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Parveen N, Borrenberghs D, Rocha S, Hendrix J. Single Viruses on the Fluorescence Microscope: Imaging Molecular Mobility, Interactions and Structure Sheds New Light on Viral Replication. Viruses 2018; 10:E250. [PMID: 29748498 PMCID: PMC5977243 DOI: 10.3390/v10050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are simple agents exhibiting complex reproductive mechanisms. Decades of research have provided crucial basic insights, antiviral medication and moderately successful gene therapy trials. The most infectious viral particle is, however, not always the most abundant one in a population, questioning the utility of classic ensemble-averaging virology. Indeed, viral replication is often not particularly efficient, prone to errors or containing parallel routes. Here, we review different single-molecule sensitive fluorescence methods that we employ routinely to investigate viruses. We provide a brief overview of the microscopy hardware needed and discuss the different methods and their application. In particular, we review how we applied (i) single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) to probe the subviral human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) integrase (IN) quaternary structure; (ii) single particle tracking to study interactions of the simian virus 40 with membranes; (iii) 3D confocal microscopy and smFRET to quantify the HIV-1 pre-integration complex content and quaternary structure; (iv) image correlation spectroscopy to quantify the cytosolic HIV-1 Gag assembly, and finally; (v) super-resolution microscopy to characterize the interaction of HIV-1 with tetherin during assembly. We hope this review is an incentive for setting up and applying similar single-virus imaging studies in daily virology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagma Parveen
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Molecular Imaging and Photonics Division, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Doortje Borrenberghs
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Molecular Imaging and Photonics Division, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Susana Rocha
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Molecular Imaging and Photonics Division, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Molecular Imaging and Photonics Division, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Ma Y, He Z, Tan T, Li W, Zhang Z, Song S, Zhang X, Hu Q, Zhou P, Wu Y, Zhang XE, Cui Z. Real-Time Imaging of Single HIV-1 Disassembly with Multicolor Viral Particles. ACS Nano 2016; 10:6273-82. [PMID: 27253587 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Viral disassembly is poorly understood and related to the infection mechanism. However, directly observing the process in living cells remains technically challenging. In this study, the genome RNA, capsid, and matrix protein of the HIV-1 virus were labeled with a Ru(II) complex ([Ru(phen)2(dppz)](2+)), the TC-FlAsH/ReAsH system, and EGFP/ECFP, respectively. Using the multicolored virus and single-particle imaging, we were able to track the sequential disassembly process of single HIV-1 virus particles in live host cells. Approximately 0.1% of viral particles were observed to undergo a sequential disassembly process at 60-120 min post infection. The timing and efficiency of the disassembly were influenced by the cellular factor CypA and reverse transcription. The findings facilitate a better understanding of the processes governing the HIV-1 lifecycle. The multicolor labeling protocol developed in this study may find many applications involving virus-host-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhike He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Microbiology, George Mason University , Manassas, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, PR China
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Wei Q, Qi H, Luo W, Tseng D, Ki SJ, Wan Z, Göröcs Z, Bentolila LA, Wu TT, Sun R, Ozcan A. Fluorescent imaging of single nanoparticles and viruses on a smart phone. ACS Nano 2013; 7:9147-55. [PMID: 24016065 PMCID: PMC3951925 DOI: 10.1021/nn4037706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging of nanoscale objects, whether it is based on scattering or fluorescence, is a challenging task due to reduced detection signal-to-noise ratio and contrast at subwavelength dimensions. Here, we report a field-portable fluorescence microscopy platform installed on a smart phone for imaging of individual nanoparticles as well as viruses using a lightweight and compact opto-mechanical attachment to the existing camera module of the cell phone. This hand-held fluorescent imaging device utilizes (i) a compact 450 nm laser diode that creates oblique excitation on the sample plane with an incidence angle of ~75°, (ii) a long-pass thin-film interference filter to reject the scattered excitation light, (iii) an external lens creating 2× optical magnification, and (iv) a translation stage for focus adjustment. We tested the imaging performance of this smart-phone-enabled microscopy platform by detecting isolated 100 nm fluorescent particles as well as individual human cytomegaloviruses that are fluorescently labeled. The size of each detected nano-object on the cell phone platform was validated using scanning electron microscopy images of the same samples. This field-portable fluorescence microscopy attachment to the cell phone, weighing only ~186 g, could be used for specific and sensitive imaging of subwavelength objects including various bacteria and viruses and, therefore, could provide a valuable platform for the practice of nanotechnology in field settings and for conducting viral load measurements and other biomedical tests even in remote and resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Wei
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Hangfei Qi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Wei Luo
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Derek Tseng
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - So Jung Ki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Zhe Wan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Zoltán Göröcs
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Laurent A. Bentolila
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Ren Sun
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to:
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