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Chen B, Armstrong TA, Lewis RA, Newton R, Smith GA, Bocquet JP, Malek F, Nifenecker H, Maurel M, Monnand E, Perrin P, Ristori C, Ericsson G, Johansson T, Tibell G, Rey-Campagnolle M, Polikanov S, Krogulski T, Mougey J. Neutron yields and angular distributions produced in antiproton annihilation at rest in uranium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 45:2332-2337. [PMID: 9967995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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252
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Pentao L, Lewis RA, Ledbetter DH, Patel PI, Lupski JR. Maternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 14: association with autosomal recessive rod monochromacy. Am J Hum Genet 1992; 50:690-9. [PMID: 1347967 PMCID: PMC1682625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rod monochromacy (complete congenital achromatopsia) is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait of unknown genetic location. The disorder is characterized by total absence of color discrimination because retinal cone photoreceptors do not develop; systemic features do not occur. A 20-year-old white female with rod monochromacy presented with short stature (less than 5th percentile), mild developmental delay, premature puberty, small hands and feet (length less than 5th percentile), minimal dysmorphism, and a reproductive history of three consecutive first-trimester miscarriages. Cytogenetic analysis showed 45,XX,rob(14;14) in all 30 cells examined. Southern analysis of DNA from the patient and her phenotypically normal mother and two brothers (her father is deceased) ascertained the parental origin of the 14;14 Robertsonian translocation. Analysis of RFLPs associated with nine VNTR probes and two dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms from chromosome 14 demonstrated that the patient had inherited two copies of a single allele, each of which was maternally derived. A fully informative RFLP analysis of three probes from chromosome 14 enabled reconstruction of the paternal haplotype and showed the lack of any paternal contribution to the subject. These data are consistent with maternal isodisomy for all portions of chromosome 14 tested by these markers. This finding suggests that rod monochromacy maps to chromosome 14, and it emphasizes the importance of uniparental isodisomy to provide a putative chromosomal assignment of a gene for a rare autosomal recessive disorder.
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Merry DE, Jänne PA, Landers JE, Lewis RA, Nussbaum RL. Isolation of a candidate gene for choroideremia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:2135-9. [PMID: 1549574 PMCID: PMC48611 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroideremia is an X chromosome-linked retinal dystrophy of unknown pathogenesis. We have isolated cDNAs from a human retinal library with a genomic probe located at the X chromosomal breakpoint in a female with choroideremia and an X;13 translocation. This cDNA spans the breakpoint in the X;13 translocation female and is deleted in males who have choroideremia as part of a complex phenotype including mental retardation and deafness. However, this cDNA detects no alterations in the DNA of 34 males with isolated choroideremia. Nonetheless, the cDNA does detect reduced or absent levels of mRNA in three-quarters of male patients with an apparently intact gene. These data support the hypothesis that this cDNA represents the gene in which mutations cause choroideremia.
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Armstrong TA, Bettoni D, Bharadwaj V, Biino C, Borreani G, Broemmelsiek D, Buzzo A, Calabrese R, Ceccucci A, Cester R, Church MD, Dalpiaz P, Dalpiaz PF, Fast JE, Ferroni S, Ginsburg CM, Gollwitzer KE, Hahn AA, Hasan MA, Hsueh SY, Lewis RA, Luppi E, Macr M, Majewska A, Mandelkern MA, Marchetto F, Marinelli M, Marques JL, Marsh W, Martini M, Masuzawa M, Menichetti E, Migliori A, Mussa R, Palestini S, Pastrone N, Patrignani C, Peoples J, Pesando L, Petrucci F, Pia MG, Pordes S, Rapidis PA, Ray RE, Reid JD, Rinaudo G, Rosen JL, Santroni A, Sarmiento M, Savrié M, Schultz J, Seth KK, Smith GA, Tecchio L, Tommasini F, Trokenheim S, Weber MF, Werkema SJ, Zhao JL, Zito M. Precision measurements of charmonium states formed in pp-bar annihilation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:1468-1471. [PMID: 10045139 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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255
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Weitkamp LR, Lewis RA. PEDSCORE analysis of identical by descent (IBD) marker allele distributions among family members with cutaneous melanoma. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1992; 59:231-3. [PMID: 1737511 DOI: 10.1159/000133256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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256
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257
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Sternberg MJ, Lewis RA, King RD, Muggleton S. Modelling the structure and function of enzymes by machine learning. Faraday Discuss 1992:269-80. [PMID: 1290938 DOI: 10.1039/fd9929300269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A machine learning program, GOLEM, has been applied to two problems: (1) the prediction of protein secondary structure from sequence and (2) modelling a quantitative structure-activity relationship in drug design. GOLEM takes as input observations and combines them with background knowledge of chemistry to yield rules expressed as stereochemical principles for prediction. The secondary structure prediction was explored on the alpha/alpha class of proteins; on an unrelated test set it yielded 81% accuracy. The rules from GOLEM defined patterns of residues forming alpha-helices. The system studied for drug design was the activities of trimethoprim analogues binding to E. coli dihydrofolate reductase. The GOLEM rules were a better model than standard regression approaches. More importantly, these rules described the chemical properties of the enzyme-binding site that were in broad agreement with the crystallographic structure.
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De La Paz MA, Lewis RA, Patrinely JR, Merin L, Greenberg F. A sibship with unusual anomalies of the eye and skeleton (Michels' syndrome). Am J Ophthalmol 1991; 112:572-80. [PMID: 1951596 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four siblings of nonconsanguineous parents had congenital anomalies of the anterior segment of the eyes, eyelids, and skeletal systems. Anomalies of the anterior segment included opacities of the corneal stroma, conjunctival telangiectasia, and iridocorneal adhesions. Eyelid abnormalities included blepharoptosis, blepharophimosis, and telecanthus. One sibling with extensive anterior segment anomalies developed glaucoma. All subjects had impaired vertical gaze. Oromandibular anomalies varied from cleft lip and palate to malocclusion with overbite. Additional features included subnormal intelligence, short stature, hearing loss, and clinodactyly. This spectrum of anomalies appeared to have been transmitted as an autosomal recessive syndrome.
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Lewis RA. Rational methods for site-directed drug design: novel approaches for the discovery of potential ligands. Biochem Soc Trans 1991; 19:883-7. [PMID: 1794578 DOI: 10.1042/bst0190883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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260
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Abstract
A 3-week-old girl who was born with club feet had signs of failure to thrive. On physical examination the child appeared normal; she had no abnormalities in the mucous membranes of the mouth, the eyelids, or in the neck, and her other systems, including heart, chest, abdomen, and neurologic systems, were clinically normal. Radiologically, the gastrointestinal tract was normal, but rectal biopsy showed neuromas. Her serum calcitonin level was measured both at basal and after pentagastrin stimulation at 5 weeks of age and found to be high, but whether it was consistent with the normal level at this early age or was caused by medullary thyroid carcinoma was not clear. At 3 months, the corneal nerves of both eyes were examined and showed considerable thickening, and multiple endocrine syndrome type IIb was suspected. The serum calcitonin level at 8 and 14 months was increased. A total thyroidectomy was done, and C-cell nodular hyperplasia and adenomatosis was found in the isthmus. The postoperative serum calcitonin level decreased to low normal and did not increase after pentagastrin stimulation. To the authors' knowledge, this case represents the youngest patient diagnosed with multiple endocrine syndrome type IIb in the absence of family history of the disease.
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261
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Graf NA, Fero M, Gee M, Mandelkern M, Ray R, Schultz D, Schultz J, Usher T, Armstrong TA, Biard J, Lewis RA, Playfer SM, Smith GA, Soulliere MJ, Bassalleck B, Wolfe DM, Denes P, Büche G, Bürcker L, Koch H, Schwertel J, Angelopoulos A, Apostolakis A, Rozaki H, Sakelliou L. Search for narrow states in the inclusive gamma -ray spectra resulting from antiproton annihilations at rest in liquid hydrogen and deuterium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1991; 44:1945-1961. [PMID: 10014075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.44.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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262
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Leppert MF, Lewis RA. Human genetic mapping and inherited deafness syndromes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 630:38-48. [PMID: 1952622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb19574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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263
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VonVoigtlander PF, Lewis RA. A rapid screening method for the assessment of benzodiazepine receptor-related physical dependence in mice. Evaluation of benzodiazepine-related agonists and partial agonists. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS 1991; 26:1-5. [PMID: 1681136 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90049-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a model of benzodiazepine-type physical dependence in which mice were injected subcutaneously with the test compound on a fixed schedule (0800 and 1600 for 3 days, the PM dose = AM dose x 2). If tolerated, then a starting dose of 150 mg/kg/day was generally used initially and the dose was lowered to 15 and 1.5 mg/kg/day in subsequent assays if the higher doses were active in the test. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, the mice received an intravenous injection of flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg), and 5 min later they were tested for electroshock seizure thresholds by an up-down titration method. Flumazenil-precipitated withdrawal was manifested by a lowering of the mA seizure threshold. We have found that compounds with benzodiazepine agonist properties significantly lower these thresholds in a dose-related fashion. For example, the following compounds (lowest effective mg/kg/day dose) were active in this regard, chlordiazepoxide (150), diazepam (15), flurazepam (15), alprazolam (15), triazolam (15), midazolam (15), zopiclone (150), Ro 16-6028 (150), and Ro 17-1812 (150). In contrast, zolpidem (150), tracazolate (15), and CL 218872 (15) did not cause physical dependence by this criterion. This rapid and simple screening test may be readily used to predict the physical-dependence-inducing properties of compounds that act at the benzodiazepine receptor.
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Lewis RA, Smith GA, Toothacker WS. Energy loss of nuclear fragments in partially ionized materials of high atomic number. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:392-395. [PMID: 9905693 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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265
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Oetting WS, Mentink MM, Summers CG, Lewis RA, White JG, King RA. Three different frameshift mutations of the tyrosinase gene in type IA oculocutaneous albinism. Am J Hum Genet 1991; 49:199-206. [PMID: 1905879 PMCID: PMC1683219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for the pigment-producing enzyme tyrosinase are responsible for type IA (tyrosinase-negative) oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). Most reported mutations have been single base substitutions. We now report three different frameshift mutations in three unrelated individuals with type IA OCA. The first individual has a single base deletion within a series of five guanidines, resulting in a premature stop codon in exon I on one allele and a missense mutation at codon 382 in exon III on the homologous allele. The second individual is a genetic compound of two separate frameshift mutations, including both the same exon I single base deletion found in the first individual and a deletion of a thymidine-guanidine pair, within the sequence GTGTG, forming a termination codon (TAG) in exon I on the homologous allele. The third individual has a single base insertion in exon I on one allele and a missense mutation at codon 373 in exon III on the homologous allele. The two missense mutations occur within the copper Bbinding region and may interfere with either copper binding to the enzyme or oxygen binding to the copper. These five different mutations disrupt tyrosinase function and are associated with a total lack of melanin biosynthesis.
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266
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Dickstein LJ, Stein TS, Pleck JH, Myers MF, Lewis RA, Duncan SF, Brod H. Men's changing social roles in the 1990s: emerging issues in the psychiatric treatment of men. HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY 1991; 42:701-5. [PMID: 1885178 DOI: 10.1176/ps.42.7.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, men's social roles have changed to incorporate the increasing time they spend with their families, their greater concern about adult children's leaving or returning home, and alternative sexual preferences and life-styles. One related development is the increased amounts of psychiatric distress reported by men in recent years. Mental health professionals should be familiar with these and other complex issues specific to men and with how such issues might manifest themselves in psychotherapy.
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267
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Stewart WC, Shields MB, Allen RC, Lewis RA, Cohen JS, Hoskins HD, Hetherington JN, Bahr RL, Noblin JE, Delehanty JT. A 3-month comparison of 1% and 2% carteolol and 0.5% timolol in open-angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1991; 229:258-61. [PMID: 1869063 DOI: 10.1007/bf00167880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carteolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, was compared in 1% and 2% topical solutions with 0.5% timolol in 105 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. In this double-masked, randomized 3-month trial, all three preparations significantly lowered intraocular pressure throughout the study, with no significant differences being observed. There were also no significant differences among the three preparations with regard to ocular or systemic adverse reactions, including heart rate and blood pressure.
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Bordas J, Diakun GP, Harries JE, Lewis RA, Mant GR, Martin-Fernandez ML, Towns-Andrews E. Two-dimensional time resolved X-ray diffraction of muscle: recent results. ADVANCES IN BIOPHYSICS 1991; 27:15-33. [PMID: 1755357 DOI: 10.1016/0065-227x(91)90005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a preliminary sketch of the results obtained in a two-dimensional time resolved X-ray diffraction study of "live" frog sartorius muscles undergoing isometric tetani. These results demonstrate the recently developed capability to record time resolved (10 msec time resolution), two-dimensional X-ray diffraction diagrams throughout the cycle of contraction. The correlation between the time courses of the diffraction features in the whole of the diffraction diagram establishes a sequence of structural events, which suggest that during the transition from rest to the plateau of tension and the subsequent recovery, the following sequence of events takes place: a) Following the activation phase, which is best monitored by the increase of intensity on the second actin layer line at 18.0 nm spacing (5), there is the onset of three dimensional disorder due to the filaments losing their axial alignment and the myosin heads rotating azimuthally and moving radially outwards. A set of low-angle layer lines, following the actin based spacings seen in rigor (i.e., at spacings of ca. 36.5-37.5, 24.0 and 18.0 nm) become visible and those at ca. 24.0 and 18.0 nm appear to increase in intensity during this phase with a time course that cannot be determined accurately because of the proximity of the neighbouring first, second and third myosin layer lines and the weakness of these diffraction features. Whether the first of these layer lines increases or not is difficult to ascertain. Moreover, proper account of the loss in crystallinity during the development of tension must be made before the comparisons in intensity between the rest and peak of tension states have any significance. Nevertheless, these features together with the behaviour of the equatorial reflections and the meridional region of the third myosin layer line indicate that a sizeable fraction of the crossbridges may become axially disposed with an actin based periodicity. The formation of this complex does not immediately result in the generation of tension. The labelling of the thin filaments is also reflected in the main actin layer lines at 5.9 and 5.1 nm. b) The tension generating phase is monitored by the intensity changes in the meridional region of the third myosin layer line, which are best explained by a change in the orientation/conformation of the tension bearing crossbridges, (which probably adopt a more perpendicular orientation to the filament axis). c) At the end of stimulation, the crossbridges return to an axial spacing and axial orientation (although not yet azimuthal) similar to the one at rest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Lewis RA, Haag RK. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase of bovine liver mitochondria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1991; 309B:181-4. [PMID: 1781363 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7703-4_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lewis RA, Austen KF, Soberman RJ. Leukotrienes and other products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Biochemistry and relation to pathobiology in human diseases. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:645-55. [PMID: 2166915 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199009063231006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 867] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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274
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Reilly DS, Lewis RA, Nussbaum RL. Genetic and physical mapping of Xq24-q26 markers flanking the Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome. Genomics 1990; 8:62-70. [PMID: 2081601 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90226-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome (OCRL) is characterized by congenital cataract, mental retardation, and renal tubular dysfunction. We are using the approaches of linkage analysis, mapping with somatic cell hybrids, and long-range restriction mapping to determine the order of Xq24-q26 markers with respect to each other and to the OCRL locus. DXS42 and DXS100 are proximal to the translocation breakpoint in a female patient with OCRL and a de novo translocation t(X;3)(q25;q27). DXS10, DXS86, HPRT, and DXS177 are distal to the breakpoint. These flanking markers show tight linkage to the disease locus in 11 families segregating for OCRL. Results from field inversion gel analysis show that DXS86 and DXS10 share a 460-kb BssHII fragment. Multipoint analysis to determine the position of HPRT with respect to (DXS10,DXS86) suggests that HPRT is proximal to (DXS10,DXS86). We propose the following order for markers in Xq24-q26: Xcen-(DXS42,DXS37,DXS100)-OCRL-DXS53 -HPRT-[(DXS10,DXS86),DXS177]-Xqter. The identification of additional tightly linked flanking markers extends the number of markers available for use in genetic counseling and begins to define the physical map of the region containing the gene for OCRL.
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Stambolian D, Lewis RA, Buetow K, Bond A, Nussbaum R. Nance-Horan syndrome: localization within the region Xp21.1-Xp22.3 by linkage analysis. Am J Hum Genet 1990; 47:13-9. [PMID: 1971992 PMCID: PMC1683770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nance-Horan Syndrome (NHS) or X-linked cataract-dental syndrome (MIM 302350) is a disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by congenital cataracts and dental anomalies. We performed linkage analysis in three kindreds with NHS by using six RFLP markers between Xp11.3 and Xp22.3. Close linkage was found between NHS and polymorphic loci DXS43 (theta = 0 with lod score 2.89), DXS41 (theta = 0 with lod score 3.44), and DXS67 (theta = 0 with lod score 2.74), defined by probes pD2, p99-6, and pB24, respectively. Recombinations were found with the marker loci DXS84 (theta = .04 with lod score 4.13), DXS143 (theta = .06 with lod score 3.11) and DXS7 (theta = .09 with lod score 1.68). Multipoint linkage analysis determined the NHS locus to be linked completely to DXS41 (lod score = 7.07). Our linkage results, combined with analysis of Xp interstitial deletions, suggest that the NHS locus is located within or close to the Xp22.1-Xp22.2 region.
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