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Li M, Wu P, Chung Y, Chan C, Wong W. UP-1.176: The Long Term Outcome of Pelvic Floor Exercise (PFE) for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI). Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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277
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Wu P, Winske D, Gary SP, Schwadron NA, Lee MA. Energy dissipation and ion heating at the heliospheric termination shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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278
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Alagappan G, Wu P. Wave equations for one-dimensional inhomogenous anisotropic dielectric structures. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:2090-2092. [PMID: 19823511 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.002090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In general, Maxwell equations are coupled when governing light propagation through one-dimensional inhomogeneous anisotropic dielectric structures. However, for on-axis propagation in one-dimensional inhomogeneous uniaxially anisotropic dielectric structures with any orientation of the optic axis, and biaxially anisotropic structures with certain orientations of principal axes, we show that the equations can be decoupled into two wave equations satisfied by the two independent polarizations of light. Furthermore, the dielectric tensor in the original Maxwell equations is replaced with effective dielectric constants for each polarization of the light. We also give specialized results for anisotropic multilayer dielectric structures and one-dimensional anisotropic photonic crystals.
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Alagappan G, Wu P. Geometrically distributed one-dimensional photonic crystals for light-reflection in all angles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:11550-11557. [PMID: 19582071 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.011550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a series of one-dimensional photonic crystals made of any dielectric materials, with the periods are distributed in a geometrical progression of a common ratio, r < rc (theta,P), where rc is a structural parameter that depends on the angle of incidence, theta, and polarization, P, is capable of blocking light of any spectral range. If an omni-directional reflection is desired for all polarizations and for all incident angles smaller than thetao, then r < rc (theta(o),p), where p is the polarization with the electric field parallel to the plane of incidence. We present simple and formula like expressions for rc, width of the bandgap, and minimum number of photonic crystals to achieve a perfect light reflection.
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Abouzeid H, Wu P, Mohammed N, Al-Samarrai M. Group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis: The return of a potentially fatal disease. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009; 25:806-8. [PMID: 16368591 DOI: 10.1080/01443610500335480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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281
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Ng C, Li H, Kwong L, Law M, Wu P. SU-FF-T-226: Comparing the Sensitivity of Ionization Chamber Array to Film and Point Dose Measurement for IMRT Delivery Errors. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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282
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Wu P, Rosario C, Paderova J, Gladdy R, Ko M, Squire J, Dennis J, Swallow C. Mechanisms of Plk4 haploinsufficiency in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.11100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11100 Background: The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is multifactorial and includes genetic predisposition, though the precise nature of the latter is as yet poorly understood. Mice heterozygous for the polo like kinase Plk4 develop spontaneous HCC and human HCC cases show a high rate of LOH (loss of heterozygosity) at the Plk4 locus. We hypothesize that Plk4 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in man. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which a 50% reduction of Plk4 leads to carcinogenesis. Methods: We established Plk4± and Plk4+/+ murine embryonic fibroblast cell lines (MEFs) in vitro. 5 of 5 Plk4+/+ MEF lines senesced at passage 7–8 as expected, while 9 of 9 Plk4±MEF lines immortalized in culture under NIH 3T3 protocol. The latter were used at passage 15–20 for in vivo tumorigenesis studies. Results: Plk4± MEFs demonstrated increased ploidy with increased passage number. By passage 4, Plk4± MEFs showed a near tetraploid karyotype as well as multiple chromosomal rearrangements and deletions, as assessed by Spectral Karyotype (SKY) Analysis. 5 out of 9 late passage Plk4± MEF lines injected into NOD-SCID mice grew tumors, with a latency of 3 to 12 weeks. By contrast, injection of Plk4+/+ MEFs yielded no tumors. Tumors generated from injection of Plk4± MEFs were harvested, cultured and submitted to SKY analysis; this showed increased clonal rearrangements and deletions compared to the parent cell lines. Conclusion: A 50% reduction in Plk4 expression results in immortalization, aneuploidy and chromosomal instability in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo. These results demonstrate that insufficient levels of Plk4, whether due to mutation or LOH, can contribute to the pathogenesis of HCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ong JR, Alagappan G, Wu P, Sun XW. White beam diffraction in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2009; 26:1256-1259. [PMID: 19412245 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.26.001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate diffraction of a white beam in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. Experimental and computational results for a halogen light source are presented. Applying equal-frequency surface analysis, we reproduce the experimental results by computer simulations. The white beam is modeled computationally as a sum of many circular rings; each ring is made up of many wavelength components. We also present computer simulations of the diffraction pattern for a fluorescent light source.
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284
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Hong CY, Huang JJ, Wu P, Lo SJ, Wei YH. Fluorescence Supravital Stain of Human Sperm: Correlation with Sperm Motility Measured by a Transmembrane Migration Method/Supravital-Fluoreszenz-Färbung von menschlichen Spermatozoen: Korrelation zur Spermatozoenmotilität (Messung mittels Transmembran-Mi. Andrologia 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1988.tb03136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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285
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Wu P, Attarchi F, Anderson N, Carstensen JT. Effect of Drug Solubility in Wet Granulation Fluids on the Dissolution Rates of the Resulting Tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639048909040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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286
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Stavchansky S, Wu P, Wallace JE. Gas Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride in Cocoa Butter-White Wax Suppositories. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639048309042837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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287
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Stavchansky S, Garabedian M, Wu P, Martin A. Influence of Dielectric Constant of the Base on the Release of Acetaminophen from Suppositories. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639047909069239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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288
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Fang X, Weng Y, Xu S, Chen Z, Liu J, Chen B, Wu P, Ni H, Yao K. Optical coherence tomographic characteristics and surgical outcome of eyes with myopic foveoschisis. Eye (Lond) 2008; 23:1336-42. [PMID: 18836417 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the optical coherence topographic (OCT) characteristics and outcome of vitrectomy with triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-assisted epiretinal tissue removal and gas tamponade in eyes with myopic foveoschisis (MF). METHODS We examined 101 myopic eyes, and the OCT characteristics of 18 eyes (18%) with an MF were studied. Six eyes underwent vitrectomy with TA-assisted epiretinal tissue removal and gas tamponade. The postoperative outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), resolution of the MF as determined by OCT, and complications. RESULTS OCT scans showed an isolated MF in three (17%) eyes, and the MF were associated with two or more macular anomalies in 15 (83%) eyes. A foveal detachment was found in 13 (72%), lamellar macular hole in 4 (22%), and a tractional epimacular membrane in 11 (61%) of the 18 eyes. Six eyes underwent surgery, in which the epiretinal tissue was made visible by intravitreal TA and completely removed. The median BCVA significantly improved from 20/400 preoperatively (range, 20/1000-20/160) to 20/160 postoperatively (range, 20/200-20/40; P=0.03, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The mean VA improved by 5.6 lines. OCT showed a complete reattachment of the fovea in four (67%) eyes and a small subfoveal or parafoveal detachment in two (33%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS MF is commonly observed in highly myopic eyes and most are associated with one or more macular anomalies. Vitrectomy with TA-assisted complete removal of all tractional premacular structures followed by gas tamponade resulted in good visual and anatomical outcomes for treating MF.
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Lee YM, Chen HW, Wu P, Tzeng CR. Microrna regulation during preimplantation embryo development. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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290
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Wu P, Li H, Jin S, Zhou X, Li Y, Ye D, Chen B, Wan J. BML-111, a lipoxin receptor agonist, modulates the immune response and reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis. Inflamm Res 2008; 57:157-62. [PMID: 18648754 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-007-7141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipoxins (LXs) are endogenous antiinflammatory and pro-resolving eicosanoids generated during various inflammatory conditions. Recent research has revealed the novel immunomodulatory function of LXs. The aim of this study is to investigate whether LXs modulate the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a typical chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease. METHODS AND RESULTS CIA was induced in DBA/1 mice and BML-111, a lipoxin A4 receptor agonist, was administrated. Results indicated that compared with untreated CIA mice, both clinical disease activity scores and histological destruction of joint were significantly reduced in BML-111-treated CIA mice. The dampened joint injury was accompanied by decreased concentrations of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in BML-111-treated CIA mice. In addition, proliferation of isolated spleen cells, as well as circulating levels of antibody to type II collagen, were reduced significantly in BML-111-treated CIA mice. CONCLUSION BML-111 attenuated CIA in part by negatively regulating the immune response, which implicates the potential pharmacological value of LXs in the treatment of chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as RA.
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Mu SJ, Zeng Y, Wu P, Lou SJ, Tartakovsky B. Anaerobic digestion model no. 1-based distributed parameter model of an anaerobic reactor: I. Model development. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:3665-75. [PMID: 17881223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a distributed parameter model of the anaerobic digestion process. The model is based on the Anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) and was developed to simulate anaerobic digestion process in high-rate reactors with significant axial dispersion, such as in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors. The model, which was named ADM1d, combines ADM1's kinetics of biomass growth and substrate transformation with axial dispersion material balances. ADM1d uses a hyperbolic tangent function to describe biomass distribution within a one compartment model. A comparison of this approach with a two-compartment, sludge bed - liquid above the bed, model showed similar simulation results while the one-compartment model had less equations. A comparison of orthogonal collocation and finite difference algorithms for numerical solution of ADM1d showed better stability of the finite difference algorithm.
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Zhang F, Zhong X, Miao L, Liu Z, Huang G, Wu P, Fan Z, Ji G. High concentration glutaraldehyde-induced severe procto-sigmoiditis: treatment experiences and the 20-month follow-up. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40:483-4. [PMID: 18314400 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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293
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Tartakovsky B, Mu SJ, Zeng Y, Lou SJ, Guiot SR, Wu P. Anaerobic digestion model No. 1-based distributed parameter model of an anaerobic reactor: II. Model validation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:3676-84. [PMID: 17889525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an ADM1-based distributed parameter model was validated using experimental results obtained in a laboratory-scale 10 L UASB reactor. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters was used to select four parameters for estimation by a numerical procedure while other parameters were accepted from ADM1 benchmark simulations. The parameter estimation procedure used measurements of liquid phase components obtained at different sampling points in the reactor and under different operating conditions. Model verification used real time fluorescence-based measurements of chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids at four sampling locations in the reactor. Overall, the distributed parameter model was able to describe the distribution of liquid phase components in the reactor and adequately simulated the effect of external recirculation on degradation efficiency. The model can be used in the design, analysis and optimization of UASB reactors.
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Wu P, Cowling BJ, Schooling CM, Wong IOL, Johnston JM, Leung CC, Tam CM, Leung GM. Age-period-cohort analysis of tuberculosis notifications in Hong Kong from 1961 to 2005. Thorax 2007; 63:312-6. [PMID: 18024541 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.082354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its wealth, excellent vital indices and robust health care infrastructure, Hong Kong has a relatively high incidence of tuberculosis (TB) (85.4 per 100 000). Hong Kong residents have also experienced a very rapid and recent epidemiological transition; the population largely originated from migration by southern Chinese in the mid 20th century. Given the potentially long latency period of TB infection, an investigation was undertaken to determine the extent to which TB incidence rates reflect the population history and the impact of public health interventions. METHODS An age-period-cohort model was used to break down the Hong Kong TB notification rates from 1961 to 2005 into the effects of age, calendar period and birth cohort. RESULTS Analysis by age showed a consistent pattern across all the cohorts by year of birth, with a peak in the relative risk of TB at 20-24 years of age. Analysis by year of birth showed an increase in the relative risk of TB from 1880 to 1900, stable risk until 1910, then a linear rate of decline from 1910 with an inflection point at 1990 for a steeper rate of decline. Period effects yielded only one inflection during the calendar years 1971-5. CONCLUSIONS Economic development, social change and the World Health Organisation's short-course directly observed therapy (DOTS) strategy have contributed to TB control in Hong Kong. The linear cohort effect until 1990 suggests that a relatively high, but slowly falling, incidence of TB in Hong Kong will continue into the next few decades.
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Zhou XY, Wu P, Zhang L, Xiong W, Li YS, Feng YM, Ye DY. Effects of lipoxin A(4) on lipopolysaccharide induced proliferation and reactive oxygen species production in RAW264.7 macrophages through modulation of G-CSF secretion. Inflamm Res 2007; 56:324-33. [PMID: 17687517 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-007-7012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced proliferation and reactive oxygen species production in RAW264.7 macrophages. METHODS RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with or without LPS in the absence or presence of LXA(4). In another experiment, the cells were incubated with rmG-CSF (recombinant mouse granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) or neutralizing anti-G-CSF Ab in the absence or presence of LPS and LXA(4). The proliferation effects were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Reative oxygen species were quantified by flow cytometry and laser confocal scanning microscopy. G-CSF gene expression and protein secretion were measured by real time PCR and ELISA, respectively. IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB translocation were determined by Western blot, and NF-kappaB transcriptional activity was tested by transfections and luciferase activities assay. RESULTS (1) LXA(4) controlled LPS-induced proliferation and reactive oxygen species production. (2) LXA(4) decreased LPS-induced G-CSF gene expression and protein secretion. (3) LXA(4) restrained LPS-induced IkappaBalpha degradation, NF-kappaB translocation, and NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. (4) rmG-CSF could rescue the inhibitory effects of LXA(4), and neutralizing anti-G-CSF Ab was able to enhance the roles of LXA(4). CONCLUSIONS LXA(4) inhibited LPS-induced proliferation and reactive oxygen species production in RAW264.7 macrophages partially through modulation of G-CSF secretion.
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Rangelova E, van der Wal W, Braun A, Sideris MG, Wu P. Analysis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment time-variable mass redistribution signals over North America by means of principal component analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jf000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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297
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Mu SJ, Zeng Y, Tartakovsky B, Wu P. Simulation and Control of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor Using an ADM1-Based Distributed Parameter Model. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie060853l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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298
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Yua LM, Chen XX, Ai P, Zi M, Wu P, Li ZY. VERSATILE TWO-PHASE SOLVENT SYSTEM FOR ANTHRAQUINONE PREFRACTIONATION BY HIGH SPEED COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100107349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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299
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Yanagi H, Yamamoto N, Miyakoshi K, Wu P, Sendaiya M, Isaka T. OXYGEN UPTAKE IN SNOW SHOVELING WITH MODIFIED SHOVEL. J Biomech 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(07)70641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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300
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Stavchansky S, Wallace JE, Chue M, Wu P. Gas Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride in Polyethylene Glycol Suppositories Using the Hall's Electrolytic Conductivity Detector. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718208069539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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