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McNutt T, Wu B, Moore J, Petit S, Kazhdan M, Taylor R. TH-E-BRCD-02: Automated Treatment Planning Using a Database of Prior Patient Treatment Plans. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4736348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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377
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Wu B, Pang D, Sanguineti G, Taylor R, McNutt T. SU-C-211-03: Using OVH and IMRT Plan Data to Automate VMAT Planning: A Head-And-Neck Study. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4734602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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378
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Liu K, Li G, Fan C, Zhou X, Wu B, Li J. Increased expression of microRNA-21and its association with chemotherapeutic response in human colorectal cancer. J Int Med Res 2012; 39:2288-95. [PMID: 22289545 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) was determined in 42 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The level of miR-21 in CRC tumour tissue was compared with paired normal adjacent tissue (NAT) and the relationships of miR-21 levels to clinicopathological characteristics and pathological tumour response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were investigated. There was a significantly higher level of miR-21 in CRC tumour tissue than in NAT and high expression of miR-21 was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage and poor cell differentiation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a maximum optimal cut-off cycle threshold value of 10.32 for differentiating pathological responders from non-responders, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 88.2%. These data showed that miR-21 was significantly overexpressed in CRC tumour tissue and was associated with advanced CRC, and that miR-21 may be a potential candidate biomarker for predicting pathological tumour response to chemotherapy.
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379
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Qin J, Fang Y, Dong Y, Zhu K, Wu B, An Y, Shan H. Radiological and clinical findings of 25 patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: retrospective analysis of 2150 liver transplantation cases. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e429-35. [PMID: 22496071 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/39784231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiological and clinical findings of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) after liver transplantation. METHODS This study included 25 consecutive liver transplant recipients with histologically confirmed IPA after liver transplantation. Radiological examinations performed for diagnosis were available in all patients. Clinical findings and changes in clinical response and radiological findings after treatment were also evaluated. RESULTS 3 main radiological findings were identified: nodules, 64% (16/25); masses, 36% (9/25); and consolidations in a patchy pattern, 20% (5/25). A tree-in-bud pattern was found in 12% (3/25) of patients. In 8 (32%) of 25 patients, we found a combination of 2 or more of these signs: 5 (20%) patients presented with concurrent nodules accompanied by patchy consolidations and/or tree-in-bud, and 3 (12%) patients showed masses accompanied by large consolidations. A halo sign was observed in 20 (80%) of 25 patients. Hypodense sign and cavitary lesions were encountered in 17 (68%) of 25 patients. Follow-up radiological findings after treatment showed improvement in 18 patients, no change in 4 patients and progression in 3 patients. There were three aspergillosis-associated deaths during the follow-up period. The onset time of IPA was a median of 31 days after transplantation. The most common symptom at diagnosis was fever (n=15). None of the 25 patients had leukopaenia at the time of the diagnosis of IPA. CONCLUSIONS The most common radiological findings of IPA after liver transplantation are multiple nodules with or without halo sign, masses and consolidations, which usually appear about 1 month after transplantation.
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380
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Wu B, Zhang F, Yu M, Zhao P, Ji W, Zhang H, Han J, Niu R. Up-regulation of Anxa2 gene promotes proliferation and invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:189-98. [PMID: 22452352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metastatic ability of breast cancer cells with chemoresistant properties is higher when compared to that of their parental wild-type cells. Expression of AnnexinA2 (Anxa2), a 36-kDa calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, is increased in metastatic tumours and has been found to be associated with the phenotype of drug resistance and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we found that up-regulation of Anxa2 correlates with enhanced migration and invasion ability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis revealed that exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs may induce elevated expression of Anxa2. In addition, our data have shown that Anxa2 might influence proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells by increasing expression of c-myc and cyclin D1 via activation of Erk1/2 signalling pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that up-regulation of Anxa2 may play an important role in modulating proliferation and invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells through regulation of many relevant downstream target genes.
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381
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Wu B, Rong R. Cold agglutinin syndrome with severe haemolytic anaemia in a patient diagnosed of disseminated tuberculosis and concomitant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Transfus Med 2012; 22:151-2. [PMID: 22380788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2012.01141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anemia, Hemolytic/diagnosis
- Anemia, Hemolytic/etiology
- Anemia, Hemolytic/therapy
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/diagnosis
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/etiology
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/therapy
- Humans
- Male
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/complications
- Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/therapy
- Syndrome
- Tuberculosis/complications
- Tuberculosis/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis/therapy
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382
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Olson HE, Shen Y, Poduri A, Gorman MP, Dies KA, Robbins M, Hundley R, Wu B, Sahin M. Micro-duplications of 1q32.1 associated with neurodevelopmental delay. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:145-50. [PMID: 22266072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Distal partial trisomies involving the region 1q32 have been associated with dysmorphic features and developmental delay [1-11]. To further define the critical region for developmental delay and to investigate the genotype-phenotype association of 1q trisomy syndrome, we report two patients with much smaller (3 Mb and 3.5 Mb in size) trisomic regions on 1q32.1. The two micro-duplications largely overlap and both patients exhibited cognitive and motor delays. Case 1 is a 5-year-old boy with global developmental delay, behavioral problems, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), staring spells, headaches, and paresthesias. Case 2 is a 14-year-old girl with seizures, cognitive and motor difficulties, and minor dysmorphic features. These two cases suggest that 1q32.1 region on distal arm of 1q and genes involved are critical to cognitive and motor development in a gene dosage sensitive manner and that other neurological features are variable within this syndrome.
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383
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Tian JT, Liu ZH, Zhou LQ, Wu B, Liu P, Yang AG. Isolation and characterization of 48 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the blood clam Scapharca broughtonii (Arcidae). GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:4501-7. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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384
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Anme T, Watanabe T, Tokutake K, Tomisaki E, Mochizuki Y, Tanaka E, Wu B, Nanba M, Shinohara R, Sugisawa Y. A pilot study of social competence assessment using interaction rating scale advanced. ISRN PEDIATRICS 2011; 2011:272913. [PMID: 22389772 PMCID: PMC3263582 DOI: 10.5402/2011/272913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the validity of the Interaction Rating Scale Advanced (IRSA) as an evidence-based practical index of social skills. Methods. The participants in our study were 17 high school students. The participants completed the five-minute interaction session and were observed using the IRSA. Their teacher evaluated their social competence based on regular observation in school. Results. The results indicated the high correlation between IRSA scores and teacher's practical evaluation. IRSA can measure social competence with high validity. Conclusion. The IRSA provides further evidence of the fact that in order to study social competence development, it is important to evaluate various features of the interaction like IRSA subscales.
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Abstract
Embryo biotechnology has become one of the prominent high businesses worldwide. This technology has evolved through three major changes, that is, traditional embryo transfer (in vivo embryo production by donor superovulation), in vitro embryo production by ovum pick up with in vitro fertilization and notably current cloning technique by somatic cell nuclear transfer and transgenic animal production. Embryo biotechnology has widely been used in dairy and beef cattle industry and commercial bovine embryo transfer has become a large international business. Currently, many developed biotechnologies during the period from early oocyte stage to pre-implantation embryos can be used to create new animal breeds and accelerate genetic progression. Based on recent advances in embryo biotechnologies and authors current studies, this review will focus on a description of the application of this technology to beef cattle improvement and discuss how to use this technology to accelerate beef cattle breeding and production. The main topics of this presentation include the following: (i) how to increase calf production numbers from gametes including sperm and oocyte; (ii) multiple ovulation and embryo transfer breeding schemes; (iii) in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasm sperm injection in bovine; (iv) pronuclear development and transgenic animals; (v) sex selection from sperm and embryos; (vi) cloning and androgenesis; (vii) blastocyst development and embryonic stem cells; (viii) preservation of beef cattle genetic resources; and (ix) conclusions.
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386
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Qiu HZ, Wu B, Xiao Y, Lin GL. Combination of differentiation and T stage can predict unresponsiveness to neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13:1353-60. [PMID: 21689282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to identify the factors predictive for extreme unresponsiveness to neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. METHOD Ninety-six patients with rectal cancer received neoadjuvant therapy (41 were treated with radiotherapy and 55 with chemoradiotherapy) before surgery. Tumour response, downstaging, pathological complete response (pCR) and disease-free survival were evaluated. RESULTS Tumour response, downstaging and pCR occurred in 70 (72.9%), 47 (49.0%) and 14 (14.6%) patients, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that a large tumour size, T4 stage, elevated serum tumour markers, poor differentiation, radiotherapy alone and mucinous tumour were indicators of poor tumour response and/or downstaging. On multivariate analysis, chemoradiotherapy was found to be predictive for tumour response and downstaging, whereas mucinous type and T4 stage negatively affected tumour response. No variable was found to be associated with pCR, but poor differentiation and T4 stage together predicted extreme unresponsiveness with a high specificity and a high positive predictive value. Very poor disease-free survival was also observed in patients simultaneously carrying these phenotypes. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in producing a response of rectal cancer. Unresponsiveness was most likely to occur in patients with poor differentiation and T4 disease.
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387
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Shi TY, Chen G, Huang X, Yuan Y, Wu X, Wu B, Li Z, Shun F, Chen H, Shi H. Effects of reactive oxygen species from activated leucocytes on human sperm motility, viability and morphology. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:696-703. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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388
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Wu B, Sanguineti G, Simari P, Kazhdan M, Pang D, Taylor R, Mcnutt T. On the Feasibility of using Overlap Volume Histogram and DVH Data of Prior IMRT Plans to Guide Smart Arc-based Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Treatment Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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389
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Vartanyants IA, Singer A, Mancuso AP, Yefanov OM, Sakdinawat A, Liu Y, Bang E, Williams GJ, Cadenazzi G, Abbey B, Sinn H, Attwood D, Nugent KA, Weckert E, Wang T, Zhu D, Wu B, Graves C, Scherz A, Turner JJ, Schlotter WF, Messerschmidt M, Lüning J, Acremann Y, Heimann P, Mancini DC, Joshi V, Krzywinski J, Soufli R, Fernandez-Perea M, Hau-Riege S, Peele AG, Feng Y, Krupin O, Moeller S, Wurth W. Coherence properties of individual femtosecond pulses of an x-ray free-electron laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:144801. [PMID: 22107200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.144801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the spatial and temporal coherence of single, femtosecond x-ray pulses generated by the first hard x-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source, are presented. Single-shot measurements were performed at 780 eV x-ray photon energy using apertures containing double pinholes in "diffract-and-destroy" mode. We determined a coherence length of 17 μm in the vertical direction, which is approximately the size of the focused Linac Coherent Light Source beam in the same direction. The analysis of the diffraction patterns produced by the pinholes with the largest separation yields an estimate of the temporal coherence time of 0.55 fs. We find that the total degree of transverse coherence is 56% and that the x-ray pulses are adequately described by two transverse coherent modes in each direction. This leads us to the conclusion that 78% of the total power is contained in the dominant mode.
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390
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Yuan HK, Chen H, Kuang AL, Wu B. Geometrical structure and spin order of Gd13 cluster. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:114512. [PMID: 21950876 DOI: 10.1063/1.3640416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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391
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Cherezov V, Wu B, Chien E, Liu W, Xu F, Stevens RC. Structural biology of G protein-coupled receptors. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311096760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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392
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Glade Bender JL, Lee A, Adamson PC, Ingle AM, Ahern CH, Wu B, Baruchel S, Harris PJ, Ames MM, Weigel B, Blaney S. Phase I study of pazopanib in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors (ADVL0815): A Children’s Oncology Group Phase I Consortium Trial. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.9501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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393
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Baruchel S, Wu B, Mokhtari RB, Glade Bender JL, DuBois SG, Widemann BC, Park JR, Stempak D, Ahern CH, Weigel B. Surrogate biomarkers of antiangiogenesis in Children's Oncology Group (COG) phase I trials. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.9502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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394
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Jia W, Shi J, Wu B, Ao L, Zhang R, Zhu Y. Polymorphisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor associated with heroin dependence. Neurosci Lett 2011; 495:221-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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395
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Lu Y, Wu B, Zhang S, Jiang H, Ge J, Chen H. Efficacy of statin pretreatment for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Clin Pract 2011; 65:624-30. [PMID: 21489086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury. Whether additional benefits can be achieved with the use of statin in decreasing the risk of CIN remains undetermined. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of statin pretreatment for the prevention of CIN. PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE and EBM Reviews databases were searched for randomised controlled trials comparing statin pretreatment with non-statin pretreatment for the prevention of CIN. Two reviewers independently assessed studies and performed data extraction. Risk ratio (RR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. Four trials with 751 subjects were included. Pooled analyses showed that the incidence of CIN was not significantly lower in statin pretreatment group, as compared with control group (RR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.44-1.29, p = 0.30). Similarly, none of 276 patients in statin pretreatment group needed renal replacement therapy (RRT), which was not significantly less than 2 of 275 patients assigned to control group during 1-month follow up (RR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.03-3.17, p = 0.34). Moreover, statin pretreatment was associated with mild reduction of serum creatinine (SCr) (WMD = -0.06 mg/dl, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.00 mg/dl, p = 0.05). The current cumulative evidence suggests that statin pretreatment may neither prevent CIN nor reduce the need for RRT. However, it may slightly decrease the level of SCr.
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396
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Lionnet T, Wu B, Grünwald D, Singer RH, Larson DR. Nuclear physics: quantitative single-cell approaches to nuclear organization and gene expression. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 75:113-26. [PMID: 21502409 PMCID: PMC3145213 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2010.75.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The internal workings of the nucleus remain a mystery. A list of component parts exists, and in many cases their functional roles are known for events such as transcription, RNA processing, or nuclear export. Some of these components exhibit structural features in the nucleus, regions of concentration or bodies that have given rise to the concept of functional compartmentalization--that there are underlying organizational principles to be described. In contrast, a picture is emerging in which transcription appears to drive the assembly of the functional components required for gene expression, drawing from pools of excess factors. Unifying this seemingly dual nature requires a more rigorous approach, one in which components are tracked in time and space and correlated with onset of specific nuclear functions. In this chapter, we anticipate tools that will address these questions and provide the missing kinetics of nuclear function. These tools are based on analyzing the fluctuations inherent in the weak signals of endogenous nuclear processes and determining values for them. In this way, it will be possible eventually to provide a computational model describing the functional relationships of essential components.
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397
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Xiao Y, Wu B, Zhang X, Tian J. Abstract No. 122: Peripheral NSCLC treated with CT-guided conformal cryoablation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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398
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Petit SF, Wu B, Kazhdan M, Dekker A, Simari P, Kumar R, Taylor RH, Herman JM, McNutt T. The potential of shape-based treatment plan optimization for pancreatic IMRT treatments to spare organs at risk and allow for dose escalation to the tumor PTV. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
316 Background: Due to the low dose tolerance of the organs at risk (OARs) in the abdomen the tumor dose for pancreatic cancer patient is restricted to 50-60 Gy in 1.8-2.0 Gy fractions when combined with chemotherapy. The goal of this study was to develop a system that can determine the minimal radiation dose to the OARs of each individual patient that is achievable while maintaining adequate tumor coverage. This could guide treatment planners to spare the OARs to the fullest extent. When the minimal doses to the OAR are achieved, the total plan can be upscaled until the normal tissue dose constraints are met, allowing for an increase in tumor dose without increased normal tissue toxicity. Methods: The minimal achievable dose to the OARs depends on its proximity to the planning target volume (PTV). The overlap volume histogram (OVH) was used to describe the spatial relation of each OAR to the PTV. A database of 33 patients, treated with IMRT, was queried to find the lowest achieved dose to an organ for any of the prior patients with less favorable PTV-OAR configurations than the current patient. This minimal dose must also be achievable for the OAR of the new patient. For 25 randomly chosen patients the lowest achievable dose to the liver and kidneys was predicted this way. Then the patients were replanned to verify if this dose could be achieved. The new plans were compared to the original clinical plans. Results: After replanning the predicted achievable dose to the liver was realized within 1 and 2 Gy for more than 86% and 96% of the patients respectively. For the kidneys these numbers were 83% and 96%. The average improvement in terms of mean dose was 1.4 Gy (range 0 – 4.6 Gy) for the liver and 1.7 Gy (range 0 – 6.3 Gy) for the kidneys. This would have allowed an increase in PTV dose of on average 5 Gy (range 0-13 Gy) based on the liver and 8.5 Gy (range 0-38 Gy) based on the kidneys compared to the original plan, without an increase in dose to the bowel, cord, and stomach. Conclusions: The lowest achievable dose to the OARs could accurately be predicted for pancreatic cancer patients within seconds. This can guide dosimetrists to spare the OARs or increase the PTV dose by 5 Gy without increased toxicity. [Table: see text]
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399
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Wei H, Wu B, Yang W, Luo T. Low rainfall-induced shift in leaf trait relationship within species along a semi-arid sandy land transect in northern China. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2011; 13:85-92. [PMID: 21143729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether the shift in leaf traits between species of high- and low-rainfall sites is caused by low rainfall or by species replacement, because leaf traits vary substantially among species and sites. Our objective was to test if the within-species relationship between specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf N concentration (N(mass) ) shifts across a rainfall gradient in the semi-arid sandy lands of northern China. Data for SLA and N(mass) of dominant species and related canopy and soil variables were collected from 33 plots along a rainfall transect (270-390 mm) having similar temperatures in the Mu Us, Inner Mongolia. We further investigated the generality of Mu Us data using 12 additional plots in the southeastern Qaidam Basin, Qinghai. Artemisia ordosica is a widespread species in both regions. Across and within species, the positive SLA-N(mass) relationship shifted between two plant groups in the lowest rainfall plots (270 mm) and other higher rainfall plots (320-390 mm), which was confirmed by additional data from Qinghai. For A. ordosica populations, leaf area index (LAI) decreased and N(mass) increased with decreasing rainfall, while the foliage N pool and SLA varied little. Rainfall was the limiting factor that determined variations in N(mass) and LAI. Accordingly, N(mass) /SLA ratios continually increased with decreasing LAI along the rainfall gradient (r = -0.76, P < 0.001). Results indicate a low rainfall-induced shift in the SLA-N(mass) relationship associated with changes in LAI and foliage N pool, suggesting a link between leaf characteristics and ecosystem function.
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400
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Moore LA, Hussey M, Ferreira JT, Wu B. Review of photokeratitis: Corneal response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure*. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v69i3.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of photokeratitis in response to natural solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is prevalent in individuals participating in outdoor recreational activities in environments with high reflective surfaces, such as beach activities, water sports and snow skiing. Eye care practitioners (ECPs) are frequently encouraged by manufacturers and researchers to recommend UVR-blocking eyewear in the form of sunglasses and contact lenses. However, little is known about the precise nature of the corneal tissue response in the development of photokeratitis. This paper reviews the mechanisms responsible for the development of photokeratitis. Clinical signs and symptoms of photokeratitis, UVR corneal threshold and action spectra, corneal cellular changes and ocular protection from corneal UVR exposure are discussed. The content of this article will be useful to ECPs in making appropriate recommendations when prescribing UVR-protec-tive eyewear. (S Afr Optom 2010 69(3) 123-131)
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