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Yang E, Lu B, Hallahan D. Lithium-Mediated Neuroprotection During Cranial Irradiation: A Phase I Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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277
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Niermann K, Xiao D, Willey C, Tu T, Lu B. Enzostaurin: Radiosensitization for Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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278
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Albert J, Gonzalez A, Diaz R, Massion P, Chen H, Shyr Y, Lambright E, Sandler A, Johnson D, Lu B. Cytoplasmic Clusterin Expression is Associated With Longer Survival in Patients With Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bai B, Lu X, Meng J, Hu Q, Mao P, Lu B, Chen Z, Yuan Z, Wang H. Vaccination of mice with recombinant baculovirus expressing spike or nucleocapsid protein of SARS-like coronavirus generates humoral and cellular immune responses. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:868-75. [PMID: 17905435 PMCID: PMC7112626 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 08/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Continuous efforts have been made to develop a prophylactic vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In this study, two recombinant baculoviruses, vAc-N and vAc-S, were constructed, which contained the mammalian-cell activate promoter element, human elongation factor 1α-subunit (EF-1α), the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early promoter, and the nucleocapsid (N) or spike (S) gene of bat SARS-like CoV (SL-CoV) under the control of the CMV promoter. Mice were subcutaneously and intraperitoneally injected with recombinant baculovirus, and both humoral and cellular immune responses were induced in the vaccinated groups. The secretion level of IFN-γ was much higher than that of IL-4 in vAc-N or vAc-S immunized groups, suggesting a strong Th1 bias towards cellular immune responses. Additionally, a marked increase of CD4 T cell immune responses and high levels of anti-SARS-CoV humoral responses were also detected in the vAc-N or vAc-S immunized groups. In contrast, there were significantly weaker cellular immune responses, as well as less antibody production than in the control groups. Our data demonstrates that the recombinant baculovirus can serve as an effective vaccine strategy. In addition, because effective SARS vaccines should act to not only prevent the reemergence of SARS-CoV, but also to provide cross-protection against SL-CoV, findings in this study may have implications for developing such cross-protective vaccines.
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Margot NA, Lu B, Cheng A, Miller MD. Resistance development over 144 weeks in treatment-naive patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or stavudine with lamivudine and efavirenz in Study 903. HIV Med 2007; 7:442-50. [PMID: 16925730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study 903 was a 144-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients. Patients received either TDF (n = 299) or stavudine (d4T) (n = 301) with lamivudine (3TC) and efavirenz (EFV). Resistance analyses were performed at baseline and at virological failure to determine the effects of baseline resistance and the patterns of resistance at virological failure. METHODS Plasma HIV-1 from patients at baseline and at virological failure (>400 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL at week 144 or early discontinuation) was analysed phenotypically and by population sequencing. RESULTS Sixteen per cent of patients were classified as having virological failure (47 on TDF and 49 on d4T; P = 0.91). Patients with non-B HIV-1 subtypes or baseline nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated mutations responded similarly to the overall population. Resistance to EFV (K103N and others) or 3TC (M184V) developed most frequently (8.3% and 5.8%, respectively) and similarly in the two arms. In the d4T arm, a variety of NRTI mutations developed: K65R (n = 2), L74V (n = 2), V75M (n = 1), and T69A + Y115H (n = 1). K65R developed in eight TDF patients (2.7%); in seven of these eight patients, within 48 weeks. All eight patients began new regimens with a protease inhibitor (PI) and NRTIs, including two patients who remained on TDF; five of the eight patients achieved HIV RNA <50 copies/mL in second-line therapy with the remaining patients having no follow-up or being nonadherent. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of HIV-1 with TDF, 3TC and EFV was highly effective, with <3% of patients developing resistance to TDF over 144 weeks.
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Perepelov AV, Lu B, Sebchenkova SN, Shevelev SD, Wang V, Shashkov AS, Feng L, Wang L, Knirel' IA. [The structure of the glycerophosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0130]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007; 33:64-8. [PMID: 17375660 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162007010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A phosphorylated O-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acidic degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli 0130 and characterized by the methods of chemical analysis, including dephosphorylation, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide was shown to be composed of branched tetrasaccharide repeating units containing two N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues, D-galactose, D-glucose, and glycerophosphate residues (one of each). The polysaccharide has the following structure, which is unique among the known bacterial polysaccharides.
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Gatson NN, Ji H, Gienapp IE, Song F, Papenfuss TL, Camps M, Ruckle T, Zimmerer JL, Shawler TM, Lu B, Gerard C, Kithcart AP, Powell N, Fischer AJ, Satoskar A, Rommel C, Whitacre CC. A distinct role for PI3Kgamma in suppressing the development and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) (129.30). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.129.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are intracellular signaling proteins involved in cellular responses such as chemotaxis, proliferation and apoptosis. Selective inhibitors of the PI3Kγ-isoform have recently become available. This study explores the role of PI3Kγ in the development and progression of EAE. PI3Kγ +/+ (wt) and PI3Kγ −/− (ko) mice were immunized for EAE using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein p35-55 (MOG) and assessed for clinical signs, CNS histopathology and T cell activation. WT mice showed a progressive disease course with elevations in inflammatory cytokines increased CNS mononuclear infiltrates. In contrast, ko mice exhibited a delayed onset and dramatically less severe EAE course characterized by decreased T cell activation and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-17 and MCP-1). Male ko mice were significantly more protected than ko females. Adoptive transfer of MOG-activated T cells into ko recipients show that ko mice are resistant to passive disease induction. Interestingly, wt recipients of ko donors immunized for EAE were also protected. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of activated GFP+ T cells show marked decreased infiltration of GFP+ T cells into the CNS. Taken together, these findingssuggest that depletion of PI3Kγ results in a down-regulation of the inflammatoryresponse caused by impaired trafficking of cells critical to generation of the immune response.
(Supported by NIH grant AI 064320 and National MS Society Grant RG 3272).
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Lu B, Wen J, Song XY, Dong XH, Yang YH, Zhang ZY, Zhao NQ, Ye HY, Mou B, Chen FL, Liu Y, Shen Y, Wang XC, Zhou LN, Li YM, Zhu XX, Hu RM. High prevalence of albuminuria in population-based patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the Shanghai downtown. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 75:184-92. [PMID: 16893584 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of albuminuria and the risk factors associated with albuminuria were evaluated among the Chinese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes aged over 30 in the Shanghai downtown. We also evaluated the variability of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) among the three measurements and the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and albuminuria. METHODS The 1039 Chinese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes aged over 30 were investigated by randomized cluster sampling in the Shanghai downtown and 1018 patients were analyzed in this study. Body mass measurements including height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference, resting blood pressure, fasting blood measures, urinary ACR and the digitally stored fundus images were investigated. The prevalence of albuminuria was calculated and the risk factors associated with albuminuria were evaluated by stepwise logistic regression. The concordance of urinary ACR was evaluated by observed agreement. The relationship between albuminuria and DR was also evaluated. RESULTS (1) The mean age of all patients was 66.10+/-11.54 years and the duration of diabetes was 7.89+/-7.16 years. (2) The prevalence of albuminuria was 49.6% among the Chinese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes aged over 30 in the Shanghai downtown, 41.4% with microalbuminuria and 8.2% with macroalbuminuria. (3) Microalbuminuria was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, gender and waist circumference. Macroalbuminuria was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and duration of diabetes. (4) Observed agreement among the three urinary ACR measurement for albuminuria staging was 73.3% (first versus second), 64.5% (first versus third) and 77.5% (second versus third). Observed agreement in the albuminuria staging between the single urinary ACR measurement and all three urinary ACR measurements was 85.8% (first versus all three), 87.6% (second versus all three) and 81.9% (third versus all three). (5) The percentage of DR in the macroalbuminuric group (59.2%) was significantly higher than that in the normalbuminuria group (16.1%) and microalbuminuria group (24.6%). (6) The macroalbuminuric patients with DR had significantly increased fasting blood glucose and HbA1c compared with the macroalbuminuric patients without DR. CONCLUSION The prevalence of microalbuminuria observed in the Chinese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes aged over 30 in the Shanghai downtown reached up to 41.4% though the observations in our study might be representative of the diabetic patients of the Shanghai downtown. We agreed that at least two of the three urinary collections were done in a 3- to 6-month period because of the day-to-day variability in albumin excretion. The percentage of DR among the patients with macroalbuminuria was 59.2%, and the macroalbuminuric patients with the significantly high plasma glucose and DR were prone to diagnose DN.
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Leenders K, Lu B. 1.003 Imaging techniques. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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285
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Wang F, Zhu W, Liu T, Sun Z, Ju S, Ju S, Yu G, Xie W, Deng Z, Lu B, Zhang X. The expression analysis of ICOS-L on activated T cells and immature dendritic cells as well as malignant B cells and Grave's-disease-derived thyroid tissues by two novel mAbs against human ICOS-L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:62-72. [PMID: 17212709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ICOS-L, a newly identified member of B7 superfamily, plays an important role in immune responses. In this article, we report on two novel mouse anti-human ICOS-L monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) named as 11C4 and 12B11, whose specificities were verified by methods of flow cytometry, western blotting, and epitope competition assay. The two mAbs bound to distinct ICOS-L epitopes on B cells. Interestingly, mAb 11C4 could well recognize ICOS-L molecule on activated T cells and Jurkat cell lines, which is different from commercial anti-ICOS-L mAb (clone number MIH12) and the other mAb 12B11. In addition, we found that the expression of ICOS-L molecule was only detected on the surface of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) and was sharply decreased after induction of mature Mo-DCs activated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha or CD40. Furthermore, we showed that 11C4 could effectively suppress the maturation of Mo-DCs in vitro as evidenced by the low expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, and human leukocyte antigen-DR, which suggested that ICOS-L may be involved in the maturation of Mo-DCs. Using immunohistochemistry staining with mAb 11C4, the expression of ICOS-L was found in B lymphoma tissues and thyroid tissues from the Grave's disease but not in thyroid adenoma and normal thyroid tissues.
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Tang TT, Lu B, Yue B, Xie XH, Xie YZ, Dai KR, Lu JX, Lou JR. Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with hBMP-2-gene-modified tissue-engineered bone in goats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 89:127-9. [PMID: 17259431 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.89b1.18350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-gene-modified bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was evaluated for the repair of experimentally-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in goats. Bilateral early-stage osteonecrosis was induced in adult goats three weeks after ligation of the lateral and medial circumflex arteries and delivery of liquid nitrogen into the femoral head. After core decompression, porous β-TCP loaded with BMP-2 gene- or β-galactosidase (gal)-gene-transduced BMSCs was implanted into the left and right femoral heads, respectively. At 16 weeks after implantation, there was collapse of the femoral head in the untreated group but not in the BMP-2 or β-gal groups. The femoral heads in the BMP-2 group had a normal density and surface, while those in the β-gal group presented with a low density and an irregular surface. Histologically, new bone and fibrous tissue were formed in the macropores of the β-TCP. Sixteen weeks after implantation, lamellar bone had formed in the BMP-2 group, but there were some empty cavities and residual fibrous tissue in the β-gal group. The new bone volume in the BMP-2 group was significantly higher than that in the β-gal group. The maximum compressive strength and Young’s modulus of the repaired tissue in the BMP-2 group were similar to those of normal bone and significantly higher than those in the β-gal group. Our findings indicate that porous β-TCP loaded with BMP-2-gene-transduced BMSCs are capable of repairing early-stage, experimentally-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and of restoring its mechanical function.
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Lu B. [S45]: Role of proteolytic conversion of proBDNF to mBDNF in synaptic development and plasticity. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Cao C, Subhawong T, Geng L, Sekhar K, Kim K, Lu B. 2619. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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290
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Lu B. 477 POSTER Inhibition of mTOR or apopotic pathway induces autophagy and radiosensitizes PTEN null prostate cancer cells. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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291
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Kim K, Cao C, Albert J, Freeman M, Hallahan D, Lu B. 2505. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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292
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Lu B, Morgan SP, Crowe JA, Stockford IM. Comparison of methods for reducing the effects of scattering in spectrophotometry. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 60:1157-66. [PMID: 17059668 DOI: 10.1366/000370206778664725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering provides a problem in optical spectroscopy as the relationship between attenuation and absorption in the presence of scattering is nonlinear. Three simple methods of reducing the effects of scattering and hence returning to an approximately linear relationship are considered in this paper, namely, extracting light that has maintained its original polarization state through subtraction of orthogonal polarization states, use of an added absorber, and spatial filtering. These can all be applied relatively easily to conventional spectrophotometers. However, there is an inevitable trade-off between the accuracy of the measurement and the signal-to-noise ratio as scattered light is rejected from the detector. It is demonstrated that polarization subtraction is the most efficient technique at selecting weakly scattered photons from a scattered light background as it enables the relationship between attenuation and absorption coefficient to become more linear while maintaining a higher number of detected photons. In practical use, the drawback of polarization subtraction over added absorber and spatial filtering methods is that a large dc background light level is maintained, which contributes to a higher shot noise. This means that when the scattering coefficient is high (micros > or = 7 mm(-1)) the added absorber method offers better performance for shot noise limited detection.
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Zhu Z, Lu B, Numnum M, Makhija S, Wang M, Reynolds P, Siegal G, Curiel D. 227 RNA interference against Hec1 targets malignant mesothelioma (MM). Lung Cancer 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(07)70303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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294
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Lu B, Zhang X, Yu X, Feng T, Yao S. Catalytic oxidation of benzene using DBD corona discharges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2006; 137:633-7. [PMID: 16621276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasma oxidation of benzene (C(6)H(6)) in oxygen and nitrogen was investigated using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with or without MnO2 or TiO2 at atmospheric pressure and without external heating except plasma heating. An alternative current power supply was used to generate corona discharges for the plasma oxidation. The energy density was controlled under 200 J/L to keep an increase in gas temperature less than 167 K. C(6)H(6) was oxidized to carbon monoxide (CO) and dioxide (CO(2)). Typically, the energy efficiency at an energy density of 92J/L was about 0.052, 0.039, and 0.024 mol/kWh with MnO2, TiO2, and without MnO2 and TiO2, respectively. Benzene oxidation mechanism was mentioned. A comparison on energy efficiency as a function of initial concentration of hydrocarbons, inorganic sulphur compounds, and chloro (fluoro and bromo) carbons was given.
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Chen FL, Liu Y, Song XY, Hu HY, Xu HB, Zhang XM, Shi JH, Hu J, Shen Y, Lu B, Wang XC, Hu RM. A novel mitochondrial DNA missense mutation at G3421A in a family with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness. Mutat Res 2006; 602:26-33. [PMID: 16949108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in mtDNA are thought to be responsible for the pathogenesis of maternally inherited diabetes. Here, we report a family with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness whose members did not harbour the mtDNA A3243G mutation, the most frequent point mutation in mitochondrial diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate a possible other mtDNA mutation and its prevalence in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Height, body weight, waistline, and hip circumference were measured and serum biochemical marks determined in all members of the family. In addition, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and electric listening test were conducted in these members. Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral leukocytes. Direct sequencing of PCR products was used to detect the mtDNA mutation in this family. The prevalence of mtDNA G3421A nucleotide substitutions was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 1350 unrelated type 2 diabetic patients recruited by random cluster sampling from the central city area of Shanghai, China. RESULTS (1) A new missense homoplasmic mutation of mtDNA G3421A was found in a maternally inherited diabetic family and existed neither in 1350 unrelated type 2 diabetic patients nor in 50 non-diabetic individuals. (2) The mode of mutation and diabetes transmission was typical maternal inheritance in this family. (3) All diabetic family members were found to have an onset at 35-42 years of age, accompanied by deafness of varying degrees. CONCLUSION mtDNA G3421A (Val39Ile) found in a family with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness is a novel missense mutation. Whether this is a diabetogenic mutation and its effect on mitochondrial function needs to be further studied.
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Awai K, Xu C, Lu B, Benning C. Lipid trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the chloroplast. Biochem Soc Trans 2006; 34:395-8. [PMID: 16709171 DOI: 10.1042/bst0340395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The photosynthetic (thylakoid) membrane of plants is one of the most extensive biological cell membrane systems found in Nature. It harbours the photosynthetic apparatus, which is essential to life on Earth as carbon dioxide is fixed and atmospheric oxygen released by photosynthesis. Lipid biosynthetic enzymes of different subcellular compartments participate in the biogenesis of the thylakoid membrane system. This process requires the extensive exchange of lipid precursors between the chloroplast and the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). The underlying lipid trafficking phenomena are not yet understood at the mechanistic level, but genetic mutants of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with disruptions in lipid trafficking between the ER and the chloroplast have recently become available. Their study has led to the identification of components of the lipid transfer machinery at the inner chloroplast envelope.
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297
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Lu B. PDGFR-β expression in small cell lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
17128 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) carries an extremely poor prognosis and treatment options for this disease remain poor. PDGF and PDGFR-β are expressed and have been found to have prognostic value in several human cancers. Data in non-small cell cancer cell lines have suggested that PDGFR is a therapeutic target for drug development. In the current study PDGFR-β expression and prognostic value in SCLC was investigated. Methods: Paraffin embedded tissue blocks from 53 patients with limited and extensive stage SCLC were obtained for immunohistochemical staining. Tumors from each patient were sampled three times and stained with PDGFR-β specific antibody. Patients were divided into low and high staining groups based on intensity. Results: There was high intensity PDGFR-β staining in 20 patients with SCLC. Another 29 expressed low intensity PDGFR- β staining, with only 4 patients showing no PDGFR- β staining. There was no statistically significant difference in five year overall survival between patients with low levels of PDGFR-β staining versus those with high level staining SCLC tumors (P = 0.538). Conclusions: Though expression of PDGFR-β may not be a predictor of prognosis, due to its high expression in SCLC it may represent an important target for improved tumor control, however, further studies are required to confirm this. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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298
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Lu B, Giuliano A. An Estimate of Global Female Hpv Prevalence:Implications for Hpv Vaccine Effectiveness. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s73-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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299
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Yan G, Liu C, Lu B, Palta J, Li J. SU-FF-T-43: A Planar Dose Calculation Algorithm for IMRT Quality Assurance. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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300
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Duggan D, Ding G, Coffey C, Lu B. SU-FF-J-31: Breath-Hold Cone-Beam CT for Patient Setup in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Lung Tumors. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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