Present role and future perspectives of interventional radiology in the treatment of painful bone lesions

Interventional radiology has experienced an exponential growth in the last years. Nowadays it is possible to treat painful benign lesions or metastases with optimal results in terms of pain management and disease control. Among the benign lesions, osteoid osteoma is the most frequently treated with minimal invasive techniques and the results are excellent. Another lesion, traditionally treated with surgery (osteoblastoma) represent today another field of application. In the oncological field, metastases are, numerically, the most diffuse indications for treatment. Research carried out during the last decades has provided the interventional radiologist with a great variety of techniques of ablation and devices for monitoring the sensitive structures close to the target lesion. New ablation techniques and monitoring devices contribute to the achievement of significantly increasing rates of effectiveness and safety of interventional radiology procedures.

Facile Syntheses and Molecular-Docking of Novel Substituted 3,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide/carbohydrazide Analogues with Antimicrobial and Antifungal Properties

The article describes the use of facile one-pot, high-yielding reactions to synthesize substituted 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamides 3a–m and carbohydrazide analogues 5a–l as potential antifungal and antimicrobial agents. The structural identity and purity of the synthesized compounds were assigned based on appropriate spectroscopic techniques. Synthesized compounds were assessed in vitro for antifungal and antibacterial activity. The compounds 5h, 5i and 5j were found to be the most potent against Aspergillusfumigatus, with MIC values of 0.039 mg/mL. The compound 5f bearing a 2, 6-dichloro group on the phenyl ring was found to be the most active broad spectrum antibacterial agent with a MIC value of 0.039 mg/mL. The mode of action of the most promising antifungal compounds (one representative from each series; 3j and 5h) was established by their molecular docking with the active site of sterol 14α-demethylase. Molecular docking studies revealed a highly spontaneous binding ability of the tested compounds in the access channel away from catalytic heme iron of the enzyme, which suggested that the tested compounds inhibit this enzyme and would avoid heme iron-related deleterious side effects observed with many existing antifungal compounds.

Analytical Approaches to the Characterization of Solid Drug Delivery Systems with Porous Adsorbent Carriers

A large variety of analytical techniques are available to meet the needs of characterization of solid samples. But, when solid drug delivery systems are concerned we are faced with demanding methodologies which have to compile capabilities of analytical techniques in regard to large diversity of structures and surface functionality of analyzed adsorbent carriers. In this review, the most commonly used analytical techniques are presented with their basic principles, advantages and disadvantages in applications of interest. Adsorbent carriers are widely used today as ingredients in the formulation of pharmaceutical forms, for increasing the dissolution rate of the drug and hence the bioavailability. They are also used in the formulation of substances with modified or target drug release into a specific tissue. Methods of thermal analysis (Thermogravimetry - TGA, Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC and Thermal microscopy - TM), spectroscopic methods (Infrared Spectroscopy - IR, especially Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - FTIR and Raman spectroscopy), crystallographic methods (Powder X-Ray Diffraction - PXRD) and finally Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are the most powerful in the characterization of modern therapeutic systems with porous adsorbents. The problem-solving power of each particular analytical method is often enhanced by using simultaneous methods rather than a single technique.

Raman, Infrared, and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Identification of Particles in Raw Materials

Raw materials need to be of a certain quality with respect to physical and chemical composition. They also need to have no contaminants, including particles, because these could indicate raw material impurities or contaminate the product. Particle identification allows determination of process conditions that caused them and whether the quality of the final product is acceptable. Particles may appear to the eye to be very different things than they actually are. They may be coated with the raw material and may consist of several components; therefore, chemical and elemental analyses are required for accuracy in proper identification and definitive information about their source. Thus, microscope versions of Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy are excellent tools for identifying particles in materials. Those tools are fast and accurate, and can provide chemical and elemental composition as well as images that can aid identification. The micro-analysis capabilities allow for easy analysis of different portions of samples so that multiple components can be identified and sample preparation can be reduced or eliminated. The differences in sensitivities of Raman and IR spectroscopies to different functional groups as well as the elemental analysis provided by LIBS and the image analysis provided by the microscopy makes these complementary techniques and provides the advantage of identifying various chemical components. Proper spectral searching techniques and interpretation of the results are important for interpretation and identification of trace contaminants.

The discrimination of 72 nitrate, chlorate and perchlorate salts using IR and Raman spectroscopy

Inorganic oxidizing energetic salts including nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates are widely used in the manufacture of not only licit pyrotechnic compositions, but also illicit homemade explosive mixtures. Their identification in forensic laboratories is usually accomplished by either capillary electrophoresis or ion chromatography, with the disadvantage of dissociating the salt into its ions. On the contrary, vibrational spectroscopy, including IR and Raman, enables the non-invasive identification of the salt, i.e. avoiding its dissociation. This study focuses on the discrimination of all nitrate, chlorate and perchlorate salts that are commercially available, using both Raman and IR spectroscopy, with the aim of testing whether every salt can be unequivocally identified. Besides the visual spectra comparison by assigning every band with the corresponding molecular vibrational mode, a statistical analysis based on Pearson correlation was performed to ensure an objective identification, either using Raman, IR or both. Positively, 25 salts (out of 72) were unequivocally identified using Raman, 30 salts when using IR and 44 when combining both techniques. Negatively, some salts were undistinguishable even using both techniques demonstrating there are some salts that provide very similar Raman and IR spectra.

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 5-chlorocytosine: Solid state simulation and tautomerism. Effect of the chlorine substitution in the Watson-Crick base pair 5-chlorodeoxycytidine-deoxyguanosine

The laser Raman and IR spectra of 5-chlorocytosine have been recorded and accurately assigned in the solid state using Density functional calculations (DFT) together with the linear scaling equation procedure (LSE) and the solid state simulation of the crystal unit cell through a tetramer form. These results remarkably improve those reported previously by other authors. Several new scaling equations were proposed to be used in related molecules. The six main tautomers of the biomolecule 5-chlorocytosine were determined and optimized at the MP2 and CCSD levels, using different basis sets. The relative stabilities were compared with those obtained in cytosine and their 5-halo derivatives. Several relationships between energies, geometric parameters and NBO atomic charges were established. The effect of the chlorine substitution in the fifth position was evaluated through the stability of the Watson-Crick (WC) base pair of 5-chlorodeoxycytidine with deoxyguanosine, and through their vibrational spectra.

Lessons from Cre-Mice and Indicator Mice

The adult human adipose tissue is predominantly composed of white adipocytes. However, within certain depots, adipose tissue contains thermogenically active brown-like adipocytes, which have been evolutionarily conserved in mammals. This chapter will give a brief overview on the methods used to genetically target and trace both white and brown adipocytes using techniques such as bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning to create transgenic mouse models and the tools with which genetic recombination is mediated in vivo (e.g., Cre-loxP, CreERT, and Tet-On). The chapter furthermore critically discusses the strength and limitation of the various systems used to target mature white and brown adipocytes (ap2-Cre, Adipoq-Cre, and Ucp1-Cre). Based on these systems, it is evident that our knowledge of mature adipocyte categorization into brown, white, brite, or beige adipocytes is strongly influenced by the use of the various genetic mouse models described in this chapter. Our evaluation of different studies using the aforementioned systems focuses on key genes, which have been reported to maintain adipocyte's function (insulin receptor, Raptor, or Atgl).

Teaching IR to Medical Students: A Call to Action

Interventional radiology (IR) has grown rapidly over the last 20 years and is now an essential component of modern medicine. Despite IR's increasing penetration and reputation in healthcare systems, IR is poorly taught, if taught at all, in most medical schools. Medical students are the referrers of tomorrow and potential IR recruits and deserve to be taught IR by expert IRs. The lack of formal IR teaching curricula in many medical schools needs to be addressed urgently for the continued development and dissemination of, particularly acute, IR services throughout Europe. We call on IRs to take up the baton to teach IR to the next generation of doctors.

HgSe Self-Doped Nanocrystals as a Platform to Investigate the Effects of Vanishing Confinement

Self-doped colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) attract a strong interest for the design of a new generation of low-cost infrared (IR) optoelectronic devices because of their tunable intraband absorption feature in the mid-IR region. However, very little remains known about their electronic structure which combines confinement and an inverted band structure, complicating the design of optimized devices. We use a combination of IR spectroscopy and photoemission to determine the absolute energy levels of HgSe CQDs with various sizes and surface chemistries. We demonstrate that the filling of the CQD states ranges from 2 electrons per CQD at small sizes (<5 nm) to more than 18 electrons per CQD at large sizes (≈20 nm). HgSe CQDs are also an interesting platform to observe vanishing confinement in colloidal nanoparticles. We present lines of evidence for a semiconductor-to-metal transition at the CQD level, through temperature-dependent absorption and transport measurements. In contrast with bulk systems, the transition is the result of the vanishing confinement rather than the increase of the doping level.

Remote Detection of Clay Minerals

Spectral remote sensing in the visible/near-infrared (VNIR) and mid-IR (MIR) regions has enabled detection and characterisation of multiple clays and clay minerals on Earth and in the Solar System. Remote sensing on Earth poses the greatest challenge due to atmospheric absorptions that interfere with detection of surface minerals. Still, a greater variety of clay minerals have been observed on Earth than other bodies due to extensive aqueous alteration on our planet. Clay minerals have arguably been mapped in more detail on the planet Mars because they are not masked by vegetation on that planet and the atmosphere is less of a hindrance. Fe/Mg-smectite is the most abundant clay mineral on the surface of Mars and is also common in meteorites and comets where clay minerals are detected.

Ionotropic Receptors Mediate Drosophila Oviposition Preference through Sour Gustatory Receptor Neurons

Carboxylic acids are present in many foods, being especially abundant in fruits. Yet, relatively little is known about how acids are detected by gustatory systems and whether they have a potential role in nutrition or provide other health benefits. Here we identify sour gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in tarsal taste sensilla of Drosophila melanogaster. We find that most tarsal sensilla harbor a sour GRN that is specifically activated by carboxylic and mineral acids but does not respond to sweet- and bitter-tasting chemicals or salt. One pair of taste sensilla features two GRNs that respond only to a subset of carboxylic acids and high concentrations of salt. All sour GRNs prominently express two Ionotropic Receptor (IR) genes, IR76b and IR25a, and we show that both these genes are necessary for the detection of acids. Furthermore, we establish that IR25a and IR76b are essential in sour GRNs of females for oviposition preference on acid-containing food. Our investigations reveal that acids activate a unique set of taste cells largely dedicated to sour taste, and they indicate that both pH/proton concentration and the structure of carboxylic acids contribute to sour GRN activation. Together, our studies provide new insights into the cellular and molecular basis of sour taste.

Theoretical spectroscopic insights of tautomers and enantiomers of penicillamine

B3LYP and MP2 calculations have been carried out to investigate tautomers and enantiomers of penicillamine (Pen). Their infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained at linear-response, time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). IR, UV and NMR spectra cannot be used to identify Pen enantiomers, showing nearly equal spectral profiles. CD spectra, however, give rise to completely symmetric signals, forming a perfect specular image to each other. Distinct CD profiles were also obtained for Pen tautomers. Important IR differences were found in positions and intensities of the vibrational stretching bands involving acid and amine groups of Pen tautomers. The highest electron transitions involving HOMO-LUMO orbitals show to be of major importance in the computed UV spectra, showing a large red-shift around 30nm as the zwitterionic and neutral Pen spectra are compared. NMR results show to be quite useful for identification of Pen tautomers since clear differences are found by means of the computed shielding tensors as well as spin-spin coupling constants ¹J(N,H) data.

Monitor Polyimide Production from Diamine and Dianhydride Reactions Using a Combination of In Situ Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy

A two-step synthesis of polyimide reaction from dianhydride and diamine was followed by both infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy in situ in this case study. In the first step, the two reactants form poly(amide acid), which resulted in substantial spectral changes easily detected by both spectroscopic techniques. The reaction was found to occur rapidly and reached completion within tens of minutes at room temperature. In the second step, trimethylamine (catalyst) and acetic anhydride (dehydration agent) were added to form the five-member imide ring. Interestingly, different spectral changes were observed using IR and Raman spectroscopic methods due to their different responses toward the various functional groups involved. Conclusive evidence was also obtained based on the Raman results to demonstrate a long-lived intermediate species, which was harder to observe in the IR results. This work provides a good case study of the combined use of different vibrational spectroscopy techniques to extract maximum information from a reaction system.

Artifact Correction in Temperature-Dependent Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared (ATR-IR) Spectra

A spectral processing method was developed and tested for analyzing temperature-dependent attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectra of aliphatic polyesters. Spectra of a bio-based, biodegradable polymer, 3.9 mol% 3HHx poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate- co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHx), were analyzed and corrected prior to analysis using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). Removal of the temperature variation of diamond absorbance, correction of the baseline, ATR correction, and appropriate normalization were key to generating more reliable data. Both the processing steps and order were important. A comparison to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the normalization method should be chosen with caution to avoid unintentional trends and distortions of the crystalline sensitive bands.

Experimental and DFT dimer modeling studies of the H-bond induced-vibration modes of l-β-Homoserine

The vibrational spectra for l-β-Homoserine have been measured (IR absorption: 4000-400cm^-1/Raman spectra: 4000-200cm^-1). Characteristic vibrational modes of ammonium (-NH₃⁺), carboxylate (-CO₂^-) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups across the 3700-1400cm^-1 are all identified to have originated in inter-molecular hydrogen bonding involving these functional groups. DFT calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) level have yielded a single neutral monomer in the gas phase. Since as a member of the amino acids which are known to possess zwitterionic structure in condensed phase, the neutral monomer of l-β-Homoserine is optimized to a zwitterionic structure in a water medium. Consideration of two dimer structures, one dimer with -NH‧‧‧O bond and another -OH‧‧‧O bond, has given rise to vibrational modes that satisfactorily fit to all the observed absorption and Raman bands. It is found that the dimer with -OH‧‧‧O bond (binding energy, 8.896kcal/mol) is more tightly bound than the dimer with -NH‧‧‧O bond (8.363kcal/mol).

Methods and methodology for FTIR spectral correction of channel spectra and uncertainty, applied to ferrocene

We present methodology for the first FTIR measurements of ferrocene using dilute wax solutions for dispersion and to preserve non-crystallinity; a new method for removal of channel spectra interference for high quality data; and a consistent approach for the robust estimation of a defined uncertainty for advanced structural χ_r² analysis and mathematical hypothesis testing. While some of these issues have been investigated previously, the combination of novel approaches gives markedly improved results. Methods for addressing these in the presence of a modest signal and how to quantify the quality of the data irrespective of preprocessing for subsequent hypothesis testing are applied to the FTIR spectra of Ferrocene (Fc) and deuterated ferrocene (dFc, Fc-d₁₀) collected at the THz/Far-IR beam-line of the Australian Synchrotron at operating temperatures of 7K through 353K.

Optical and vibrational properties of phosphorylcholine-based contact lenses-Experimental and theoretical investigations

The Raman, MIR and UV-vis spectroscopy have been used to characterize Omafilcon A material constructing the one of the Proclear family contact lenses. The Omafilcon A is hydrogel material composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (PC) polymers crosslinked with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Vibrational and electronic properties of the Omafilcon A material were also investigated by quantum chemical calculations. Experimentally obtained Raman, MIR and optical spectra were compared to the theoretical ones calculated applying RHF and DFT methodology. The quantum chemical calculations were performed for isolated monomers of lenses compounds as well as for their dimers and trimers to elucidate the effect of Omafilcon A polymerization and the role of an individual components.

Spectroscopic investigation of some building blocks of organic conductors: A comparative study

Theoretical molecular structures and IR and Raman spectra of di and tetra methyl substituted tetrathiafulvalene and tetraselenafulvalene molecules have been studied. These molecules belong to the organic conductor family and are immensely used as building blocks of several organic conducting devices. The Hartree-Fock and density functional theory with exchange functional B3LYP have been employed for computational purpose. We have also performed normal coordinate analysis to scale the theoretical frequencies and to calculate potential energy distributions for the conspicuous assignments. The exciting frequency and temperature dependent Raman spectra have also presented. Optimization results reveal that the sulphur derivatives possess boat shape while selenium derivatives possess planner structures. Natural bond orbitals analysis has also been performed to study second order interaction between donors and acceptors and to compute molecular orbital occupancy and energy.

Two new isostructural mercury(II) complexes involving the N-heterocyclic 1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,3-imidazole ligand: syntheses, structures and properties

The unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic ligand 1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,3-imidazole (bmi) has three potential N-atom donors and can act in monodentate or bridging coordination modes in the construction of complexes. In addition, the bmi ligand can adopt different coordination conformations, resulting in complexes with different structures due to the presence of the flexible methylene spacer. Two new complexes, namely bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,3-imidazole-κN³}dibromidomercury(II), [HgBr₂(C₁₀H₉N₅)₂], and bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,3-imidazole-κN³}diiodidomercury(II), [HgI₂(C₁₀H₉N₅)₂], have been synthesized through the self-assembly of bmi with HgBr₂ or HgI₂. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that both complexes are mononuclear structures, in which the bmi ligands coordinate to the Hg^II ions in monodentate modes. In the solid state, both complexes display three-dimensional networks formed by a combination of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. The IR spectra and PXRD patterns of both complexes have also been recorded.

Myelography Iodinated Contrast Media. 2. Conformational Versatility of Iopamidol in the Solid State

The phenomenon of polymorphism is of great relevance in pharmaceutics, since different polymorphs have different physicochemical properties, e.g., solubility, hence, bioavailability. Coupling diffractometric and spectroscopic experiments with thermodynamic analysis and computational work opens to a methodological approach which provides information on both structure and dynamics in the solid as well as in solution. The present work reports on the conformational changes in crystalline iopamidol, which is characterized by atropisomerism, a phenomenon that influences both the solution properties and the distinct crystal phases. The conformation of iopamidol is discussed for three different crystal phases. In the anhydrous and monohydrate crystal forms, iopamidol molecules display a syn conformation of the long branches stemming out from the triiodobenzene ring, while in the pentahydrate phase the anti conformation is found. IR and Raman spectroscopic studies carried out on the three crystal forms, jointly with quantum chemical computations, revealed that the markedly different spectral features can be specifically attributed to the different molecular conformations. Our results on the conformational versatility of iopamidol in different crystalline phases, linking structural and spectroscopic evidence for the solution state and the solid forms, provide a definite protocol for grasping the signals that can be taken as conformational markers. This is the first step for understanding the crystallization mechanism occurring in supersaturated solution of iopamidol molecules.

DNA damage, repair monitoring and epigenetic DNA methylation changes in seedlings of Chernobyl soybeans

This pilot study was carried out to assess the effect of radio-contaminated Chernobyl environment on plant genome integrity 27 years after the accident. For this purpose, nuclei were isolated from root tips of the soybean seedlings harvested from plants grown in the Chernobyl area for seven generations. Neutral, neutral-alkaline, and methylation-sensitive comet assays were performed to evaluate the induction and repair of primary DNA damage and the epigenetic contribution to stress adaptation mechanisms. An increased level of single and double strand breaks in the radio-contaminated Chernobyl seedlings at the stage of primary root development was detected in comparison to the controls. However, the kinetics of the recovery of DNA breaks of radio-contaminated Chernobyl samples revealed that lesions were efficiently repaired at the stage of cotyledon. Methylation-sensitive comet assay revealed comparable levels in the CCGG methylation pattern between control and radio-contaminated samples with a slight increase of approximately 10% in the latter ones. The obtained preliminary data allow us to speculate about the onset of mechanisms providing an adaptation potential to the accumulated internal irradiation after the Chernobyl accident. Despite the limitations of this study, we showed that comet assay is a sensitive and flexible technique which can be efficiently used for genotoxic screening of plant specimens in natural and human-made radio-contaminated areas, as well as for safety monitoring of agricultural products.

In vivo evaluation of IGF1R/IR PET ligand [18F]BMS-754807 in rodents

In vivo evaluation of [¹⁸F]BMS-754807 binding in mice and rats using microPET and biodistribution methods is described herein. The radioligand shows consistent binding characteristics, in vivo, in both species. Early time frames of the microPET images and time activity curves of brain indicate poor penetration of the tracer across the blood brain barrier (BBB) in both species. However, microPET experiments in mice and rats show high binding of the radioligand outside the brain to heart, pancreas and muscle, the organs known for higher expression of IGF1R/1R. Biodistribution analysis 2h after injection of [¹⁸F]BMS-754807 in rats show negligible [¹⁸F]defluorination as reflected by the low bone uptake and clearance from blood. Overall, the data indicate that [¹⁸F]BMS-754807 can potentially be a radiotracer for the quantification of IGF1R/IR outside the brain using PET.

Histone modifications in FASN modulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and carbohydrate responsive-element binding protein under insulin stimulation are related to NAFLD

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its causal factors of hepatic insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes are rapidly growing worldwide. Developing new therapeutic methods for these conditions requires a comprehensive understanding between hepatic lipid metabolism and IR. Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate responsive-element binding protein (ChREBP) are the major regulators of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme of de novo fatty acid synthesis. They are induced by insulin, which directly binds to the sterol regulatory elements (SRE) or carbohydrate-responsive elements (ChORE) of the FASN promoter to induce its expression. The insulin pathway involved in NAFLD has well studied, but the role of histone modification in NAFLD is just beginning to be investigated, and there is minimal data regarding its involvement. In the current study, we investigated histone modifications in FASN under insulin stimulation. H3K4 hypertrimethylation and H3, H4 hyperacetylation in the FASN promoter was found in HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes following insulin stimulation. We also found that insulin treatment induced the transcription factor SREBP-1c, ChREBP and could accelerate FASN expression by enhancing SREBP-1c, SRE, and ChREBP ChORE binding and inducing H3, H4 hyperacetylation at SRE, ChORE, or transcription start site (TSS) regions of the FASN promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and primary hepatocytes. Finally, histone acetylation could influence FASN expression by impairing SREBP-1c SRE and ChREBP ChORE binding.

Metabolomics study of Populus type propolis

Herein, we propose rapid and simple spectroscopic methods to determine the chemical composition of propolis derived from various Populus species using a metabolomics approach. In order to correlate variability in Populus type propolis composition with the altitude of its collection, NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy followed by OPLS was conducted. The botanical origin of propolis was established by comparing propolis spectral data to those of buds of various Populus species. An O2PLS method was utilized to integrate two blocks of data. According to OPLS and O2PLS, the major compounds in propolis samples, collected from temperate continental climate above 500m, were phenolic glycerides originating from P. tremula buds. Flavonoids were predominant in propolis samples collected below 400m, originating from P. nigra and P. x euramericana buds. Samples collected at 400-500m were of mixed origin, with variable amounts of all detected metabolites.

Survival rate of teeth with periodontally hopeless prognosis after therapies with intentional replantation and perioprosthetic procedures - a study of case series for 5-12 years

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the longitudinal survival rate of the treatment of teeth affected with periodontally hopeless prognosis and secondary occlusal traumatism (SOT) using intentional replantation (IR) and periodontal prosthesis. We collected data from 17 individuals who received IR and participated in the study during 1995 to 2014. Of the 17 teeth affected by periodontally extreme conditions with deep angular bone defects, severe alveolar bone loss extending to or beyond the apex, and SOT, was recognized as having hopeless prognosis. Those teeth were treated sequentially using procedures that included basic periodontal therapy, therapeutic provisional prosthesis, IR, fixed dental prosthesis, crown and sleeve-coping telescopic dentures (CSCTDs), or fixed prosthesis and CSCTD combined. Longitudinal assessments of clinical parameters and radiographic bone change before and after IR were evaluated. Clinical results showed that the overall cumulative survival rate of assayed teeth after IR therapy (5-12 years) was 88.2%. The mean (±SD) estimated radiographic alveolar bone loss was 12.7 ± 2.1 mm (88.5% ± 13.3%) of the root length, initially, and estimated radiographic alveolar bone gain was 4.0 ± 2.2 mm ultimately, in 17 replanted teeth with SOT. Only one tooth (5.9%) exhibited root resorption. Ankylosis was not observed during the study. Periapical radiographs demonstrated that satisfactory periodontal healing of lamina dura and bone fills occurred in all replanted teeth with SOT. Generally, tooth mobility and SOT were significantly improved after therapy. Most treated teeth functioned well and remained stable clinically throughout the periods of study. The present study documented a promising outcome for autogenous IR and periprosthetic therapy of 17 periodontally hopeless teeth for 5-12 years. The present study revealed good bone gain and elimination of SOT and prominent occlusal function. We concluded that the application of IR, minocycline-HCL and periodontal prosthetic procedures later elevated the prognosis of these otherwise hopeless teeth with SOT, which are valuable options for retaining teeth with periodontally extreme situations.