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Roy S, Soteras I, Sheets A, Price R, Oshiro K, Rauch S, McPhalen D, Nerin MA, Strapazzon G, Allen M, Read A, Paal P. Guidelines for Mountain Rescue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Official Guidelines of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue. High Alt Med Biol 2021; 22:128-141. [PMID: 34166103 PMCID: PMC8252899 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2021.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Roy, Steven, Inigo Soteras, Alison Sheets, Richard Price, Kazue Oshiro, Simon Rauch, Don McPhalen, Maria Antonia Nerin, Giacomo Strapazzon, Myron Allen, Alistair Read, and Peter Paal. Guidelines for mountain rescue during the COVID-19 pandemic: official guidelines of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue. High Alt Med Biol. 22: 128-141, 2021. Background: In mountain rescue, uncertainty exists on the best practice to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. The aim of this work was to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in mountain rescue. Methods: Original articles or reviews, published until December 27, 2020 in Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar were included. Articles were limited to English, French, German, or Spanish with the article topic COVID-19 or other epidemics, addressing transmission, transport, rescue, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Results: The literature search yielded 6,190 articles. A total of 952 were duplicates and 5,238 were unique results. After exclusion of duplicates and studies that were not relevant to this work, 249 articles were considered for this work. Finally, 72 articles and other sources were included. Conclusions: Recommendations are provided for protection of the rescuer (including screening, personal protective equipment [PPE], and vaccination), protection of the patient (including general masking if low risk, specific PPE if high risk), equipment hygiene (including disinfection after every mission), use of single-use products, training and medical measures under COVID-19 precautions, and psychological wellbeing of rescuers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adapted COVID-19 precautions for low-and-medium-income countries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Roy
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- International Society for Mountain Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inigo Soteras
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Emergency Medical System, University of Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alison Sheets
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Emergency Medicine, Boulder Community Health, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard Price
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
- LandSAR, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kazue Oshiro
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Mountain Medicine, Research, and Survey Division, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido Ohno Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Simon Rauch
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, F. Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Don McPhalen
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Nerin
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Jose Ramon Morandeira Mountain Medicine Association-CUEMUM, Chía, Spain
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
- Corpo Nazionale Soccorso Alpino e Speleologico, National Medical School (CNSAS SNaMed), Milan, Italy
| | - Myron Allen
- National Ski Patrol, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
- Terrestrial Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alistair Read
- Terrestrial Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR), Zurich, Switzerland
- Mountain Rescue, England and Wales, Tamworth, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Paal
- Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospitallers Brothers Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Board for Mountain Safety, Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Society of Mountain and High Altitude Medicine, Mieming, Austria
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Madigan J, Costa L, Nieves S, Horgan M, Weberg K, Aleman M. Description of Placement Procedures for Common Methods Used in Equine Emergency Rescue Using a Simplified Loops System. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080529. [PMID: 31387216 PMCID: PMC6720554 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Horses can become entrapped, stranded in confined spaces, exhausted, or injured and become recumbent and unable to rise. Horse can injure themselves struggling to rise and endanger the personnel trying to rescue them. Successful rescuing of these animals often requires expedient manipulations. We designed a lightweight portable kit for movement or lifting of a recumbent equine using a novel Loops System. Using an equine life size mannequin, we describe the placement procedures of the Loops System without knots, J hooks or specialized accessory devices. Five maneuvers commonly used in equine technical rescue are illustrated with step-by-step instructions for forward assist, rear assist, full body roll, rear drag, and vertical lift. Abstract Entrapped, stranded and recumbent equids often require emergency rescue. The success of the rescue is often affected by secondary injuries from struggling of the horse to rise and from injury secondary to attempted rescue by pulling on the head or limbs of the equid. Therefore, having ready access to simplified rescue equipment which can be easily applied would be desirable. The devices currently available for these manipulations are not always readily available at the site of an incident. Here, we describe and illustrate the step-by-step use of a Loops System consisting of 183 cm round slings, which can be positioned on the recumbent horse utilizing commercially available and reasonably priced equipment. The Loops System is basically composed of four round slings placed in such a way that utilizes the skeletal system for support. The procedures are illustrated utilizing a recumbent life-size horse model or mannequin. We suggest that the Loops System kit may allow enhanced ability for responders to provide care to a recumbent horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Madigan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Lais Costa
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samantha Nieves
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Molly Horgan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kirsten Weberg
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Monica Aleman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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