[The effectiveness of a comprehensive program of physiotherapy in shoulder pain syndromes]

INTRODUCTION

Periarthritis humeroscapularis (PHS) is a disease notable for serious therapeutic problems arising from lesions in various tissue structures. The shoulder is the most important biokinematic element in the upper extremity. For this reason, physiotherapy continues to search for an ideal form of rehabilitation. Treatment of PHS is long and difficult. The correct diagnosis combined with physiotherapy can reduce the suffering of the patient and shorten the duration of the disease. Thus, the restoration of physical activity can be expedited. We decided to assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive program of physiotherapy in shoulder pain syndromes. The study was done at the Rehabilitation Unit of the Stabłowice Clinic of the Wroclaw Health Center. We enrolled 30 patients aged 30 to 85 years (mean age: 60 +/- 14 years) with pain and limited mobility of the shoulder diagnosed as PHS.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A questionnaire with 12 questions addressing the intensity and extent of shoulder pain was prepared. Shoulder joint mobility was determined with a goniometric method. In addition, an 11-grade Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 meant no pain and 10 the most severe pain, was adopted. All patients underwent a series of 10 physiotherapeutic procedures directed at the shoulder joint. Assessment was made before and after therapy.

RESULTS

A considerable reduction of pain was noted after physiotherapy and massage, while exercises significantly improved mobility, muscle status, and function of the upper extremity.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study has shown that the comprehensive program of physiotherapy carried out at the Rehabilitation Unit of the Stabłowice Clinic of the Wrocław Health Center is effective in treating patients with the shoulder pain syndrome.

[Contribution by Ksawery Wolfgang (-1864) to the development of Druskininkai]

We present the history of the spa of Druskininkai which was founded in 1837. The professional and scientific career of Ksawery Wolfgang (-1864), an eminent physician of this spa, is described in the context of his importance for the development of Druskininkai. Wolfgang was a respected person in Druskininkai. He was the editor-in-chief and publisher of the magazine "Ondyna Druskienickich Zródeł" ("Ondine of Druskininkai Springs") and the author of the book "On salt springs in Druskininkai" (Vilnius 1841), as well as of several other publications. The properties of Druskininkai salt springs and their therapeutic effects in many diseases are discussed. Wolfgang was able to establish indications and contraindications to treatment in Druskininkai. Mention is made of the book "Druskininkai. A literary and medical essay" by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski and Ksawery Wolfgang (Vilnius 1848).

[Izydor Nahumowicz (1800-1842) and his work on the salt springs of Druskininkai]

This article begins with a presentation of attractions of Druskininkai (formerly Druskieniki) in the first half of the 19th century. The life and scientific achievements of Izydor Nahumowicz (1800-1842), an eminent spa physician, are discussed. His treatise "Treatment with mineral waters in Druskininkai" (Grodno 1841) is presented in detail, as well as procedures preparing for treatment in Druskininkai with indications and contraindications for referring patients to this spa. Mention is made of the social life and entertainment in Druskininkai.

[Andrzej Franciszek Ksawery Dybek (1783-1826) and rhinolaryngology]

The professional and scientific activities of Andrzej Franciszek Ksawery Dybek (1783-1826), an eminent Varsovian physician, the military doctor, the professor of surgery of Warsaw Royal University, and the member of many scientific societies are presented with full particulars. The activity of Surgery Clinic of Warsaw Royal University is depicted widely. Dybek's successful treatment of rhinolaryngological diseases (such as traumas of cranium, syphilitic ulcerations of throat and face, polypus of nose, disease of maxillary sinus, cancer of lip) are presented in some more detail.

[Professor Wacław Kuśnierczyk (1908-1997)--Pro Memoria in the century of birthday]

Wacław Kuśnierczyk was born in 1908 in Sniatyń. He received the degree in medicine at Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów in 1932. He did his PhD degree under Professor Zaleski supervision in 1938 at Jan Kazimierz University. At that time he concentrated his scientific activity on research on tuberculosis. In 1953 he obtained the title of second degree specialist in ear, nose and throat diseases. He became a chief of Otolaryngology at Urban Hospital No 4 in Katowice in 1960. Since then this eminent physician was working on tumours located in upper respiratory tract and the possibility of its endoscopic diagnosis at Silesian Academy of Medicine in Katowice. As one of the first he pointed out the negative influence of smoking cigarettes on cancer of larynx. It was Wacław Kuśnierczyk who implemented new priorities for integrated programs in patient care, research, education and cancer prevention. He has published widely in peer reviewed journals and has edited or contributed to many books. He has given many major lectures and is the recipient of numerous prestigious awards for his scientific accomplishments. The achievement of Professor Kuśnierczyk were the valuable source of information for the physicians. In 1997, on the 31st of January he died in Katowice.

[The Józef Czekierski's (1777-1827) otorhinolaryngological connexions]

The professional and scientific activities of Józef Czekierski (1777-1827), an eminent Varsovian surgeon on the turn of the 18th century are described widely. He was the head of surgical and obstetricial departments in Warsaw. He was also the head of the first Surgical Clinic in Warsaw. In the four-part textbook "Surgery" published in 1817-1818 Czekierski presented surgical treatment of such otorhinolaryngoogical diseases as wounds of ear and tongue, traumas of nase, diseases of parotis, the foreign bodies at respiratory tract and at the upper part of alimentary canal with full particulars. He described such rhinolaryngological operations as plastic reconstruction of the nase, tracheotomy, conicotomy, oesophagotomy in some more detail.

[Julian Kosiński (1833-1914)--especially meritous surgeon for the development of otorynolaryngology. His achievements in therapy of diseases of larynx]

The achievements in surgical treatment of larynx diseases by Julian Kosiński (1833-1914), an eminent Warsaw surgeon, the head of Surgical Clinic in Main School and Warsaw Imperial University performed according to contemporary world-wide standards are presented in more detail. His successful surgical treatment such diseases as postinflammatory adhesions of larynx, diphtheria, syphilis of larynx, polyps of larynx and other are described in some more detail. The laryngectomy by Theodor Billroth in 1873 are described in short. The analysis the first laryngectomy in Polish territories performed by Julian Kosiński ("the tenth world laryngectomist") in 1877 is performed with full particulars. The surgical difficulties, the postoperating management are discussed. The reasons of failures of the laryngectomies in XIX century are analysed widely.

[The significance of Karol Gilewski (1832-1871) for the Polish laryngology]

The professional and scientific activities of Karol Gilewski (1832-1871), one of the famous Cracovian physicians, the professor of the Jagellonian University are described first of all. His treatise on laryngofissure and laryngeal polyps in 1865 is presented widely. This is a second scientific work in Polish medical literature on this subject. The cases of laryngeal scleroma and laryngeal and cutaneous syphilis are also described.

[Alfred Marcin Sokołowski and Władyslaw Matlakowski. Contribution to history of spa treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]

The professional, scientific and didactic careers of Alfred Marcin Sokołowski (1849-1924) and Władysław Matlakowski (1851-1895) are presented at the beginning. Sokołowski was an assistant and afterwards a deputy of the head of hospital department Herman Brehmer in health resort in Goerbersdorf. In 1880 Sokołowski organized the internal diseases ward and rhinolaryngological outpatient clinic at St. Spirit Hospital in Warsaw. Sokołowski published "Clinical lectures of diseases of respiratory tract" (1902-1906) and many scientific papers. He was a pioneer of Polish pulmonology, rhinolaryngology and spa treatment of respiratory tract diseases. He was a well-known social worker. Matlakowski, who was a surgeon of Surgical Clinic of Warsaw Emperor University and an assistant of Julian Kosiński specialized in abdominal surgery and gynaecologic surgery. While suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis he moved to Zakopane, where he became famous as an ethnographer, an author of two books: "Country architecture of the Tatra Highlands" and "Decoration and equipment of Polish people of the Tatra Highlands". He translated Shakespearian "Hamlet" into Polish. He was also a well-known philosopher and an ornithologist. The meeting of Sokołowski and Matlakowski in Goerbersdorf, and also their further acquaintance and friendship are described widely by the author. Their work at "Gazeta Lekarska" ("Medical Magazine's") editorial office, which was well-known in three sectors of partitioned Poland is presented with more details by the author. Finally the epitome of spa treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is presented. Sokołowski and Matlakowski were propagators of spa treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis; Sokołowski made Goerbersdorf famous, Matlakowski did the same for Zakopane.

[Przeglad Lekarski (Medial Review). The difficult years]

The progress of medical science with great difficulties in the Polish territories in the second half of 19th century is presented in short. The achievements of such Cracovian physicians as: Józef Dietl, Józef Oettinger, Antoni Bryk, Józef Majer, Fryderyk K. Skobel, Michał Zieleniewski is the creation of the Cracovian periodical "Przeglad Lekarski" ("Medical Review") is briefly pointed out. The critical observations of such Polish physicians as Józef C. Starkel, Józef Oettinger, Bolesław Placer, Adolf S. Friedberg in the 1860s of the 19th century were very helpful in the development of this medical magazine.

[Entertainment and social life in Druskienniki in the middle of the XIX century]

The geographical, climatic and epidemiological situation of Druskienniki, a health resort founded in 1837, has been mentioned at the beginning. The development of the health resort in the middle of the XIX century as well as a physician and chemist, Ignacy Fonberg's role (1801-1891), has been recounted. The physicians Ksawery Wolfgang (?-1864), Jan Pilecki (1821-1878) and Walery Bujakowski (1857-1919) and local rich gentry played an important role in the development of Druskienniki. The physician was the most esteemed personage of this health resort. The medical indications and contraindications in Druskienniki have been reported. Many diseases were treated in this health resort. The scale of medical indications was wide. The guests list in Druskienniki in 1845 is mentioned. The curative season persisted from May until October. "The letters from Druskieniki to friend" published in 1844-1845 in the magazine "Ondyna Druskienickich Zródeł" contained interested descriptions of social life and entertainments in this health resort. The balls, teas, theatrical spectacles, concerts and other attractions were analyzed widely. Theatrical spectacles with the participation of talented performers especially from Vilnius and Grodno were very attractive.

[Benni, Babiński, Bouchard, Charcot. Their contribution to the development of XIX-century Polish and French medical relations]

The professional and scientific achievements of four physicians: Józef F. Babiński (1857-1932), French clinician, neurologist of Polish origin, Karol Benni (1843-1916), one of the first Varsovian otiatrist and social activist, Charles Jacques Bouchard (1837-1915), French physician and bacteriologist and Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893), one of the best XIX-century physicians have been presented in brief. Their personal, professional and scientific connections based on authority materials are presented in more detail. The letter from Charcot to Benni is presented.

[What Edmund Modrzejewski (1849-1893) contributed to the Polish otiatrics?]

The professional and scientific activities in the area of otiatrics of Edmund Modrzejewski (1849-1893) are presented. Modrzejewski's education in otology in Vienna and other places is strongly pointed out. His achievements in the treatment of many diseases of the ear are depicted. Modrzejewski is shown as a one of the pioneer of treatment of deaf-mutism in Polish territories. His publishing activity is also depicted.

[The otorhinolaryngological achievements of surgeon Hipolit Korzeniowski (1827-1897)]

The professional and scientific activities of Hipolit Korzeniowski (1827-1879), an eminent Varsovian surgeon, his thorough medical education in various European centries is shortly outlined. He was a head of the surgical ward especially at the Infant Jesus Hospital in Warsaw and at the medical schools in Warsaw. Korzeniowski's succesful surgical treatment of rhinolaryngological diseases, such as scarlet fever of ear, treatment of deaf-mutism, sinusitis paranasales, operations of jaws, plastic reconstruction of the palate, foreign bodies of larynx, tracheotomy in the tuberculosis of larynx, are described in some more detail.

[Postgraduate studies of Alfred Marcin Sokołowski (1849-1924) in Vienna and Heidelberg]

The professional, scientific and teaching career of Alfred M. Sokołowski (1849-1924) is presented. Alfred M. Sokołowski was a pioneer of Polish pulmonology and rhinolaryngology. His trips to Vienna and Heidelberg to study various fields of medicine are described. Emphasis is made on his training in rhinolaryngology under such masters as Leopold Schroetter and Karl Stoerck in Vienna and Antoni Jurasz Sr. in Heidelberg.

[The dilatation of auditive tube (Bougirage tubaire) by dilators in XIX century]

The treatment of auditiory tube chronic catarrh in XIX century by pharmagological drugs, by special apparatuses of surprising technical sophistication, by electrisation and faradisation is discussed first of all. The dilatation of auditory tube by dilators was the diagnostical and therapeutical methods, especially preferenced by Victor Urbantschitsch, Hermann Schwartze, Jean P. Bonnafonte, Albert Calmettes and Bronisław Taczanowski, Teodor Heiman and Samuel Meyerson. The dilators were building of celluloid, whale-bone, silver and were absorbed by argentum nitrate, vaseline. The technique, difficulties and effects of dilatation are described in more detail. The complications of this operation is presented finally.

[The hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsill in the estimation of XIX-century physicians]

The role of such physicians as Rudolph A. Kolliker, Johann N. Czermak, Ludwig Tuerck, Friedrich E. Voltlini, Benjamin B. Loewenberg, Hubert v. Luschka in the building of the science on hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil are pointed out first of all. The specific significance of achievements of Wilhelm Meyer (1824-1895) of Copenhagen based on scrupulous examinations is described. In the Polish territories the innovatory were works of Teodor Heryng, Klemens Koehler, Władysław Wróblewski, Jan Sedziak, Teofil Zalewski. The epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, anatomo-patological examinations, the role of pharyngeal tonsil on immunity system are presented widely. The influence of hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil on general evolution of child, on his intellectual sphere, on speech disorders, on upper respiratory tract disorders, on auditory disorders, on the origination of deaf-mutism, on the origination of reflexogenous neuroses are described in more detail. An important role of anterior rhinoscopy, posterior rhinoscopy, and digital examination in the diagnosis of this illnes are also presented with full particulars.

[Galvanocautery in the 19th century otorhinolaryngology service]

The essence of galvanocautery, the such instruments as loops, cauteries and others are presented first of all. The achievements of such doctors as Albrecht Theodor Middeldorpf (1824-1868), Victor von Bruns (1812-1883), Friedrich Eduard Voltolini (1819-1889) and others in development of galvanocautery are depicted. The observations of such Polish physicians as Antoni Bryk (1820-1881), Jan Sedziak (1861-1932) and Zygmunt Srebrny (1860-1941) were very valuable. The good points and shortcomings of galvanocautery and principles of post-operational procedures are pointed out. The use of galvanocautery in otorhinolaryngology especially in strictures of external auditory meatus, aural polyps, aural granulations, in hypertrophy of nasal concha, nasal polyps, in atresia of nasal cavities, in hypertrophy of palatine tonsils, in tumors of naso-pharyngeal cavity, in tuberculosis laryngis are described with full particulars.

[The reception of Sebastian Kneipp's hydrotherapeutic method. Its significance in contemporary medicine]

The reports of Władysław Jasiński (1827-1903), Józef Surzycki (1855-1937) and Józef P. Drzewiecki (1860-1907), XIX century Polish physicians from the hydrotherapeutic infirmary in Worishofen are described with full particulars. The Kneipp's hydrotherapeutic methods are presented in more details. The Worishofen's physicians at that time are outlined. The critical view of therapeutic methods in Worishofen by Polish physicians is depicted. The importance of hydrotherapeutic methods for contemporary and present medicine is thoroughly described.

[Priest Sebastian Kneipp and his hydrotherapeutic method. Point of view after over one hundred years]

Vincenz Priestnitz (1799-1851) and Wilhelm Winternitz (1835-1905) were creators of world hydrotherapy. Sebastian Kneipp (1821-1893), the priest at Worishofen, the owner of the hydro-therapeutic infirmary where are found precursors of many hydro-therapeutic methods. He was the author of several popular books based on his experience. The book "My water treatment" is best known. He was also a builder of the curative houses, such as: Sebastianeum, Kneip pianeum, Kinder-Asyl. About 25 thousand people from far-away lands yearly were Kneipp's patients. Pourning, wrapings, compresses, rinsing off, total-baths and partial-baths were used often. The aim of this paper is to present Kneipp's silhouette and his sometimes uncritical hydro-therapeutic methods.

[The historical review of the adenotomy]

The opinions of famous foreign and also such Polish physicians as Jan Sedziak, Władysław Wr6blewski, Zdzisław Dmochowski on problem of removal of hypertrophic pharyngeal tonsil are presented first of all. An unsuccessful trials of conservative treatment are pointed out. Adenotomy was preformed in general anaesthesia, especially by chloroform, in "half-anaesthization", in local anaesthesia. The problems of anaesthesia are presented widely. The various method of removal of hypertrophic pharyngeal tonsils by forceps, by curettes, by loops, by nail are depicted with full particulars. The Loewenberg's forceps in various modifications, the Gottstein's curette and later the Beckmann's and La Force's adenotoms were best. The problem of rinsing of nose after the operation and influence of this rinsing on complications in auditory organ, the problem of postoperative relapses are discussed. The postoperative complications after adenotomy, bleeding and haemmorhage early and late, running of bits of tonsil into larynx, the inflammations of upper respiratory tract are also presented. The Jan Miodoński's and Jan Danielewicz's modern opinions at a performance of problem of adenotomy are depicted finally.

[The historical view of anterior rhinoscopy]

The discovery of laryngoscopy by Manuel Garcia (1805-1906) was very important for the development of rhinoscopic research. The discovery of nasal speculum by Ludovit Markuszovsky (1815-1893) is described. Markuszovsky and Johann N. Czermak (1828-1873) initiated the term "rhinoscopy". The achievements of Czermak for rhinoscopy are significant. The "conductor of light" by Phillip Bozzini (1773-1809) for the nasal research is presented. The nasal specula by Fraenkel, Duplay, Voltolini and others are depicted. The distinguished Polish rhinolaryngologist Antoni Jurasz sen. (1847-1923) was a creator of simple instrument for the anterior rhinoscopy. The discoveries and employments of cocaine, adrenaline and X rays were very useful for nasal examinations.