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Parasites and fungi as a threat for prenatal and postnatal human development. ANNALS OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 60:225-234. [PMID: 25706418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature data reveals the most common etiological agents of congenital parasitoses to be Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani and Plasmodium falciparum. An analysis of clinical data indicates that parasitic congenital infections are often asymptomatic, whereas symptomatic newborns usually display nonspecific symptoms, which greatly hinders correct diagnosis. The long-term consequences of prenatal infections are serious clinical problems. This article presents the possible routes of vertical transmissions (mother-to-child) of pathogens including prenatal, perinatal, as well as postnatal routes. It highlights the role of factors involved in protozoa transmission and development of congenital parasitic diseases, such as parasite genotypes, the relationship between the timing of maternal infection and the probability of passage of the parasite through the placental barrier, and the immunological features of pregnant women. Acquired and congenital babesioses in human and experimental animals are presented. It emphasises that the mechanisms by which parasites infect the placenta and cross from mother to fetus are still poorly understood. It also describes the cellular mechanisms of infection by T. gondii, such as tachyzoites crossing biological barriers, the expression of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) family on trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts as an immune response to intrauterine infection and cases of congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis, as well as the long-term consequences of congenital invasion with T. gondii, episodes of reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis and T. gondii reinvasions. Mycological topics include a rare case of in utero fungal infection of offspring by a mother with vaginal candidosis, and the fungal contamination of ward facilities and medical equipment as potential sources of exogenous infections of newborn children.
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2
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Congenital candidiasis as a subject of research in medicine and human ecology. ANNALS OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 60:179-189. [PMID: 25281815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Congenital candidiasis is a severe complication of candidal vulvovaginitis. It occurs in two forms,congenital mucocutaneous candidiasis and congenital systemic candidiasis. Also newborns are in age group the most vulnerable to invasive candidiasis. Congenital candidiasis should be considered as an interdisciplinary problem including maternal and fetal condition (including antibiotic therapy during pregnancy), birth age and rare genetic predispositions as severe combined immunodeficiency or neutrophil-specific granule deficiency. Environmental factors are no less important to investigate in diagnosing, treatment and prevention. External factors (e.g., food) and microenvironment of human organism (microflora of the mouth, intestine and genitalia) are important for solving clinical problems connected to congenital candidiasis. Physician knowledge about microorganisms in a specific compartments of the microenvironment of human organism and in the course of defined disorders of homeostasis makes it easier to predict the course of the disease and allows the development of procedures that can be extremely helpful in individualized diagnostic and therapeutic process.
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3
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Cutaneous congenital candidiasis in a full-term newborn from an asymptomatic mother. Dermatol Online J 2013; 19:18967. [PMID: 24010513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A male infant of 2,900 g was born at term to a 19-year-old primigravida woman who had adequate prenatal care and no major complications detected during the pregnancy. The only reported medical event was an episode of urinary tract infection by E. coli one month before delivering, which resolved without complications using nitrofurantoin. There was no history of maternal herpes simplex infection and her serologic screening was negative for syphilis.
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Abstract
Congenital candidiasis is rare and often benign. We report the case of twins born at 32 weeks' gestation with different manifestations of congenital candidiasis. One twin was born well though neutropenic, and died from overwhelming sepsis with septic shock at 22 h. The other twin presented with a delayed onset of rash at 2 days, remained well and survived.
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Successful caspofungin treatment of multidrug resistant Candida parapsilosis septicaemia in an extremely low birth weight neonate. Mycoses 2006; 49:242-5. [PMID: 16681818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Candida septicaemia with multidrug resistance is an uncommon event in preterm neonates. We present an extremely low birth weight infant (gestational age of 27 weeks, birth weight of 980 g) who developed congenital Candida parapsilosis septicaemia. Because the fungus was resistant both to amphotericin B and fluconazole, caspofungin was chosen for therapy. The fungus was successfully eradicated without any clinical or laboratory adverse effects.
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MESH Headings
- Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage
- Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
- Candida/drug effects
- Candidiasis/congenital
- Candidiasis/drug therapy
- Candidiasis/microbiology
- Caspofungin
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal
- Echinocandins
- Female
- Fungemia/congenital
- Fungemia/drug therapy
- Fungemia/microbiology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/drug therapy
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/microbiology
- Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
- Lipopeptides
- Male
- Peptides, Cyclic/administration & dosage
- Peptides, Cyclic/therapeutic use
- Pregnancy
- Treatment Outcome
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Abstract
A premature newborn born to a mother with candidal vaginitis developed congenital invasive candidiasis. The isolates of Candida albicans from the bloodstream and the oral cavity of the neonate and the vagina of the mother shared a common genotype, which provide direct evidence of the association of congenital candidiasis with candidal vaginitis in the mother.
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Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus prevents enteric colonization by Candida species in preterm neonates: a randomized study. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:1735-42. [PMID: 16705580 DOI: 10.1086/504324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonization by Candida species is the most important predictor of the development of invasive fungal disease in preterm neonates, and the enteric reservoir is a major site of colonization. We evaluated the effectiveness of an orally supplemented probiotic (Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus; Dicoflor [Dicofarm spa]; 6 x 10(9) cfu/day) in the prevention of gastrointestinal colonization by Candida species in preterm, very low birth weight (i.e., < 1500-g) neonates during their stay in a neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS Over a 12-month period, a prospective, randomized, blind, clinical trial that involved 80 preterm neonates with a very low birth weight was conducted in a large tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. During the first 3 days of life, the neonates were randomly assigned to receive either an oral probiotic added to human (maternal or pooled donors') milk (group A) or human milk alone (group B) for 6 weeks or until discharge from the NICU, if the neonate was discharged before 6 weeks. On a weekly basis, specimens obtained from various sites (i.e., oropharyngeal, stool, gastric aspirate, and rectal specimens) were collected from all patients for surveillance culture, to assess the occurrence and intensity of fungal colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. RESULTS The incidence of fungal enteric colonization (with colonization defined as at least 1 positive culture result for specimens obtained from at least 1 site) was significantly lower in group A than in group B (23.1% vs. 48.8%; relative risk, 0.315 [95% confidence interval, 0.120-0.826]; P = .01). The numbers of fungal isolates obtained from each neonate (P = .005) and from each colonized patient (P = .005) were also lower in group A than in group B. L. casei subspecies rhamnosus was more effective in the subgroup of neonates with a birth weight of 1001-1500 g. There were no changes in the relative proportions of the different Candida strains. No adverse effects potentially associated with the probiotic were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Orally administered L. casei subspecies rhamnosus significantly reduces the incidence and the intensity of enteric colonization by Candida species among very low birth weight neonates.
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9
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[Congenital cutaneous candidiasis: a case report and review]. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE DE PATHOLOGIE EXOTIQUE (1990) 2005; 98:354-8. [PMID: 16425712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to report a case of congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC). We describe the clinical features and emphasize the role of laboratory testings to assess diagnosis in the newborn and to prevent this condition by screening vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women. A full-term, 3500-g male was born by spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 30-year-old healthy woman. On physical examination, he was a well-developed, vigorous newborn. Since the first hours of his life he presented erythematous maculae diffusely distributed on the skin and pustules overlying areas of confluent macular erythema on his trunk and extremities. The palms and soles were not affected. Neither oral thrush nor peri-anal lesions have been observed. The rest of the physical examination was normal. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings showed the presence of many yeasts and the culture permitted the identification of a strain of Candida albicans. Precocity and extent of the cutaneous signs attest a congenital cutaneous candidiasis and eliminate the other skin diseases of similar clinical symptoms. Topical antifungal therapy (econazole) was given and the cutaneous lesions disappeared after 20 days. CCC appears to be acquired in utero by the ascension of organisms from an infected vagina into the uterine cavity. This condition is preventable with systematic screening and treatment of vulvo-vaginitis due to Candida albicans in pregnant women, The important role played by the laboratory of mycology remains essential.
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Abstract
We present a full-term female infant with congenital candidiasis characterized by extensive vesicular and pustular skin lesions associated with pneumonia and severe respiratory distress that appeared during the first hours after birth. The patient was born by cesarean section with no history of rupture of membranes. The mother had a vaginal discharge 3 weeks before delivery. The diagnosis was made by culture of pustular fluid, which grew Candida albicans. Systemic cultures were negative. The infant required a very brief course of conventional mechanical ventilation in spite of impressive and extensive lung infiltrates on the chest radiograph. She made a very quick clinical recovery although it is remarkable that antifungal treatment with amphotericin B was begun very late in her clinical course at the time when she was showing obvious signs of major improvement. Current management guidelines strongly recommend specific therapy for infants with invasive congenital candidiasis or with burn-like extensive dermatitis even without lung involvement. We are not suggesting any change in these recommendations; however, at least in our patient, when amphotericin B was started, she was clearly recovering; it seems possible that her disease although extensive might have experienced an unusual spontaneous regression. This case can provide further insights into this unusual neonatal infection.
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Abstract
Two extremely premature infants died as a result of congenital Candida glabrata infection, and their placentas and umbilical cords were free of macroscopic Candida nodules. Because non-Candida albicans Candida infections are less likely to produce necrotic foci, we should not exclude Candida infections in the absence of macroscopic nodules on the placenta and umbilical cord.
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14
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[Neonatal fungal infections]. RYOIKIBETSU SHOKOGUN SHIRIZU 2001:475-8. [PMID: 11057287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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15
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Perinatal candidiasis and transient maternal candidemia: report of one case. ZHONGHUA MINGUO XIAO ER KE YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI [JOURNAL]. ZHONGHUA MINGUO XIAO ER KE YI XUE HUI 1998; 39:264-7. [PMID: 9775499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A premature infant who contracted candida pneumonia and candidemia early in the postnatal period was reported. Fungal hyphae was found in the pus-like gastric aspirate soon after birth, giving the first clue to the diagnosis and prompting an early institution of antifungal therapy. Maternal candidemia was documented in the immediate postpartum period, which resolved spontaneously without specific antifungal treatment.
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Congenital candidiasis: varied presentations. J Perinatol 1998; 18:311-6. [PMID: 9730205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Congenital candidiasis, especially the disseminated disease, is very uncommon but has been reported in very low birth weight infants. Five cases of congenital candidiasis, two with cutaneous type and three with systemic type, are described. All cases were symptomatic within the first 24 hours of life and none of them had significant risk factors such as the presence of foreign body in the maternal genital tract. Cutaneous candidiasis presented as extensive erythematous rash with infiltrative plaques in one and as bullous lesions in the other. Three infants who had disseminated candidiasis presented with extreme leukemoid reaction, severe hyperglycemia, and skin mottling with some patchy areas resembling first-degree burns, respectively. One infant had meningitis and the autopsy of another who died revealed several microabscesses containing Candida spores in the liver and lungs. The urine microscopy obtained by suprapubic bladder aspiration was found to be a good diagnostic marker of systemic invasion. The purpose of this report is to highlight the importance of recognizing candida as a possible pathogen in a critically ill neonate even though the clinical presentation may be nonspecific and varied. The presence of characteristic skin lesions of Candida species within 24 hours of life is an important clue to the possible diagnosis of congenital candidal infection. Even though very high mortality has been reported in congenital disseminated candidiasis, early recognition and treatment could give a favorable outcome.
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18
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[Thrombopenia induced by amphotericin B in an extremely premature infant with congenital candidiasis]. Arch Pediatr 1996; 3:831-2. [PMID: 8998545 DOI: 10.1016/0929-693x(96)82174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Congenital candidiasis. Indian Pediatr 1996; 33:512-6. [PMID: 8979616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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20
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[A direct microscopic preparation of the gastric aspirate is an aid in the diagnosis of congenital neonatal infection]. AKUSHERSTVO I GINEKOLOGIIA 1996; 35:17-9. [PMID: 9045550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The date of direct microscopic preparation (DMP) from gastric aspirate were compared with microbiological investigations of the same gastric aspirate, the ear secretion, blood culture in 112 newborn premature babies, on the day of their birth. A negative (-) DMP (without leucocytes and microorganisms) completely coincided with negative (-) cultures in 94 babies. Correspondence between the data of DMP (more than 4 leucocytes on field and present of microorganisms) and the isolated microbial species from the gastric aspirate, ear secretions and blood-culture was found in 18 babies. The most frequently isolated microbial species in our investigation were--Streptococcus group B, srt. gr. D, S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans. The DMP of gastric aspirate from the newborn proved to be a valuable diagnostic method, which gives the possibility of the clinician for a fast information concerning the condition of the baby in the first hours after birth.
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Congenital systemic candidiasis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14:818-20. [PMID: 8559641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Preterm labor and congenital candidiasis. A case report. THE JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 1994; 39:987-90. [PMID: 7884760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine infection with Candida is a rare complication of pregnancy. We report a case of preterm labor associated with Candida chorioamnionitis and the subsequent delivery of an infant with congenital Candida infection. We also discuss possible factors responsible for the increased invasiveness of this usually benign condition and management considerations once the diagnosis is made.
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Abstract
A 24 week gestation survivor of congenital Candida pneumonia who received prompt antifungal treatment and modern neonatal intensive care is reported. It was an unusual case in that fungal chorioamnionitis occurred without a foreign body in the maternal genital tract. Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital fungal pneumonia was possible because of prior knowledge of the obstetric history. Amphotericin B was successfully used for the treatment of this condition but combination with fluconazole (a fungistatic agent) was unsatisfactory and may be undesirable. Dexamethasone therapy to assist extubation was instituted once the fungal infection had been successfully controlled.
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[Congenital candida infections]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1993; 141:864-7. [PMID: 8283992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Congenital candida infection is a rare disease, although the incidence of candida vaginitis during pregnancy is high. We report on five cases each showing patterns considered typical for candida infection. The infective agent can cause chorioamnionitis even in the presence of intact fetal membranes. An intrauterine device (IUD) has been proved to be a risk factor for a congenital candida infection. The pathogenetic significance of contamination with candida for the fetus appears to depend largely on gestational age. A premature infant with a birth-weight less than 1500 g presented with bilateral candida endophthalmitis which was cured by intravenous Fluconazole therapy. Another premature infant weighing 800 g at birth developed a systemic candida infection. The other three more mature infants had milder symptoms, two of them presented with cutaneous candidiasis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amniocentesis
- Amphotericin B/administration & dosage
- Candidiasis/congenital
- Candidiasis/diagnosis
- Candidiasis/drug therapy
- Candidiasis, Cutaneous/congenital
- Candidiasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis
- Candidiasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Candidiasis, Oral/congenital
- Candidiasis, Oral/diagnosis
- Candidiasis, Oral/drug therapy
- Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/diagnosis
- Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/drug therapy
- Chorioamnionitis/diagnosis
- Chorioamnionitis/drug therapy
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Endophthalmitis/congenital
- Endophthalmitis/diagnosis
- Endophthalmitis/drug therapy
- Female
- Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/complications
- Flucytosine/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/drug therapy
- Male
- Nystatin/administration & dosage
- Pregnancy
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Treatment of neonatal Candida albicans septicemia with itraconazole. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992; 11:684-5. [PMID: 1326096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Neonatal candidiasis: the current challenge. Clin Perinatol 1991; 18:263-80. [PMID: 1879108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current challenge of neonatal candidiasis arises from the increased survival of very low birthweight infants. It is important to understand those factors affecting normal colonization of the neonate, concomitant with those factors that predispose to fungal invasiveness. Disseminated candidiasis may present with subtle signs and symptoms, but has the potential for a wide variety of organ system involvement. Early initiation of aggressive therapy, with careful monitoring, can lead to a successful outcome.
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Therapeutic treatment of systemic candidiasis in newborns. J Chemother 1991; 3 Suppl 1:240-4. [PMID: 12041777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This report details the management of a group of newborns who had a diagnosis of systemic Candida albicans septicemia. All the infants were extremely preterm (29 weeks' gestation or less) and had predisposing factors to disseminated fungal infections. Diagnosis was made by cultures from blood, urine, and from the tip of indwelling catheters. Therapy was based in all the infants on the combination of amphotericin B (Amph. B) and 5-fluorocytosine (5FC). Amph. B was intravenously administrated at a test dose of 0.1 mg/kg which if tolerated, was increased with scalar doses until a maximum of 0.35-0.50 mg/kg/die. 5FC was intravenously or orally administered at a 100-200 mg/kg/die dose. Time of treatment with Amph B was prolonged from 13 to 30 days and that with 5FC from 11 to 40 days. In two infants there was an increase of transaminases and Gamma GT and no infant had signs of nephrotoxicity. The high therapeutic success (75% of cases) confirms the validity of the utilized therapeutic schemes.
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Abstract
Numerous case reports have been published of patients with cutaneous congenital candidiasis and neonatal candidiasis; however, this is the first reported case of congenital candidiasis confined to the nail plates. A subplacental candidal abscess, funisitis, and demonstration of hyphal invasion of fetal nail plates supported the diagnosis.
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[Congenital cutaneous candidiasis: report of two cases]. ZHONGHUA MINGUO XIAO ER KE YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI [JOURNAL]. ZHONGHUA MINGUO XIAO ER KE YI XUE HUI 1990; 31:396-401. [PMID: 2284948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cutaneous candidiasis is a very rare disease. We reported two newborn infants in whom generalized skin eruption was noted at birth, characteristics of erythematous papules and pustules. The eruption involved head, face, neck, trunk and extremities. Candida albicans was demonstrated on direct KOH smear, by surface fungal cultures and skin biopsy. The disease implies a congenital intrauterine infection and is different from neonatal candidiasis which manifests as thrush, diaper dermatitis. The route of infection is ascending in congenital cutaneous candidiasis. The skin eruption is usually noted at birth or within 12 hours after delivery as a diffuse erythematous maculopapula, with pustules or vesicles distributed over head, face, neck, trunk and extremities. There is no fever; other constitutional signs are lacking. No evidence of impaired immunological responsiveness has been noted in previous study. Clinical features, direct smear examination of specimen and appropriate cultures are useful in differentiating the lesions from other more common dermatoses of the neonatal period. Topical antifungal therapy is sufficient unless systemic candidiasis is present. Prognosis for congenital cutaneous candidiasis is good.
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30
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[Generalized candidiasis in a prematurely born infant]. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR KINDERGENEESKUNDE 1990; 58:179-82. [PMID: 2247882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A male neonate born after spontaneous labor during the 25 3/7 week of gestation, developed a fatal course of disseminated candidiasis. Disseminated candidiasis is seen in newborns undergoing intensive care and has a high mortality rate. Important etiologic factors are low immunologic response, invasive monitoring techniques, systemic antibiotics and parenteral nutrition. Early diagnosis and efficient antimycotic therapy with amphotericin B and if necessary combined with flucytosine contribute a great deal to the chance of survival.
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31
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Candida albicans placentitis and funisitis: early diagnosis of congenital candidemia by histopathologic examination of umbilical cord vessels. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1990; 9:661-5. [PMID: 2235191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Congenital candida pneumonia and sepsis: a case report and review of the literature. J Perinatol 1989; 9:159-61. [PMID: 2661761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A term newborn with Candida albicans infection of the lungs and blood is described. Although no maternal risk factors were identified, this patient's rapid clinical deterioration and postmortem findings suggest congenital infection. Related cases in the literature are reviewed. This case suggests that a diagnosis of fungal pneumonia should be considered in any infant presenting with severe respiratory distress.
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33
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[Intrauterine bacterial infection of the fetus and newborn infant. 1. Its etiology, pathogenesis and prevention in high-risk pregnant women]. AKUSHERSTVO I GINEKOLOGIIA 1989:70-3. [PMID: 2742078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Parenteral 5-fluorocytosine in the therapy of systemic mycoses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 544:571-4. [PMID: 3214092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb40454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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35
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36
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Abstract
Isolation of Candida albicans from the vaginal secretions of pregnant women occurs with an incidence of 5-23%. Intrauterine infection caused by Candida during pregnancy is relatively rare; only 81 cases, all diagnosed after delivery, have been reported. We report six cases of candidal chorioamnionitis diagnosed by amniocentesis and confirmed by histologic studies, associated with preterm labor and delivery of five viable infants. Three of the six maternal patients had intrauterine contraceptive devices in situ. Three infants had a diagnosis of congenital cutaneous candidiasis and two had congenital systemic candidiasis, one with monilial pneumonia, and one with meningitis and septicemia. All viable neonates were treated successfully. The sixth, a very immature infant, died soon after delivery. Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata was isolated from this amniotic fluid. C. Albicans is a pathogen that potentially may cause chorioamnionitis and has been associated with high mortality (94%) in infants weighing less than 1500 gm. Use of amniocentesis in patients with preterm labor may allow early detection of subclinical candidal chorioamnionitis, thus guiding appropriate perinatal management.
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37
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[Opportunistic mycoses in pediatrics]. ARCHIVES FRANCAISES DE PEDIATRIE 1985; 42 Suppl 2:943-7. [PMID: 3833106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The two most important pathologic conditions leading to mycotic opportunistic infections in children are impairment of mechanisms of defense due to immunosuppressive drugs and congenital defects of immunity. Other circumstances belong to pediatrics such as prematurity or cystic fibrosis. A few examples are chosen to illustrate these situations: congenital candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic dermatophytic disease, neonatal candidemia, mycotic infections in chronic granulomatous disease and aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis.
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38
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40
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Abstract
The clinical, pathological, and microbiological features of 18 pregnancies complicated by intrauterine infection with Candida sp. are described. Chorioamnionitis with Candida sp. can be recognised macroscopically at birth. Penetration of the umbilical cord and membranes is associated with an intense fetal inflammatory response. The infection characteristically presents in infants of very low birthweight as pneumonia or a skin infection. In nearly every case the organism can be recovered from the gastric aspirate. A case control study showed that there is a striking association between chorioamnionitis caused by Candida sp. and the presence of a foreign body (an intrauterine contraceptive device or a cervical suture) in the mother's genital tract in pregnancy. This feature in the perinatal history of an infant of short gestation who exhibits a very high neutrophil count should alert the clinician to the possible presence of chorioamnionitis due to Candida sp.
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Abstract
Three new cases of placental candidiasis are reported. Two were associated with fetal cutaneous candidiasis and one with fetal systemic candidiasis. The systemic case was associated with an intrauterine contraceptive device. Infection of the placenta results in small 'granulomata' under the surface of the cord and a diffuse chorioamnionitis of the membranes and chorionic plate. In reviewing the 24 previously reported cases it can be seen that systemic. Candida infection of the fetus results in prematurity and death, infection can occur across intact membranes, and systemic candidiasis in the fetus is likely to be associated with an intrauterine device.
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[Mycotic sepsis]. Arkh Patol 1982; 44:34-40. [PMID: 7082190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycotic sepsis may be caused by obligately and facultatively pathogenic fungi. Obligately pathogenic fungi with dimorphism causing septic forms of cryptococcosis, blastomycoses, sporotrichosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidioidosis produce suppurative-necrotic lesions in the internal organs and the central nervous system. They run a course of primary diseases but occur rarely in our latitudes. More frequently, the septic forms of mycoses are due to conditionally pathogenic fungi (Candida, Aspergilli) and are manifested as a secondarily induced disease under conditions of various forms of immune deficiency of the host. Therefore, the main attention is paid to the discussion of protective reactions, particularly phagocytosis, since the latter has killer mechanisms against fungi. The presented data on the fungicidal system and detailed analysis of the functional properties of macrophages and leukocytes are important for the elucidation of the possibility of accumulation and transfer of medicinal biological substances directed at the elimination of the fungi.
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43
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44
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Abstract
The pathogenesis incidence and epidemiology of Candida vaginitis is considered.
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45
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[Clinical characteristics of candidiasis in the newborn]. PEDIATRIIA 1979:13-6. [PMID: 471657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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47
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[Atresia of the small intestine, cystic fibrosis and septicemia due to Candida albicans in a newborn]. ANNALES DE PEDIATRIE 1976; 23:233-5. [PMID: 16104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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48
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Routes of fetal infection and mechanisms of fetal damage. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1975; 129:444-9. [PMID: 165711 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120410032012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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Abstract
Four new cases of congenital mycosis are described. Fifteen cases were found in the litterature. Although this fetal infection appears to be scarce, its frequency is probably underestimated. Because of the nature of lesions, it is possible to assume that <i>Candida albicans</i> ascends from the vagina through clinically undamaged membranes. The newborn may be a well-developed term baby, a premature, or a small-for-date baby; even miscarriage may happen. The physiopathology of this infection is discussed.
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50
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[Clinical manifestations of fetal infections in the newborn infant. Congenital infections due to Candida albicans]. Minerva Pediatr 1972; 24:1910-1. [PMID: 4565426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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