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Belmar P, de Eusebio E, Sánchez C, Vergara A, Martín A, Juanes A, Jiménez E, Diez E, Pastor MA, Olivares M. [Paramedian forehead flap for the reconstruction of extensive nasal defects]. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2011; 102:187-92. [PMID: 21377637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Department of Dermatology at Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara in Spain is a referral center for Mohs micrographic surgery. Consequently, we are regularly faced with the problem of repairing large surgical defects on the nose. The paramedian forehead flap is currently one of the techniques of choice for the repair of such defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS We review our experience in the repair of nasal defects using the paramedian forehead flap over the period from 2004 to 2008. We describe the surgical technique, complications, and final results. RESULTS Ten patients (mean age, 75.1 years) were treated using this flap. Two patients also required cartilage grafts and reconstruction of the internal nasal lining. The most common complications were bleeding (60%) and partial necrosis (10%). The final cosmetic and functional results were considered good or excellent in 90% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The forehead flap continues to be one of the best options for the closure of surgical defects of the nasal pyramid larger than 2 cm. Adequate knowledge and careful application of the technique allows excellent results to be obtained with few complications.
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Belmar P, de Eusebio E, Sánchez C, Vergara A, Martín A, Juanes A, Jiménez E, Diez E, Pastor M, Olivares M. Paramedian Forehead Flap for the Reconstruction of Extensive Nasal Defects. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(11)70783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zevallos K, Vergara KC, Vergara A, Vidal C, Garcia HH, Evans CA. Tuberculin skin-test reactions are unaffected by the severity of hyperendemic intestinal helminth infections and co-infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83:319-25. [PMID: 20682875 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuberculin skin test (TST) quantifies cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis antigens. Helminths suppress cell-mediated immunity, so we studied the effect of helminth infection and deworming on the TST in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in an indigenous Amazon community (N = 195). Stool microscopy diagnosed helminths in 98% and co-infection with multiple species in 24% of study subjects. The TST was positive (> or = 10 mm) for 49%, and responses increased with age (P < 0.001), Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination (P = 0.01), and tuberculosis contact (P = 0.05). TST results had no association with helminth-egg concentrations, species, or co-infections (all P > 0.1). One month after deworming with albendazole (three daily 400-mg doses), helminths were reduced, but 63% remained infected with helminths. Albendazole did not cause a change in TST size (P = 0.8) or positivity (P = 0.9) relative to placebo. Thus, TST reactions were unaffected by albendazole therapy that partially cured intestinal helminth infections, and TST interpretation was unaffected by high-burden helminth infections and co-infection with multiple helminth species.
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Vergara A, Festino A, Di Ciccio P, Pennisi L, Conter M, Costanzo C, Ianieri A. THE MANAGEMENT OF THE DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION: HYGIENIC AND SANITARY CHARACTERISTICS OF REFRIGERATORS FROM NORTHEN AND CENTRAL ITALY. Ital J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2010.8.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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López-Cortés LF, Viciana P, Ruiz-Valderas R, Pasquau J, Ruiz J, Lozano F, Merino D, Vergara A, Terrón A, González L, Rivero A, Muñoz-Sanz A. Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic of once-daily boosted saquinavir (1500/100 mg) together with 2 nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in real life: a multicentre prospective study. AIDS Res Ther 2010; 7:5. [PMID: 20236544 PMCID: PMC2847537 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ritonavir-boosted saquinavir (SQVr) is nowadays regarded as an alternative antiretroviral drug probably due to several drawbacks, such as its high pill burden, twice daily dosing and the requirement of 200 mg ritonavir when given at the current standard 1000/100 mg bid dosing. Several once-daily SQVr dosing schemes have been studied with the 200 mg SQV old formulations, trying to overcome some of these disadvantages. SQV 500 mg strength tablets became available at the end of 2005, thus facilitating a once-daily regimen with fewer pills, although there is very limited experience with this formulation yet. Methods Prospective, multicentre study in which efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of a regimen of once-daily SQVr 1500/100 mg plus 2 NRTIs were evaluated under routine clinical care conditions in either antiretroviral-naïve patients or in those with no previous history of antiretroviral treatments and/or genotypic resistance tests suggesting SQV resistance. Plasma SQV trough levels were measured by HPLV-UV. Results Five hundred and fourteen caucasian patients were included (47.2% coinfected with hepatitis C and/or B virus; 7.8% with cirrhosis). Efficacy at 52 weeks (plasma RNA-HIV <50 copies/ml) was 67.7% (CI95: 63.6 - 71.7%) by intention-to-treat, and 92.2% (CI95: 89.8 - 94.6%) by on-treatment analysis. The reasons for failure were: dropout or loss to follow-up (18.4%), virological failure (7.8%), adverse events (3.1%), and other reasons (4.6%). The high rate of dropout may be explained by an enrollement and follow-up under routine clinical care condition, and a population with a significant number of drug users. The median SQV Cmin (n = 49) was 295 ng/ml (range, 53-2172). The only variable associated with virological failure in the multivariate analysis was adherence (OR: 3.36; CI95, 1.51-7.46, p = 0.003). Conclusions Our results suggests that SQVr (1500/100 mg) once-daily plus 2 NRTIs is an effective regimen, without severe clinical adverse events or hepatotoxicity, scarce lipid changes, and no interactions with methadone. All these factors and its once-daily administration suggest this regimen as an appropriate option in patients with no SQV resistance-associated mutations.
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Teira R, Suárez-Lozano I, Lozano F, Viciana P, Domingo P, Galindo P, Geijo P, Terrón A, González J, Cosín J, Ribera E, Roca B, García-Alcalde ML, Sánchez T, Muñoz-Sánchez A, Vergara A, López-Aldeguer J, Pedrol E, Vidal F, Garrido M, Santamaría JM. Characteristics and outcome of HIV infection in gypsies in the Spanish VACH Cohort. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2010; 28:266-72. [PMID: 20129716 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the characteristics of HIV infection in the gypsy (Roma) population in Spain, as compared with those of the Caucasian, non-gypsy majority. DESIGN Cross-sectional, historical cohort study from the Spanish VACH Cohort. METHODS Patients attending VACH clinics between 1 June 2004 and 30 November 2004 were classified according to their racial and ethnic origin as "gypsies", Caucasian non-gypsy Spanish natives (CNGN), and "other" (the last being excluded from this study). Their sociodemographic and clinico-epidemiological characteristics were compared, as well as the Kaplan-Meier curves of time to AIDS, or death, or disease progression (either of the 2 outcomes). RESULTS 4819 (48%) of 10,032 cases included in the VACH database were eligible: 210 (4.2%) were gypsies and 4252 (84.8%) were CNGN. Differences were observed in age, household, academic, inmate, marital, and employment history. Injecting drug use had been the most frequent mechanism of transmission in both groups, but to a greater extent among gypsies (72% versus 50%; P<0.000). Sex distribution, CD4 cell counts, and viral loads at the first visit were similar in the 2 groups, as was the percentage of patients with previous AIDS, percentage receiving antiretrovirals, and percentage subsequently starting antiretroviral therapy. Up to 1 April 2005, 416 new AIDS cases and 85 deaths were recorded. The percentage of these outcomes did not differ between groups, but log-rank test showed a shorter time to AIDS and disease progression among gypsies. CONCLUSIONS The sociodemographic characteristics of gypsies, the largest minority in the VACH Cohort, show differences relative to those of CNGN. HIV-related outcomes suggest that gypsies have a poorer prognosis.
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Suarez-Lozano I, Viciana P, Lacalle JR, Teira R, Lozano F, Lopez-Aldeguer J, Pedrol E, Domingo P, Cosin J, Roca B, Geijo P, Fuente B, Vergara A, Ribera E, Galindo MJ, Zapata A, Sanchez T, Vidal F, Munoz-Sanz A, Munoz-Sanchez J, Garrido M. The relationship between antiretroviral prescription patterns and treatment guidelines in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients. HIV Med 2009; 10:573-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pennisi L, Olivieri V, Vergara A, Ianieri A. SHELF –LIFE OF SEA BREAM (SPARUS AURATA) PACKAGED IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE: RELATIONSHIPs BETWEEN SENSORY AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS. Ital J Food Saf 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2008.3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Verde C, Giordano D, Russo R, Riccio A, Vergara A, Mazzarella L, di Prisco G. Hemoproteins in the cold. Mar Genomics 2009; 2:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Crespo M, Ribera E, Suarez-Lozano I, Domingo P, Pedrol E, Lopez-Aldeguer J, Munoz A, Vilades C, Sanchez T, Viciana P, Teira R, Garcia-Alcalde ML, Vergara A, Lozano F, Galindo MJ, Cosin J, Roca B, Terron A, Geijo P, Vidal F, Garrido M. Effectiveness and safety of didanosine, lamivudine and efavirenz versus zidovudine, lamivudine and efavirenz for the initial treatment of HIV-infected patients from the Spanish VACH cohort. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 63:189-96. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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D’Orio V, Festino A, Costanzo C, Di Ciccio P, Colavita G, Vergara A. BIOMOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) ISOLATED FROM MEAT AND MEAT PROCESSING ENVIRONMENTS. Ital J Food Saf 2008. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2008.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Castillo Pineda JCDLC, Figueredo Grijalva R, Dugloszewski C, Díaz Reynoso JASR, Spolidoro Noroña JV, Matos A, Carrasco F, Chirife G, Vergara A, Moya Rodríguez J, Loyola G, Alvarez A, Barozzi C, Vargas M, García de Lorenzo A. [The Cancun Declaration: the Cancun International Declaration on the Right at the hospital]. NUTR HOSP 2008; 23:413-417. [PMID: 19160890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
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Merlino A, Russo Krauss I, Castellano I, De Vendittis E, Vergara A, Sica F. Structure, stability and flexibility of a psychrophilic iron superoxide dismutase. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308090697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Mazzarella L, Vitagliano L, Vergara A, Merlino A, Verde C, Di Prisco G. Multiple coordination and quaternary states of fish hemoglobin re-open the root effect question. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308087904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Vergara A, Isarría M, Rodríguez-Peralto J, Guerra A. Angiomas capilares lobulares diseminados. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(08)74728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Vergara A, Isarría MJ, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Guerra A. [Disseminated lobular capillary hemangiomas]. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2008; 99:494-496. [PMID: 18558064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
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Di Bonaventura G, Piccolomini R, Paludi D, D’Orio V, Vergara A, Conter M, Ianieri A. Influence of temperature on biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes on various food-contact surfaces: relationship with motility and cell surface hydrophobicity. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:1552-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Domingo P, Suárez-Lozano I, Torres F, Teira R, Lopez-Aldeguer J, Vidal F, Muñoz A, Viciana P, Lozano F, Vergara A, Roca B, García Alcalde ML, Cosín J, Terrón A, Galindo MJ, Geijo P, Ribera E, Gonzalez J, Sanchez T, Lacalle JR, Garrido M. First-line antiretroviral therapy with efavirenz or lopinavir/ritonavir plus two nucleoside analogues: the SUSKA study, a non-randomized comparison from the VACH cohort. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61:1348-58. [PMID: 18356150 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efavirenz and lopinavir/ritonavir are both recommended antiretroviral agents for combination first-line therapy, although information on direct comparisons between them is scarce. A retrospective longitudinal study from the VACH cohort comparing both regimens was performed. METHODS Efficacy was examined comparing time to virological failure, CD4 recovery and clinical progression. Tolerability was examined comparing time to treatment discontinuation for any reason and for toxicity. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and standard and weighted Cox regression models. RESULTS A total of 1550 antiretroviral-naive patients starting a two-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimen plus either efavirenz (n = 1159) or lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 391) were included in the study. At baseline, patients starting lopinavir/ritonavir had higher HIV-1 RNA and lower CD4+ cell counts. There was no difference in the adjusted hazards of virological failure [efavirenz versus lopinavir/ritonavir hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77-1.12, P = 0.43], CD4 recovery (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.95-1.30, P = 0.19) and clinical progression (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.39-1.31, P = 0.27). There was an increased risk of discontinuation for any reason or for toxicity for lopinavir/ritonavir (HR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.40-3.15, P = 0.0003). CD4 recovery with both drugs was also similar in the lowest CD4 strata. A higher risk of early hypertriglyceridaemia was associated with lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimens. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests similar virological efficacy for efavirenz- or lopinavir/ritonavir-based first-line antiretroviral regimens, but an increased risk of discontinuation because of toxicity in case of lopinavir/ritonavir-based therapy. Immunological outcome appeared similar with both regimens.
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Teira R, Geijo P, Cosín J, Muñoz-Sanz A, Viciana P, Suarez-Lozano I, López-Aldeguer J, Pedrol E, Vidal F, Sanchez T, Lozano F, Terron A, Vergara A, Galindo MJ, Domingo P, Ribera E, Roca B, Garcia-Alcalde ML, Garrido M, Muñoz-Sanchez P. Risk factors for end-stage liver disease among HIV and hepatitis C virus co-infected patients in the Spanish VACH Cohort. J Int AIDS Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-11-s1-p134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Vergara A, Isarría M, Rodríguez-Peralto J, Guerra A. Disseminated Lobular Capillary Hemangiomas. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(08)70300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Girón-González JA, Brun F, Terrón A, Vergara A, Arizcorreta A. Natural History of Compensated and Decompensated HCV-Related Cirrhosis in HIV-Infected Patients: A Prospective Multicentre Study. Antivir Ther 2007; 12:899-907. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350701200605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective To define the course of HIV-HCV-coinfected patients with compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis and to investigate the survival and the risk factors for death. Patients and methods Ninety-two HIV-infected patients with HCV-related cirrhosis (50 of them without and 42 with previous decompensations) were prospectively followed up during a median period of 20 months. Clinical, biochemical, virological and immunological factors were analysed. Multivariate analyses were performed of those factors associated with decompensations and mortality. Results There were 168 readmissions due to liver-disease-related causes. A Child-Pugh index ≥6 in those without previous decompensations (hazard ratio [HR] 7.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–39.58; P=0.014), and Child-Pugh index ≥9 (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.13–6.33; P=0.003) and absence of HAART (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.19–0.98; P=0.048) in those with previous decompensations were independently associated with decompensation during the follow up. There were 27 deaths, 22 of them attributable to liver disease. Independent factors associated with liver-related mortality were a Child-Pugh index ≥9 (HR 6.24, 95% CI 2.31–16.85; P<0.001), progression of Child-Pugh index during the follow up (HR 4.27, 95% CI 1.54–11.80; P=0.008), more than one decompensation (HR 24.25, 95% CI 7.27–40.45; P<0.001) and absence of HAART (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.98; P=0.002). Conclusions Evolution from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis and death is influenced by markers of liver function and the absence of HAART. The importance of this last element must be adequately stressed.
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Colavita G, Rotili M, Leone A, Vergara A, Sammarco ML, Ripabelli G. Identification of Emesis-causing Bacillus cereus Strains by Polymerase Chain Reaction: Preliminary Results. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31 Suppl 1:351-3. [PMID: 17682912 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mallolas J, Blanco J, Labarga P, Vergara A, Ocampo A, Sarasa M, Arnedo M, López-Púa Y, García J, Juega J, Guelar A, Terrón A, Dalmau D, García I, Zárraga M, Martínez E, Carné X, Pumarola T, Escayola R, Gatell J. Inhibitory quotient as a prognostic factor of response to a salvage antiretroviral therapy containing ritonavir-boosted saquinavir. The CIVSA Study. HIV Med 2007; 8:226-33. [PMID: 17461850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2007.00464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of a low dose of ritonavir to protease inhibitors (PIs) has become a widespread strategy to improve PI pharmacokinetics. As resistance is a major barrier to long-term suppression, in salvage therapy genotype and/or phenotype scoring is currently used to predict the response. We evaluated the relationship between the saquinavir (SQV) inhibitory quotient (IQ) (virtual and genotypic) and virological response. METHODS Eligible patients were on a PI-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen excluding SQV and had a viral load >5000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. The PI was switched to SQV/ritonavir (RTV) 1000/100 mg twice a day (bid) and the same two backbone nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were maintained at least until week 4, when the resistance test results became available. Genotype and virtual phenotype were determined at baseline, while the SQV trough plasma concentration was determined at week 4. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were included in the study. Mean baseline viral load and CD4 count were 137,693 copies/mL and 263 cells/microL, respectively, the mean number of previous PIs was 2.3 and the mean number of protease gene mutations (PGMs) was 4.1. Using an on-treatment analysis, at week 16 the mean increase in CD4 count was 70.9 cells/microL, viral load was <200 copies/mL in 17 out of 37 patients (45.9%), and 30 out of 45 patients (66.7%) were considered virological responders (VRs) (viral load <200 copies/mL or viral load declined > or =1 log(10) at week 16). Median virtual phenotype was 1.3 (0.6-6.9). Baseline differences were detected between VR and non-VR populations: the mean numbers of PGMs were 3.2 and 5.8 (P<0.05), the mean numbers of SQV-associated mutations were 2 and 3.8 (P<0.05), and the mean CD4 counts were 365.9 and 184.3 cells/microL (P<0.05), respectively. Mean SQV trough concentrations at week 4 were 1.1 and 1.0 microg/mL (not significant), and mean virtual IQs were 0.7 and 0.1 (P<0.01), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that baseline PGMs >5 or SQV-associated mutations>5, virtual phenotype, baseline viral load >50,000 copies/mL, and virtual IQ <0.5, but not genotypic IQ, were the variables independently associated with non-VR. CONCLUSION In heavily pretreated patients, the use of SQV virtual IQ or alternatively virtual phenotype, as well as PGMs, is a useful tool for the prediction of virological response.
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Vergara A, Arrue I, Dominuez JD, Vanaclocha F. Generalized pustular psoriasis precipitated by aceclofenac. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20:1028-9. [PMID: 16922973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Losito P, Vergara A, Muscariello LT, Ianieri A. Antimicrobial susceptibility of environmental Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a pigeon slaughterhouse in Italy. Poult Sci 2006; 84:1802-7. [PMID: 16463981 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.11.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
No information is available concerning the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigeon slaughterhouses. In the present study, 59 staphylococcal strains isolated from a pigeon slaughterhouse in central Italy were compared according to their antibiotic resistance. On the basis of cultural and biochemical properties, all isolates could be identified as S. aureus. The strains were checked for the productions of enterotoxins A, B, C, D by reversed passive latex agglutination. Resistance to 26 antibiotics was also determined paying particular attention to resistance to those antimicrobial agents frequently used in human medicine and in poultry breeding. Only one strain was positive for the production of enterotoxins type C and D. It was isolated from the evisceration tube after slaughtering. Enterotoxin B was produced by 2 strains isolated from the eyebrows and conjunctivas of the worker operating the crop rinsing tube. As to the susceptibility to antibiotics, all strains were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, bacitracin, cephalothin, fusidic acid, gentamicin, kanamycin, linezolid, oxacillin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, rifampicin, tobramycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin. Some (15.2%) of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and to penicillin G; 6.8% were resistant to chloramphenicol, 20.3% to enrofloxacin, 16.9% to erythromycin and to ciprofloxacin, 8.5% to clindamycin, and 11.9% to lincomycin. The highest percentages of strains were resistant to tetracycline and oleandomicin (37.3 and 25.4% respectively). Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were also found (3.4%). Only one strain had a multiple antibiotic resistance index > 0.30. The results were statistically analyzed and clustered in 6 groups. This work provides the antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus strains isolated from a pigeon slaughtering plant and represents a study on a quite unknown field in meat production.
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