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Chakedis J, Squires MH, Beal EW, Hughes T, Lewis H, Paredes A, Al-Mansour M, Sun S, Cloyd JM, Pawlik TM. Update on current problems in colorectal liver metastasis. Curr Probl Surg 2017; 54:554-602. [PMID: 29198365 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Majem Tarruella M, Isla Casado L, Guirado M, Massuti Sureda B, Ortega Granados A, Marse Fabregat R, Domine Gomez M, de las Peñas R, Moran Bueno M, Vazquez Estevez S, Sala Gonzalez M, Coves Sarto J, Sánchez-Torres J, Vicente Baz D, Gonzalez-Larriba J, Paredes A, Farré N, Fernández Fornos L, Mena A, Provencio Pulla M. Preliminar analysis of the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (SLCG) phase II trial of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CT-RT) with cisplatin (P) plus metronomic oral vinorelbine (mOV) for unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC): NORA trial (GECP 15/02). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx379.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Contreras G, Pardo V, Cely C, Borja E, Hurtado A, De La Cuesta C, Iqbal K, Lenz O, Asif A, Nahar N, Leclerq B, Leon C, Schulman I, Ramirez-Seijas F, Paredes A, Cepero A, Khan T, Pachon F, Tozman E, Barreto G, Hoffman D, Almeida Suarez M, Busse JC, Esquenazi M, Esquenazi A, Garcia Mayol L, Garcia Estrada H. Factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with lupus nephritis. Lupus 2016; 14:890-5. [PMID: 16335581 DOI: 10.1191/0961203305lu2238oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with important clinical outcomes in a case-control study of 213 patients with lupus nephritis. Included were 47% Hispanics, 44% African Americans and 9% Caucasians with a mean age of 28 years. Fifty-four (25%) patients reached the primary composite outcome of doubling serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease or death during a mean follow-up of 37 months. Thirty-four percent African Americans, 20% Hispanics and 10% Caucasians reached the primary composite outcome ( P < 0.05). Patients reaching the composite outcome had predominantly proliferative lupus nephritis (WHO classes: 30% III, 32% IV, 18% V and 5% II, P < 0.025) with higher activity index score (7 ± 6 versus 5 ± 5, P<0.05), chronicity index (CI) score (4 ± 3 versus 2 ± 2 unit, P<0.025), higher baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) (111 ± 21 versus 102 ± 14 mmHg, P<0.025) and serum creatinine (1.9 ± 1.3 versus 1.3 ± 1.0 mg/dL, P<0.025), but lower baseline hematocrit (29 ± 6 versus 31 + 5%, P<0.025) and complement C3 (54 ± 26 versus 65 + 33 mg/dL, P<0.025) compared to controls. More patients reaching the composite outcome had nephrotic range proteinuria compared to controls (74% versus 56%, P<0.025). By multivariate analysis, CI (hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.18 [1.07-1.30] per point), MAP (HR 1.02 [1.00-1.03] per mmHg), and baseline serum creatinine (HR 1.26 [1.04-1.54] per mg/dL) were independently associated with the composite outcome. We concluded that hypertension and elevated serum creatinine at the time of the kidney biopsy as well as a high CI are associated with an increased the risk for chronic renal failure or death in patients with lupus nephritis.
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Martinez E, Oses MR, Casas F, Viñolas N, Minguez J, Paredes A, Casas AP, Domine E. PO-0681: Randomized phase II study of Erlotinib with radiotherapy in irresectable non small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Arriola E, Paredes A, Gomez RG, Diz P, Constenla M, Girón CG, Amador M, Reck M, Vivanco GL. 147P: Level of concordance between EGFR mutation status obtained from tissue/cytology and blood (plasma) for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in Spain: ASSESS study. J Thorac Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(16)30257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ramirez G, Paredes A, Estacio C, Rojas L, Moreno D, Lazaro M, Vallenas F, Arca JM. First Dengue Outbreak in Villa Maria del Triunfo District, Lima, Peru 2013. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Borrelli M, Hamilton E, Watanabe F, Paredes A, Hennings L, Culp W. Influence of thrombin content and fibrin complexity on in vitro sonothrombolysis rate and efficacy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Oramas J, Cobo M, Paredes A, Arriola E, Sala M, Artal A, Girones R, Martinez M, Figueroa S, Domine M. 9075 POSTER ARIADNA Study – Evaluation of Symptoms on Daily Life and Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Amweg A, Paredes A, Salvetti N, Lara H, Ortega H. Expression of melanocortin receptors mRNA, and direct effects of ACTH on steroid secretion in the bovine ovary. Theriogenology 2011; 75:628-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cobo M, Ferrer N, Paredes A, Mendez M, Muñoz-Langa J, Rueda A, Alvarez De Mon M, Sanchez-Hernandez A, Gallego R, Torrego J. Phase II study of bevacizumab in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel as first-line treatment of patients (p) with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Final report. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e18009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Provencio M, Cobo M, Vazquez-Estevez S, Firvida J, Maciá S, Barneto I, Oramas J, Sanchez-Hernandez A, Ferrer N, Paredes A. Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are candidates to receive a second-line treatment. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e18109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ferrer N, Cobo M, Paredes A, Méndez M, Muñoz-Langa J, Rueda A, de Mon MÁ, Sánchez-Hernández A, Gallego R, Torrego J. 9149 Phase II study of bevacizumab in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel as first line treatment of patients (p) with metastatic non squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)71862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Ferrer N, Cobo M, Paredes A, Méndez M, Muñoz-Langa J, Rueda A, Álvarez de Mon M, Sánchez-Hernández A, Gallego R, Torrego J. Phase II study of bevacizumab in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel as first-line treatment of patients (p) with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e19023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e19023 Background: Bevacizumab (B), in addition to platinum-based chemotherapy, is indicated for 1st-line treatment of p with advanced NSCLC other than predominantly squamous cell histology. B has been shown to improve progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) when combined with cisplatin/gemcitabine and carboplatin/paclitaxel, respectively. However, there are limited data on the safety and efficacy of B in combination with other widely used chemotherapy doublets for NSCLC. This is a single-arm, open- labeled, single-stage phase II trial of cisplatin (C), docetaxel (D) and B for NSCLC. Methods: Eligibility criteria: chemo- naïve, stage IIIB wet or IV, non-squamous NSCLC, PS 0–1, no brain metastases and no history of gross hemoptysis. P received D (75 mg/m2), C (75 mg/m2), and B (15 mg/kg iv) on day 1 every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, followed by B 15 mg/kg alone every 3 weeks until disease progression or toxicity. Primary endpoint: PFS. Results: 50 p were enrolled (enrollment completed): 24% female, median age 60 (36–74), PS 1: 64%, adenocarcinoma: 72%; stage IV: 92%. Two p did not start treatment. Median follow-up is 5.3 months (range 0–13.6). Median number of cycles of B was 7 (range 0–18). 56% completed 6 cycles of treatment; 24% received ≥ 12 cycles of B. Most frequent grade ≥ 3 toxicities: diarrhea (14.6%), fatigue (14.6%), dyspnea (9.8%), anorexia (4.9%), alopecia (4.9%), esophagitis (4.9%), constipation (4.9%), mucositis (12.2%), proteinuria (4.9%); hematological toxicities: neutropenia (22%), febrile neutropenia (9.8%), leucopenia (14.6%), lymphopenia (4.9%). Of interest, 41.5% developed grade <3 epistaxis and 17% hypertension (1 p grade 3). One p died due to hemoptysis. 46 p were evaluable for response: 29 PRs (ORR: 63%). 18 of 48 p have experienced progression or death with a median SLP of 7.8 months (95% CI: 6.6-NR). Median OS is 13.5 months (95% CI: 12.7–13.6; 81.2% p censored); 1-year survival is 83.9% (95% CI: 67.4%-92.5%). Conclusions: Treatment with C, D and B, followed by maintenance B in 1st line of advanced non-squamous NSCLC shows an acceptable toxicity profile and promising efficacy. Final results will be presented. [Table: see text]
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Silva H, Nieto R, Montes C, Paredes A, Rentería P, Ramírez A, Jérez S. [Gender-related differences in functional assessment of serotonergic system in healthy young subjects]. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2008; 36:218-222. [PMID: 18615275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolactin stimulation test with serotonergic stimulants has been widely used in the study of diverse psychiatric disorders. However, the characterization of this response in normal subjects is still incomplete. OBJECTIVE To compare the response to serotonin stimulation using dexfenfluramine, a specific serotonergic agent, in young healthy men and women, controlling the menstrual cycle. METHODS A total of 10 women and 9 men, who were given 30 mg of dexfenfluramine orally, were studied and their levels of prolactin were measured on an hourly basis for a five-hour period. Baseline, maximum and delta values of prolactin were compared for both groups. RESULTS According to the age groups studied (mean age for men: 19.9 +/- 2.5 years old; mean age for women: 20 +/- 1.5 years old), the prolactin maximum level and the response to prolactin (DPRL) were significantly higher in women (p-values: 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Young healthy women show a greater response to stimulation with dexfenfluramine than young healthy men. Clinical and biological implications of this observation are discussed in the context of the currently available research papers.
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Ferrer N, Paredes A, Muñoz-Langa JM, Mendez M, Cobo M, de-Portugal T, Giner V, Garcia S, Gallego R, Torrego J. Bevacizumab in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel as first line treatment of patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic, non squamous, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.19109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Martinez E, Martinez M, Viñolas N, Casas F, de la Torre A, Valcarcel F, Minguez J, Paredes A, Casas AP, Dómine M. Feasibility and tolerability of the addition of erlotinib to 3D thoracic radiotherapy (RT) in patients (p) with unresectable NSCLC: A prospective randomized phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.7563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pallarés C, Capdevila J, Paredes A, Farré N, Ciria JP, Membrive I, Basterrechea L, Gomez-Segura G, Barnadas A. Induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus carboplatin followed by paclitaxel with concurrent radiotherapy in stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: A phase II trial. Lung Cancer 2007; 58:238-45. [PMID: 17658655 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a prospective phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus carboplatin followed by concurrent radiotherapy with weekly paclitaxel in stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage IIIB NSCLC received two 3-week cycles of paclitaxel 200mg/m(2) combined with carboplatin (target area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of 6 mg/ml) followed by weekly paclitaxel 50mg/m(2) concurrently with radiotherapy consisted of 2 Gy daily, 5 days per week (60 Gy total dose in 6 weeks). The median follow-up period was 5 years. RESULTS Between March 1999 and January 2002, 21 patients were enrolled and analyzed. Ninety percent of patients completed the planned treatment schedule. The overall response rate was 76% (24% complete response and 52% partial response). The median overall survival time was 15 months and the 1-year, 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 57, 33 and 24%, respectively. The disease progression rate at 1 year was 43% and the median progression-free survival was 8 months. During the chemoradiation period, grade 3-4 oesophagitis and pneumonitis were observed in 24 and 14% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Induction chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by weekly paclitaxel with concurrent radiotherapy was found to be active and tolerable in selected stage IIIB NSCLC patients. Further studies are needed to improve the safety profile and outcome in this setting.
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Paredes A, Weaver S, Watowich S, Chiu W. Structural biology of old world and new world alphaviruses. ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY. SUPPLEMENTUM 2006:179-85. [PMID: 16358426 DOI: 10.1007/3-211-29981-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Isla D, Sarries C, Rosell R, Alonso G, Domine M, Taron M, Lopez-Vivanco G, Camps C, Botia M, Nuñez L, Sanchez-Ronco M, Sanchez JJ, Lopez-Brea M, Barneto I, Paredes A, Medina B, Artal A, Lianes P. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and outcome in docetaxel-cisplatin-treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:1194-203. [PMID: 15277258 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum-based doublets are the standard chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Excision-repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) are essential to the repair of cisplatin DNA adducts. Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) has been related to antimicrotubule resistance. We assessed whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERCC1, XPD, RRM1 and MDR1, and ERCC1 mRNA expression, predicted survival in docetaxel-cisplatin-treated stage IV NSCLC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the TaqMan 5' nuclease assay, we examined ERCC1 118, XPD 751 and 312, RRM1 -37C/A, and MDR1 C3435T SNPs in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from 62 docetaxel-cisplatin-treated advanced NSCLC patients. ERCC1 expression was measured in RNA isolated from PBLs using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS Overall median survival was 10.26 months. Median survival was 9.67 months for 34 patients with ERCC1 118 C/T, 9.74 months for 17 patients with T/T, and not reached for 11 patients with C/C (P=0.04). Similar significant differences in time to progression were observed according to ERCC1 118 genotype (P=0.03). No other significant differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Patients homozygous for the ERCC1 118 C allele demonstrated a significantly better survival. ERCC1 SNP assessment could be an important component of tailored chemotherapy trials.
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Garcı́a-Olmo J, De Pedro E, Garrido A, Paredes A, Sanabria C, Santolalla M, Salas J, Garcı́a-Hierro J, Gonzalez I, Garcı́a-Cachan M, Guirao J. Determination of the precision of the fatty acid analysis of Iberian pig fat by gas chromatography. Results of a mini collaborative study. Meat Sci 2002; 60:103-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(01)00166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2000] [Revised: 05/11/2001] [Accepted: 07/25/2001] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Paredes A, Hasegawa M, Prieto F, Mendez J, Rodríguez M, Rodríguez-Ortega M. Biological activity of Guatteria cardoniana fractions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 78:129-132. [PMID: 11694356 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Methanolic extract of leaves and twigs of Guatteria cardoniana R.E. Fries (Annonaceae), a plant from the Venezuelan rain forest, was separated in alkaloid rich fractions and their biological effect on baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell line was studied. The initial plant extract (FA) induced cell proliferation, cytotoxicity as well as antiviral activity, depending on the concentration used. Further separation of this methanolic extract allowed us to separate these biological activities. The fraction with the highest antiviral activity (F7) was chromatographed and three of the nine alkaloid-rich fractions obtained, retained this activity. One of them (F(7)11) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against a neurotropic Sindbis virus (NSV).
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Paredes A, Alwell-Warda K, Weaver SC, Chiu W, Watowich SJ. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus structure and its divergence from old world alphaviruses. J Virol 2001; 75:9532-7. [PMID: 11533216 PMCID: PMC114521 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.19.9532-9537.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alphaviruses have been extensively studied as model systems for the structural organization of enveloped viruses, no structures exist for the phylogenetically distinct eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE)-Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) lineage of New World alphaviruses. Here we report the 25-A structure of VEE virus, obtained from electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction. The envelope spike glycoproteins of VEE virus have a T=4 icosahedral arrangement, similar to that observed in Old World Sindbis, Semliki Forest, and Ross River alphaviruses. However, VEE virus has pronounced differences in its nucleocapsid structure relative to nucleocapsid structures repeatedly observed in Old World alphaviruses.
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Greiner M, Cárdenas S, Parra C, Bravo J, Avalos AM, Paredes A, Lara HE, Fiedler JL. Adrenalectomy regulates apoptotic-associated genes in rat hippocampus. Endocrine 2001; 15:323-33. [PMID: 11762707 DOI: 10.1385/endo:15:3:323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Morphological studies of granular neurons of the hippocampus have shown that adrenalectomy (ADX) induces the cell death of granular neurons, an effect prevented by corticosterone replacement. We addressed the hypothesis that corticosterone regulates the expression of the apoptotic bcl-2 gene family. Five days after adrenalectomy, we observed morphological changes related to hippocampal granule cell apoptosis that was accompanied by terminal dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) labeling in nuclei located in the hilus region. Corticosterone replacement prevented the cell death induced by ADX. Using RT-PCR we found a reduction in mRNA levels of the antiapoptotic gene bcl-2 in whole hippocampus, an effect which was prevented by corticosterone administration to ADX rats. However, Bcl-2 protein levels were not altered by this treatment. We did not observe modifications in the level of bcl-X(L) mRNA however, we did find a 40% reduction in Bcl-X(L) protein levels, an effect not reversed by corticosterone. In contrast, we found a reduction in the mRNA of the antiapoptotic gene bax and Bax levels after ADX; both effects were prevented by corticosterone. The reduction in proapoptotic bax and in antiapoptotic bcl-2 mRNA levels in the whole hippocampus, suggests that local variations in these molecules could account for both neuronal viability of the CA1-CA3 and granular cell death detected by morphological means and observed after ADX.
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Bilger M, Heger S, Brann DW, Paredes A, Ojeda SR. A conditional tetracycline-regulated increase in Gamma amino butyric acid production near luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone nerve terminals disrupts estrous cyclicity in the rat. Endocrinology 2001; 142:2102-14. [PMID: 11316778 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.5.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter controlling LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion in the mammalian hypothalamus. Whether alterations in GABA homeostasis within discrete regions of the neuroendocrine brain known to be targets of GABA action, such as the median eminence, can disrupt the ability of the LHRH releasing system to maintain reproductive cyclicity is not known but amenable to experimental scrutiny. The present experiments were undertaken to examine this issue. Immortalized BAS-8.1 astroglial cells were genetically modified by infection with a regulatable retroviral vector to express the gene encoding the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67) under the control of a tetracycline (tet) controlled gene expression system. In this system, expression of the gene of interest is repressed by tet and activated in the absence of the antibiotic. BAS-8.1 cells carrying this regulatory cassette, and cultured in the absence of tet ("GAD on"), expressed abundant levels of GAD-67 messenger RNA and GAD enzymatic activity, and released GABA when challenged with glutamate. All of these responses were inhibited within 24 h of exposure to tet ("GAD off"). Grafting "GAD on" cells into the median eminence of late juvenile female rats, near LHRH nerve terminals, did not affect the age at vaginal opening, but greatly disrupted subsequent estrous cyclicity. These animals exhibiting long periods of persistent estrus, interrupted by occasional days in proestrus and diestrus, suggesting the occurrence of irregular ovulatory episodes. Administration of the tetracycline analog doxycycline (DOXY) in the drinking water inhibited GAD-67synthesis and restored estrous cyclicity to a pattern indistinguishable from that of control rats grafted with native BAS-8.1 cells. Animals carrying "GAD on" cells showed a small increase in serum LH and estradiol levels, and a marked elevation in serum androstenedione, all of which were obliterated by turning GAD-67 synthesis off in the grafted cells. Morphometric analysis of the ovaries revealed that both groups grafted with GABA-producing cells had an increased incidence of large antral follicles (>500 micrometer) compared with animals grafted with native BAS-8.1 cells, but that within this category the incidence of steroidogenically more active follicles (i.e. larger than 600 micrometer) was greater in "GAD on" than in "GAD off" rats. These results indicate that a regionally discrete, temporally controlled increase in GABA availability to LHRH nerve terminals in the median eminence of the hypothalamus suffices to disrupt estrous cyclicity in the rat, and raise the possibility that similar local alterations in GABA homeostasis may contribute to the pathology of hypothalamic amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea in humans.
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