26
|
Maniero C, Ng SM, Collett G, Godec T, Siddiqui I, Antoniou S, Kumar A, Janmohamed A, Nair S, Kotecha A, Khan R, Khanji MY, Kapil V, Gupta J, Gupta AK. Differential impact of COVID-19 on mental health and burnout. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:45-52. [PMID: 37040624 PMCID: PMC10875923 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There may be differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and burnout rates of healthcare professionals (HCPs) performing different roles. AIMS To examine mental health and burnout rates, and possible drivers for any disparities between professional roles. METHODS In this cohort study, online surveys were distributed to HCPs in July-September 2020 (baseline) and re-sent 4 months later (follow-up; December 2020) assessing for probable major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), insomnia, mental well-being and burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization). Separate logistic regression models (at both phases) compared the risk of outcomes between roles: healthcare assistants (HCAs), nurses and midwives (nurses), allied health professionals (AHPs) and doctors (reference group). Separate linear regression models were also developed relating the change in scores to professional role. RESULTS At baseline (n = 1537), nurses had a 1.9-fold and 2.5-fold increased risk of MDD and insomnia, respectively. AHPs had a 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold increased risk of MDD and emotional exhaustion, respectively. At follow-up (n = 736), the disproportionate risk between doctors and others worsened: nurses and HCAs were at 3.7-fold and 3.6-fold increased risk of insomnia, respectively. Nurses also had a significantly increased risk of MDD, GAD, poor mental well-being and burnout. Nurses also had significantly worsened anxiety, mental well-being and burnout scores over time, relative to doctors. CONCLUSIONS Nurses and AHPs had excess risk of adverse mental health and burnout during the pandemic, and this difference worsened over time (in nurses especially). Our findings support adoption of targeted strategies accounting for different HCP roles.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kovoor JG, Gupta AK, Bacchi S, Stretton B, O'Callaghan PG, Murphy E, Hugh TJ, Padbury RT, Trochsler MI, Maddern GJ. Achieving equity: patient demographics and outcomes after surgical and non-surgical procedures in South Australia, 2022. ANZ J Surg 2024; 94:96-102. [PMID: 38291008 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although modern Australian healthcare systems provide patient-centred care, the ability to predict and prevent suboptimal post-procedural outcomes based on patient demographics at admission may improve health equity. This study aimed to identify patient demographic characteristics that might predict disparities in mortality, readmission, and discharge outcomes after either an operative or non-operative procedural hospital admission. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all surgical and non-surgical procedural admissions at three of the four major metropolitan public hospitals in South Australia in 2022. Multivariable logistic regression, with backwards selection, evaluated association between patient demographic characteristics and outcomes up to 90 days post-procedurally. RESULTS 40 882 admissions were included. Increased likelihood of all-cause, post-procedure mortality in-hospital, at 30 days, and 90 days, were significantly associated with increased age (P < 0.001), increased comorbidity burden (P < 0.001), an emergency admission (P < 0.001), and male sex (P = 0.046, P = 0.03, P < 0.001, respectively). Identification as ATSI (P < 0.001) and being born in Australia (P = 0.03, P = 0.001, respectively) were associated with an increased likelihood of 30-day hospital readmission and decreased likelihood of discharge directly home, as was increased comorbidity burden (P < 0.001) and emergency admission (P < 0.001). Being married (P < 0.001) and male sex (P = 0.003) were predictive of an increased likelihood of discharging directly home; in contrast to increased age (P < 0.001) which was predictive of decreased likelihood of this occurring. CONCLUSIONS This study characterized several associations between patient demographic factors present on admission and outcomes after surgical and non-surgical procedures, that can be integrated within patient flow pathways through the Australian healthcare system to improve healthcare equity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kovoor JG, Gupta AK, Bacchi S, Stretton B, Padbury RT. Power Distance Impacts Surgical Staff and Patients. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2024; 81:178-179. [PMID: 38160115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
|
29
|
Kovoor JG, Bacchi S, Stretton B, Gupta AK, Maddern GJ, Nelson R. Response to Letter: Update of risk factors for surgical site infection in clean-contaminated wounds after gastroenterological surgery: An analysis of 1,878 participants enrolled in 2 recent randomized control trials for the prevention of surgical site infection. Surgery 2024; 175:570-571. [PMID: 37758635 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
|
30
|
Pietris J, Lam A, Bacchi S, Gupta AK, Kovoor JG, Simon S, Slee M, Chan W. The Efficacy, Adverse Effects and Economic Implications of Oral Versus Intravenous Methylprednisolone for the Treatment of Optic Neuritis: A Systematic Review. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:6-16. [PMID: 38013424 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2287100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optic neuritis may occur in a variety of conditions, including as a manifestation of multiple sclerosis. Despite significant research into the efficacy of corticosteroids as a first-line treatment, the optimal route of administration has not been well defined. This review aims to explore the efficacy, adverse effects and economic implications of using oral versus intravenous methylprednisolone to treat acute optic neuritis. METHODS A systematic search of the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL was performed to July 2022, prior to data collection and risk of bias analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Six articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that in the treatment of acute optic neuritis, oral methylprednisolone has a non-inferior efficacy and adverse effect profile in comparison to intravenous methylprednisolone. In a cost analysis, oral methylprednisolone to be more cost-effective than intravenous methylprednisolone. CONCLUSIONS Oral methylprednisolone has comparable efficacy and adverse effect profiles to intravenous methylprednisolone for the treatment of optic neuritis. The analysis suggests oral administration is more cost-effective than intravenous administration; however, further analyses of the formal cost-benefit ratio are required.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wiseman TJ, Kovoor JG, Jiang M, Stretton B, Gupta AK, Bacchi S, Kette FE. Adrenaline autoinjectors for Australian out-of-hospital anaphylaxis: where to from here? Intern Med J 2024; 54:187-189. [PMID: 37926733 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular adrenaline autoinjectors are accepted as first-line treatment for out-of-hospital anaphylaxis but face ongoing issues of patient nonadherence related to drug expiry, availability, correct administration, and public recognition of the disease. Adrenaline is associated with possible harms in patients with defined comorbidities but is still considered preferable. Further research and policy is required to facilitate the effective treatment of anaphylaxis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Stretton B, Koovor JG, Hains L, Kleinig O, Tan S, Gupta AK, Ittimani M, Dwyer A, McNeil K, Chan W, Cusack M, O'Callaghan PG, Maddison J, Bacchi S. How will the artificial intelligence algorithm work within the constraints of this healthcare system? Intern Med J 2024; 54:190-191. [PMID: 38267379 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
|
33
|
Jiang M, Lam L, Kovoor JG, Kimber J, Gupta AK, Stretton B, Goh R, Bacchi S. Intravenous immunoglobulin alteration in response to adverse reactions in neurological conditions: A retrospective cohort study. Transfus Med 2023; 33:478-482. [PMID: 37964154 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an important treatment in a range of neurological conditions. There is currently limited evidence regarding the frequency and management of IVIg-associated adverse reactions (AR) in neurological disorders. METHODS A single-centre 18-month retrospective cohort study was conducted for all patients at a single tertiary hospital receiving IVIg as an inpatient or the medical day unit. Electronic medical record AR and alerts were reviewed for entries relating to IVIg, and prescribing records associated with recent IVIg administration were reviewed for the use of premedications. Case note review was undertaken to identify AR associated with alterations in IVIg treatment (such as reduction in rate, use of premedications or cessation of IVIg). Demographic, patient, and treatment factors were analysed for associations with AR necessitating alteration in IVIg treatment. RESULTS This study included 98 individuals who received IVIg during the study period. Of these, 12 (12.1%) patients required an alteration in their IVIg treatment. In total, 3 (3.1%) of the 98 included patients required a reduced rate of IVIg, and 10 (10.2%) patients received premedication. The most common premedications were normal saline at the time of the infusion, cetirizine, and hydrocortisone. No demographic factors, indications or comorbidities were found to be associated with an increased likelihood of AR. However, an IVIg daily dose of >35 g and >45 g were associated with an increased likelihood of requiring IVIg treatment alteration due to AR. CONCLUSIONS Alterations to IVIg treatment due to AR are commonly required in neurology patients, and may be associated with higher daily doses of IVIg.
Collapse
|
34
|
Campbell JO, Gupta AK, Lu A, Lim YF, Mishra N, Hewitt JN, Ovenden CD, Kovoor JG, Bacchi S, Trochsler M, Wells A. The geographic diversity of authorship in leading general surgery journals; A study of 24,332 authors. Surgeon 2023; 21:390-396. [PMID: 37659863 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research guides evidence-based general surgery practice, advocacy, policy and resource allocation, but is seemingly lacking representation from those countries with greatest disease burden and mortality. Accordingly, we conducted a geographic study of publications in the most impactful general surgery journals worldwide. METHODS The six general surgery journals with the highest 2020 impact factors were selected. Only journals specific to general surgery were included. For all original articles over the past five years, the affiliated country and city were extracted for the first, second and last author. Number of publications were adjusted per capita, and compared to Human Development Index (HDI) using logistic regression. RESULTS 8274 original articles were published in the top six ranked general surgery journals over 2016-2020, with 24,332 affiliated authors. Authors were most commonly associated with the US (27.88%), Japan (9.09%) and China (8.46%), or per capita, The Netherlands, Sweden and Singapore. There is a linear association between publishing in a top six journal and HDI of country of affiliation. Just four publications were from medium or low HDI countries over the period. CONCLUSION Authorship in leading general surgery journals is predominantly from wealthy, Western countries. Authorship is associated with affiliation with a high HDI country, with few authors from medium or low HDI countries. There is a lack of representation in literature from Africa, Russia, and parts of Southeast Asia, and thus a lack of locally relevant evidence to guide surgical practice in these areas of high disease burden and low life expectancy.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kovoor JG, Bacchi S, Stretton B, Gupta AK, Chan W. Eye of providence: Disclosing conflicts of interest in surgical research. Surgery 2023; 174:1485. [PMID: 37743103 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
|
36
|
Kleinig O, Kovoor JG, Gupta AK, Bacchi S. Universal precautions required: Artificial intelligence takes on the Australian Medical Council's trial examination. Aust J Gen Pract 2023; 52:863-865. [PMID: 38049136 DOI: 10.31128/ajgp-02-23-6708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The potential of artificial intelligence in medical practice is increasingly being investigated. This study aimed to examine OpenAI's ChatGPT in answering medical multiple choice questions (MCQ) in an Australian context. METHOD We provided MCQs from the Australian Medical Council's (AMC) medical licencing practice examination to ChatGPT. The chatbot's responses were graded using AMC's online portal. This experiment was repeated twice. RESULTS ChatGPT was moderately accurate in answering the questions, achieving a score of 29/50. It was able to generate answer explanations to most questions (45/50). The chatbot was moderately consistent, providing the same overall answer to 40 of the 50 questions between trial runs. DISCUSSION The moderate accuracy of ChatGPT demonstrates potential risks for both patients and physicians using this tool. Further research is required to create more accurate models and to critically appraise such models.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kovoor JG, Bacchi S, Gupta AK, Nann SD, Stretton B, Chong EHL, Hewitt JN, Bhanushali A, Nathin K, Aujayeb N, Lu A, Ovenden CD, John A, Reid JL, Gluck S, Liew D, Reddi BA, Hugh TJ, Dobbins C, Padbury RT, Hewett PJ, Trochsler MI, Maddern GJ. Sociocultural and Demographic Factors Predict Readmissions for General Surgery Patients. World J Surg 2023; 47:3124-3130. [PMID: 37775572 PMCID: PMC10694098 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-07177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Readmission is a poor outcome for both patients and healthcare systems. The association of certain sociocultural and demographic characteristics with likelihood of readmission is uncertain in general surgical patients. METHOD A multi-centre retrospective cohort study of consecutive unique individuals who survived to discharge during general surgical admissions was conducted. Sociocultural and demographic variables were evaluated alongside clinical parameters (considered both as raw values and their proportion of change in the 1-2 days prior to admission) for their association with 7 and 30 days readmission using logistic regression. RESULTS There were 12,701 individuals included, with 304 (2.4%) individuals readmitted within 7 days, and 921 (7.3%) readmitted within 30 days. When incorporating absolute values of clinical parameters in the model, age was the only variable significantly associated with 7-day readmission, and primary language and presence of religion were the only variables significantly associated with 30-day readmission. When incorporating change in clinical parameters between the 1-2 days prior to discharge, primary language and religion were predictive of 30-day readmission. When controlling for changes in clinical parameters, only higher comorbidity burden (represented by higher Charlson comorbidity index score) was associated with increased likelihood of 30-day readmission. CONCLUSIONS Sociocultural and demographic patient factors such as primary language, presence of religion, age, and comorbidity burden predict the likelihood of 7 and 30-day hospital readmission after general surgery. These findings support early implementation a postoperative care model that integrates all biopsychosocial domains across multiple disciplines of healthcare.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kovoor JG, Bacchi S, Gupta AK, Stretton B, Nann SD, Aujayeb N, Lu A, Nathin K, Lam L, Jiang M, Lee S, To MS, Ovenden CD, Hewitt JN, Goh R, Gluck S, Reid JL, Khurana S, Dobbins C, Hewett PJ, Padbury RT, Malycha J, Trochsler MI, Hugh TJ, Maddern GJ. Surgery's Rosetta Stone: Natural language processing to predict discharge and readmission after general surgery. Surgery 2023; 174:1309-1314. [PMID: 37778968 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the accuracy with which multiple natural language processing artificial intelligence models could predict discharge and readmissions after general surgery. METHODS Natural language processing models were derived and validated to predict discharge within the next 48 hours and 7 days and readmission within 30 days (based on daily ward round notes and discharge summaries, respectively) for general surgery inpatients at 2 South Australian hospitals. Natural language processing models included logistic regression, artificial neural networks, and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. RESULTS For discharge prediction analyses, 14,690 admissions were included. For readmission prediction analyses, 12,457 patients were included. For prediction of discharge within 48 hours, derivation and validation data set area under the receiver operator characteristic curves were, respectively: 0.86 and 0.86 for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, 0.82 and 0.81 for logistic regression, and 0.82 and 0.81 for artificial neural networks. For prediction of discharge within 7 days, derivation and validation data set area under the receiver operator characteristic curves were, respectively: 0.82 and 0.81 for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, 0.75 and 0.72 for logistic regression, and 0.68 and 0.67 for artificial neural networks. For readmission prediction within 30 days, derivation and validation data set area under the receiver operator characteristic curves were, respectively: 0.55 and 0.59 for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers and 0.77 and 0.62 for logistic regression. CONCLUSION Modern natural language processing models, particularly Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, can effectively and accurately identify general surgery patients who will be discharged in the next 48 hours. However, these approaches are less capable of identifying general surgery patients who will be discharged within the next 7 days or who will experience readmission within 30 days of discharge.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mishra K, Kovoor JG, Gupta AK, Bacchi S, Lai CS, Stain SC, Maddern GJ. Evolving challenges of leadership in surgery to improve inclusivity, representation, and well-being. Br J Surg 2023; 110:1723-1729. [PMID: 37758505 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leadership is a complex and demanding process crucial to maintaining quality in surgical systems of care. Once an autocratic practice, modern-day surgical leaders must demonstrate inclusivity, flexibility, emotional competence, team-building, and a multidisciplinary approach. The complex healthcare environment challenges those in leadership positions. The aim of this narrative review was to consolidate the major challenges facing surgeons today and to suggest evidence-based strategies to support surgical leaders. METHODS Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid databases were searched to review literature on the challenges faced by surgical leaders. The commonly identified areas that compromise inclusivity and productive leadership practices were consolidated into 10 main subheadings. Further research was conducted using the aforementioned databases to outline the importance of addressing such challenges, and to consolidate evidence-based strategies to resolve them. RESULTS The importance of increasing representation of marginalized groups in leadership positions, including women, ethnic groups, the queer community, and ageing professionals, has been identified by surgical colleges in many countries. Leaders must create a collegial environment with proactive, honest communication and robust reporting pathways for victims of workplace harassment. The retention of diverse, empowering, and educating leaders relies on equitable opportunities, salaries, recognition, and support. Thus, it is important to implement formal training and mentorship, burnout prevention, conflict management, and well-being advocacy. CONCLUSION There are two aspects to addressing challenges facing surgical leadership; improving advocacy by and for leaders. Systems must be designed to support surgical leaders through formal education and training, meaningful mentorship programmes, and well-being advocacy, thus enabling them to proactively and productively advocate and care for their patients, colleagues, and professional communities.
Collapse
|
40
|
Kimber JS, Kovoor JG, Glynatsis JM, West SJ, Mai TTN, Jacobsen JHW, Ovenden CD, Bacchi S, Hewitt JN, Gupta AK, Edwards S, Taverner FJ, Watson DI. Isopropyl alcohol inhalation versus 5-HT 3 antagonists for treatment of nausea: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1525-1535. [PMID: 37704796 PMCID: PMC10618376 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nausea is a common and unpleasant sensation for which current therapies such as serotonin (5-HT3) antagonists are often ineffective, while also conferring a risk of potential adverse events. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has been proposed as a treatment for nausea. We aimed to compare IPA with 5-HT3 antagonists for the treatment of nausea across all clinical settings. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL and CINAHL were searched from inception to 17 July 2023 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing inhaled IPA and a 5-HT3 antagonist for treatment of nausea. Severity and duration of nausea, rescue antiemetic use, adverse events and patient satisfaction were the outcomes sought. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Combination of meta-analyses and narrative review was used to synthesise findings. The evidence was appraised using GRADE. RESULTS From 1242 records, 4 RCTs were included with 382 participants. Participants receiving IPA had a significantly lower mean time to 50% reduction in nausea (MD - 20.06; 95% CI - 26.26, - 13.85). Nausea score reduction at 30 min was significantly greater in the IPA group (MD 21.47; 95% CI 15.47, 27.47). IPA led to significantly reduced requirement for rescue antiemetics (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37, 0.95; p = 0.03). IPA led to no significant difference in patient satisfaction when compared with a 5-HT3 antagonist. The overall GRADE assessment of evidence quality ranged from very low to low. CONCLUSION IPA may provide rapid, effective relief of nausea when compared with 5-HT3 antagonists.
Collapse
|
41
|
Tsang JNJ, Bacchi S, Kovoor JG, Gupta AK, Stretton B, Gluck S, Gilbert T, Sharma Y, Woodman R, Mangoni AA. Systolic blood pressure levels and mortality in Australian medical inpatients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:1036-1039. [PMID: 37787074 PMCID: PMC10631088 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiology of elevations in blood pressure is incompletely characterized, particularly in Australia. Given the lack of evidence regarding the frequency and the optimal management of in-hospital hypertension, the authors performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of consecutive medical admissions in South Australia over a 2-year period to investigate systolic blood pressure levels and their association with in-hospital mortality. Among 16 896 inpatients, 76% had at least one systolic blood pressure reading of ≥140 mmHg and 11.7% of ≥180 mmHg during hospitalization. A statistically significant negative relationship was observed between having at least one reading ≥140 mmHg and a likelihood of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.41, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.49, P < .001). Our results suggest that elevations in systolic blood pressure are common in Australian medical inpatients. However, the inverse association observed between systolic blood pressure values ≥140 mmHg and in-hospital mortality warrants further research to determine the clinical significance and optimal management of blood pressure elevations in this group.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kovoor JG, Bacchi S, Gupta AK, Vo T, Lam C, Lam L, Jiang M, Stretton B, To MS, Nann S, Ovenden CD, Hewitt JN, Goh R, Reid JL, Hugh TJ, Dobbins C, Hewett PJ, Trochsler MI, Kette FE, Maddern GJ. Opioid prescribing, pain, and hospital stay of general surgery patients with oxycodone allergies in South Australia. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:2631-2637. [PMID: 37837230 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of oxycodone adverse reactions, subsequent opioid prescription, effect on pain and patient care in general surgery patients are not well known. This study aimed to determine prevalence of documented oxycodone allergy and intolerances (independent variables) in a general surgical cohort, and association with prescribing other analgesics (particularly opioids), subjective pain scores, and length of hospital stay (dependent variables). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included general surgery patients from two South Australian hospitals between April 2020 and March 2022. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated associations between previous oxycodone allergies and intolerances, prescription records, subjective pain scores, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS Of 12 846 patients, 216 (1.7%) had oxycodone allergies, and 84 (0.7%) oxycodone intolerances. The 216 oxycodone allergy patients had lower odds of receiving oxycodone (OR 0.17, P < 0.001), higher odds of tramadol (OR 3.01, P < 0.001) and tapentadol (OR 2.87, P = 0.001), but 91 (42.3%) still received oxycodone and 19 (8.8%) morphine. The 84 with oxycodone intolerance patients had lower odds of receiving oxycodone (OR 0.23, P < 0.001), higher odds of fentanyl (OR 3.6, P < 0.001) and tramadol (OR 3.35, P < 0.001), but 42 (50%) still received oxycodone. Patients with oxycodone allergies and intolerances had higher odds of elevated subjective pain (OR 1.60, P = 0.013; OR 2.36, P = 0.002, respectively) and longer length of stay (OR 1.36, P = 0.038; OR 2.24, P = 0.002, respectively) than patients without these. CONCLUSIONS General surgery patients with oxycodone allergies and intolerances are at greater risk of worse postoperative pain and longer length of stay, compared to patients without. Many still receive oxycodone, and other opioids that could cause cross-reactivity.
Collapse
|
43
|
Pietris J, Madike R, Lam A, Al Sharifi A, Bacchi S, Gupta AK, Kovoor JG, Chan W. Cogan's Lid Twitch for Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review. Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:727-736. [PMID: 37166275 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2211134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles and may be difficult to diagnose. Several clinical signs may have diagnostic utility, including Cogan's lid twitch. This systematic review aims to synthesise the literature on the accuracy of Cogan's lid twitch for diagnosing myasthenia gravis. METHODS A systematic search of the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL was performed from inception to August 2022. Risk of bias analysis and data extraction were performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. RESULTS Seven articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. The results showed that for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, Cogan's lid twitch has a sensitivity between 50% and 99% and specificity between 75% and 100%. CONCLUSIONS Cogan's lid twitch is a physical examination finding with moderate diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis with ocular involvement. Future studies may seek to evaluate the performance of Cogan's lid twitch in conjunction with other signs of myasthenia gravis with ocular involvements, such as fatigable ptosis or a positive icepack test.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kovoor JG, Nann SD, Barot DD, Garg D, Hains L, Stretton B, Ovenden CD, Bacchi S, Chan E, Gupta AK, Hugh TJ. Prehabilitation for general surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:2411-2425. [PMID: 37675939 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehabilitation seeks to optimize patient health before surgery to improve outcomes. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted on prehabilitation, however an updated synthesis of this evidence is required across General Surgery to inform potential Supplementary discipline-level protocols. Accordingly, this systematic review of RCTs aimed to evaluate the use of prehabilitation interventions across the discipline of General Surgery. METHODS This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023403289), and adhered to PRISMA 2020 and SWiM guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE and Ovid Embase were searched to 4 March 2023 for RCTs evaluating prehabilitation interventions within the discipline of General Surgery. After data extraction, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Quantitative and qualitative data were synthesized and analysed. However, meta-analysis was precluded due to heterogeneity across included studies. RESULTS From 929 records, 36 RCTs of mostly low risk of bias were included. 17 (47.2%) were from Europe, and 14 (38.9%) North America. 30 (83.3%) investigated cancer populations. 31 (86.1%) investigated physical interventions, finding no significant difference in 16 (51.6%) and significant improvement in 14 (45.2%). Nine (25%) investigated psychological interventions: six (66.7%) found significant improvement, three (33.3%) found no significant difference. Five (13.9%) investigated nutritional interventions, finding no significant difference in three (60%), and significant improvement in two (40%). CONCLUSIONS Prehabilitation interventions showed mixed levels of effectiveness, and there is insufficient RCT evidence to suggest system-level delivery across General Surgery within standardized protocols. However, given potential benefits and non-inferiority to standard care, they should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kovoor JG, Hewitt JN, Barbaro A, Gupta AK, Ovenden CD, Stretton B, Bacchi S, Dobbins C. Proposal of the Whyalla Direct Access Tool and pathway for rural Australian colonoscopy services. Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:1032-1035. [PMID: 37635312 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
|
46
|
Kovoor JG, Bacchi S, Stretton B, Gupta AK, Lam L, Jiang M, Lee S, To MS, Ovenden CD, Hewitt JN, Goh R, Gluck S, Reid JL, Hugh TJ, Dobbins C, Padbury RT, Hewett PJ, Trochsler MI, Flabouris A, Maddern GJ. Vital signs and medical emergency response (MER) activation predict in-hospital mortality in general surgery patients: a study of 15 969 admissions. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:2426-2432. [PMID: 37574649 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The applicability of the vital signs prompting medical emergency response (MER) activation has not previously been examined specifically in a large general surgical cohort. This study aimed to characterize the distribution, and predictive performance, of four vital signs selected based on Australian guidelines (oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and heart rate); with those of the MER activation criteria. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients admitted under general surgical services of two hospitals in South Australia over 2 years. Likelihood ratios for patients meeting MER activation criteria, or a vital sign in the most extreme 1% for general surgery inpatients (<0.5th percentile or > 99.5th percentile), were calculated to predict in-hospital mortality. RESULTS 15 969 inpatient admissions were included comprising 2 254 617 total vital sign observations. The 0.5th and 99.5th centile for heart rate was 48 and 133, systolic blood pressure 85 and 184, respiratory rate 10 and 31, and oxygen saturations 89% and 100%, respectively. MER activation criteria with the highest positive likelihood ratio for in-hospital mortality were heart rate ≤ 39 (37.65, 95% CI 27.71-49.51), respiratory rate ≥ 31 (15.79, 95% CI 12.82-19.07), and respiratory rate ≤ 7 (10.53, 95% CI 6.79-14.84). These MER activation criteria likelihood ratios were similar to those derived when applying a threshold of the most extreme 1% of vital signs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that vital signs within Australian guidelines, and escalation to MER activation, appropriately predict in-hospital mortality in a large cohort of patients admitted to general surgical services in South Australia.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kovoor JG, Bacchi S, Gupta AK, Stretton B, Malycha J, Reddi BA, Liew D, O'Callaghan PG, Beltrame JF, Zannettino AC, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Dobbins C, Hewett PJ, Trochsler MI, Maddern GJ. The Adelaide Score: An artificial intelligence measure of readiness for discharge after general surgery. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:2119-2124. [PMID: 37264548 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the performance of machine learning algorithms for the prediction of discharge within 12 and 24 h to produce a measure of readiness for discharge after general surgery. METHODS Consecutive general surgery patients at two tertiary hospitals, over a 2-year period, were included. Observation and laboratory parameter data were stratified into training, testing and validation datasets. Random forest, XGBoost and logistic regression models were evaluated. Each ward round note time was taken as a different event. Primary outcome was classification accuracy of the algorithmic model able to predict discharge within the next 12 h on the validation data set. RESULTS 42 572 ward round note timings were included from 8826 general surgery patients. Discharge occurred within 12 h for 8800 times (20.7%), and within 24 h for 9885 (23.2%). For predicting discharge within 12 h, model classification accuracies for derivation and validation data sets were: 0.84 and 0.85 random forest, 0.84 and 0.83 XGBoost, 0.80 and 0.81 logistic regression. For predicting discharge within 24 h, model classification accuracies for derivation and validation data sets were: 0.83 and 0.84 random forest, 0.82 and 0.81 XGBoost, 0.78 and 0.79 logistic regression. Algorithms generated a continuous number between 0 and 1 (or 0 and 100), representing readiness for discharge after general surgery. CONCLUSIONS A derived artificial intelligence measure (the Adelaide Score) successfully predicts discharge within the next 12 and 24 h in general surgery patients. This may be useful for both treating teams and allied health staff within surgical systems.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kovoor JG, Bacchi S, Gupta AK, Stretton B, Page GJ, Kovoor P. Refining Automated External Defibrillator Signage to Improve Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:e51-e52. [PMID: 37673552 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
|
49
|
Gowda A, Bacchi S, Kovoor JG, Gupta AK, Maddern GJ, Chan WO. Should research success be predicted amongst medical students and junior doctors? ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:1742-1743. [PMID: 37565636 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
|
50
|
Jolly S, Chu MKW, Gupta AK, Mitchell J, Kovoor JG, Stewart SK, Babidge WJ, Chan JCY, Trochsler MI, Maddern GJ. Potentially avoidable mortality after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in Australia: an 8-year qualitative analysis. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:1825-1832. [PMID: 37209092 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a commonly performed procedure worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine cases of mortality after ERCP to identify clinical incidents that are potentially preventable, to improve patient safety. METHODS The Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality provides an independent and externally peer-reviewed audit of surgical mortality pertaining to potentially avoidable issues. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data within this database was performed for the 8-year audit period from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2016. Clinical incidents were identified by assessors through first- or second-line review, and thematically coded into periprocedural stages. These themes were then qualitatively analysed. RESULTS There were 58 potentially avoidable deaths following ERCP, with 85 clinical incidents. Preprocedural incidents were most common (n = 37), followed by postprocedural (n = 32) and then intraprocedural (n = 8). Communication issues occurred across the periprocedural period (n = 8). Preprocedural incidents included delay to procedure, inadequate resuscitative management, decision to perform procedure and inadequate assessment. Intraprocedural incidents comprised technical factors and inadequate support. Postprocedural incidents involved inappropriate treatment, delay in definitive surgical treatment or in recognizing complications, inappropriate second-line intervention and inadequate assessment. Communication incidents comprised inadequate documentation, failure to escalate care and poor inter-clinician communication. CONCLUSION Causes of mortality following ERCP are wide-ranging, and reviewing clinical incidents associated with potentially avoidable mortality can serve to inform and educate practitioners. In collating a subset of cases in which procedure-related mortality was deemed avoidable, a series of cautionary tales about ERCP is presented that may provide cues to practitioners on improving patient safety and inform future surgical practice.
Collapse
|