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Ali AM, Loeffler MD, Aylin P, Bottle A. Factors Associated With 30-Day Readmission After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Analysis of 514 455 Procedures in the UK National Health Service. JAMA Surg 2017; 152:e173949. [PMID: 28979994 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Importance Thirty-day readmission to hospital after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has significant direct costs and is used as a marker of hospital performance. All-cause readmission is the only metric in current use, and risk factors for surgical readmission and those resulting in return to theater (RTT) are poorly understood. Objective To determine whether patient-related predictors of all-cause, surgical, and RTT readmission after THA differ and which predictors are most significant. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of all primary THAs recorded in the National Health Service (NHS) Hospital Episode Statistics database from 2006 to 2015. The effect of patient-related factors on 30-day readmission risk was evaluated by multilevel logistic regression analysis. The analysis comprised all acute NHS hospitals in England and all patients receiving primary THA. Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day readmission rate for all-cause, surgical (defined using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision primary admission diagnoses), and readmissions resulting in RTT. Results Across all hospitals, 514 455 procedures were recorded. Seventy-nine percent of patients were older than 60 years, 40.3% were men, and 59.7% were women. There were 30 489 all-cause readmissions (5.9%), 16 499 surgical readmissions (3.2%), and 4286 RTT readmissions (0.8%); 54.1% of readmissions were for surgical causes. Comorbidities with the highest odds ratios (ORs) of RTT included those likely to affect patient behavior: drug abuse (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.34-3.67; P = .002), psychoses (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.16-2.87; P = .009), dementia (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11-2.22; P = .01), and depression (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.31-1.76; P < .001). Obesity had a strong independent association with RTT (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 4.45-6.43; P < .001), with one of the highest population attributable fractions of the comorbidities (3.4%). Return to theater in the index episode was associated with a significantly increased risk of RTT readmission (OR, 5.35; 95% CI, 4.45-6.43; P < .001). Emergency readmission to the hospital in the preceding 12 months increased the risk of readmission significantly, with the association being most pronounced for all-cause readmission (for >2 emergency readmissions, OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.11-2.57; P < .001). Hip resurfacing was associated with a lower risk of RTT when compared with cemented implants (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.88; P = .002) but for other types of readmission, implant type had no significant association with readmission risk. Increasing age and length of stay were strongly associated with all-cause readmission. Conclusions and Relevance Many patient-related risk factors for surgical and RTT readmission differ from those for all-cause readmission despite the latter being the only measure in widespread use. Clinicians and policy makers should consider these alternative readmission metrics in strategies for risk reduction and cost savings.
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Sokkar TZN, El-Farhaty KA, El-Bakary MA, Ali AM, Ahmed AA. The effect of short heat treatment on different properties of PET fiber using double beam interference microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 81:283-291. [PMID: 29193422 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pluta microscope used to throw light on the effect of heat treatment time on the different properties of poly (ethylene terephthalate) PET fibers. PET fibers were annealed at times ranged from 5 to 30 min at different temperatures (150, 170, 190, 210°C) using two different processes (fast cooling and slow cooling processes) in air. The refractive indices, the shrinkage, orientation factor and crystallinity of PET fibers were determined for different annealing temperature during the short time treatment. The shrinkage percentage and degree of crystallinity increased with increasing the temperature and time of annealing. Microinterferograms are given for illustration.
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Ali AM, Newman SDS, Hooper PA, Davies CM, Cobb JP. The effect of implant position on bone strain following lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Model Using Digital Image Correlation. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:522-529. [PMID: 28855192 PMCID: PMC5579314 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.68.bjr-2017-0067.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a demanding procedure, with tibial component subsidence or pain from high tibial strain being potential causes of revision. The optimal position in terms of load transfer has not been documented for lateral UKA. Our aim was to determine the effect of tibial component position on proximal tibial strain. Methods A total of 16 composite tibias were implanted with an Oxford Domed Lateral Partial Knee implant using cutting guides to define tibial slope and resection depth. Four implant positions were assessed: standard (5° posterior slope); 10° posterior slope; 5° reverse tibial slope; and 4 mm increased tibial resection. Using an electrodynamic axial-torsional materials testing machine (Instron 5565), a compressive load of 1.5 kN was applied at 60 N/s on a meniscal bearing via a matching femoral component. Tibial strain beneath the implant was measured using a calibrated Digital Image Correlation system. Results A 5° increase in tibial component posterior slope resulted in a 53% increase in mean major principal strain in the posterior tibial zone adjacent to the implant (p = 0.003). The highest strains for all implant positions were recorded in the anterior cortex 2 cm to 3 cm distal to the implant. Posteriorly, strain tended to decrease with increasing distance from the implant. Lateral cortical strain showed no significant relationship with implant position. Conclusion Relatively small changes in implant position and orientation may significantly affect tibial cortical strain. Avoidance of excessive posterior tibial slope may be advisable during lateral UKA. Cite this article: A. M. Ali, S. D. S. Newman, P. A. Hooper, C. M. Davies, J. P. Cobb. The effect of implant position on bone strain following lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Model Using Digital Image Correlation. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:522–529. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.68.BJR-2017-0067.R1.
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Ali AM. Use of a Composite Metric to Assess Hospital Performance after Hip Fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:663. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ali AM. Engaging doctors in management: the need to start early. BMJ 2017; 356:j1005. [PMID: 28235821 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ali AM, Gibbons CER. Predictors of 30-day hospital readmission after hip fracture: a systematic review. Injury 2017; 48:243-252. [PMID: 28063674 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early readmission to hospital after hip fracture is associated with increased mortality and significant costs to the healthcare system. There is growing interest in the use of 30-day readmission rates as a metric of hospital performance. Identifying patients at increased risk of readmission after hip fracture may enable pre-emptive action to mitigate this risk and the development of effective methods of risk-adjustment to allow readmission to be used as a reliable measure of hospital performance. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of bibliographic databases and reference lists up to July 2016 to identify primary research papers assessing the effect of patient- and hospital-related risk factors for 30-day readmission to hospital after hip fracture. RESULTS 495 papers were found through electronic and reference search. 65 full papers were assessed for eligibility. 22 met inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Medical causes of readmission were significantly more common than surgical causes, with pneumonia consistently being cited as the most common readmission diagnosis. Age, pre-existing pulmonary disease and neurological disorders were strong independent predictors of readmission. ASA grade and functional status were more robust predictors of readmission than the Charlson score or individual co-morbidities. Hospital-related risk factors including initial length of stay, hospital size and volume, time to surgery and type of anaesthesia did not have a consistent effect on readmission risk. Discharge location and the strength of hospital-discharge facility linkage were important determinants of risk. CONCLUSIONS Patient-related risk factors such as age, co-morbidities and functional status are stronger predictors of 30-day readmission risk after hip fracture than hospital-related factors. Rates of 30-day readmission may not be a valid reflection of hospital performance unless a clear distinction can be made between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. We identify a number of deficiencies in the existing literature and highlight key areas for future research.
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Nickelsen MN, Snoer A, Ali AM, Wienecke T. Semi-automatic software based detection of atrial fibrillation in acute ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Eur J Neurol 2016; 24:322-325. [PMID: 27928866 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is often asymptomatic and increases the risk of ischaemic stroke. Detection of PAF is challenging but crucial because a change of treatment decreases the risk of ischaemic stroke. Post-stroke investigations recommend at least 24-h continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring. Extended monitoring detects more PAF but is limited by costs due to manual analysis. Interpretive software might be a reasonable screening tool. The aim was to validate the performance and utility of Pathfinder SL software compared to manual analysis. METHODS In all, 135 ischaemic stroke patients with no prior history of PAF or atrial fibrillation and who had done a 7-day continuous electrocardiogram monitoring (Holter) were included. Manual analysis was compared with Pathfinder SL software including a systematic control of registered events. RESULTS Seventeen (12.6%) patients were diagnosed with PAF (atrial fibrillation > 30 s). Pathfinder SL software including a systematic control of events registered 16 (94.1%) patients with PAF. Manually 15 (88.2%) patients were detected with PAF. Pathfinder SL had a negative predictive value of 99% and sensitivity of 94%. CONCLUSIONS Pathfinder SL software including a systematic evaluation of events is an acceptable alternative compared to manual analysis in PAF detection following ischaemic stroke. It is less time consuming and therefore a reliable, cheaper alternative compared to manual analysis.
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Ali AM, DiPersio JF, Schroeder MA. A proposed biology- and biomarker-based algorithm for management of acute GvHD. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:337-340. [PMID: 27869807 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Garg N, Bakhshinyan D, Venugopal C, Mahendram S, Rosa DA, Vijayakumar T, Manoranjan B, Hallett R, McFarlane N, Delaney KH, Kwiecien JM, Arpin CC, Lai PS, Gómez-Biagi RF, Ali AM, de Araujo ED, Ajani OA, Hassell JA, Gunning PT, Singh SK. CD133 + brain tumor-initiating cells are dependent on STAT3 signaling to drive medulloblastoma recurrence. Oncogene 2016; 36:606-617. [PMID: 27775079 PMCID: PMC5541269 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant paediatric brain tumor, is currently treated using a combination of surgery, craniospinal radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Owing to MB stem cells (MBSCs), a subset of MB patients remains untreatable despite standard therapy. CD133 is used to identify MBSCs although its functional role in tumorigenesis has yet to be determined. In this work, we showed enrichment of CD133 in Group 3 MB is associated with increased rate of metastasis and poor clinical outcome. The signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) pathway are selectively activated in CD133+ MBSCs and promote tumorigenesis through regulation of c-MYC, a key genetic driver of Group 3 MB. We screened compound libraries for STAT3 inhibitors and treatment with the selected STAT3 inhibitors resulted in tumor size reduction in vivo. We propose that inhibition of STAT3 signaling in MBSCs may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to treat patients with recurrent MB.
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Ali AM, El-Sayed MI. Metronomic chemotherapy and radiotherapy as salvage treatment in refractory or relapsed pediatric solid tumours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:e253-9. [PMID: 27330362 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metronomic chemotherapy (mctx) combined with radiation therapy (rt) is an emerging anticancer strategy. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of mctx combined with rt as salvage treatment in children with refractory or relapsed solid malignancies. METHODS This prospective study enrolled patients with refractory or relapsed pediatric solid tumours from January 2013 to January 2015. Treatment consisted of 3-12 courses of mctx in all patients, followed by rt in patients who experienced local recurrence, distant metastases, or both. Each course of mctx consisted of oral celecoxib 100-400 mg twice daily (days 1-42), intravenous vinblastine 3 mg/m(2) weekly (weeks 1-6), oral cyclophosphamide 2.5 mg/m(2) daily (days 1-21), and oral methotrexate 15 mg/m(2) twice weekly (days 21-42). Statistical methods used were the log-rank test and binary logistic regression. RESULTS A favourable disease response (partial response or stable disease) was seen in 49 of 64 patients (76.6%), with mild acute toxicity occurring in 41 (64%). After a median follow-up of 14 months, 1-year overall survival was 62%. Pattern of disease relapse (p < 0.0001), time from initial treatment to relapse (p = 0.0002), and response to treatment (p < 0.0001) significantly affected survival. Age was the only factor that significantly correlated with treatment toxicity (p = 0.002; hazard ratio: 3.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.53 to 7.35). CONCLUSIONS Combining mctx with rt resulted in a favourable response rate, minimal toxicity, and 62% 1-year overall survival in patients with heavily pretreated recurrent disease. Patients with localized late recurrence or disease progression are the most likely to benefit from this regimen.
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Ali AM, Pandit H, Liddle AD, Jenkins C, Mellon S, Dodd CAF, Murray DW. Does activity affect the outcome of the Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement? Knee 2016; 23:327-30. [PMID: 26758852 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of activity are considered to be a contraindication to unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) and are not recommended after UKR. To determine if these recommendations should apply to the mobile-bearing Oxford UKR, this study assessed the effect of post-operative activity level on the outcome of this device. METHODS The outcome of the first 1000 Phase 3 cemented Oxford UKRs implanted between 1998 and 2010 was assessed using survival analysis, the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and the American Knee Society Objective (KSS-O) and Functional (KSS-F) Scores. Patients were grouped according to the maximum post-operative Tegner Activity Score. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 6.1 years (range 1 to 14). Overall, increasing activity was associated with superior survival (p=0.025). In the high activity group, with Tegner≥5 (n=115) 2.6% were revised and the 12-year survival was 97.3% (confidence interval (CI): 92.0% to 99.1%). In the low activity group, with Tegner≤4, (n=885) 4.3% were revised and the 12-year survival was 94.0% (CI: 91.4 to 95.8). The difference between the two groups was not significant (p=0.44). Although the final OKS and KSS-F were significantly better in the high activity group compared to the low activity group (OKS 45v40, KSS-F 95v78), there was no difference in the change in OKS or KSS-O. CONCLUSIONS High activity does not compromise the outcome of the Oxford UKR and may improve it. Activity should not be restricted nor considered to be a contraindication.
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Meawed TE, Mansour MA, Mansour SA, Mohamed ML, Ibrahim EM, Ali AM. Functional and prognostic relevance of -173 G/C gene polymorphism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in sepsis patients in Egyptian intensive care units. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL 2015; 21:762-9. [PMID: 26750167 DOI: 10.26719/2015.21.10.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association of plasma MIF level and -173 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism of the MIF gene with the occurrence, severity and mortality of sepsis patients. A study was conducted in adult surgical intensive care units of Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt on 25 patients with sepsis, 27 with severe sepsis and 28 controls. Gram-negative bacilli were the most common isolates in both severe sepsis (63.0%) and sepsis (56.0%) patients. A highly statistically significant difference was found in MIF levels between sepsis cases and controls and a statistically significant difference as regards MIF level in different genotypes of the studied groups. MIF level was significantly associated with mortality in sepsis cases. High MIF levels and MIF -173G/C gene polymorphism are powerful predictors of the severity of sepsis and its outcome.
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Ali AM, McMaster JM, Noyes D, Brent AJ, Cogswell LK. Experience of managing open fractures of the lower limb at a major trauma centre. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2015; 97:287-90. [PMID: 26263937 DOI: 10.1308/003588415x14181254789367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In April 2012 the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford became a major trauma centre (MTC). The British Orthopaedic Association and British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons joint standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb (BOAST 4) require system-wide changes in referral practice that may be facilitated by the MTC and its associated major trauma network. METHODS From 2008 to 2013 a multistep audit of compliance with BOAST 4 was conducted to assess referral patterns, timing of surgery and outcomes (surgical site infection rates), to determine changes following local intervention and the establishment of the MTC. RESULTS Over the study period, 50 patients had soft tissue cover for an open lower limb fracture and there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients receiving definitive fixation in our centre (p=0.036). The median time from injury to soft tissue cover fell from 6.0 days to 3.5 days (p=0.051) and the median time from definitive fixation to soft tissue cover fell from 5.0 days to 2.0 days (p=0.003). The deep infection rate fell from 27% to 8% (p=0.247). However, in 2013 many patients still experienced a delay of >72 hours between injury and soft tissue cover, primarily owing to a lack of capacity for providing soft tissue cover. CONCLUSIONS Our experience may be relevant to other MTCs seeking to identify barriers to optimising the management of patients with these injuries.
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Kumar A, Ali AM, Woolley GA. Photo-control of DNA binding by an engrailed homeodomain-photoactive yellow protein hybrid. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26204102 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photo-controlled version of the engrailed homeodomain (zENG) was created by inserting the homeodomain into a surface loop of a circularly permuted version of the photoactive yellow protein (cPYP). The two proteins fold independently as judged by NMR and fluorescence denaturation measurements. In the dark, the affinity of the zENG domain for its cognate DNA is inhibited >100-fold compared to wild-type zENG. Blue-light irradiation of the hybrid protein leads to enhanced conformational dynamics of the cPYP portion and a two-fold enhancement of the DNA binding affinity of the zENG domain. These results suggest that insertion into a surface loop of cPYP can be a general approach for conferring an initial level of photo-control on a given target protein. Focussed mutation/selection strategies may then be used to enhance the degree of photo-control.
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Ali AM, Willett K. What is the effect of the weather on trauma workload? A systematic review of the literature. Injury 2015; 46:945-53. [PMID: 25816705 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital admission rates for a number of conditions have been linked to variations in the weather. It is well established that trauma workload displays significant seasonal variation. A reliable predictive model might enable targeting of high-risk groups for intervention and planning of hospital staff levels. To our knowledge there have been no systematic reviews of the literature on the relationship between weather and trauma workload, and predictive models have thus far been informed by the results of single studies. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of bibliographic databases and reference lists up to June 2014 to identify primary research papers assessing the effect of specified weather conditions including temperature, rainfall, snow, fog, hail, humidity and wind speed on trauma workload, defined as admission to hospital, fracture or a Road Traffic Accident (RTA) resulting in a seriously injured casualty or fatality. RESULTS 11,083 papers were found through electronic and reference search. 83 full papers were assessed for eligibility. 28 met inclusion criteria and were included in the final review; 6 of these related to the effect of the weather on trauma admissions, one to ambulance call out for trauma, 13 to fracture rate and 8 to RTAs. Increased temperature is positively correlated with trauma admissions. The rate of distal radius fractures is more sensitive to adverse weather than the rate of hip fractures. Paediatric trauma, both in respect of trauma admissions and fracture rate, is more sensitive to the weather than adult trauma. Adverse weather influences both RTA frequency and severity, but the nature of the relationship is dependent upon the timecourse of the weather event and the population studied. Important methodological differences between studies limit the value of the existing literature in building consensus for a generalisable predictive model. CONCLUSIONS Weather conditions may have a substantial effect on trauma workload independent of the effects of seasonal variation; the population studied and timecourse of weather events appear critical in determining this relationship. Methodological differences between studies limit the validity of conclusions drawn from analysis of the literature, and we identify a number of areas that future research might address.
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is an ever-increasing drive to improve surgical patient outcomes. Given the benefits which robotics has bestowed upon a wide range of industries, from vehicle manufacturing to space exploration, robots have been highlighted by many as essential for continued improvements in surgery. OBJECTIVE The goal of this review is to outline the history of robotic surgery, and detail the key studies which have investigated its effects on surgical outcomes. Issues of cost-effectiveness and patient acceptability will also be discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Robotic surgery has been shown to shorten hospital stays, decrease complication rates and allow surgeons to perform finer tasks, when compared to the traditional laparoscopic and open approaches. These benefits, however, must be balanced against increased intraoperative times, vast financial costs and the increased training burden associated with robotic techniques. The outcome of such a cost-benefit analysis appears to vary depending on the procedure being conducted; indeed the strongest evidence in favour of its use comes from the fields of urology and gynaecology. It is hoped that with the large-scale, randomised, prospective clinical trials underway, and an ever-expanding research base, many of the outstanding questions surrounding robotic surgery will be answered in the near future.
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Ali AM, Maya E, Lakhoo K. Challenges in managing paediatric osteomyelitis in the developing world: analysis of cases presenting to a tertiary referral centre in Tanzania. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2014; 11:308-11. [PMID: 25323179 DOI: 10.4103/0189-6725.143136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature on paediatric osteomyelitis in the developing world is scarce, and there have been calls for further characterisation of its epidemiology and the identification of factors that limit effective management in order to guide local service delivery. Our centre is a hospital serving a population of 11 million people in Tanzania. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified patients <18 years admitted between 1 st January 2008 and 31 st December 2010 with a diagnosis of osteomyelitis through a search of admission logbooks. Patient notes were reviewed for information regarding the nature of the presentation, treatment given and outcome, with the primary outcome measure being recurrence of infection at follow-up. RESULTS A total of 63 patients were identified, notes available for 55: 40 males and 15 females, mean age of 11 years. The most common sites were the tibia and femur with other sites including the skull, humerus and foot. At presentation, 8 cases were categorised as acute, 5 as acute with X-ray changes, 40 as chronic localised and 2 as chronic systemic.A total of 11 patients were treated with antibiotics only, 11 with incision and drainage and 30 with surgical debridement. Bacterial cultures were available in 11 cases. all Staphylococcus aureus tested were gentamicin-sensitive, but at least one patient had S. aureus resistant to cloxacillin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline or a combination of these. Of 29 patients attending follow-up, 20 made a full recovery and 9 developed recurrence of infection. Eight out of nine with recurrence had time from symptom onset to presentation of >3 months. Twelve out of 13 with a time from symptom onset to presentation of <2 months did not develop recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This is, to the best of our knowledge, the second largest study of paediatric osteomyelitis in the developing world. Major challenges facing this centre include a lack of availability of bacterial cultures and failure to attend follow-up. Delayed presentation of osteomyelitis to our centre is associated with recurrence of infection.
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Ali AM, Seddiek SA, Khater HF. Effect of butyrate, clopidol and their combination on the performance of broilers infected with Eimeria maxima. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:474-82. [PMID: 25207431 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.920488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of butyric acid glycerides (BAGs) with and without clopidol (CLP) on Eimeria maxima on growth and associated biochemical variables was investigated in broiler chickens. 2. One-day-old chicks were divided into 6 equal groups (Gps) of 30 chicks each; each group was subdivided into 6 equal subgroups. Gp 1 was not infected and not treated. Chicks in Gp 2 were not infected and fed on a ration mixed with 4 g BAGs/kg for 6 successive weeks. Chicks of the other groups were directly inoculated intra-crop with 1 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts of E. maxima at 14 d of age. Gp 3 was infected and not treated. Chicks in the remaining three groups were given diets mixed with the tested drugs for 6 successive weeks. Gp 4 was fed on a diet mixed with CLP (125 g/kg). Gp 5 was given a diet mixed with BAGs (4 g/kg diet). Gp 6 was fed on a diet mixed with both BAGs (4 g/kg diet) and CLP (125 g/kg). 3. Birds in Gps 5 and 6 showed a reduction in the mean oocyst count, lesion scores and developmental stages in the lamina propria and improved growth and biochemical variables. BAG supplementation enhanced growth and production of healthy broilers. 4. It was concluded that BAGs were a useful supplement in broiler diets as an alternative to growth promoters and antimicrobial drugs.
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Thariat J, Clément-Colmou K, Vogin G, Beckendorf V, Ducassou A, Ali AM, Salas S, Saada E, Thyss A, Lapeyre M, Isambert N. [Radiation therapy of cardiac sarcomas]. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:125-31. [PMID: 24637021 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary cardiac sarcomas represent less than 10 yearly cases in France. Their median survival is approximately 18 months. The treatment consists of surgery when possible. The role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is controversial, especially with respect to limiting cardiac radiation dose that is theoretically incompatible with the requirement of a tumoricidal dose for sarcoma. A recent series of 124 cases of the French Sarcoma Group suggested a benefit of radiation therapy on progression-free survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS The dosimetric data of 12 patients were analyzed. RESULTS There was variety in radiotherapy modalities and definition of target volumes, doses and techniques are evolving more conformal plans. Irradiation appeared feasible with conventional fractionation with respect to toxicities (although probably underestimated due to short follow-up and dismal prognosis) and previously demonstrated benefit of radiotherapy for primitive cardiac sarcomas. CONCLUSION A scheme of 45Gy in 1.8Gy per fraction to a preoperative volume with an additional dose of 14Gy in 7 fractions on areas at risk or residual disease and margins 1cm, may be proposed based on the preliminary data of this study. Intensity modulated radiotherapy with daily cone-beam CT-scanner should be evaluated.
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Penfold RS, Ali MA, Ali AM, Patel I, MacGregor T, Shankar S, Cahill TJ, Finlayson AE, Mahmud I. Evaluation of the first year of the Oxpal Medlink: A web-based partnership designed to address specific challenges facing medical education in the occupied Palestinian territories. JRSM Open 2014; 5:2042533313517692. [PMID: 25057373 PMCID: PMC4012652 DOI: 10.1177/2042533313517692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To (1) evaluate educational needs of clinical students at Al-Quds University Medical School in the West Bank; (2) address these needs where possible using synchronous distance learning, with clinicians in Oxford providing case-based tutorials to undergraduates in the West Bank via an online platform (WizIQ) and (3) assess the impact of this education. Design Review of online OxPal Medlink database for tutorials held between March 2012 and April 2013. Needs assessment and evaluation of student and tutor experiences through online questionnaires, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Setting Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK, and Al-Quds University Medical School, Abu Dies, Palestine. Participants Doctors at Oxford University Hospitals and fourth-, fifth- and sixth-year medical students and faculty members at Al-Quds Medical School. Main outcome measures Number of tutorials, student participation, student-rated satisfaction and qualitative feedback from tutors and students. Results Students demonstrated strong theoretical knowledge but struggled to apply this in presentation-based scenarios. Between March 2012 and April 2013, 90 tutorials were delivered to 60 students. Feedback: >95% respondents rated tutorials as ‘Excellent’ or ‘Good’ and ‘Very’ or ‘Fairly’ relevant to their future practice in Palestine. Students reported the programme had modified their approach to patients but requested better synchronization with concurrent attachments and clarification of learning outcomes. Conclusions OxPal Medlink is a novel, web-based distance-learning partnership designed to overcome some of the challenges to local medical education in the occupied Palestinian territories. Evaluation of the first year indicates teaching is relevant to local practice and of high quality. This approach may have the potential to strengthen local capacity for medical education.
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Abstract
This article gives a practical guide for the management of open lower limb fractures. It outlines the referral criteria and pathway for definitive care in a specialist centre, the initial management steps that should be taken in the emergency department, and the principles of fixation, soft tissue coverage and antibiotic therapy.
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Ali AM, Handuleh J, Patel P, Whitwell S, Harris K, Ali FR, Southgate RJ, Godman B, Al-Hadithy N, Gustafsson LL, Finlayson AET. The most fragile state: healthcare in Somalia. Med Confl Surviv 2014; 30:28-36. [PMID: 24684021 DOI: 10.1080/13623699.2014.874085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Kapitonova MY, Salim N, Othman S, Muhd Kamauzaman TMHT, Ali AM, Nawawi HM, Froemming GRA. Alteration of cell cytoskeleton and functions of cell recovery of normal human osteoblast cells caused by factors associated with real space flight. THE MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 35:153-163. [PMID: 24362479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Experiments involving short-term space flight have shown an adverse effect on the physiology, morphology and functions of cells investigated. The causes for this effect on cells are: microgravity, temperature fluctuations, mechanical stress, hypergravity, nutrient restriction and others. However, the extent to which these adverse effects can be repaired by short-term space flown cells when recultured in conditions of normal gravity remains unclear. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term spaceflight on cytoskeleton distribution and recovery of cell functions of normal human osteoblast cells. The ultrastructure was evaluated using ESEM. Fluorescent staining was done using Hoechst, Mito Tracker CMXRos and Tubulin Tracker Green for cytoskeleton. Gene expression of cell functions was quantified using qPCR. As a result, recovered cells did not show any apoptotic markers when compared with control. Tubulin volume density (p<0.001) was decreased significantly when compared to control, while mitochondria volume density was insignificantly elevated. Gene expression for IL-6 (p<0.05) and sVCAM-1 (p<0.001) was significantly decreased while alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001), osteocalcin and sICAM (p<0.05) were significantly increased in the recovered cells compared to the control ones. The changes in gene and protein expression of collagen 1A, osteonectin, osteoprotegerin and beta-actin, caused by short-term spaceflight, were statistically not significant. These data indicate that short term space flight causes morphological changes in osteoblast cells which are consistent with hypertrophy, reduced cell differentiation and increased release of monocyte attracting proteins. The long-term effect of these changes on bone density and remodeling requires more detailed studies.
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Muid S, Froemming GRA, Ali AM, Nawawi H. Interleukin-6 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression remains elevated in revived live endothelial cells following spaceflight. THE MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 35:165-176. [PMID: 24362480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of spaceflight on cardiovascular health are not necessarily seen immediately after astronauts have returned but can be delayed. It is important to investigate the long term effects of spaceflight on protein and gene expression of inflammation and endothelial activation as a predictor for the development of atherosclerosis and potential cardiovascular problems. The objectives of this study were to investigate the (a) protein and gene expression of inflammation and endothelial activation, (b) expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) 3 months post-space flight travel compared to ground controls. HUVEC cultured on microcarriers in fluid processing apparatus were flown to the International Space Station (ISS) by the Soyuz TMA-11 rocket. After landing, the cells were detached from microcarriers and recultured in T-25 cm(2) culture flasks (Revived HUVEC). Soluble protein expression of IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and e-selectin were measured by ELISA. Gene expression of these markers and in addition NFκB, STAT-3 and eNOS were measured. Spaceflight induced IL-6 and ICAM-1 remain elevated even after 3 months post spaceflight travel and this is mediated via STAT-3 pathway. The downregulation of eNOS expression in revived HUVEC cells suggests a reduced protection of the cells and the surrounding vessels against future insults that may lead to atherosclerosis. It would be crucial to explore preventive measures, in relation to atherosclerosis and its related complications.
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Zuhaida AA, Ali AM, Tamilselvan S, Alitheen NB, Hamid M, Noor AM, Yeap SK. Construction of single-chain variable fragment antibodies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:5547-59. [PMID: 24301925 DOI: 10.4238/2013.november.18.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A phage display library of single chain variable fragment (scFv) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells was constructed from C3A8 hybridoma cells. RNA from the C3A8 was isolated, cDNA was constructed, and variable heavy and light immunoglobulin chain gene region were amplified using PCR. The variable heavy and light chain gene regions were combined with flexible linker, linked to a pCANTAB 5E phagemid vector and electrophoresed into supE strain of Escherichia coli TG1 cells. Forty-eight clones demonstrated positive binding activity to MCF-7 breast cancer cell membrane fragments and the strongest of 48 clones was selected for analysis. The anti-MCF-7 library evaluated by SfiI and NotI digests demonstrated that anti-MCF-7 scFv antibodies possess individual patterns that should be able to recognize distinct human breast cancer cells. The C3A8 scFv, with an apparent molecular weight of 32 kDa, showed high homology (99%) with single chain antibody against rice stripe virus protein P20. In summary, the anti MCF-7 scFv antibody can be used for pretargeting breast cancer for clinical diagnosis of patients; it also has potential for therapeutic applications.
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