1
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Kohlbecher R, Müller TJJ. A Rational Design of Electrochemically and Photophysically Tunable Triarylamine Luminophores by Consecutive (Pseudo-)Four-Component Syntheses. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304119. [PMID: 38227421 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The concatenation of Suzuki coupling and two-fold Buchwald-Hartwig amination in sequentially palladium-catalyzed consecutive multicomponent syntheses paves a concise, convergent route to diversely functionalized para-biaryl-substituted triarylamines (p-bTAAs) from simple, readily available starting materials. An extensive library of p-bTAAs permits comprehensive investigations of their electronic properties by absorption and emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and quantum chemical calculations, which contribute to a deep understanding of their electronic structure. The synthesized p-bTAAs exhibit tunable fluorescence from blue to yellow upon photonic excitation with quantum yields up to 98 % in solution and 92 % in the solid state. Furthermore, a pronounced bathochromic shift of the emission maxima by increasing solvent polarity indicates positive emission solvatochromism. Aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water mixtures causes the formation of intensely blue fluorescent aggregates. Cyclic voltammetry shows reversible first and second oxidations of p-bTAAs at low potentials, which are tunable by variation of the introduced para substituents. 3D Hammett plots resulting from the correlation of oxidation potentials and emission maxima with electronic substituent parameters emphasize the rational design of tailored p-bTAAs with predictable electrochemical and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Kohlbecher
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Li S, Chen J. Synthesis and Properties of Novel Alkyl-Substituted Hexaazacyclophanes and Their Diradical Dications. Molecules 2024; 29:789. [PMID: 38398541 PMCID: PMC10893516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radicals based on arylamine cyclophanes can be used as functional materials and show application potential in fields such as synthetic chemistry, molecular electronic components, organic light-emitting diodes, and catalytic chemistry. Using a Buchwald-Hartwig palladium-catalyzed aryl halide amination method, we synthesized a series of neutral hexaazacyclophane compounds 1-3 with different substituents in the meta-meta-meta positions of the phenyl rings. Three characteristic high-spin hexaazacyclophane diradical dications were obtained by two-electron oxidation using AgSbF6: 12·+•2[SbF6]-, 22·+•2[SbF6]-, and 32·+•2[SbF6]-. The electronic structures and physical properties of these compounds were then investigated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interferometry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The findings provide new ideas for designing radical species with novel physical properties and electronic structures. Importantly, the obtained radical species are not sensitive to air, making them valuable functional materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
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3
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Farag NL, Jethwa RB, Beardmore AE, Insinna T, O'Keefe CA, Klusener PAA, Grey CP, Wright DS. Triarylamines as Catholytes in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. ChemSusChem 2023:e202300128. [PMID: 36970847 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of triarylamines was synthesised and screened for their suitability as catholytes in redox flow batteries using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Tris(4-aminophenyl)amine was found to be the strongest candidate. Solubility and initial electrochemical performance were promising; however, polymerisation was observed during electrochemical cycling leading to rapid capacity fade prescribed to a loss of accessible active material and the limitation of ion transport processes within the cell. A mixed electrolyte system of H3 PO4 and HCl was found to inhibit polymerisation producing oligomers that consumed less active material reducing rates of degradation in the redox flow battery. Under these conditions Coulombic efficiency improved by over 4 %, the maximum number of cycles more than quadrupled and an additional theoretical capacity of 20 % was accessed. This paper is, to our knowledge, the first example of triarylamines as catholytes in all-aqueous redox flow batteries and emphasises the impact supporting electrolytes can have on electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia L Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh B Jethwa
- Institute of Science and Technology, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuberg, 3400, Austria
| | - Alice E Beardmore
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Insinna
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A A Klusener
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Energy Transition Campus Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031 HW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic S Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Angela VM, Harshini D, Anjali A, Imran PM, Bhuvanesh NSP, Nagarajan S. Enhancing the Resistive Switching Behavior of WORM Memory Devices Using D-π-A Based Ester-Flanked Quinolines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202569. [PMID: 36394987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Donor-Acceptor systems are highly appreciated in the field of organic memory devices due to their efficient charge transport within the systems. In this work, we have designed and synthesized a D-π-A system constituting ester-flanked quinolines and functionalized triarylamines (TAA) through a single-step cross-coupling reaction to fabricate memory devices via Write-Once Read-Many times (WORM) non-volatile memory. Structure-property relationships are reconnoitered for these conjugated D-π-A systems through a series of UV, fluorescence, XRD, DFT, and memory characterizations. The UV and CV data show efficient charge transfer with intramolecular charge transfer occurring at 407-417 nm and a short band gap of 2.56-2.65 eV. An enhancement in the resistive switching behavior of the memory devices is observed for the compounds with simple TAA-quinoline and tert-butylphenyl substituted TAA and fluorophenyl substituted quinoline due to balanced charge distribution in the compounds. This enhanced switching induces an on/off ratio of 103 by generating a highly ordered arrangement in the thin films. The HOMO, LUMO levels, and the ESP images together estimate a charge transfer and charge trapping as the plausible mechanism for the solution-processable WORM memory devices. The longer retention time (103 s) and lower threshold voltages (-1.21--2.12 V) of the devices makes them intriguing compounds for memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varghese M Angela
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Deivendran Harshini
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Anshika Anjali
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | | | | | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
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5
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Kurlekar K, Anjali A, Imran PM, Nagarajan S. High-Performance Organic Field-effect Transistors from Functionalized Zinc Meso-Porphyrins. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200375. [PMID: 36150080 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of new zinc porphyrins were synthesized, and their charge transport property was tuned by introducing various groups. Triarylamine was introduced to the porphyrin moiety at the meso-position as an electron donor, enhancing the charge carrier mobility. All the synthesized zinc porphyrins are thermally stable with a decomposition temperature over 178 °C. High frontier molecular orbitals levels of these compounds make them stable donor materials. SEM analysis of zinc porphyrins fabricated by spin-coating resulted in diversely self-assembled films. Field-effect transistors were fabricated using bottom-gate/top-contact architecture (BGTC) by solution-processable technique. The higher charge carrier mobility of 5.17 cm2 /Vs with on/off of 106 was obtained for trifluoromethyl substituted compound due to better molecular packing. In addition, GIXRD analysis revealed zinc porphyrins films crystalline nature, which supports its better charge carrier mobility. The present investigation has validated that zinc porphyrin building blocks are an attractive candidate for p-channel OFET devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kurlekar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University Of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Anshika Anjali
- Department of Chemistry, Central University Of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | | | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Central University Of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
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6
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Kato N, Nanjo T, Takemoto Y. Electron Donor-Acceptor (EDA) Complex between a Triarylamine and B(C 6F 5) 3 for the Photocatalytic Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of Phenols. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:747-750. [PMID: 37661381 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In this article, an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between a triarylamine and B(C6F5)3 that catalyzes the dehydrogenative cross-coupling of phenols is described. We demonstrate, for the first time, that the use of both components of the radical ion pairs generated by the photoexcitation of the EDA complex as co-catalysts, and the triarylaminium radical cation (+·NAr3) successfully promotes dehydrogenative cross-coupling between electron-rich phenols and 2-naphthols to provide electron-rich biphenol motifs using molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Takeshi Nanjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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7
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Liao YT, Hsiao YC, Lo YC, Lin CC, Lin PS, Tung SH, Wong KT, Liu CL. Solution-Processed Isoindigo- and Thienoisoindigo-Based Donor-Acceptor-Donor π-Conjugated Small Molecules: Synthesis, Morphology, Molecular Packing, and Field-Effect Transistor Characterization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:55886-55897. [PMID: 36508279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular design and precise control of thin-film morphology and crystallinity of solution-processed small molecules are important for enhancing charge transport mobility of organic field-effect transistors and gaining more insight into the structure-property relationship. Here, two donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) architecture small molecules TRA-IID-TRA and TRA-TIID-TRA comprising an electron-donating triarylamine (TRA) and two different electron-withdrawing cores, isoindigo (IID) and thienoisoindigo (TIID), respectively, were synthesized and characterized. Replacing the phenylene rings of central IID A with thiophene gives a TIID core, which reduces the optical band gap and upshifts the energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals. The single-crystal structures and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) analysis revealed that TRA-TIID-TRA exhibits the relatively tighter π-π stacking packing with preferential edge-on orientation, larger coherence length, and higher crystallinity due to the noncovalent S···O/S···π intermolecular interactions. The distinctly oriented and connected ribbon-like TRA-TIID-TRA crystalline film by the solution-shearing process achieved a superior hole mobility of 0.89 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the organic field-effect transistor (OFET) device, which is at least five times higher than that (0.17 cm2 V-1 s-1) of TRA-IID-TRA with clear cracks. Eventually, rational modulation of fused core in the π-conjugated D-A-D small molecule provides a new understanding of structural design for enhancing the performance of solution-processed organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Lo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
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8
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Devibala P, Balambiga B, Mohamed Imran P, Bhuvanesh NSP, Nagarajan S. Butterfly-Like Triarylamines with High Hole Mobility and On/Off Ratio in Bottom-Gated OFETs. Chemistry 2021; 27:15375-15381. [PMID: 34536306 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Highly π-extended butterfly-shaped triarylamine dyads with aryleneethynylene spacer were constructed using an efficient synthetic route. These aryleneethynylene-bridged dyads are highly fluorescent and exhibited high HOMO levels, and low bandgaps, which are suitable for high-performance p-type OFETs. The field-effect transistors were fabricated through a solution-processable method and exhibited promising p-type performance with field-effect mobility up to 4.3 cm2 /Vs and high Ion/off of 108 under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvam Devibala
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India
| | - Balu Balambiga
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India
| | | | | | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India
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9
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Nhari LM, El-Shishtawy RM, Lu Q, Li Y, Asiri AM. Novel Triarylamine-Based Hole Transport Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Investigation. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3128. [PMID: 34200280 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three novel triarylamine-based electron-rich chromophores were synthesized and fully characterized. Compounds 1 and 2 were designed with electron-rich triphenylamine skeleton bearing two and four decyloxy groups namely, 3,4-bis(decyloxy)-N,N-diphenylaniline and N-(3,4-bis(decyloxy)phenyl)-3,4-bis(decyloxy)-N-phenylaniline, respectively. The well-known electron-rich phenothiazine was introduced to diphenylamine moiety through a thiazole ring to form N,N-bis(3,4-bis(decyloxy)phenyl)-5-(10H-phenothiazin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine (Compound 3). These three novel compounds were fully characterized and their UV–vis absorption indicated their transparency as a favorable property for hole transport materials (HTMs) suitable for perovskite solar cells. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the HOMO energy levels were in the range 5.00–5.16 eV for all compounds, indicating their suitability with the HOMO energy level of the perovskite photosensitizer. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) have been used to investigate the possibility of the synthesized compounds to be utilized as HTMs for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The computational investigation revealed that the hole mobility of Compound 1 was 1.08 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, and the substitution with two additional dialkoxy groups on the second phenyl ring as represented by Compound 2 significantly boosted the hole mobility to reach the value 4.21 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1. On the other hand, Compound 3, in which the third phenyl group was replaced by a thiazole-based phenothiazine, the value of hole mobility decreased to reach 5.93 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1. The overall results indicate that these three novel compounds could be promising HTMs for perovskite solar cells.
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10
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Bettucci O, Pascual J, Turren-Cruz SH, Cabrera-Espinoza A, Matsuda W, Völker SF, Köbler H, Nierengarten I, Reginato G, Collavini S, Seki S, Nierengarten JF, Abate A, Delgado JL. Dendritic-Like Molecules Built on a Pillar[5]arene Core as Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemistry 2021; 27:8110-8117. [PMID: 33872460 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multi-branched molecules have recently demonstrated interesting behaviour as charge-transporting materials within the fields of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). For this reason, extended triarylamine dendrons have been grafted onto a pillar[5]arene core to generate dendrimer-like compounds, which have been used as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for PSCs. The performances of the solar cells containing these novel compounds have been extensively investigated. Interestingly, a positive dendritic effect has been evidenced as the hole transporting properties are improved when going from the first to the second-generation compound. The stability of the devices based on the best performing pillar[5]arene material has been also evaluated in a high-throughput ageing setup for 500 h at high temperature. When compared to reference devices prepared from spiro-OMeTAD, the behaviour is similar. An analysis of the economic advantages arising from the use of the pillar[5]arene-based material revealed however that our pillar[5]arene-based material is cheaper than the reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Bettucci
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Espinoza
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Sebastian F Völker
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Gianna Reginato
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Naples, Italy
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Ou YP, Zhang J, Wang A, Yuan A, Yin C, Liu SH. Rutheniumethynyl- Triarylamine Organic-Inorganic Mixed-Valence Systems: Regulating Ru-N Electronic Coupling by Different Aryl Bridge Cores. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3338-3349. [PMID: 32840035 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four rutheniumethynyl-triarylamine complexes 1-4 with different aryl bridge cores were prepared. The solid structures of complexes 2-4 were fully confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Two consecutive one-electron oxidation processes of complexes 1-4 were attributed to the ruthenium and nitrogen centers, as revealed by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammogram. Results also showed decreasing potential difference ΔE of complexes 1, 3, and 4, with the largest value for 2. Upon chemical oxidation of complexes 1-4 by 1.0 eq oxidation reagents FcPF6 or AgSbF6 , the mixed-valence complexes, except for 2+ , show characteristic broad NIR absorptions in the UV-vis-NIR spectroscopic experiments. NIR multiple absorptions were assigned to NAr2 →RuCp*(dppe) intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions by TDDFT calculations. Coupling parameter (Hab ) from Hush theory revealed that increasing electronic communication in 1+ , 3+ , and 4+ . Electron density distribution of the HOMO for neutral molecules (1, 3, and 4) and spin density distribution of the corresponding single-oxidized states (1+ , 3+ , and 4+ ) increases progressively on the bridge as the size of the aromatic system increases, proving incremental contributions from bridge cores during oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Aihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Ande Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
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12
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Merz J, Dietrich L, Nitsch J, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Moos M, Mims D, Lambert C, Marder TB. Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of Mono-, Di-, and Tri-Amino-Substituted Ortho-Perylenes, and Comparison to the Tetra-Substituted Derivative. Chemistry 2020; 26:12050-12059. [PMID: 32329914 PMCID: PMC7540539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of new mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-substituted perylene derivatives with strong bis(para-methoxyphenyl)amine (DPA) donors at the uncommon 2,5,8,11-positions. The properties of our new donor-substituted perylenes were studied in detail to establish a structure-property relationship. Interesting trends and unusual properties are observed for this series of new perylene derivatives, such as a decreasing charge transfer (CT) character with increasing number of DPA moieties and individual reversible oxidations for each DPA moiety. Thus, (DPA)-Per possesses one reversible oxidation while (DPA)4 -Per has four. The mono- and di-substituted derivatives display unusually large Stokes shifts not previously reported for perylenes. Furthermore, transient absorption measurements of the new derivatives reveal an excited state with lifetimes of several hundred microseconds, which sensitizes singlet oxygen with quantum yields of up to 0.83.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lena Dietrich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - David Mims
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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13
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Yemene AE, Venkatraman V, Moe Almenningen D, Hoff BH, Gautun OR. Synthesis of Novel 3,6-Dithienyl Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dyes by Direct C‒H Arylation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102349. [PMID: 32443478 PMCID: PMC7288183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct C-H arylation coupling is potentially a more economical and sustainable process than conventional cross-coupling. However, this method has found limited application in the synthesis of organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Although direct C-H arylation is not an universal solution to any cross-coupling reactions, it efficiently complements conventional sp2−sp2 bond formation and can provide shorter and more efficient routes to diketopyrrolopyrrole dyes. Here, we have applied palladium catalyzed direct C-H arylation in the synthesis of five new 3,6-dithienyl diketopyrrolopyrrole dyes. All prepared sensitizers display broad absorption from 350 nm up to 800 nm with high molar extinction coefficients. The dye-sensitized solar cells based on these dyes exhibit a power conversion efficiency in the range of 2.9 to 3.4%.
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14
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Park C, Lee J, Kim T, Lim J, Park J, Kim WY, Kim SY. Homochiral Supramolecular Thin Film from Self-Assembly of Achiral Triarylamine Molecules by Circularly Polarized Light. Molecules 2020; 25:E402. [PMID: 31963685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the formation of homochiral supramolecular thin film from achiral molecules, by using circularly polarized light (CPL) only as a chiral source, on the condition that irradiation of CPL does not induce a photochemical change of the achiral molecules. Thin films of self-assembled structures consisting of chiral supramolecular fibrils was obtained from the triarylamine derivatives through evaporation of the self-assembled triarylamine solution. The homochiral supramolecular helices with the desired handedness was achieved by irradiation of circularly polarized visible light during the self-assembly process, and the chiral stability of supramolecular self-assembled product was achieved by photopolymerization of the diacetylene moieties at side chains of the building blocks, with irradiation of circularly polarized ultraviolet light. This work provides a novel methodology for the generation of homochiral supramolecular thin film from the corresponding achiral molecules.
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15
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Tahara K, Nakakita T, Starikova AA, Ikeda T, Abe M, Kikuchi JI. Small anion-assisted electrochemical potential splitting in a new series of bis triarylamine derivatives: organic mixed valency across a urea bridge and zwitterionization. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2277-2286. [PMID: 31598180 PMCID: PMC6774064 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new bistriarylamine series having a urea bridge and investigate its mixed-valence (MV) states by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. We found that the supporting electrolytes had unusual effects on potential splitting during electrochemical behavior, in which a smaller counteranion thermodynamically stabilized a MV cation more substantially than did a bulky one. The effects contrary to those reported in conventional MV systems were explained by zwitterionization through hydrogen bonding between the urea bridge and the counteranions, increasing the electronic interactions between two triarylamino units. Furthermore, we clarified the intervalence charge transfer characteristics of the zwitterionic MV state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishiro Tahara
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1, Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.,Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Nakakita
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Alyona A Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, pr. Stachki 194/2, Rostov on Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1, Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Masaaki Abe
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1, Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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16
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Seo H, Go M, Choi H, Kim KY, Choi Y, Lee SS, Jung SH, Jung JH. Peculiar Triarylamine-Based Co-assembled Supramolecular Polymers That Exhibit Two Transition Temperatures in the Formation of a Coiled Helical Bundle. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2847-2853. [PMID: 29987887 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the peculiar co-assembly supramolecular polymerization behavior of triphenylamine trisamide derivatives with d-alanine (T-ala) or glycine (T-gly) moieties. Concentration and temperature-dependent circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that the heating curves of co-assemblies obtained at various molar ratios of T-ala to T-gly exhibited two distinct transition temperatures. The first transition was due to the transformation from coiled helical bundles to single helical fibers without handedness. The second was due to a change from typical elongation to nucleation. These phenomena were confirmed by solvent-dependent decoiling of coiled helical structures and concentration-dependent morphological analysis. The two transitioning temperatures were dependent on the concentration of T-ala in the co-assemblies, suggesting that T-ala concentration plays an important role in the formation of coiled helical bundles. Our study demonstrated the first observation of two distinct transition temperatures in supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 900, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Go
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 900, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 900, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 900, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonweon Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 900, Republic of Korea
| | - Shim Sung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 900, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 900, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 900, Republic of Korea
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17
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Keller SG, Pannwitz A, Mallin H, Wenger OS, Ward TR. Streptavidin as a Scaffold for Light-Induced Long-Lived Charge Separation. Chemistry 2017; 23:18019-18024. [PMID: 29024136 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived photo-driven charge separation is demonstrated by assembling a triad on a protein scaffold. For this purpose, a biotinylated triarylamine was added to a RuII -streptavidin conjugate bearing a methyl viologen electron acceptor covalently linked to the N-terminus of streptavidin. To improve the rate and lifetime of the electron transfer, a negative patch consisting of up to three additional negatively charged amino acids was engineered through mutagenesis close to the biotin-binding pocket of streptavidin. Time-resolved laser spectroscopy revealed that the covalent attachment and the negative patch were beneficial for charge separation within the streptavidin hosted triad; the charge separated state was generated within the duration of the excitation laser pulse, and lifetimes up to 3120 ns could be achieved with the optimized supramolecular triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha G Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik Mallin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Lin Q, Jiang W, Zhang S, Nagiri RCR, Jin H, Burn PL, Meredith P. A Triarylamine-Based Anode Modifier for Efficient Organohalide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:9096-9101. [PMID: 28257178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organohalide lead perovskite solar cells have emerged as a promising next-generation thin-film photovoltaic technology. It has been clearly recognized that interfacial engineering plays a critical role in cell performance. It has been also proposed that the open-circuit voltage is dependent on the ionization potential of the hole transport layer at the anode. In this communication, we report a simple modification of the anode with a triarylamine-based small molecule (1), which avoids the need to use standard hole transport materials and delivers a relatively high open-circuit voltage of 1.08 V and a power conversion efficiency of 16.5% in a simple planar architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lin
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Wei Jiang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Ravi Chandra Raju Nagiri
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Hui Jin
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Paul Meredith
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
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19
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Busseron E, Cid JJ, Wolf A, Du G, Moulin E, Fuks G, Maaloum M, Polavarapu P, Ruff A, Saur AK, Ludwigs S, Giuseppone N. Light-controlled morphologies of self-assembled triarylamine-fullerene conjugates. ACS Nano 2015; 9:2760-2772. [PMID: 25734231 DOI: 10.1021/nn506646m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A family of triarylamine-fullerene conjugates has been synthesized and shown to self-assemble upon light stimulation in chlorinated solvents. This light-induced process primarily involves excitation of triarylamine derivatives, which then oxidize and stack with their neutral counterparts to form charge transfer complexes in the form of p-conducting channels, while fullerenes are consequently enforced in coaxial n-conducting columnar arrangements. These supramolecular heterojunctions can be organized over very long distances in micrometric fibers when a controlled amount of photons is provided from a white light source to initiate the process. Surprisingly, when sunlight or UV light is used instead, the nanostructuration leads to monodisperse spherical objects due to the nature of the nucleation-growth process involved in the stacks formation. This control over the supramolecular morphology of organic self-assemblies using the nature of light is of general interest for the design of functional responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Busseron
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Juan-José Cid
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Adrian Wolf
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Guangyan Du
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Gad Fuks
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Mounir Maaloum
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Prasad Polavarapu
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Adrian Ruff
- ‡Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Saur
- ‡Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- ‡Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
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20
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Abstract
The first detailed study of charge transport through a liquid organic semiconductor (LOS) is reported with the goal of elucidating the effects of molecular motion on charge transport through molecular liquids. Using a liquid, silyl ether-substituted triarylamine, hole transport mobilities were obtained over a wide range of temperatures above the glass transition temperature of the material. Analysis of this data reveals that molecular motion(s) have a negligible effect on macroscopic charge transport through a molecular liquid. The results strongly resemble transport behavior found in conventional, disordered solids and suggest that silyl ether-substituted LOSs may be good candidates for integration into electronic devices, by those who are familiar with the application of traditional triarylamines, where their unique physical state can or could be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Kamino
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, The University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E5
| | - Timothy P Bender
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, The University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E5
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Richard A Klenkler
- §Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5K 2L1
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