1
|
Behri M, Teshima H, Kutsuwada K, Nakatake S, Ogihara MH, Taylor D. Production of the yolk protein precursor vitellogenin is mediated by target of rapamycin (TOR) in the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae). Insect Sci 2022; 29:1299-1308. [PMID: 35254737 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Initiation of vitellogenesis by blood feeding is essential for egg maturation in ticks. Nutrients derived from the blood meal are utilized by female ticks to synthesize the yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (Vg). Engorged Ornithodoros moubata ticks can synthesize Vg whether mated or virgin, thus O. moubata is an excellent model for studying the relative roles of blood feeding and mating in tick vitellogenesis. Injection of rapamycin into engorged O. moubata resulted in a reduction of ovarian growth and yolk accumulation in the oocytes of mated females. OmVg expression in the midgut and fat body and protein concentrations in the hemolymph significantly decreased in mated ticks after injection with rapamycin, indicating that inhibition of the nutrient-sensing target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway disrupts egg maturation at the levels of Vg expression and synthesis. These results suggest that the TOR-signaling pathway induces vitellogenesis in response to nutritional stimulation after a blood meal in O. moubata and is functionally independent of the mating-induced pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Behri
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruki Teshima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kutsuwada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakatake
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mari H Ogihara
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - DeMar Taylor
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paulo JT, Godinho DP, Silva A, Branquinho C, Magalhães S. Suppression of Plant Defenses by Herbivorous Mites Is Not Associated with Adaptation to Host Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1783. [PMID: 29914126 PMCID: PMC6032058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some herbivores suppress plant defenses, which may be viewed as a result of the coevolutionary arms race between plants and herbivores. However, this ability is usually studied in a one-herbivore-one-plant system, which hampers comparative studies that could corroborate this hypothesis. Here, we extend this paradigm and ask whether the herbivorous spider-mite Tetranychus evansi, which suppresses the jasmonic-acid pathway in tomato plants, is also able to suppress defenses in other host plants at different phylogenetic distances from tomatoes. We test this using different plants from the Solanales order, namely tomato, jimsonweed, tobacco, and morning glory (three Solanaceae and one Convolvulaceae), and bean plants (Fabales). First, we compare the performance of T. evansi to that of the other two most-commonly found species of the same genus, T. urticae and T. ludeni, on several plants. We found that the performance of T. evansi is higher than that of the other species only on tomato plants. We then showed, by measuring trypsin inhibitor activity and life history traits of conspecific mites on either clean or pre-infested plants, that T. evansi can suppress plant defenses on all plants except tobacco. This study suggests that the suppression of plant defenses may occur on host plants other than those to which herbivores are adapted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica T Paulo
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Diogo P Godinho
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Silva
- BioISI, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding L, Chen F, Luo R, Pan Q, Wang C, Yu S, Cong L, Liu H, Li H, Ran C. Gene cloning and difference analysis of vitellogenin in Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes). Bull Entomol Res 2018; 108:141-149. [PMID: 28693644 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neoseiulus barkeri (HUGHES) is the natural enemy of spider mites, whiteflies and thrips. Screening for chemically-resistant predatory mites is a practical way to balance the contradiction between the pesticide using and biological control. In this study, the number of eggs laid by fenpropathrin-susceptible and resistant strains of N. barkeri was compared. Additionally, we cloned three N. barkeri vitellogenin (Vg) genes and used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to quantify Vg expression in susceptible and resistant strains. The total number of eggs significantly increased in the fenpropathrin-resistant strain. The full-length cDNA cloning of three N. barkeri Vg genes (NbVg1, NbVg2 and NbVg3) revealed that the open reading frames of NbVg1, NbVg2 and NbVg3 were 5571, 5532 and 4728 bp, encoding 1856, 1843 and 1575 amino acids, respectively. The three N. barkeri Vg possessed the Vitellogenin-N domain (or lipoprotein N-terminal domain (LPD_N)), von Willebrand factor type D domain (VWD) and the domain with unknown function 1943 (DUF1943). The NbVg1 and NbVg2 expression levels were significantly higher in the resistant strain than in the susceptible strain, while the NbVg3 expression level was lower in the resistant strain. Thus, we speculate that the increased number of eggs laid by the fenpropathrin-resistant strain of N. barkeri may be a consequence of changes in Vg gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ding
- Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China
| | - F Chen
- Sinofert Holdings Limited,Henan Branch,Zhengzhou 450000,China
| | - R Luo
- Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China
| | - Q Pan
- Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China
| | - C Wang
- Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China
| | - S Yu
- Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China
| | - L Cong
- Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China
| | - H Liu
- Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China
| | - H Li
- Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China
| | - C Ran
- Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen W, Li D, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Wu W, Zhang G. Cloning and differential expression of five heat shock protein genes associated with thermal stress and development in the polyphagous predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Exp Appl Acarol 2015; 67:65-85. [PMID: 26058387 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) during thermal stress and development in the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans), we cloned and characterized five full-length Hsp genes. We investigated the expression levels of these genes by quantitative real-time PCR. The five genes characterized here were NcHsp90, NcHsp75, NcHsp70, NcHsp60, and NcHsp40. These Hsps showed high sequence conservation and had greatest identity with heat shock proteins of Metaseiulus occidentalis and other mite and insect species. All five NcHsp genes showed changes in their levels of expression during development. Higher levels of expression were observed in adult females than in adult males, but there were no significant changes between pre-oviposition and post-oviposition stages in the females. NcHsp90, NcHsp75, and NcHsp70 expression levels were up-regulated after a heat shock, and the increases in NcHsp75 and NcHsp70 expression levels were maintained for at least 3 h. Up-regulation of NcHsp60 and NcHsp40 was not detected after 1 h at a high temperature (35-45 °C); however, a significant down-regulation was observed after 3 h heat exposure at 35 °C and 3 h recovery at 25 °C. Cold shock treatment (-5 to 15 °C) for 1 h did not acute elicit changes in the expression levels of any of the genes. At 5 °C, the expression levels of NcHsp90 significantly increased after 6 or 24 h exposure compared to the levels after 1 h exposure. Thus, expression of Hsp genes in N. cucumeris reflected developmental changes, sexual difference, and variable induced response to thermal stress. Increased expression of Hsps might protect N. cucumeris individuals under extreme temperature conditions. Therefore, it may be possible to enhance the thermal tolerance of commercially available N. cucumeris using temperature acclimation. Treatment at 35 °C should be suitable for such acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lefebvre M, Bostanian NJ, Thistlewood HMA, Mauffette Y, Racette G. A laboratory assessment of the toxic attributes of six 'reduced risk insecticides' on Galendromus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Chemosphere 2011; 84:25-30. [PMID: 21458842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The modified excised leaf disc method was used to measure the effects of six insecticides on eggs, larvae, adults, and female fecundity of Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) in a 'worst case laboratory exposure'. This study identified insecticides that would be recommended for tier II field evaluations for an integrated pest management program. Commercially formulated insecticides were applied with a thin-layer chromatography sprayer adjusted to 10.34 kPa (1.5 psi), at the recommended label concentrations in Canada. LC(50) values were estimated from aliquots above and below that concentration. Spinetoram and spirotetramat were toxic at label concentrations. The label concentration for spinetoram was 34.3-fold the LC(50) estimate (0.006 gL(-1)) and for spirotetramat the label concentration was 7.7-fold the LC(50) estimate (0.03 gL(-1)). Clothianidin was considerably less toxic and the label concentration was 0.15-fold the LC(50) estimate (2.29 gL(-1)). Estimates of LC(50) for novaluron and chlorantraniliprole could not be established. Both materials showed slight toxicity to at least one growth stage of the predator. Novaluron, clothianidin and chlorantraniliprole should be evaluated in the field for compatibility in IPM programs. Flubendiamide was harmless to all growth stages and it is recommended for inclusion in IPM programs without additional tier II field evaluations. Field evaluations with spinetoram and spirotetramat should be pursued only if alternatives are unavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lefebvre
- Horticultural Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Blv., St. Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada J3B 3E6.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) is a predatory mite widespread in the Mediterranean region considered to be important for the biological control of spider mites in citrus orchards. Development, survival and reproduction of this phytoseiid mite feeding on seven commercially obtained pollen were studied under constant laboratory conditions (20 +/- 1 degrees C, RH 65 +/- 5%, photoperiod 16L: 8D h). Mites were kept individually at rearing units with ample quantity of almond (Prunus amygdalus Batch), apple (Malus domestica Borkh), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), cherry (Prunus avium L.), pear (Pyrus communis L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.) and walnut (Juglans regia L.) pollen as food source. Developmental time from egg to adult varied between the several pollen tested from 8.38 +/-0.08 to 9.58 +/- 0.11 days for females and from 8.23 +/-0.12 and 9.07 +/-0.12 days for males. Female longevity varied from 11.53 +/- 1.22 to 51.38 +/- 2.45 days, while fecundity ranged from 22.84 +/- 2.30 to 43.61 +/- 3.78 eggs/female. The predator was unable to reproduce when feeding on walnut pollen. Data were submitted to life table analysis and values of the intrinsic rate of increase were derived, ranging from 0.079 to 0.146 (day(-1)). The cumulative Weibull function that was used to describe the age specific survival of females produced excellent fits to the survival data. Results show that almond, plum, cherry and apricot pollen possess higher nutritional value for E. stipulatus than pear and apple pollen and thus may contribute in sustaining and increasing the predator population in field conditions. Walnut pollen can be utilized by the predator only to survive during short periods of time when principal or alternative food sources are scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stelios L Bouras
- Department of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 lera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Screening of the mite fauna on water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, at 25 localities throughout Kerala (India) yielded a list of 21 phytophagous species from nine families. Distribution of mites at these localities and type of injury produced suggested that Oligonychus biharensis and Orthogalumna terebrantis warrant further study. In an experimental set-up the injury caused by these mites was quantified. Infestation by Ol. biharensis lead to reduced photosynthesis by the host (significant loss in chlorophyll content). Injurious effects of Or. terebrantis involved leaf mining by the developing instars leading to wilting of the leaves resulting in reduced dry weight. The relative merits of the two species as potential control agents of water hyacinth are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Haq
- Division of Acarology, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, 673 635, Kerala, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mothes U, Seitz KA. A possible pathway of chitin synthesis as revealed by electron microscopy in Tetranychus urticae (Acari, Tetranychidae). Cell Tissue Res 1981; 214:443-8. [PMID: 7193528 DOI: 10.1007/bf00249224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Two chitin synthesising systems in Tetranychus urticae area described: one chitosomal system located in the oocytes where spatial and temporal distances are large, and one membrane bound system located in the hypodermis. Similarity of mechanisms of chitin synthesis in animals and plants is suggested.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tempelaar MJ. DNA-content in isolated nuclei of postembryonic stages of progeny from normal and irradiated males of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae). Chromosoma 1980; 77:359-71. [PMID: 7371460 DOI: 10.1007/bf00286060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The 1C DNA-content of isolated nuclei of postembryonic stages of Tetranychus urticae stained with the classic and a modified Schiff's reagent was cytophotometrically estimated as 0.1 pg, a low value in animals. For many tissues of this arrhenotokous species the ploidy ratio between males and females is 1:2, indicating the absence of sex-related differences in ploidy.--In addition, DNA measurements were performed to evaluate irradiation-experiments, starting with X-irradiation of mature sperm in males with doses known from previous work to induce chromosomal fragments that are subject to loss and missegregation in the embryonic mitotic stages of the female progeny despite the presumed holokinetic nature of the chromosomes. The DNA-content of the nuclei of the surviving postembryonic preadult stages did not indicate the occurrence of nuclei with in-between male/female values, ruling out loss and missegregation of fragments as important factors in postembryonic lethality. Abnormally low DNA-values in some adult females could be attributed to development of embryos before oviposition caused by radiation-induced effects.
Collapse
|