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Baydin A, Makihara T, Peraca NM, Kono J. Time-domain terahertz spectroscopy in high magnetic fields. Front Optoelectron 2021; 14:110-129. [PMID: 36637783 PMCID: PMC9743882 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are a variety of elementary and collective terahertz-frequency excitations in condensed matter whose magnetic field dependence contains significant insight into the states and dynamics of the electrons involved. Often, determining the frequency, temperature, and magnetic field dependence of the optical conductivity tensor, especially in high magnetic fields, can clarify the microscopic physics behind complex many-body behaviors of solids. While there are advanced terahertz spectroscopy techniques as well as high magnetic field generation techniques available, a combination of the two has only been realized relatively recently. Here, we review the current state of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) experiments in high magnetic fields. We start with an overview of time-domain terahertz detection schemes with a special focus on how they have been incorporated into optically accessible high-field magnets. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of magnets in performing THz-TDS experiments are also discussed. Finally, we highlight some of the new fascinating physical phenomena that have been revealed by THz-TDS in high magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Baydin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 70005, USA.
| | - Takuma Makihara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | | | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 70005, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.
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2
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Khani ME, Arbab MH. Chemical Identification in the Specular and Off-Specular Rough-Surface Scattered Terahertz Spectra Using Wavelet Shrinkage. IEEE Access 2021; 9:29746-29754. [PMID: 35433152 PMCID: PMC9009754 DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3059424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present the development and implementation of a novel wavelet shrinkage technique for the retrieval of obscured characteristic resonant signatures in the scattered terahertz (THz) reflectivity of molecular crystals. In this implementation, the wavelet basis functions associated with the absorption features were identified using the second-order total variation of the wavelet coefficients. Additionally, wavelet coefficients at certain scales were modified using the phase function corrections and wavelet hard thresholding. Reconstruction of the original spectra using these modified wavelet coefficients yielded the exact resonant frequencies of the chemicals, which were otherwise unrecognizable in the spectral artifacts of the rough surface scattering. We examined the robustness of this method over controlled levels of rough surface scattering, validated using the Kirchhoff approximation, in spectroscopic targets made from α-lactose monohydrate and 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which have close spectral lines. We successfully retrieved the spectral absorption fingerprints in both specular and off-specular reflection geometries. This technique can be utilized for stand-off material characterization using the THz reflection spectroscopy in uncontrolled environments and potentially can be adopted for other broadband spectroscopic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Khani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - M Hassan Arbab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Du Y, Xue J, Hong Z. Raman and Terahertz Spectroscopic Characterization of Solid-state Cocrystal Formation within Specific Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4829-4846. [PMID: 32445442 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200523173448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of specific active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the solid-state phase is becoming a feasible way to improve their corresponding physicochemical properties and ultimate bioavailability without making and breaking any covalent bonds within them. Many recent reports deal with the characterization and analysis topics of pharmaceutical APIs-based cocrystals. In this mini-review, we will focus on the recent steady-state and time-dependent spectroscopic investigation into the cocrystallization of specific APIs based on both Raman and emerging terahertz spectroscopy in pharmaceutical fields. Distinctive spectral, structural and also kinetic information of pharmaceutical APIs-based cocrystals are obtained and discussed, which would highlight the potential of vibrational spectroscopy as an attractive technique for various drug research and development during cocrystallization of specific APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiadan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhang Z, Cai Q, Xue J, Qin J, Liu J, Du Y. Co-Crystal Formation of Antibiotic Nitrofurantoin Drug and Melamine Co-Former Based on a Vibrational Spectroscopic Study. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020056. [PMID: 30704026 PMCID: PMC6409755 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has received increasing attention due to the modulation of the relative physicochemical properties of APIs such as low solubility, weak permeability and relatively inferior oral bioavailability. Crystal engineering plays a decisive role in the systematic design and synthesis of co-crystals by means of exerting control on the inter-molecular interactions. The characterization and detection of such co-crystal formations plays an essential role in the field of pharmaceutical research and development. In this work, nitrofurantoin (NF), melamine (MELA) and their hydrated co-crystal form were characterized and analyzed by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and Raman vibrational spectroscopy. According to the experimental THz spectra, the hydrated co-crystal form has characteristic absorption peaks at 0.67, 1.05, 1.50 and 1.73 THz, while the THz spectra for the two raw parent materials (NF and MELA) are quite different within this spectral region. Similar observations were made from the experimental Raman vibrational spectra results. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed to help determine the major vibrational modes of the hydrated co-crystal between nitrofurantoin and melamine, as well as identify the structural changes due to inter- and/or intra-molecular hydrogen bonding motifs between NF and MELA. The results of the theoretical frequency calculations corroborate the THz and Raman experimental spectra. The characteristic bands of the NF⁻MELA-hydrated co-crystal between nitrofurantoin and melamine were also determined based on the DFT simulated calculation. The reported results in this work provide us with a wealth of structural information and a unique vibrational spectroscopic method for characterizing the composition of specific co-crystals and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding interactions upon pharmaceutical co-crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Zhang
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Qiang Cai
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jiadan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jianyuan Qin
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yong Du
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Mensink MA, Šibík J, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WLJ, Zeitler JA. Thermal Gradient Mid- and Far-Infrared Spectroscopy as Tools for Characterization of Protein Carbohydrate Lyophilizates. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3550-3557. [PMID: 28874050 PMCID: PMC5627341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Protein
drugs play an important role in modern day medicine. Typically,
these proteins are formulated as liquids requiring cold chain processing.
To circumvent the cold chain and achieve better storage stability,
these proteins can be dried in the presence of carbohydrates. We demonstrate
that thermal gradient mid- and far-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and
THz-TDS, respectively) can provide useful information about solid-state
protein carbohydrate formulations regarding mobility and intermolecular
interactions. A model protein (BSA) was lyophilized in the presence
of three carbohydrates with different size and protein stabilizing
capacity. A gradual increase in mobility was observed with increasing
temperature in formulations containing protein and/or larger carbohydrates
(oligo- or polysaccharides), lacking a clear onset of fast mobility
as was observed for smaller molecules. Furthermore, both techniques
are able to identify the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the samples. FTIR provides additional information
as it can independently monitor changes in protein and carbohydrate
bands at the Tg. Lastly, THz-TDS confirms
previous findings that protein–carbohydrate interactions decrease
with increasing molecular weight of the carbohydrate, which results
in decreased protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mensink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Janssen Vaccines and Prevention , Archimedesweg 4, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Šibík
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom.,F. Hoffmann-La Roche A.G. , Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - H W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K van der Voort Maarschalk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Process Technology, Corbion Purac , P.O. Box 21, 4200 AA Gorinchem, The Netherlands
| | - W L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J A Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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