, and exposure to an unknown male. Deep breaths were produced at rates ranging between 17.5 and 90.3 deep breaths per hour. While overall breathing and vocal rates were higher in social and noxious contexts, the rate of deep breaths was only increased during the male's interaction with a female. Results also inform our understanding of vocal-respiratory integration in rats. The rate of deep breaths that were associated with a vocalization during the exhalation phase increased with vocal activity. The proportion of deep breaths that were associated with a vocalization (on average 22%) was similar to the proportion of sniffing or eupnea breaths that contain a vocalization. Therefore, vocal motor patterns appear to be entrained to the prevailing breathing rhythm, i.e., vocalization uses the available breathing pattern rather than recruiting a specific breathing pattern. Furthermore, the pattern of a deep breath was different when it was associated with a vocalization, suggesting that motor planning occurs. Finally, deep breaths are a source for acoustic variation; for example, call duration and fundamental frequency modulation were both larger in 22-kHz calls produced following a deep inhalation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The emission of a long, deep, audible breath can express various emotions. The investigation of deep breaths, also known as sighing, in a nonhuman mammal demonstrated the occasional use of deep breaths for vocal production. Similar to the human equivalent, acoustic features of a deep breath vocalization are characteristic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Riede
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Charles Schaefer
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Amy Stein
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The respiratory network of the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), which controls inspiratory behavior, can in normal conditions simultaneously produce two types of inspiration-related rhythmic activities: the eupneic rhythm composed of monophasic, low-amplitude, and relatively high-frequency bursts, interspersed with sigh rhythmic activity, composed of biphasic, high-amplitude, and lower frequency bursts. By combining electrophysiological recordings from transverse brainstem slices with computational modeling, new advances in the mechanisms underlying sigh production have been obtained during prenatal development. The present review summarizes recent findings that establish when sigh rhythmogenesis starts to be produced during embryonic development as well as the cellular, membrane, and synaptic properties required for its expression. Together, the results demonstrate that although generated by the same network, the eupnea and sigh rhythms have different developmental onset times and rely on distinct network properties. Because sighs (also known as augmented breaths) are important in maintaining lung function (by reopening collapsed alveoli), gaining insight into their underlying neural mechanisms at early developmental stages is likely to help in the treatment of prematurely born babies often suffering from breathing deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Thoby-Brisson
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Sighs are thought to play an important role in control of breathing. It is unclear how sighs are triggered, and whether preterm birth and lung disease influence breathing pattern prior to and after a sigh in infants. To assess whether frequency, morphology, size, and short-term variability in tidal volume (VT) before, during, and after a sigh are influenced by gestational age at birth and lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD) in former preterm infants and healthy term controls measured at equivalent postconceptional age (PCA). We performed tidal breathing measurements in 143 infants during quiet natural sleep at a mean (SD) PCA of 44.8 (1.3) weeks. A total of 233 sighs were analyzed using multilevel, multivariable regression. Sigh frequency in preterm infants increased with the degree of prematurity and severity of BPD, but was not different from that of term controls when normalized to respiratory rate. After a sigh, VT decreased remarkably in all infants (paired t-test: P < 0.001). There was no major effect of prematurity or BPD on various indices of sigh morphology and changes in VT prior to or after a sigh. Short-term variability in VT modestly increased with maturity at birth and infants with BPD showed an earlier return to baseline variability in VT following a sigh. In early infancy, sigh-induced changes in breathing pattern are moderately influenced by prematurity and BPD in preterm infants. The major determinants of sigh-related breathing pattern in these infants remain to be investigated, ideally using a longitudinal study design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Jost
- Department of Neonatology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sotirios Fouzas
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Elena Proietti
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edgar W Delgado-Eckert
- Computational Physiology and Biostatistics, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven M Schulzke
- Department of Neonatology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|