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Coma Gonzalez AA, Vilella E, Gutiérrez-Zotes A. Social cognition in women with borderline personality disorder based on an exhaustive analysis of the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) categories. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1231-1242. [PMID: 38363876 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A significant number of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms are manifested in the interpersonal context. This can be explained by the difficulties in attributing the mental states of oneself and others, which constitutes social cognition. Errors in social cognition are interrelated with the affective, cognitive, impulsive, and interpersonal areas of the person with BPD. The aims of this study was to analyze social cognition in women with BPD compared with a control group and to analyze social cognition in BPD based on BPD symptoms and its severity. To assess social cognition, we used a full range of social cognition categories provided by the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC): correct theory of mind (ToM); attribution of mental states (thoughts, emotions, or intentions); errors of mentalization; types of ToM; and attribution of mental states through perceptive or cognitive cues and through hot or cold emotions. The MASC has high ecological validity and has been validated in Spanish. The sample comprised 79 women, including 47 women with BPD and 32 healthy women. Worse social cognition performance was observed in women with BPD. More severe borderline symptoms were related to worse functioning in the correct ToM and to errors of no mentalization. Involvement of the cognitive area in borderline symptoms was associated with worse functioning in correct ToM and worse social cognition in cognitive areas as well as with hypermentalization. This is the first study that uses all the MASC categories and considers BPD heterogeneity and its severity to study social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro deinvestigación biomédica en red en salud mental (CIBERSAM), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Zotes
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro deinvestigación biomédica en red en salud mental (CIBERSAM), Salamanca, Spain
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Martins MI, Cardoso FEC, Caramelli P, Mariano LI, Rocha NP, Jaeger A, Teixeira AL, Tumas V, Camargos ST, de Souza LC. Hearts and Minds: Emotion Recognition and Mentalizing in Parkinson's Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:516-522. [PMID: 37856362 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are scarce data comparing Parkinson's disease (PD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) in social cognition (SC). We aimed to compare patients with PSP and PD in SC. METHODS We included three groups: PD (n = 18), PSP (n = 20) and controls (n = 23). Participants underwent neuropsychological exams, including the mini-version of the Social and Emotional Assessment, which is composed of the facial emotion recognition test (FERT) and the modified faux-pas (mFP) test, which assesses Theory of Mind (ToM). RESULTS Patients with PD scored lower than controls in the FERT, but not in the mFP test. Patients with PSP performed worse than controls in both the mFP and FERT. PD and PSP groups did not differ in the FERT, but PSP performed worse than PD in the mFP test. The mFP test distinguished PSP from PD with 89% accuracy. CONCLUSION The assessment of ToM may contribute to the differentiation between PD and PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina I Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francisco E C Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Distúrbios de Movimento da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Grupo de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano I Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Grupo de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natalia P Rocha
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antônio Jaeger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio L Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Santa Casa BH Ensino e Pesquisa, Avenida dos Andradas, 2.688, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vítor Tumas
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah T Camargos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Distúrbios de Movimento da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo C de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Grupo de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Kasper LA, Hauschild S, Berning A, Holl J, Taubner S. Development and validation of the Mentalizing Emotions Questionnaire: A self-report measure for mentalizing emotions of the self and other. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300984. [PMID: 38709789 PMCID: PMC11073734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mentalizing describes the ability to imagine mental states underlying behavior. Furthermore, mentalizing allows one to identify, reflect on, and make sense of one's emotional state as well as to communicate one's emotions to oneself and others. In existing self-report measures, the process of mentalizing emotions in oneself and others was not captured. Therefore, the Mentalizing Emotions Questionnaire (MEQ; current version in German) was developed. In Study 1 (N = 510), we explored the factor structure of the MEQ with an Exploratory Factor Analysis. The factor analysis identified one principal (R2 = .65) and three subfactors: the overall factor was mentalizing emotions, the three subdimensions were self, communicating and other. In Study 2 (N = 509), we tested and confirmed the factor structure of the 16-items MEQ in a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFI = .959, RMSEA = .078, SRMR = .04) and evaluated its psychometric properties, which showed excellent internal consistency (α = .92 - .95) and good validity. The MEQ is a valid and reliable instrument which assesses the ability to mentalize emotions provides incremental validity to related constructs such as empathy that goes beyond other mentalization questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A. Kasper
- Psychological Institute, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophie Hauschild
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Berning
- Psychological Institute, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Holl
- Psychological Institute, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Taubner
- Psychological Institute, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rocca P, Brasso C, Montemagni C, Del Favero E, Bellino S, Bozzatello P, Giordano GM, Caporusso E, Fazio L, Pergola G, Blasi G, Amore M, Calcagno P, Rossi R, Rossi A, Bertolino A, Galderisi S, Maj M. The relationship between the resting state functional connectivity and social cognition in schizophrenia: Results from the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:330-340. [PMID: 38613864 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition (SC) interfere with recovery in schizophrenia (SZ) and may be related to resting state brain connectivity. This study aimed at assessing the alterations in the relationship between resting state functional connectivity and the social-cognitive abilities of patients with SZ compared to healthy subjects. We divided the brain into 246 regions of interest (ROI) following the Human Healthy Volunteers Brainnetome Atlas. For each participant, we calculated the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in terms of degree centrality (DC), which evaluates the total strength of the most powerful coactivations of every ROI with all other ROIs during rest. The rs-DC of the ROIs was correlated with five measures of SC assessing emotion processing and mentalizing in 45 healthy volunteers (HVs) chosen as a normative sample. Then, controlling for symptoms severity, we verified whether these significant associations were altered, i.e., absent or of opposite sign, in 55 patients with SZ. We found five significant differences between SZ patients and HVs: in the patients' group, the correlations between emotion recognition tasks and rsFC of the right entorhinal cortex (R-EC), left superior parietal lobule (L-SPL), right caudal hippocampus (R-c-Hipp), and the right caudal (R-c) and left rostral (L-r) middle temporal gyri (MTG) were lost. An altered resting state functional connectivity of the L-SPL, R-EC, R-c-Hipp, and bilateral MTG in patients with SZ may be associated with impaired emotion recognition. If confirmed, these results may enhance the development of non-invasive brain stimulation interventions targeting those cerebral regions to reduce SC deficit in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Brasso
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Montemagni
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Del Favero
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Bellino
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Bozzatello
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Caporusso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Strada Statale 100, 70010 Casamassima (BA), Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Calcagno
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Smits ML, Feenstra DJ, Blankers M, Kamphuis JH, Bales DL, Dekker JJM, Verheul R, Busschbach JJV, Luyten P. Impact of clinical severity on treatment response in a randomized controlled trial comparing day hospital and intensive outpatient mentalization-based treatment for borderline personality disorder. Personal Ment Health 2024; 18:148-156. [PMID: 38298020 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of clinical severity on treatment outcome in two programs that differ markedly in treatment intensity: day hospital mentalization-based treatment (MBT-DH) and intensive outpatient mentalization-based treatment (MBT-IOP) for borderline personality disorder (BPD). A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants include the full intention-to-treat sample of the original trial of N = 114 randomized BPD patients (MBT-DH n = 70, MBT-IOP n = 44), who were assessed at baseline and subsequently every 6 up to 36 months after start of treatment. Outcomes were general symptom severity, borderline features, and interpersonal functioning. Clinical severity was examined in terms of severity of BPD, general symptom severity, comorbid symptom disorders, comorbid personality disorders, and cluster C personality features. None of the severity measures was related to treatment outcome or differentially predicted treatment outcome in MBT-DH and MBT-IOP, with the exception of a single moderating effect of co morbid symptom disorders on outcome in terms of BPD features, indicating less improvement in MBT-DH for patients with more symptom disorders. Overall, patients with varying levels of clinical severity benefited equally from MBT-DH and MBT-IOP, indicating that clinical severity may not be a useful criterion to differentiate in treatment intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthijs Blankers
- Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan H Kamphuis
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dawn L Bales
- GGZ Breburg, Breda, Netherlands
- MBT-Expertise, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Jack J M Dekker
- Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care and Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan J V Busschbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Section of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Li M, Pu M, Ma Q, Heleven E, Baeken C, Baetens K, Deroost N, Van Overwalle F. One step too far: social cerebellum in norm-violating navigation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae027. [PMID: 38536051 PMCID: PMC11037276 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Social norms are pivotal in guiding social interactions. The current study investigated the potential contribution of the posterior cerebellum, a critical region involved in perceiving and comprehending the sequential dynamics of social actions, in detecting actions that either conform to or deviate from social norms. Participants engaged in a goal-directed task in which they observed others navigating towards a goal. The trajectories demonstrated either norm-violating (trespassing forbidden zones) or norm-following behaviors (avoiding forbidden zones). Results revealed that observing social norm-violating behaviors engaged the bilateral posterior cerebellar Crus 2 and the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) from the mentalizing network, and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) to a greater extent than observing norm-following behaviors. These mentalizing regions were also activated when comparing social sequences against non-social and non-sequential control conditions. Reproducing norm-violating social trajectories observed earlier, activated the left cerebellar Crus 2 and the right PHG compared to reproducing norm-following trajectories. These findings illuminate the neural mechanisms in the cerebellum associated with detecting norm transgressions during social navigation, emphasizing the role of the posterior cerebellum in detecting and signaling deviations from anticipated sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Min Pu
- Department of Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - Qianying Ma
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Language Pathology and Brain Science MEG Lab, School of Communication Sciences, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Elien Heleven
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels 1090, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, Netherlands
| | - Kris Baetens
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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Haihambo N, Ma Q, Baetens K, Bylemans T, Heleven E, Baeken C, Deroost N, Van Overwalle F. Two is company: The posterior cerebellum and sequencing for pairs versus individuals during social preference prediction. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2023; 23:1482-1499. [PMID: 37821755 PMCID: PMC10684703 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified that the posterior cerebellum, which plays a role in processing temporal sequences in social events, is consistently and robustly activated when we predict future action sequences based on personality traits (Haihambo Haihambo et al. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 17(2), 241-251, 2022) and intentions (Haihambo et al. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience 23(2), 323-339, 2023). In the current study, we investigated whether these cerebellar areas are selectively activated when we predict the sequences of (inter)actions based on protagonists' preferences. For the first time, we also compared predictions based on person-to-person interactions or single person activities. Participants were instructed to predict actions of one single or two interactive protagonists by selecting them and putting them in the correct chronological order after being informed about one of the protagonists' preferences. These conditions were contrasted against nonsocial (involving objects) and nonsequencing (prediction without generating a sequence) control conditions. Results showed that the posterior cerebellar Crus 1, Crus 2, and lobule IX, alongside the temporoparietal junction and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex were more robustly activated when predicting sequences of behavior of two interactive protagonists, compared to one single protagonist and nonsocial objects. Sequence predictions based on one single protagonist recruited lobule IX activation in the cerebellum and more ventral areas of the medial prefrontal cortex compared to a nonsocial object. These cerebellar activations were not found when making predictions without sequences. Together, these findings suggest that cerebellar mentalizing areas are involved in social mentalizing processes which require temporal sequencing, especially when they involve social interactions, rather than behaviors of single persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naem Haihambo
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Qianying Ma
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Baetens
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Bylemans
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elien Heleven
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital UZBrussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Asgarizadeh A, Vahidi E, Seyed Mousavi PS, Bagherzanjani A, Ghanbari S. Mentalization Scale (MentS): Validity and reliability of the Iranian version in a sample of nonclinical adults. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3114. [PMID: 37277991 PMCID: PMC10454271 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mentalizing incapacity is increasingly identified as a common factor in psychopathology. The Mentalization Scale (MentS) is a cost-effective measure built upon the dimensional model of mentalizing. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of MentS. METHODS Two samples of community-based adults (N1 = 450, N2 = 445) completed different batteries of self-report measures. In addition to MentS, participants completed measures of reflective functioning and attachment insecurities in the first sample and a measure of emotion dysregulation in the second sample. RESULTS Due to the conflicting results of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, an item-parceling approach was applied, which replicated the original three-factor structure of MentS, yielding Self-Related Mentalization, Other-Related Mentalization, and Motivation to Mentalize. The reliability and convergent validity of MentS were supported in both samples. CONCLUSION Our findings provided preliminary evidence for using the Iranian version of MentS in nonclinical populations as a reliable and valid measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Asgarizadeh
- Faculty of Education and PsychologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Elahe Vahidi
- Faculty of Education and PsychologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Bagherzanjani
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Saeed Ghanbari
- Faculty of Education and PsychologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
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Gori A, Topino E. Exploring and Deepening the Facets of Mentalizing: The Integration of Network and Factorial Analysis Approaches to Verify the Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Mentalizing Questionnaire (MMQ). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4744. [PMID: 36981653 PMCID: PMC10049311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mentalization is a complex and multifaceted trans-theoretical and trans-diagnostic construct that has found increasing application in the clinical context. This research aimed at deepening the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Mentalizing Questionnaire (MMQ), a 33-item theoretically based self-report questionnaire allowing for a comprehensive assessment of mentalizing, by integrating factor analysis and network analysis approaches. A sample of 1640 participants (Mage = 33 years; SD = 13.28) was involved in the research. The six-factor structure was confirmed for the MMQ, and both the total and the subdimensions demonstrated good reliability. The network analysis has further enriched these results, showing the central role of the items attributable to Emotional Dysregulation or Reflexivity in influencing the network as well as the contribution of aspects related to Relational Discomfort in managing the flow of communication flow. Such findings may have useful clinical implications and emphasize the usefulness of the MMQ in both research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
- Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI), Via Ricasoli 32, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy
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10
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Pu M, Ma Q, Heleven E, Delplanque J, Baetens K, Haihambo N, Baeken C, Deroost N, Van Overwalle F. This is not who you are: The posterior cerebellum and stereotype-inconsistent action sequences. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2022; 22:1090-1107. [PMID: 35411417 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has indicated that the posterior cerebellum plays a crucial role in social cognition by encoding sequences of social actions. This study investigates its role in learning sequences of stereotype-implying actions by group members. We presented a set of five sentences that each described a group member who performed either stereotype-consistent or inconsistent actions. Participants were instructed to memorize the temporal order of the sentences and infer a common stereotype of the group. As a comparison, we included control conditions where participants had to memorize sequences of nonsocial consistent events or simply read stereotype-consistent sentences without memorizing their order. The results showed that the posterior cerebellum was strongly activated when participants were memorizing the order of the social actions, as opposed to simply reading these social actions. More importantly, when the social actions were inconsistent as opposed to consistent with the stereotype of the group, the posterior cerebellum was activated more strongly. This activation occurred together with cortical recruitment of the mentalizing network involving the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) during social actions, and additionally the conflict monitoring network involving the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior medial frontal cortex (pmFC) during stereotype-inconsistent actions. These findings suggest that the cerebellum supports not only learning of low-level action sequences, but also of their high-level social implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pu
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Qianying Ma
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elien Heleven
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Delplanque
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Baetens
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Cetin S, Sozeri Varma G, Toker Ugurlu T, Ozdel IO. Theory of Mind in Somatization and Depression: Is It Cause or Phenomenon? J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:911-917. [PMID: 34310521 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although mentalization is important in somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), it is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between somatic and depressive symptoms with mentalization. A total of 48 patients diagnosed with SSD, 50 patients diagnosed with MDD, and 50 healthy individuals, participated the study. The Montgomery-Asperg Depression Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) were applied to the participants. The patients with SSD showed significantly the lowest performance of theory of mind. There was no significant difference between MDD and healthy controls. High somatization score was found to be a predictor for low RMET scores (95% confidence interval, -0.339; p = 0.014). Mentalization deficit seems to be associated with somatization rather than depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulfizar Sozeri Varma
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tugce Toker Ugurlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ismail Osman Ozdel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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12
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Rogoff S, Moulton-Perkins A, Warren F, Nolte T, Fonagy P. 'Rich' and 'poor' in mentalizing: Do expert mentalizers exist? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259030. [PMID: 34695171 PMCID: PMC8544847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentalization theory is concerned with the capacity to notice, and make sense of, thoughts and feelings in self and others. This development may be healthy or impaired and therefore, by extension, it may be theorized that expertise in mentalizing can exist. Furthermore, a continuum from impairment to expertise should exist within separate dimensions of mentalizing: of self and of others. This study hypothesized that three groups would be distinguishable on the basis of their mentalizing capacities. In a cross-sectional design, Psychological Therapists (‘expert’ mentalizers; n = 51), individuals with a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (‘poor’ mentalizers; n = 43) and members of the general population (‘non-clinical controls’; n = 35) completed a battery of self-report measures. These assessed the mentalizing of self and of others (using an extended version of the Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ18)), alexithymia and cognitive empathy. As hypothesized, Psychological Therapists’ scores were higher than controls on self-mentalizing and control group scores were higher than those with BPD. Cognitive empathy scores in the BPD group indicated markedly lower capacities than the other two groups. Contrary to predictions, no significant differences were found between groups on mentalizing others in RFQ18 scores. The Psychological Therapist and BPD profiles were characterized by differential impairment with regards to mentalizing self and others but in opposing directions. Results suggest that the RFQ18 can identify groups with expertise in mentalizing. Implications of these results for the effectiveness of psychological therapy and of Psychological Therapists are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rogoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Fiona Warren
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Nolte
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children & Families, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Henry A, Raucher-Chéné D, Obert A, Gobin P, Vucurovic K, Barrière S, Sacré S, Portefaix C, Gierski F, Caillies S, Kaladjian A. Investigation of the neural correlates of mentalizing through the Dynamic Inference Task, a new naturalistic task of social cognition. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118499. [PMID: 34438254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding others' intentions requires both the identification of social cues (e.g., emotional facial expressions, gaze direction) and the attribution of a mental state to another. The neural substrates of these processes have often been studied separately, and results are heterogeneous, in part attributable to the variety of paradigms used. The aim of the present study was to explore the neural regions underlying these sociocognitive processes, using a novel naturalistic task in which participants engage with human protagonists featured in videos. A total of 51 right-handed volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing the Dynamic Inference Task (DIT), manipulating the degree of inference (high vs. low), the presence of emotion (emotional vs. nonemotional), and gaze direction (direct vs. averted). High nonemotional inference elicited neural activation in temporal regions encompassing the right posterior superior temporal sulcus. The presence (vs. absence) of emotion in the high-inference condition elicited a bilateral pattern of activation in internal temporal areas around the amygdala and orbitofrontal structures, as well as activation in the right dorsomedial part of the superior frontal gyrus and the left precuneus. On account of its dynamic, naturalistic approach, the DIT seems a suitable task for exploring social interactions and the way we interact with others, both in nonclinical and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Henry
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, Reims Cedex 51571, France; Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 8 Rue Roger Aubry, Reims 51100, France.
| | - Delphine Raucher-Chéné
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, Reims Cedex 51571, France; Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 8 Rue Roger Aubry, Reims 51100, France; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Obert
- Cognition Sciences, Technology & Ergonomics Laboratory, Champollion National University Institute, University of Toulouse, Place de Verdun, Albi 81000, France.
| | - Pamela Gobin
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, Reims Cedex 51571, France; Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 8 Rue Roger Aubry, Reims 51100, France.
| | - Ksenija Vucurovic
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, Reims Cedex 51571, France; Centre Rémois de Psychothérapie et Neuromodulation, 15 rue Baillia Rolland, Reims 51100, France
| | - Sarah Barrière
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 8 Rue Roger Aubry, Reims 51100, France.
| | - Séverine Sacré
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, Reims Cedex 51571, France
| | - Christophe Portefaix
- Radiology Department, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, Reims 51092, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire CReSTIC, Campus Moulin de la Housse, Chemin des Rouliers, Reims 51680, France.
| | - Fabien Gierski
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, Reims Cedex 51571, France; Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 8 Rue Roger Aubry, Reims 51100, France; INSERM U1247 GRAP, Research Group on Alcohol and Drugs, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue Laennec, Amiens 80054, France.
| | - Stéphanie Caillies
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, Reims Cedex 51571, France.
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé et Société, B.P. 30, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, Reims Cedex 51571, France; Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 8 Rue Roger Aubry, Reims 51100, France; Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, Reims 51100, France.
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14
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Wang Y, Metoki A, Xia Y, Zang Y, He Y, Olson IR. A large-scale structural and functional connectome of social mentalizing. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118115. [PMID: 33933599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have a remarkable ability to infer the mind of others. This mentalizing skill relies on a distributed network of brain regions but how these regions connect and interact is not well understood. Here we leveraged large-scale multimodal neuroimaging data to elucidate the brain-wide organization and mechanisms of mentalizing processing. Key connectomic features of the mentalizing network (MTN) have been delineated in exquisite detail. We found the structural architecture of MTN is organized by two parallel subsystems and constructed redundantly by local and long-range white matter fibers. We uncovered an intrinsic functional architecture that is synchronized according to the degree of mentalizing, and its hierarchy reflects the inherent information integration order. We also examined the correspondence between the structural and functional connectivity in the network and revealed their differences in network topology, individual variance, spatial specificity, and functional specificity. Finally, we scrutinized the connectome resemblance between the default mode network and MTN and elaborated their inherent differences in dynamic patterns, laterality, and homogeneity. Overall, our study demonstrates that mentalizing processing unfolds across functionally heterogeneous regions with highly structured fiber tracts and unique hierarchical functional architecture, which make it distinguishable from the default mode network and other vicinity brain networks supporting autobiographical memory, semantic memory, self-referential, moral reasoning, and mental time travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Athanasia Metoki
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunman Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Zang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Zhen S, Yu R. Neural correlates of recursive thinking during interpersonal strategic interactions. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2128-2146. [PMID: 33512053 PMCID: PMC8046141 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To navigate the complex social world, individuals need to represent others' mental states to think strategically and predict their next move. Strategic mentalizing can be classified into different levels of theory of mind according to its order of mental state attribution of other people's beliefs, desires, intentions, and so forth. For example, reasoning people's beliefs about simple world facts is the first-order attribution while going further to reason people's beliefs about the minds of others is the second-order attribution. The neural substrates that support such high-order recursive reasoning in strategic interpersonal interactions are still unclear. Here, using a sequential-move interactional game together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we showed that recursive reasoning engaged the frontal-subcortical regions. At the stimulus stage, the ventral striatum was more activated in high-order reasoning as compared with low-order reasoning. At the decision stage, high-order reasoning activated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and other mentalizing regions. Moreover, functional connectivity between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the insula/hippocampus was positively correlated with individual differences in high-order social reasoning. This work delineates the neural correlates of high-order recursive thinking in strategic games and highlights the key role of the interplay between mPFC and subcortical regions in advanced social decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhen
- Department of PsychologyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, School of BusinessHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social SciencesHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
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16
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Dawson K, Zhu J, Ritzhaupt AD, Antonenko P, Saunders K, Wang J, Lombardino L. The influence of the multimedia and modality principles on the learning outcomes, satisfaction, and mental effort of college students with and without dyslexia. Ann Dyslexia 2021; 71:188-210. [PMID: 33768387 DOI: 10.1007/s11881-021-00219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the application of the multimedia and modality principles on cued-recall, recognition, and mental effort of college students with and without dyslexia. The study used a Multimedia (Image Present vs. Image Absent) × Modality (Narration vs. Onscreen Text) × Dyslexia (Dyslexia vs. Non-Dyslexia) 3-way factorial design with each independent variable serving as a between-subject condition. A total of N = 148 participants (73 with dyslexia and 75 without dyslexia) were recruited from five different institutions of higher education in the Southeastern United States and systematically assigned to one of four multimedia learning conditions. After assessing our data for statistical assumptions, we employed factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) models on each dependent measure. Our findings show a reverse modality effect for students with dyslexia who performed better than their peers without dyslexia in Onscreen Text conditions. Although performance was better across groups and conditions when images were present, there were no significant interactions related to the multimedia condition. Similarly, there were no significant interactions related to mental effort even though learners with dyslexia exhibited high instructional efficiency in the Onscreen Text-Image Present condition while learners without dyslexia exhibited low task involvement in the Onscreen Text-Image Absent condition. Our results provide theoretical implications and important avenues for future research and practice as related to how multimedia learning influences students with dyslexia. We also suggest studies that could inform the eventual design of adaptive and personalized multimedia learning solutions for learners with dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Dawson
- School of Teaching and Learning, College of Education, University of Florida, 2423 Norman Hall, PO BOX 117048, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Jiawen Zhu
- School of Teaching and Learning, College of Education, University of Florida, 2423 Norman Hall, PO BOX 117048, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Albert D Ritzhaupt
- School of Teaching and Learning, College of Education, University of Florida, 2423 Norman Hall, PO BOX 117048, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Pavlo Antonenko
- School of Teaching and Learning, College of Education, University of Florida, 2423 Norman Hall, PO BOX 117048, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | | | - Linda Lombardino
- School of Special Education, School Pyschology and Early Childhood Studies, University of Florida, Kent, OH, USA
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17
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Van Overwalle F, Manto M, Cattaneo Z, Clausi S, Ferrari C, Gabrieli JDE, Guell X, Heleven E, Lupo M, Ma Q, Michelutti M, Olivito G, Pu M, Rice LC, Schmahmann JD, Siciliano L, Sokolov AA, Stoodley CJ, van Dun K, Vandervert L, Leggio M. Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Social Cognition. Cerebellum 2020; 19:833-868. [PMID: 32632709 PMCID: PMC7588399 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The traditional view on the cerebellum is that it controls motor behavior. Although recent work has revealed that the cerebellum supports also nonmotor functions such as cognition and affect, only during the last 5 years it has become evident that the cerebellum also plays an important social role. This role is evident in social cognition based on interpreting goal-directed actions through the movements of individuals (social "mirroring") which is very close to its original role in motor learning, as well as in social understanding of other individuals' mental state, such as their intentions, beliefs, past behaviors, future aspirations, and personality traits (social "mentalizing"). Most of this mentalizing role is supported by the posterior cerebellum (e.g., Crus I and II). The most dominant hypothesis is that the cerebellum assists in learning and understanding social action sequences, and so facilitates social cognition by supporting optimal predictions about imminent or future social interaction and cooperation. This consensus paper brings together experts from different fields to discuss recent efforts in understanding the role of the cerebellum in social cognition, and the understanding of social behaviors and mental states by others, its effect on clinical impairments such as cerebellar ataxia and autism spectrum disorder, and how the cerebellum can become a potential target for noninvasive brain stimulation as a therapeutic intervention. We report on the most recent empirical findings and techniques for understanding and manipulating cerebellar circuits in humans. Cerebellar circuitry appears now as a key structure to elucidate social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Van Overwalle
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mario Manto
- Mediathèque Jean Jacquy, Service de Neurologie, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
- Service des Neurosciences, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Clausi
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Xavier Guell
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- Ataxia Unit, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Elien Heleven
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michela Lupo
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Qianying Ma
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Michelutti
- Service de Neurologie & Neuroscape@NeuroTech Platform, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Service de Neurologie Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Min Pu
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura C. Rice
- Department of Psychology and Department of Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Jeremy D. Schmahmann
- Ataxia Unit, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arseny A. Sokolov
- Service de Neurologie & Neuroscape@NeuroTech Platform, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Service de Neurologie Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Neurorehabilitation, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Neuroscape Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Catherine J. Stoodley
- Department of Psychology and Department of Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kim van Dun
- Neurologic Rehabilitation Research, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Larry Vandervert
- American Nonlinear Systems, 1529 W. Courtland Avenue, Spokane, WA 99205-2608 USA
| | - Maria Leggio
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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18
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Damen D, van der Wijst P, van Amelsvoort M, Krahmer E. Can the curse of knowing be lifted? The influence of explicit perspective-focus instructions on readers' perspective-taking. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2020; 46:1407-1423. [PMID: 32162961 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Perceivers of other minds often overestimate the similarity between their own and other people's perspectives. This egocentric projection during perspective-taking is argued to originate from perceivers' tendency to use their own perspective as a referential anchor from which they insufficiently adjust away to account for an alternative interpretation. We investigated whether an explicit focus on another person's point of view allows perceivers to make sufficient perspective-adjustments, thereby attenuating their egocentric projection. Findings showed that we successfully replicated Keysar's (1994) illusory transparency of intention effect (Experiment 1) and Epley, Keysar, Van Boven, and Gilovich's (2004) findings that confirm perceivers' egocentric anchoring and (insufficient) adjustment during perspective-taking (Experiment 2). We further showed that enhancing perceivers' attention to another person's perspective both prior (Experiment 1) and during (Experiment 2) perspective-taking did not diminish egocentric projection. Findings are discussed in light of the role of feedback in making accurate perspective-adjustments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Damen
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University
| | | | | | - Emiel Krahmer
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University
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19
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Cracco E, Hudson AR, Van Hamme C, Maeyens L, Brass M, Mueller SC. Early interpersonal trauma reduces temporoparietal junction activity during spontaneous mentalising. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:12-22. [PMID: 32248239 PMCID: PMC7171375 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience of interpersonal trauma and violence alters self-other distinction and mentalising abilities (also known as theory of mind, or ToM), yet little is known about their neural correlates. This fMRI study assessed temporoparietal junction (TPJ) activation, an area strongly implicated in interpersonal processing, during spontaneous mentalising in 35 adult women with histories of childhood physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse (childhood abuse; CA) and 31 women without such experiences (unaffected comparisons; UC). Participants watched movies during which an agent formed true or false beliefs about the location of a ball, while participants always knew the true location of the ball. As hypothesised, right TPJ activation was greater for UCs compared to CAs for false vs true belief conditions. In addition, CAs showed increased functional connectivity relative to UCs between the rTPJ and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Finally, the agent's belief about the presence of the ball influenced participants' responses (ToM index), but without group differences. These findings highlight that experiencing early interpersonal trauma can alter brain areas involved in the neural processing of ToM and perspective-taking during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel Cracco
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna R Hudson
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Maeyens
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marcel Brass
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven C Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
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Lin N, Xu Y, Wang X, Yang H, Du M, Hua H, Li X. Coin, telephone, and handcuffs: Neural correlates of social knowledge of inanimate objects. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107187. [PMID: 31499047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of objects are made to serve social functions. The use of these objects has greatly enriched and expanded our social behaviors. How do our brains represent the social knowledge of inanimate objects such as coins, telephones, and handcuffs? According to a recent version of the grounded theory, social knowledge of inanimate objects might be grounded in the mentalizing network, as the social functions of inanimate objects are closely associated with the intentions of the people using them. However, there is also evidence that the mentalizing network may only get activated when a human/mental agent is detected. Using fMRI, we explored the neural correlates of social knowledge of inanimate objects by comparing the brain activation evoked by high-sociality object nouns (e.g., banknote) with that evoked by low-sociality object nouns (e.g., battery). The left anterior superior temporal sulcus, a classic part of the mentalizing network, showed higher activation for the high-sociality inanimate object nouns than for the low-sociality ones in the whole-brain analysis. Several other areas of the mentalizing network showed sensitivity to object sociality in small volume correction and/or region-of-interest analyses. Our findings indicate that social knowledge of inanimate objects is supported by brain areas in the mentalizing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yangwen Xu
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huichao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Menglin Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huimin Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingshan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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21
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Griffiths H, Duffy F, Duffy L, Brown S, Hockaday H, Eliasson E, Graham J, Smith J, Thomson A, Schwannauer M. Efficacy of Mentalization-based group therapy for adolescents: the results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:167. [PMID: 31170947 PMCID: PMC6554935 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mentalization Based Therapy (MBT) has yielded promising outcomes for reducing self-harm, although to date only one study has reported MBT's effectiveness for adolescents (Rossouw and Fonagy, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 51:1304-1313, 2012) wherein the treatment protocol consisted of an intensive programme of individual and family therapy. We sought to investigate an adaptation of the adult MBT introductory manual in a group format for adolescents. METHODS The present study is a randomised controlled single blind feasibility trial that aims to (1) adapt the original explicit MBT introductory group manual for an adolescent population (MBT-Ai) and to (2) assess the feasibility of a trial of MBT-Ai through examination of consent rates, attendance, attrition and self-harm. Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to examine change over time in independent and dependent variables between groups, and multi level models (MLM) were conducted to examine key predictors in relation to change over time with self-report self-harm and emergency department presentation for harm as the primary outcome variables. RESULTS Fifty-three young people consented to participate and were randomised to MBT-Ai + TAU or TAU alone. Five participants withdrew from the trial. Trial procedures seemed appropriate and safe, with acceptable group attendance. Self-reported self-harm and emergency department presentation for self-harm significantly decreased over time in both groups, though there were no between group differences. Social anxiety, emotion regulation, and borderline traits also significantly decreased over time in both groups. Mentalization emerged as a significant predictor of change over time in self reported self harm and hospital presentation for self-harm. CONCLUSIONS It was feasible to carry out an RCT of MBT-Ai for adolescents already attending NHS CAMHS who have recently self-harmed. Our data gave signals that suggested a relatively brief group-based MBT-Ai intervention may be a promising intervention with potential for service implementation. Future research should consider the appropriate format, dosage and intensity of MBT for the adolescent population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02771691 ; Trial Registration Date: 25/04/2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Griffiths
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Fiona Duffy
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Louise Duffy
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Sarah Brown
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Harriet Hockaday
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Emma Eliasson
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Jessica Graham
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Julie Smith
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Alice Thomson
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- NHS Lothian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Tipperlinn Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
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Van Overwalle F, De Coninck S, Heleven E, Perrotta G, Taib NOB, Manto M, Mariën P. The role of the cerebellum in reconstructing social action sequences: a pilot study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:549-558. [PMID: 31037308 PMCID: PMC6545532 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that the cerebellum plays a critical role in social reasoning and in particular in understanding false beliefs and making trait attributions. One hypothesis is that the cerebellum is responsible for the understanding of sequences of motions and actions, which may be a prerequisite for social understanding. To investigate the role of action sequencing in mentalizing, we tested patients with generalized cerebellar degenerative lesions on tests of social understanding and compared their performance with matched healthy volunteers. The tests involved understanding violations of social norms making trait and causal attributions on the basis of short behavioral sentences and generating the correct chronological order of social actions depicted in cartoons (picture sequencing task). Cerebellar patients showed clear deficits only on the picture sequencing task when generating the correct order of cartoons depicting false belief stories and showed at or close to normal performance for mechanical stories and overlearned social scripts. In addition, they performed marginally worse on trait attributions inferred from verbal behavioral descriptions. We conclude that inferring the mental state of others through understanding the correct sequences of their actions requires the support of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah De Coninck
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Psychology, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Inclusive Society, University College Leuven-Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Elien Heleven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Psychology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaetano Perrotta
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Mario Manto
- Neurology Deparment, University Medical Center, Charleroi, Belgium and Neuroscience Department, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Peter Mariën
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Psychology, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Sacchetti S, Robinson P, Bogaardt A, Clare A, Ouellet-Courtois C, Luyten P, Bateman A, Fonagy P. Reduced mentalizing in patients with bulimia nervosa and features of borderline personality disorder: A case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:134. [PMID: 31060534 PMCID: PMC6501333 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mentalizing, the mental capacity to understand oneself and others in terms of mental states, has been found to be reduced in some mental disorders such as Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Some studies have suggested that Eating Disorders (EDs) may also be associated with impairments in mentalizing, but studies have not always yielded consistent results. This is the first study to systematically investigate mentalizing impairments in patients with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) compared with controls. In addition, we investigated whether impairments in mentalizing were related to BPD features, rather than BN per se, given the high comorbidity between BPD and BN. METHODS Patients with BN (n = 53) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 87) completed a battery of measures assessing mentalizing including the Reflective Function Questionnaires (RFQ), the Object Relations Inventory (ORI; Differentiation-Relatedness Scales) and the Reading The Mind in The Eyes Test (RMET). RESULTS Patients with BN scored significantly lower than HCs on all tests of mentalizing, with moderate to large between-group effect sizes. These differences were partially accounted for by BPD features as assessed with the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD), and partially by bulimic symptoms measured with the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). CONCLUSIONS Patients with BN have significantly lower levels of mentalizing as assessed with a broad range of tests compared to HCs. These differences were related to both bulimic symptoms and BPD features. Although further research in larger samples is needed, if replicated, these findings suggest that poor mentalizing may be a significant factor in BN patients and should be addressed in treatment, regardless of the presence of BPD features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sacchetti
- Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Robinson
- Nutrition Science Group, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
- Barnet Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust, London, UK.
| | | | - Ajay Clare
- Barnet Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Patrick Luyten
- Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Bateman
- Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Kingstone A, Kachkovski G, Vasilyev D, Kuk M, Welsh TN. Mental attribution is not sufficient or necessary to trigger attentional orienting to gaze. Cognition 2019; 189:35-40. [PMID: 30921692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Attention can be shifted in the direction that another person is looking, but the role played by an observer's mental attribution to the looker is controversial. And whether mental attribution to the looker is sufficient to trigger an attention shift is unknown. The current study introduces a novel paradigm to investigate this latter issue. An actor is presented on video turning his head to the left or right before a target appears, randomly, at the gazed-at or non-gazed at location. Time to detect the target is measured. The standard finding is that target detection is more efficient at the gazed-at than the nongazed-at location, indicating that attention is shifted to the gazed-at location. Critically, in the current study, an actor is wearing two identical masks - one covering his face and the other the back of his head. Thus, after the head turn, participants are presented with the profile of two faces, one looking left and one looking right. For a gaze cuing effect to emerge, participants must attribute a mental state to the actor - as looking through one mask and not the other. Over the course of four experiments we report that when mental attribution is necessary, a shift in social attention does not occur (i.e., mental attribution is not sufficient to produce a social attention effect); and when mental attribution is not necessary, a shift in social attention does occur. Thus, mental attribution is neither sufficient nor necessary for the occurrence of an involuntary shift in social attention. The present findings constrain future models of social attention that wish to link gaze cuing to mental attribution.
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25
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Yatziv T, Kessler Y, Atzaba-Poria N. What's going on in my baby's mind? Mothers' executive functions contribute to individual differences in maternal mentalization during mother-infant interactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207869. [PMID: 30500853 PMCID: PMC6267990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal mentalization refers to a mother's capacity to understand mental-states of herself and her child and to regard her child as a psychological agent. In mother-infant interactions, this capacity is commonly conceptualized as maternal mind-mindedness, which can be divided into two dimensions: appropriate and nonattuned interpretations of the infants' mental-states. Appropriate mind-mindedness refers to interpretations that seem to be compatible with the infant's behaviors, whereas nonattuned mind-mindedness refers to noncompatible interpretations. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive mechanisms that contribute to mind-mindedness. Specifically, we investigated the role of executive functions in appropriate and nonattuned mind-mindedness, and the moderating roles of two infant-related factors, prematurity (as a stressful context) and child temperament (as a context of unpredictability and negative emotionality). To this end, mother-infant free play interactions were coded for mind-mindedness in a sample of 102 mothers and their 6-month-old infants (61 preterm, 41 full-term). When children were 66-months old, mothers completed cognitive tasks that assessed working memory updating, resistance to interference, response inhibition, and shifting. Appropriate mind-mindedness was positively associated with updating, and this link was stronger when infant temperament was rated as more difficult. Furthermore, among mothers of full-term infants, mothers' resistance to interference was negatively associated with nonattuned mind-mindedness. This link was not evident in the stressful context of premature birth. Mothers' response inhibition and shifting were not associated with either of the mind-mindedness dimensions. Implications on understanding variability in maternal mentalization during mother-infant interactions and the roles of executive functions in parenting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Yatziv
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoav Kessler
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Naama Atzaba-Poria
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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26
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Abstract
Humans have a remarkable ability to simulate the minds of others. How the brain distinguishes between mental states attributed to self and mental states attributed to someone else is unknown. Here, we investigated how fundamental neural learning signals are selectively attributed to different agents. Specifically, we asked whether learning signals are encoded in agent-specific neural patterns or whether a self–other distinction depends on encoding agent identity separately from this learning signal. To examine this, we tasked subjects to learn continuously 2 models of the same environment, such that one was selectively attributed to self and the other was selectively attributed to another agent. Combining computational modelling with magnetoencephalography (MEG) enabled us to track neural representations of prediction errors (PEs) and beliefs attributed to self, and of simulated PEs and beliefs attributed to another agent. We found that the representational pattern of a PE reliably predicts the identity of the agent to whom the signal is attributed, consistent with a neural self–other distinction implemented via agent-specific learning signals. Strikingly, subjects exhibiting a weaker neural self–other distinction also had a reduced behavioural capacity for self–other distinction and displayed more marked subclinical psychopathological traits. The neural self–other distinction was also modulated by social context, evidenced in a significantly reduced decoding of agent identity in a nonsocial control task. Thus, we show that self–other distinction is realised through an encoding of agent identity intrinsic to fundamental learning signals. The observation that the fidelity of this encoding predicts psychopathological traits is of interest as a potential neurocomputational psychiatric biomarker. In order for people to have meaningful social interactions, they need to infer each other’s beliefs. Converging evidence from humans and nonhuman primates suggests that a person’s brain can represent a second person’s beliefs by simulating that second person’s brain activity. However, it is not known how the outputs of those simulations are identified as ‘yours and not mine’. This ability to distinguish self from other is required for social cognition, and it may be impaired in mental health disorders with social cognitive deficits. We investigated self–other distinction in healthy adults learning about an environment both from their own point of view and the point of view of another person. We used computationally identified learning variables and then detected how these variables are represented by measuring magnetic fields in the brain. We found that the human brain can distinguish self from other by expressing these signals in dissociable activity patterns. Subjects who showed the largest difference between self signals and other signals were better at distinguishing self from other in the task and also showed fewer traits of mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Ereira
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Raymond J. Dolan
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zeb Kurth-Nelson
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Google DeepMind, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Snippe E, Viechtbauer W, Geschwind N, Klippel A, de Jonge P, Wichers M. The Impact of Treatments for Depression on the Dynamic Network Structure of Mental States: Two Randomized Controlled Trials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46523. [PMID: 28425449 PMCID: PMC5397847 DOI: 10.1038/srep46523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is growing that vulnerability to depression may be characterized by strong negative feedback loops between mental states. It is unknown whether such dynamics between mental states can be altered by treatment. This study examined whether treatment with imipramine or treatment with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) reduces the connectivity within dynamic networks of mental states in individuals with depressive symptoms. In the Imipramine trial, individuals diagnosed with major depression were randomized to imipramine treatment or placebo-pill treatment (n = 50). In the Mind-Maastricht trial, individuals with residual depressive symptoms were randomized to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) or to a waiting-list control condition (n = 119). Lagged associations among mental states, as assessed with the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), were estimated at baseline and post-intervention. The results show that few of the dynamic network connections changed significantly over time and few of the changes after MBCT and imipramine treatment differed significantly from the control groups. The decrease in average node connectivity after MBCT did not differ from the decrease observed in the waiting-list control group. Our findings suggest that imipramine treatment and MBCT do not greatly change the dynamic network structure of mental states, even though they do reduce depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Snippe
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Geschwind
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annelie Klippel
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter de Jonge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, the Netherlands
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