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Shilovskiy IP, Nikolskii AA, Timotievich ED, Kovchina VI, Vishnyakova LI, Yumashev KV, Vinogradova KV, Kaganova MM, Brylina VE, Tyulyubaev VV, Rusak TE, Dyneva ME, Kurbacheva OM, Kudlay DA, Khaitov MR. IL-4 regulates neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of bronchial asthma. Cytokine 2024; 178:156563. [PMID: 38479048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in asthmatics substantially exacerbates the severity of the disease leading to resistance to conventional corticosteroid therapy. Many studies established the involvement of Th1- and Th17-cells and cytokines produced by them (IFNg, IL-17A, IL-17F etc.) in neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies revealed that IL-4 - a Th2-cytokine regulates neutrophil effector functions and migration. It was showed that IL-4 substantially reduces neutrophilic inflammation of the skin in a mouse model of cutaneous bacterial infection and blood neutrophilia in a mouse model systemic bacterial infection. However, there are no data available regarding the influence of IL-4 on non-infectious pulmonary inflammation. In the current study we investigated the effects of IL-4 in a previously developed mouse model of neutrophilic bronchial asthma. We showed that systemic administration of IL-4 significantly restricts neutrophilic inflammation of the respiratory tract probably through the suppression of Th1-/Th17-immune responses and downregulation of CXCR2. Additionally, pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation could be alleviated by IL-4-dependant polarization of N2 neutrophils and M2 macrophages, expressing anti-inflammatory TGFβ. Considering these, IL-4 might be used for reduction of exaggerated pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and overcoming corticosteroid insensitivity of asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Shilovskiy
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - A A Nikolskii
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E D Timotievich
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V I Kovchina
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - L I Vishnyakova
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K V Yumashev
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K V Vinogradova
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin» of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, 109472, 23, Academician Scriabin St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M M Kaganova
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin» of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, 109472, 23, Academician Scriabin St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V E Brylina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin» of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, 109472, 23, Academician Scriabin St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V V Tyulyubaev
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 119991, 2/4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - T E Rusak
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 119991, 2/4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M E Dyneva
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O M Kurbacheva
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D A Kudlay
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M R Khaitov
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997, 1, Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, Russian Federation
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Jessup SC, Adamis AM, Rast CE, Cox RC, Olatunji BO. Unique and interactive effects of emotion regulation difficulties and perceived stress on COVID-19 traumatic stress, anxiety, and safety behavior use: A four-year prospective study. Behav Res Ther 2024; 176:104503. [PMID: 38518395 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Given that emotion regulation difficulties confer risk for poor responses to stress, they may predict who is at risk for adverse psychological reactions to major, chronic stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific adverse reactions to the pandemic may include more severe traumatic stress, anxiety, and excessive safety behavior use (i.e., hand washing). While emotion regulation difficulties may be a diathesis for adverse reactions to chronic stressors, the context(s) by which they may confer elevated risk is unclear. Accordingly, the present longitudinal study examined the interaction between pre-pandemic emotion regulation difficulties and early pandemic perceived stress in predicting subsequent COVID-related traumatic stress, anxiety, and safety behavior use over 32 weeks of the pandemic. Community adults (N = 145) who completed a measure of emotion regulation in 2016 as part of a larger study were recontacted at the start of the pandemic (March 2020) and assessed every two weeks for 32 weeks. Consistent with a diathesis-stress model, the interaction between difficulties in emotion regulation and perceived stress was significant in predicting COVID-19 anxiety (p = 0.003, d = 0.52) such that at high, but not low, levels of perceived stress, difficulties in emotion regulation in 2016 significantly predicted higher COVID-19 anxiety in 2020. The interaction between difficulties in emotion regulation in 2016 and perceived stress early in 2020 approached significance in predicting COVID-19 traumatic stress (p = 0.073, d = 0.31) and safety behavior use (p = 0.069, d = 0.31). These findings highlight that current perceived stress is an important context that potentiates the effects of preexisting emotion regulation difficulties on the emergence of anxiety-related symptoms during COVID-19, which has important implications for diathesis-stress models of adverse reactions to chronic stressors.
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Nisar MI, Ansari N, Amin M, Khalid F, Shahid S, Mahesar M, Mansoor M, Qazi MF, Hotwani A, Rehman N, Ashraf A, Ahmed Z, Ahmed A, Memon A, Jehan F. Secondary attack rates and determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission in Pakistan: A case-ascertained prospective, longitudinal study. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:889-896. [PMID: 38564817 PMCID: PMC11009119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Households are considered ideal settings for studying the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease. METHODS A prospective study was conducted, based on the World Health Organization FFX protocol from October 2020 to January,2021. Household contacts of laboratory-confirmed index cases were followed up for their symptomatic history, nasal swabs for RT-PCR,and blood samples for anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies were collected at enrollment and days 7, 14 and 28. We estimated secondary attack rate (SAR), effective household case cluster size and determinants of secondary infection among susceptible household contacts using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS We enrolled 77 index cases and their 543 contacts. Out of these, 252 contacts were susceptible at the time of enrollment. There were 77 household clusters, out of which, transmission took place in 20 (25.9%) giving rise to 34 cases. The acquired secondary attack rate (SAR) was 14.0% (95% CI 9.0-18.0). The effective household case cluster size was 0.46 (95%CI 0.33,0.56). Reported symptoms of nausea and vomiting (aOR, 7.9; 95% CI, 1.4-45.5) and fatigue (aOR, 9.3; 95% CI, 3.8-22.7) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission. CONCLUSIONS We observed a low SARS-CoV-2 secondary attack rate in the backdrop of high seroprevalence and asymptomatic transmission among households in Karachi, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Nisar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Nadia Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mashal Amin
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farah Khalid
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahira Shahid
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Marvi Mahesar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Mansoor
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Rehman
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaque Ahmed
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Memon
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Keegan SP, Pedersen AB, Fenton A. The impact of within-host coinfection interactions on between-host parasite transmission dynamics varies with spatial scale. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240103. [PMID: 38628126 PMCID: PMC11021925 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Within-host interactions among coinfecting parasites can have major consequences for individual infection risk and disease severity. However, the impact of these within-host interactions on between-host parasite transmission, and the spatial scales over which they occur, remain unknown. We developed and apply a novel spatially explicit analysis to parasite infection data from a wild wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) population. We previously demonstrated a strong within-host negative interaction between two wood mouse gastrointestinal parasites, the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus and the coccidian Eimeria hungaryensis, using drug-treatment experiments. Here, we show this negative within-host interaction can significantly alter the between-host transmission dynamics of E. hungaryensis, but only within spatially restricted neighbourhoods around each host. However, for the closely related species E. apionodes, which experiments show does not interact strongly with H. polygyrus, we did not find any effect on transmission over any spatial scale. Our results demonstrate that the effects of within-host coinfection interactions can ripple out beyond each host to alter the transmission dynamics of the parasites, but only over local scales that likely reflect the spatial dimension of transmission. Hence there may be knock-on consequences of drug treatments impacting the transmission of non-target parasites, altering infection risks even for non-treated individuals in the wider neighbourhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P. Keegan
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Amy B. Pedersen
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Andy Fenton
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Eisen AM, Bratman GN, Olvera-Alvarez HA. Susceptibility to stress and nature exposure: Unveiling differential susceptibility to physical environments; a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301473. [PMID: 38630650 PMCID: PMC11023441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging epidemiological evidence indicates nature exposure could be associated with greater health benefits among groups in lower versus higher socioeconomic positions. One possible mechanism underpinning this evidence is described by our framework: (susceptibility) adults in low socioeconomic positions face higher exposure to persistent psychosocial stressors in early life, inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype as a lifelong susceptibility to stress; (differential susceptibility) susceptible adults are more sensitive to the health risks of adverse (stress-promoting) environments, but also to the health benefits of protective (stress-buffering) environments. OBJECTIVE Experimental investigation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype as a mechanism facilitating greater stress recovery from nature exposure. METHODS We determined differences in stress recovery (via heart rate variability) caused by exposure to a nature or office virtual reality environment (10 min) after an acute stressor among 64 healthy college-age males with varying levels of susceptibility (socioeconomic status, early life stress, and a pro-inflammatory state [inflammatory reactivity and glucocorticoid resistance to an in vitro bacterial challenge]). RESULTS Findings for inflammatory reactivity and glucocorticoid resistance were modest but consistently trended towards better recovery in the nature condition. Differences in recovery were not observed for socioeconomic status or early life stress. DISCUSSION Among healthy college-age males, we observed expected trends according to their differential susceptibility when assessed as inflammatory reactivity and glucocorticoid resistance, suggesting these biological correlates of susceptibility could be more proximal indicators than self-reported assessments of socioeconomic status and early life stress. If future research in more diverse populations aligns with these trends, this could support an alternative conceptualization of susceptibility as increased environmental sensitivity, reflecting heightened responses to adverse, but also protective environments. With this knowledge, future investigators could examine how individual differences in environmental sensitivity could provide an opportunity for those who are the most susceptible to experience the greatest health benefits from nature exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Eisen
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Gregory N. Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Donnelly SC. Early life, biological ageing and subsequent disease susceptibility in later years. QJM 2024; 117:241. [PMID: 38608182 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
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Masoudi M, Torabi P, Judson-Torres RL, Khodarahmi R, Moradi S. Natural resistance to cancer: A window of hope. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1131-1142. [PMID: 37860922 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
As healthcare systems are improving and thereby the life expectancy of human populations is increasing, cancer is representing itself as the second leading cause of death. Although cancer biologists have put enormous effort on cancer research so far, we still have a long way to go before being able to treat cancers efficiently. One interesting approach in cancer biology is to learn from natural resistance and/or predisposition to cancer. Cancer-resistant species and tissues are thought-provoking models whose study shed light on the inherent cancer resistance mechanisms that arose during the course of evolution. On the other hand, there are some syndromes and factors that increase the risk of cancer development, and revealing their underlying mechanisms will increase our knowledge about the process of cancer formation. Here, we review natural resistance and predisposition to cancer and the known mechanisms at play. Further insights from these natural phenomena will help design future cancer research and could ultimately lead to the development of novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Masoudi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Torabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Saavedra LPJ, Piovan S, Moreira VM, Gonçalves GD, Ferreira ARO, Ribeiro MVG, Peres MNC, Almeida DL, Raposo SR, da Silva MC, Barbosa LF, de Freitas Mathias PC. Epigenetic programming for obesity and noncommunicable disease: From womb to tomb. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:309-324. [PMID: 38040983 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies in recent decades have shown the relationship between exposure to stressors during development and health outcomes later in life. The characterization of these susceptible phases, such as preconception, gestation, lactation and adolescence, and the understanding of factors that influence the risk of an adult individual for developing obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, is the focus of the DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) research line. In this sense, advancements in molecular biology techniques have contributed significantly to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypes, their morphological and physiological alterations, having as a main driving factor the epigenetic modifications and their consequent modulation of gene expression. The present narrative review aimed to characterize the different susceptible phases of development and associated epigenetic modifications, and their implication in the development of non-communicable diseases. Additionally, we provide useful insights into interventions during development to counteract or prevent long-term programming for disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Silvano Piovan
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Gessica Dutra Gonçalves
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Rebeka Oliveira Ferreira
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vanusa Guedes Ribeiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Natália Chimirri Peres
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Scarlett Rodrigues Raposo
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Carneiro da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Barbosa
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
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Aharon A, Benedek G, Barhoum B, Parnasa E, Magadle N, Perzon O, Mevorach D. HLA binding-groove motifs are associated with myocarditis induction after Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccination. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14142. [PMID: 38071404 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We found a higher incidence of myocarditis in young males who had received at least two Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccinations. The human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are known to play an important role in infectious and autoinflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that certain HLA alleles might be associated with vaccination-induced myocarditis. METHODS HLA typing was performed using next-generation sequencing technology with the Illumina Iseq100 platform. HLA class I and II loci were genotyped in 29 patients with post-vaccination myocarditis and compared with HLA data from 300 healthy controls. RESULTS We demonstrate that the DRB1*14:01, DRB1*15:03 alleles and the motifs in HLA-A - Leu62 and Gln63, which are part of binding pocket B and HLA-DR Tyr47, His60, Arg70 and Glu74, which are part of binding pockets P4, P7 and P9, were significantly associated with disease susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that immunogenetic fingerprints in HLA peptide-binding grooves may affect the presentation of peptides derived from the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccination to T cells and induce an inflammatory process that results in myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviran Aharon
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gil Benedek
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Tissue Typing and Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barhoum Barhoum
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elchanan Parnasa
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nur Magadle
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Perzon
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Mevorach
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Cohen JS, Howard MB, McDonald EM, Ryan LM. A Call to Action: Addressing Socioeconomic Disparities in Childhood Unintentional Injury Risk. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023063445. [PMID: 38439733 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Beth Howard
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eileen M McDonald
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leticia Manning Ryan
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Risch F, Ludwig-Erdmann C, Hoerauf A, Sager H, Hübner MP. Development of adult Dirofilaria immitis worms in the Rag2/Il-2rγ -/- mouse model. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:195-200. [PMID: 38246406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis is the causative agent for one of the major parasitic infections in dogs. It is currently not possible to reliably diagnose the infection before the development of fertile adult female worms and the presence of microfilariae which takes six to 7 months. However, at this point adult worms already reside in the pulmonary arteries and can cause significant damage. Novel in vivo models may facilitate the development of new diagnostic tools and improve treatment options for both the early and late stages of D. immitis infections. In this paper, we aimed to increase the capabilities of recently published mouse models in which severely immune-deficient mice were shown to be susceptible to D. immitis. Our data shows that D. immitis may grow into fully developed mature male and female worms in C57BL/6 Rag2/Il-2rγ-/- mice with comparable growth rates to the natural canine host. The adult worms of D. immitis were shown to migrate into body cavities as well as the heart in this model. However, the presence of adult worms inside the heart of infected mice led to the development of caval syndrome in 36% of infected mice after five to 6 months. Overall, the current study complements recently published efforts to establish a D. immitis mouse model by extending the development of D. immitis into mature adult stages and will facilitate further preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Risch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz Sager
- Elanco Tiergesundheit AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
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12
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Panza F, Lozupone M, Dibello V. Multidimensional complex frailty phenotypes: epidemiological impact of oral frailty in older age. Eur Geriatr Med 2024; 15:505-507. [PMID: 38411772 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-024-00943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Cesare Frugoni" Internal and Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience "DiBraiN", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Cesare Frugoni" Internal and Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Pham JP, Jepsen R, Frew JW. Comment on Kridin et al.-Considering both relative and absolute risk differences in infection risk between biologics classes in patients with psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e351-e353. [PMID: 37908185 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James P Pham
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Jepsen
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John W Frew
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Pirnia B, Soleimani A, Farhoudian A, Zahiroddin A. A new neural diathesis-stress model of cannabis addiction based on the diurnal cortisol pattern and childhood maltreatment in users. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 94:103953. [PMID: 38350326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Pirnia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Farhoudian
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zahiroddin
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Filipović D, Novak B, Xiao J, Tadić P, Turck CW. Prefrontal cortical synaptoproteome profile combined with machine learning predicts resilience towards chronic social isolation in rats. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:221-228. [PMID: 38412784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic social isolation (CSIS) of rats serves as an animal model of depression and generates CSIS-resilient and CSIS-susceptible phenotypes. We aimed to investigate the prefrontal cortical synaptoproteome profile of CSIS-resilient, CSIS-susceptible, and control rats to delineate biochemical pathways and predictive biomarker proteins characteristic for the resilient phenotype. A sucrose preference test was performed to distinguish rat phenotypes. Class separation and machine learning (ML) algorithms support vector machine with greedy forward search and random forest were then used for discriminating CSIS-resilient from CSIS-susceptible and control rats. CSIS-resilient compared to CSIS-susceptible rat proteome analysis revealed, among other proteins, downregulated glycolysis intermediate fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (Aldoc), and upregulated clathrin heavy chain 1 (Cltc), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (Cam2a), synaptophysin (Syp) and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) that are involved in neuronal transmission, synaptic vesicular trafficking, and fatty acid synthesis. Comparison of CSIS-resilient and control rats identified downregulated mitochondrial proteins ATP synthase subunit beta (Atp5f1b) and citrate synthase (Cs), and upregulated protein kinase C gamma type (Prkcg), vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Slc17a7), and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (Sv2a) involved in signal transduction and synaptic trafficking. The combined protein differences make the rat groups linearly separable, and 100% validation accuracy is achieved by standard ML models. ML algorithms resulted in four panels of discriminative proteins. Proteomics-data-driven class separation and ML algorithms can provide a platform for accessing predictive features and insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic neurotransmission involved in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Filipović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "VINČA", Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Božidar Novak
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jinqiu Xiao
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Predrag Tadić
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China; National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China.
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16
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Obaid JMAS, Al-Gashaa FAS. Bacterial Infection versus Viral Infection Preference of ABO Blood Group Phenotype Patients. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:112-117. [PMID: 38030273 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have established an association between the blood group type and susceptibility to infections. This study aimed to evaluate a correlation between the blood group type and the susceptibility to infection. A total of 558 patients were enrolled in this study who attended at the Althawra Hospital, Ibb City, from March to August 2018. Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count and blood group. We observed a high frequency of infections affecting the digestive system (26.4%), while the least affected system was the urogenital system 5.9%. Patients with A blood group exhibit an increased probability to be infected by viruses than they do for bacteria (odds ratio [OR] = 1.430; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.005 to 2.035; P = 0.05 and OR = 0.098; 95% CI = 0.064 to 0.148; P < 0.0001, respectively). It was observed that blood group A individuals were more susceptible to infection with hepatitis B virus than were the other groups (P = 0.041; OR = 1.704, 95% CI = 1.053-2.773). The liklihood of O blood group patients experiencing urogenital infections was less than that of non-O blood group patients one third (OR = 0.353, 95% CI = 0.158-0.789; P = 0.014). This study corroborates previous findings that demonstrated that certain blood groups are more prone to infection by one agent than are patients with other blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fadhl Ahmed Saeed Al-Gashaa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ibb University, Yemen
- Department of Biology, Al-Farabi University College, Iraq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Baghdad College of Science, Iraq
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17
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Dotov D, Motsenyat A, Trainor LJ. Concurrent Supra-Postural Auditory-Hand Coordination Task Affects Postural Control: Using Sonification to Explore Environmental Unpredictability in Factors Affecting Fall Risk. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1994. [PMID: 38544259 PMCID: PMC10974305 DOI: 10.3390/s24061994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Clinical screening tests for balance and mobility often fall short of predicting fall risk. Cognitive distractors and unpredictable external stimuli, common in busy natural environments, contribute to this risk, especially in older adults. Less is known about the effects of upper sensory-motor coordination, such as coordinating one's hand with an external stimulus. We combined movement sonification and affordable inertial motion sensors to develop a task for the precise measurement and manipulation of full-body interaction with stimuli in the environment. In a double-task design, we studied how a supra-postural activity affected quiet stance. The supra-postural task consisted of rhythmic synchronization with a repetitive auditory stimulus. The stimulus was attentionally demanding because it was being modulated continuously. The participant's hand movement was sonified in real time, and their goal was to synchronize their hand movement with the stimulus. In the unpredictable condition, the tempo changed at random points in the trial. A separate sensor recorded postural fluctuations. Young healthy adults were compared to older adult (OA) participants without known risk of falling. The results supported the hypothesis that supra-postural coordination would entrain postural control. The effect was stronger in OAs, supporting the idea that diminished reserve capacities reduce the ability to isolate postural control from sensory-motor and cognitive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobromir Dotov
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
- Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Ariel Motsenyat
- Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Laurel J. Trainor
- Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
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18
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Vrijmoeth HD, Ursinus J, Botey-Bataller J, Kuijpers Y, Chu X, van de Schoor FR, Scicluna BP, Xu CJ, Netea MG, Kullberg BJ, van den Wijngaard CC, Li Y, Hovius JW, Joosten LAB. Genome-wide analyses in Lyme borreliosis: identification of a genetic variant associated with disease susceptibility and its immunological implications. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:337. [PMID: 38515037 PMCID: PMC10956190 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation underly inter-individual variation in host immune responses to infectious diseases, and may affect susceptibility or the course of signs and symptoms. METHODS We performed genome-wide association studies in a prospective cohort of 1138 patients with physician-confirmed Lyme borreliosis (LB), the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Genome-wide variants in LB patients-divided into a discovery and validation cohort-were compared to two healthy cohorts. Additionally, ex vivo monocyte-derived cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to several stimuli including Borrelia burgdorferi were performed in both LB patient and healthy control samples, as were stimulation experiments using mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. In addition, for LB patients, anti-Borrelia antibody responses were measured. Finally, in a subset of LB patients, gene expression was analysed using RNA-sequencing data from the ex vivo stimulation experiments. RESULTS We identified a previously unknown genetic variant, rs1061632, that was associated with enhanced LB susceptibility. This polymorphism was an eQTL for KCTD20 and ETV7 genes, and its major risk allele was associated with upregulation of the mTOR pathway and cytokine responses, and lower anti-Borrelia antibody production. In addition, we replicated the recently reported SCGB1D2 locus that was suggested to have a protective effect on B. burgdorferi infection, and associated this locus with higher Borrelia burgdorferi antibody indexes and lower IL-10 responses. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility for LB was associated with higher anti-inflammatory responses and reduced anti-Borrelia antibody production, which in turn may negatively impact bacterial clearance. These findings provide important insights into the immunogenetic susceptibility for LB and may guide future studies on development of preventive or therapeutic measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION The LymeProspect study was registered with the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (NTR4998, registration date 2015-02-13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig D Vrijmoeth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine Ursinus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Javier Botey-Bataller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yunus Kuijpers
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Freek R van de Schoor
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Biomedical Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Msida, Malta
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Kullberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Cees C van den Wijngaard
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joppe W Hovius
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
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Jerez J, Santiago M. Unraveling germline predisposition in hematological neoplasms: Navigating complexity in the genomic era. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101143. [PMID: 37989620 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Genomic advancements have yielded pivotal insights into hematological neoplasms, particularly concerning germline predisposition mutations. Following the WHO 2016 revisions, dedicated segments were proposed to address these aspects. Current WHO 2022, ICC 2022, and ELN 2022 classifications recognize their significance, introducing more mutations and prompting integration into clinical practice. Approximately 5-10% of hematological neoplasm patients show germline predisposition gene mutations, rising with risk factors such as personal cancer history and familial antecedents, even in older adults. Nevertheless, technical challenges persist. Optimal DNA samples are skin fibroblast-extracted, although not universally applicable. Alternatives such as hair follicle use are explored. Moreover, the scrutiny of germline genomics mandates judicious test selection to ensure precise and accurate interpretation. Given the significant influence of genetic counseling on patient care and post-assessment procedures, there arises a demand for dedicated centers offering specialized services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Jerez
- Hematology Department, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Chile; Resident of Hematology, Universidad de los Andes, Chile.
| | - Marta Santiago
- Hematology Department, Hospital La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain; Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
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Fu M. Evolutionary analysis of major histocompatibility complex variants in chytrid-resistant and susceptible amphibians. Infect Genet Evol 2024; 118:105544. [PMID: 38216106 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
An amphibian emerging infectious disease (EID), chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), originated in Asia but primarily led to declines and extinctions in amphibian populations outside of Asia. Host major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules exhibit high polymorphism, and the evolution of MHC can be influenced by recombination and pathogens. Previous studies have indicated that host MHC class II is associated with Bd resistance. In this study, I conducted recombination and selection tests on functional MHC IIß1 alleles from an Asian Bd-resistant anuran species (Bufo gargarizans) and an Australasian Bd-susceptible species (Litoria caerulea). Recombination at the same site was identified in both species, supporting the hypothesis that recombination contributes to MHC IIß1 diversity in amphibians. Positive selection was observed in MHC IIß1 alleles in both species. In L. caerulea, at least four amino acid sites were identified under significant positive selection in the MHC IIß1, whereas these sites were either negatively selected or conserved in B. gargarizans. This suggests these sites might be selected for Bd resistance. Hydrophobicity was detected in certain amino acid sites relating to Bd resistance, suggesting this physicochemical property may be a factor selected to counteract Bd infection. These findings of this study provide an evolutionary basis for understanding how amphibian MHC IIß1 may undergo selection in response to chytrid infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Fu
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Obeagu EI, Igwe MC, Obeagu GU. Oxidative stress's impact on red blood cells: Unveiling implications for health and disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37360. [PMID: 38428906 PMCID: PMC10906601 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a condition characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's ability to detoxify them, has emerged as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Red blood cells (RBCs), essential components of the circulatory system, are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage due to their high oxygen-carrying capacity and the abundance of vulnerable biomolecules. This review comprehensively explores the intricate mechanisms underlying oxidative stress-induced damage to red blood cells and the subsequent implications for overall health and disease. We delve into the sources of ROS generation within RBCs, including metabolic processes and external factors, shedding light on the delicate redox balance that governs cellular homeostasis. The impact of oxidative stress on red blood cells extends beyond the confines of their primary physiological role, as these cells actively participate in immune responses, inflammation modulation, and nitric oxide metabolism. Consequently, understanding the implications of oxidative stress on RBCs provides valuable insights into the broader landscape of health and disease. In conclusion, this review underscores the critical role of oxidative stress in influencing red blood cell physiology and its far-reaching implications for human health. Elucidating the molecular intricacies of this relationship not only enhances our understanding of fundamental biological processes but also paves the way for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of oxidative stress on red blood cells and, by extension, on overall health.
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Chittock J, Kay L, Brown K, Cooke A, Lavender T, Cork MJ, Danby SG. Association between skin barrier development and early-onset atopic dermatitis: A longitudinal birth cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:732-741.e8. [PMID: 37926123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is common during infancy; however, it is unclear whether differential skin barrier development defines this period and signals disease onset in predisposed individuals. OBJECTIVE We sought to study (NCT03143504) and assess the feasibility of remote skin testing from birth to monitor skin barrier maturation and model association with an AD diagnosis by age 12 months. METHODS Biophysical testing and infrared spectroscopy were conducted at the maternity ward and family home. Tape stripping collected samples for desquamatory protease and natural moisturizing factor analysis. The 4 common European filaggrin risk alleles were screened. RESULTS A total of 128 infants completed the study, with 20% developing mild disease. Significant changes in permeability barrier function, desquamatory protease activity, and molecular composition assessed spectroscopically were observed longitudinally, but only subtle evidence of differential skin barrier development was noted between infant subgroups. Common filaggrin risk alleles were strongly associated with early-onset disease and conferred a significant reduction in natural moisturizing factor and water content by age 4 weeks. Accounting for a family history of atopy, these parameters alongside a greater lipid/protein ratio and reduced chymotrypsin-like activity at birth were associated with AD. Measured in ambient conditions, transepidermal water loss did not signal disease risk at any stage. CONCLUSIONS Skin barrier dysfunction lacked an acquired modality but was considered proportional to cohort severity and suggests that a portfolio of tests used in a community setting has the potential to improve current AD risk evaluations from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chittock
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Linda Kay
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Brown
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Cooke
- Centre for NMAHP Research and Education Excellence, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Royal Stoke University Hospital and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Lavender
- Centre for Childbirth, Women's and Newborn Health, Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Cork
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology Clinic, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon G Danby
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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23
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Devriese M, Rouquie J, Da Silva S, Benassaya N, Maillard L, Dewez M, Caillat-Zucman S, Werner G, Taupin JL. Single locus HLA sequencing with the nanopore technology for HLA disease association diagnosis. HLA 2024; 103:e15424. [PMID: 38516926 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Associations between HLA genotype and disease susceptibility encompass almost all the classic HLA loci. The level of typing resolution enabling a correct identification of an HLA disease susceptibility gene depends on the disease itself and/or on the accumulated knowledge about the molecular involvement of the HLA allele(s) engaged. Therefore, the application of Next Generation Sequencing technologies to HLA disease association, which would improve typing resolution, could prove useful to better understand disease severity. In the present study, we tested a nanopore sequencing approach developed by Omixon Biocomputing Ltd, dedicated to on-demand locus typing for HLA and disease, as an alternative to the conventional widely used sequence specific oligoprobe (SSO) approach. A total of 145 DNA samples used in routine diagnosis by SSO were retrospectively analyzed with nanopore technology, for HLA-A*02 immunotherapy decision for A*29, B*27, B*51, B*57 identification in class I, and DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 for bullous dermatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and celiac disease requests in class II. Each locus was typed in a separate experiment, except for DQB1 and DQA1, which were analyzed together. Concordance between typings reached 100% for all the loci tested. Ambiguities by nanopore were only found for missing exon coverage. This approach was found to be very well adapted to the routine flow imposed by the SSO technique. This study illustrates the use of the new NanoTYPE MONO kit for single locus HLA sequencing for HLA and disease association diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Devriese
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Rouquie
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Sephora Da Silva
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Benassaya
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Maillard
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Dewez
- Omixon Biocomputing Ltd. H-1117 Budapest, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Sophie Caillat-Zucman
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Werner
- Omixon Biocomputing Ltd. H-1117 Budapest, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Jean-Luc Taupin
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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24
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Kahhaleh FG, Barrientos G, Conrad ML. The gut-lung axis and asthma susceptibility in early life. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14092. [PMID: 38251788 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children, with more than 300 million cases worldwide. Over the past several decades, asthma incidence has grown, and epidemiological studies identify the modernized lifestyle as playing a strong contributing role in this phenomenon. In particular, lifestyle factors that modify the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy, or the infant microbiome in early life, can act as developmental programming events which determine health or disease susceptibility later in life. Microbial colonization of the gut begins at birth, and factors such as delivery mode, breastfeeding, diet, antibiotic use, and exposure to environmental bacteria influence the development of the infant microbiome. Colonization of the gut microbiome is crucial for proper immune system development and disruptions to this process can predispose a child to asthma development. Here, we describe the importance of early-life events for shaping immune responses along the gut-lung axis and why they may provide a window of opportunity for asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariz G Kahhaleh
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melanie L Conrad
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Zuckerman G, Kamke K, Sabado-Liwag M, Pérez-Stable EJ, El-Toukhy S. Noncigarette Tobacco Product Use Among Smoking-Susceptible and Nonsusceptible Adolescent Never Smokers, 2009-2021. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:466-478. [PMID: 38099902 PMCID: PMC10872544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine trends in noncigarette tobacco use among smoking susceptible and nonsusceptible adolescents from 2009-2021. METHODS Data came from cross-sectional samples of the National Youth Tobacco Survey (N = 183,198). Using Pierce's smoking susceptibility scale, participants were classified as either susceptible or nonsusceptible to cigarette smoking. Their use of noncigarette tobacco products was classified into four mutually exclusive categories: nonuse, noncigarette combustibles use, noncombustibles use, and noncigarette combustibles and noncombustibles dual use. We produced covariate-adjusted predicted marginal proportions of noncigarette tobacco use for 12 National Youth Tobacco Survey years, which were entered into Joinpoint trend analysis software to determine (a) trends in noncigarette tobacco use from 2009-2021 using the average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and (b) changes in each time segment using the average percent change. Models were fitted by smoking susceptibility, sex, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Nonuse was lower among susceptible (vs. nonsusceptible) adolescents whereas noncigarette tobacco use was higher. Trends show significant declines in nonuse (nonsusceptible: AAPC = -0.3%) and noncigarette combustibles use (susceptible: AAPC = -12%) between 2009-2021, increases in noncombustibles use (susceptible: AAPC = 18%, nonsusceptible: AAPC = 19%) between 2009 and 2019, and steadiness in dual use. Parallel trends were observed when stratified by sex and race/ethnicity with notable increases in noncombustibles use among females and Latinos. DISCUSSION Noncigarette tobacco use differed by smoking susceptibility. Observed trends, especially when stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, raise concerns about tobacco use disparities among females and Latinos. Smoking susceptibility can help identify at-risk adolescents for current or future tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Zuckerman
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kristyn Kamke
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Melanie Sabado-Liwag
- Department of Public Health, California State University-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sherine El-Toukhy
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.
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26
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Hou Y, Bidkhori H. Multi-feature SEIR model for epidemic analysis and vaccine prioritization. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298932. [PMID: 38427619 PMCID: PMC10906911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered) model has become a valuable tool for studying infectious disease dynamics and predicting the spread of diseases, particularly concerning the COVID pandemic. However, existing models often oversimplify population characteristics and fail to account for differences in disease sensitivity and social contact rates that can vary significantly among individuals. To address these limitations, we have developed a new multi-feature SEIR model that considers the heterogeneity of health conditions (disease sensitivity) and social activity levels (contact rates) among populations affected by infectious diseases. Our model has been validated using the data of the confirmed COVID cases in Allegheny County (Pennsylvania, USA) and Hamilton County (Ohio, USA). The results demonstrate that our model outperforms traditional SEIR models regarding predictive accuracy. In addition, we have used our multi-feature SEIR model to propose and evaluate different vaccine prioritization strategies tailored to the characteristics of heterogeneous populations. We have formulated optimization problems to determine effective vaccine distribution strategies. We have designed extensive numerical simulations to compare vaccine distribution strategies in different scenarios. Overall, our multi-feature SEIR model enhances the existing models and provides a more accurate picture of disease dynamics. It can help to inform public health interventions during pandemics/epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Hou
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hoda Bidkhori
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
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27
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Zhang X, Li Z, Gao L. Stability analysis of a SAIR epidemic model on scale-free community networks. Math Biosci Eng 2024; 21:4648-4668. [PMID: 38549343 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The presence of asymptomatic carriers, often unrecognized as infectious disease vectors, complicates epidemic management, particularly when inter-community migrations are involved. We introduced a SAIR (susceptible-asymptomatic-infected-recovered) infectious disease model within a network framework to explore the dynamics of disease transmission amid asymptomatic carriers. This model facilitated an in-depth analysis of outbreak control strategies in scenarios with active community migrations. Key contributions included determining the basic reproduction number, $ R_0 $, and analyzing two equilibrium states. Local asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium is confirmed through characteristic equation analysis, while its global asymptotic stability is investigated using the decomposition theorem. Additionally, the global stability of the endemic equilibrium is established using the Lyapunov functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lixin Gao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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28
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Dorfman B, Marcos-Hadad E, Tadmor-Levi R, David L. Disease resistance and infectivity of virus susceptible and resistant common carp strains. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4677. [PMID: 38409362 PMCID: PMC10897132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases challenge health and welfare of humans and animals. Unlike for humans, breeding of genetically resistant animals is a sustainable solution, also providing unique research opportunities. Chances to survive a disease are improved by disease resistance, but depend also on chances to get infected and infect others. Considerable knowledge exists on chances of susceptible and resistant animals to survive a disease, yet, almost none on their infectivity and if and how resistance and infectivity correlate. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is widely produced in aquaculture, suffering significantly from a disease caused by cyprinid herpes virus type 3 (CyHV-3). Here, the infectivity of disease-resistant and susceptible fish types was tested by playing roles of shedders (infecting) and cohabitants (infected) in all four type-role combinations. Resistant shedders restricted spleen viral load and survived more than susceptible ones. However, mortality of susceptible cohabitants infected by resistant shedders was lower than that of resistant cohabitants infected by susceptible shedders. Virus levels in water were lower in tanks with resistant shedders leading to lower spleen viral loads in cohabitants. Thus, we empirically demonstrated that disease resistant fish survive better and infect less, with implications to epidemiology in general and to the benefit of aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batya Dorfman
- Department of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Evgeniya Marcos-Hadad
- Department of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roni Tadmor-Levi
- Department of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior David
- Department of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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29
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Mantilla Valdivieso EF, Ross EM, Raza A, Nguyen L, Hayes BJ, Jonsson NN, James P, Tabor AE. Expression network analysis of bovine skin infested with Rhipicephalus australis identifies pro-inflammatory genes contributing to tick susceptibility. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4419. [PMID: 38388834 PMCID: PMC10884027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is the primary feeding site of ticks that infest livestock animals such as cattle. The highly specialised functions of skin at the molecular level may be a factor contributing to variation in susceptibility to tick infestation; but these remain to be well defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the bovine skin transcriptomic profiles of tick-naïve and tick-infested cattle and to uncover the gene expression networks that influence contrasting phenotypes of host resistance to ticks. RNA-Seq data was obtained from skin of Brangus cattle with high (n = 5) and low (n = 6) host resistance at 0 and 12 weeks following artificial tick challenge with Rhipicephalus australis larvae. No differentially expressed genes were detected pre-infestation between high and low resistance groups, but at 12-weeks there were 229 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; FDR < 0.05), of which 212 were the target of at least 1866 transcription factors (TFs) expressed in skin. Regulatory impact factor (RIF) analysis identified 158 significant TFs (P < 0.05) of which GRHL3, and DTX1 were also DEGs in the experiment. Gene term enrichment showed the significant TFs and DEGs were enriched in processes related to immune response and biological pathways related to host response to infectious diseases. Interferon Type 1-stimulated genes, including MX2, ISG15, MX1, OAS2 were upregulated in low host resistance steers after repeated tick challenge, suggesting dysregulated wound healing and chronic inflammatory skin processes contributing to host susceptibility to ticks. The present study provides an assessment of the bovine skin transcriptome before and after repeated tick challenge and shows that the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes is a prominent feature in the skin of tick-susceptible animals. In addition, the identification of transcription factors with high regulatory impact provides insights into the potentially meaningful gene-gene interactions involved in the variation of phenotypes of bovine host resistance to ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Mantilla Valdivieso
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Ross
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ali Raza
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Loan Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ben J Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Peter James
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ala E Tabor
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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30
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Xv Z, Chen S, Song G, Hu H, Lin S, Long Y. Biochemical, histological and transcriptomic analyses for the immunological organs provide insights into heat stress-induced disease susceptibility in Largemouth Bass. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168758. [PMID: 38008328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture of Largemouth Bass (LMB, Micropterus salmoides), an economically important species, is badly affected by the outbreak of bacterial diseases in summer. However, the mechanisms underlying heat-induced disease susceptibility remain largely unknown. In this study, after exposure to 34 °C for 1, 7 and 14 d, the head kidney, spleen and blood of LMB were sampled for biochemical and histological assays to explore the effects of heat exposure on the oxidative and immunological indices. Compared to the controls maintained at 28 °C, chronic heat exposure (34 °C for 14 d) induced oxidative stress, caused cell apoptosis and decreased expression of the immunological genes in the head kidney and spleen tissues; and attenuated the blood immunological indices. Consistent with the impaired immunological functions, chronic heat exposure predisposed LMB to Aeromonas hydrophila infection and significantly (p < 0.001) increased tissue bacterial load. Furthermore, the effects of chronic heat exposure (heat), A. hydrophila infection (infection) and heat exposure followed by A. hydrophila infection (heat + infection) on gene expression in the head kidney and spleen of LMB were characterized by RNA sequencing. The results indicated that chronic heat exposure facilitated the bacteria-elicited changes in expression of the genes involved in a couple of metabolic and signaling pathways in both tissues. Upon heat + infection, the pathways involved in energy production and nutrients biosynthesis were enhanced, whereas those associated with the host cell functions such as cell-cell interactions and cell signaling were depressed. Our data provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying heat-induced disease susceptibility in LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Xv
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shaoxiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guili Song
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Han Hu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shimei Lin
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Long
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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31
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Lu X, Chen B, Xu D, Hu W, Wang X, Dai Y, Wang Q, Peng Y, Chen K, Zhao D, Wang H. Epigenetic programming mediates abnormal gut microbiota and disease susceptibility in offspring with prenatal dexamethasone exposure. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101398. [PMID: 38301654 PMCID: PMC10897547 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) can lead to increased susceptibility to various diseases in adult offspring, but its effect on gut microbiota composition and the relationship with disease susceptibility remains unclear. In this study, we find sex-differential changes in the gut microbiota of 6-month-old infants with prenatal dexamethasone therapy (PDT) that persisted in female infants up to 2.5 years of age with altered bile acid metabolism. PDE female offspring rats show abnormal colonization and composition of gut microbiota and increased susceptibility to cholestatic liver injury. The aberrant gut microbiota colonization in the PDE offspring can be attributed to the inhibited Muc2 expression caused by decreased CDX2 expression before and after birth. Integrating animal and cell experiments, we further confirm that dexamethasone could inhibit Muc2 expression by activating GR/HDAC11 signaling and regulating CDX2 epigenetic modification. This study interprets abnormal gut microbiota and disease susceptibility in PDT offspring from intrauterine intestinal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Beidi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Digital Health, and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kaiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Digital Health, and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
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32
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Walter A, Gandon S, Lion S. Effect of unequal vaccination coverage and migration on long-term pathogen evolution in a metapopulation. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:189-200. [PMID: 38300809 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide inequalities in vaccine availability are expected to affect the spread and spatial distribution of infectious diseases. It is unclear, however, how spatial variation in vaccination coverage can affect the long-term evolution of pathogens. Here we use an analytical model and numerical simulations to analyse the influence of different imperfect vaccines on the potential evolution of pathogen virulence in a two-population model where vaccination coverage varies between populations. We focus on four vaccines, with different modes of action on the life cycle of a pathogen infecting two host populations coupled by migration. We show that, for vaccines that reduce infection risk or transmissibility, spatial heterogeneity has little effect on pathogen prevalence and host mortality, and no effect on the evolution of pathogen virulence. In contrast, vaccines that reduce pathogen virulence can select for more virulent pathogens and may lead to the coexistence of different pathogen strains, depending on the degree of spatial heterogeneity in the metapopulation. This heterogeneity is driven by two parameters: pathogen migration and the difference in the vaccination rate between the two populations. We show that vaccines that only reduce pathogen virulence select mainly for a single pathogen strategy in the long term, while vaccines that reduce both transmission and virulence can favor the coexistence of two pathogen genotypes. We discuss the implications and potential extensions of our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Walter
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Gandon
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Lion
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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33
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Ricci S, Sarli WM, Lodi L, Canessa C, Lippi F, Dini D, Ferrari M, Pisano L, Sieni E, Indolfi G, Resti M, Azzari C. HLH as an additional warning sign of inborn errors of immunity beyond familial-HLH in children: a systematic review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1282804. [PMID: 38415256 PMCID: PMC10896843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1282804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening condition characterized by a severe impairment of the immune homeostasis. While Familial-HLH (FHL) is a known cause, the involvement of other Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) in pediatric-HLH remains understudied. Objective This systematic review aimed to assess the clinical features, triggers, laboratory data, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric HLH patients with IEI other than FHL (IEInotFHL), emphasizing the importance of accurate identification and management. Methods A systematic search for studies meeting inclusion criteria was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central. Quality assessment was performed through JBI criteria. Results A comprehensive search yielded 108 records meeting inclusion criteria, involving 178 patients. We identified 46 different IEI according to IUIS 2022 Classification. Combined immunodeficiencies, immune dysregulation disorders, and phagocyte defects were the IEI most frequently associated with HLH. In 75% of cases, HLH preceded the IEI diagnosis, often with an unrecognized history of severe infections. Triggers reflected the specific infection susceptibilities within IEI groups. Liver and central nervous system involvement were less common than in FHL cases. Treatment approaches and outcomes varied, with limited long-term follow-up data, limiting the assessment of therapeutic efficacy across IEI groups. Conclusion A comprehensive evaluation encompassing immunological, infectious, and genetic aspects is essential in pediatric-HLH. Relying solely on FHL or EBV susceptibility disorders tests is insufficient, as diverse other IEI can contribute to HLH. Early recognition of HLH as a potential warning sign can guide timely diagnostic investigations and facilitate tailored therapeutic interventions for improved outcomes. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=371425, PROSPERO, CRD42022371425.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ricci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Immunology Division, Section of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Walter Maria Sarli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Immunology Division, Section of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lodi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Immunology Division, Section of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Clementina Canessa
- Immunology Division, Section of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Lippi
- Immunology Division, Section of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Donata Dini
- Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrari
- Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Pisano
- Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Sieni
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Resti
- Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Azzari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Immunology Division, Section of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
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Skinner MK. Epigenetic biomarkers for disease susceptibility and preventative medicine. Cell Metab 2024; 36:263-277. [PMID: 38176413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of molecular biomarkers for disease makes it possible for preventative medicine approaches to be considered. Therefore, therapeutics, treatments, or clinical management can be used to delay or prevent disease development. The problem with genetic mutations as biomarkers is the low frequency with genome-wide association studies (GWASs), generally at best a 1% association of the patients with the disease. In contrast, epigenetic alterations have a high-frequency association of greater than 90%-95% of individuals with pathology in epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs). A wide variety of human diseases have been shown to have epigenetic biomarkers that are disease specific and that detect pathology susceptibility. This review is focused on the epigenetic biomarkers for disease susceptibility, and it distinct from the large literature on epigenetics of disease etiology or progression. The development of efficient epigenetic biomarkers for disease susceptibility will facilitate a paradigm shift from reactionary medicine to preventative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
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Namisy A, Chen SY, Huang JH, Unartngam J, Thanarut C, Chung WH. Histopathology and quantification of green fluorescent protein-tagged Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. luffae isolate in resistant and susceptible Luffa germplasm. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0312723. [PMID: 38174927 PMCID: PMC10846128 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03127-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. luffae (Folu) is a severe plant pathogen that causes vascular wilt and root rot in Luffa plants worldwide. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged isolate of Folu (Fomh16-GFP) was utilized to investigate the infection progress and colonization of Fomh16-GFP in resistant (LA140) and susceptible (LA100) Luffa genotypes. Seven days post-inoculation (dpi), it was observed that Fomh16-GFP had successfully invaded and colonized the vascular bundle of all LA100 parts, including the roots, hypocotyl, and stem. Pathogen colonization continued to increase over time, leading to the complete wilting of plants by 14-17 dpi. In LA140, the Fomh16-GFP isolate colonized the roots and hypocotyl vascular system at 7 dpi. Nevertheless, this colonization was restricted in the hypocotyl and decreased significantly, and no fungal growth was detected in the vascular system at 21 dpi. Thus, the resistant genotype might trigger a robust defense mechanism. In addition, while the pathogen was present in LA140, the inoculated plants did not exhibit any symptoms until 28 dpi. Quantitative PCR was utilized to measure the Fomh16-GFP biomass in various parts of LA100 and LA140 at different time points. The findings indicated a positive correlation between the quantity of Fomh16-GFP DNA and disease development in LA100. Alternatively, a high amount of Fomh16-GFP DNA was identified in the roots of LA140. Nonetheless, no significant correlations were found between DNA amount and disease progression in LA140. Aqueous extracts from LA140 significantly reduced Fomh16-GFP spore germination, while no significant reduction was detected using LA100 extracts.IMPORTANCEFusarium wilt of Luffa, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. luffae (Folu), causes great losses in Luffa plants worldwide. This study used a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged isolate of Folu (Fomh16-GFP) to investigate the infection progress and colonization dynamics of Fomh16-GFP in the resistant and susceptible Luffa genotypes, which could be important in understanding the resistance mechanism of Folu in Luffa plants. In addition, our work highlights the correlations between DNA amount and disease progression in resistant plants using real-time PCR. We observed a positive correlation between the quantity of Fomh16-GFP DNA and disease progression in LA100, while no significant correlation was found in LA140. These results could be valuable to further investigate the resistance mechanism of Luffa genotypes against Folu. Gaining a better understanding of the interaction between Folu and Luffa plants is crucial for effectively managing Fusarium wilt and enhancing resistance in Luffa rootstock and its varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Namisy
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yun Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hsing Huang
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jintana Unartngam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chinnapan Thanarut
- Faculty of Agriculture Production, Division of Pomology Maejo University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wen-Hsin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Master Program for Plant Medicine and Agricultural Practice, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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James SA, White AH, Kahn FF, Mushtaq N, Chen S, Beebe LA. Susceptibility to e-cigarette use and associated factors in high school youth, Oklahoma Youth Tobacco Survey, 2021-2022. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1348926. [PMID: 38362222 PMCID: PMC10867248 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1348926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Susceptibility predicts subsequent uptake of e-cigarettes (EC) by youth. This study identified factors associated with EC susceptibility among high school students who have never used a tobacco/nicotine product. Methods The Oklahoma Youth Tobacco Survey was administered to a random sample of 36 Oklahoma High Schools during the 2021-2022 school year (n = 1,220 participating students). Associations between EC susceptibility and covariates were identified using stepwise logistic regression for weighted survey data. Results More than one third of Oklahoma high school students who had never used tobacco or nicotine products (36.4%) were susceptible, and males had higher susceptibility than females (38.8 and 33.9%, respectively). In males, EC susceptibility was associated with race (Black, American Indian, and other were less susceptible), psychological distress (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1, 4.8), disagreement that all tobacco products are dangerous (aOR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.2, 7.9), and perception of little/no harm from secondhand vapor (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.1, 5.3). In females, identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.9), poor academic performance (aOR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.6, 12.6), psychological distress (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2, 5.5) and interacting with EC content on social media (aOR = 5.9, 95% CI = 1.9, 18.1) were associated with EC susceptibility. Conclusion Males and females had different patterns of susceptibility to EC use. Understanding groups of adolescents most susceptible to using nicotine products can help target prevention efforts at home, in schools, and within communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley A. James
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ashley H. White
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Fahad F. Kahn
- Oklahoma State Department of Health, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Nasir Mushtaq
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sixia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Laura A. Beebe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Calvillo DP, León A, Rutchick AM. Personality and misinformation. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 55:101752. [PMID: 38065004 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Misinformation poses a significant concern, promoting false beliefs and eroding trust in media. People differ in their susceptibility to believe and to share misinformation. In this article, we reviewed recent research on relationships between personality traits and belief in and sharing of misinformation. Findings show that more extroverted and less conscientious and agreeable people tend to be more susceptible to believing in and sharing misinformation. Additionally, the Dark Triad personality traits of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism tend to be positively associated with sharing of misinformation, and narcissism and psychopathy are associated with greater belief in misinformation. Understanding these individual differences can inform interventions to reduce the effects of misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex León
- Psychology Department, California State University San Marcos, USA
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Pundlik S, Luo G. Investigation of Population-Based Fall Risk in Eye Diseases. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:106-107. [PMID: 38153723 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrinivas Pundlik
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Gang Luo
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Paul KC, Cockburn M, Gong Y, Bronstein J, Ritz B. Agricultural paraquat dichloride use and Parkinson's disease in California's Central Valley. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae004. [PMID: 38309714 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat dichloride is currently among the most widely used commercial herbicides in the USA. In the present study, we provide epidemiological assessment of ambient paraquat exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk in a population-based study of PD in agricultural regions of Central California. METHODS Based on 829 PD patients and 824 community controls, we assessed associations between ambient paraquat dichloride exposure and PD. We estimated residential and workplace proximity to commercial agricultural applications in three California counties since 1974 using the CA pesticide use reporting (PUR) data and land use maps. We evaluated any, duration and average intensity [pounds (0.45 kilograms) per acre per year] of exposure for paraquat in four time windows. RESULTS Ambient paraquat exposure assessed at both residence and workplace was associated with PD, based on several different exposure measures. The PD patients both lived and worked near agricultural facilities applying greater amounts of the herbicide than community controls. For workplace proximity to commercial applications since 1974, working near paraquat applications every year in the window [odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.46, 3.19] and a higher average intensity of exposure [per 10 pounds (4.54 kilograms), OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.31, 3.38] were both associated with an increased odds of PD. Similar associations were observed for residential proximity (duration: OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.30, 2.83; average intensity: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.99, 3.04). Risk estimates were comparable for men and women, and the strongest odds were observed for those diagnosed at ≤60 years of age. CONCLUSION This study provides further indication that paraquat dichloride exposure increases the risk of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yufan Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Parsons TL, Bolker BM, Dushoff J, Earn DJD. The probability of epidemic burnout in the stochastic SIR model with vital dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313708120. [PMID: 38277438 PMCID: PMC10835029 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313708120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We present an approach to computing the probability of epidemic "burnout," i.e., the probability that a newly emergent pathogen will go extinct after a major epidemic. Our analysis is based on the standard stochastic formulation of the Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) epidemic model including host demography (births and deaths) and corresponds to the standard SIR ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in the infinite population limit. Exploiting a boundary layer approximation to the ODEs and a birth-death process approximation to the stochastic dynamics within the boundary layer, we derive convenient, fully analytical approximations for the burnout probability. We demonstrate-by comparing with computationally demanding individual-based stochastic simulations and with semi-analytical approximations derived previously-that our fully analytical approximations are highly accurate for biologically plausible parameters. We show that the probability of burnout always decreases with increased mean infectious period. However, for typical biological parameters, there is a relevant local minimum in the probability of persistence as a function of the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text]. For the shortest infectious periods, persistence is least likely if [Formula: see text]; for longer infectious periods, the minimum point decreases to [Formula: see text]. For typical acute immunizing infections in human populations of realistic size, our analysis of the SIR model shows that burnout is almost certain in a well-mixed population, implying that susceptible recruitment through births is insufficient on its own to explain disease persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L. Parsons
- Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et Modélisation, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8001, Paris75005, France
| | - Benjamin M. Bolker
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jonathan Dushoff
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4K1, Canada
| | - David J. D. Earn
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4K1, Canada
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Mittal R, Camick N, Lemos JRN, Hirani K. Gene-environment interaction in the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1335435. [PMID: 38344660 PMCID: PMC10858453 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1335435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex metabolic autoimmune disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide and often leads to significant comorbidities. However, the precise trigger of autoimmunity and disease onset remain incompletely elucidated. This integrative perspective article synthesizes the cumulative role of gene-environment interaction in the pathophysiology of T1D. Genetics plays a significant role in T1D susceptibility, particularly at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus and cathepsin H (CTSH) locus. In addition to genetics, environmental factors such as viral infections, pesticide exposure, and changes in the gut microbiome have been associated with the development of T1D. Alterations in the gut microbiome impact mucosal integrity and immune tolerance, increasing gut permeability through molecular mimicry and modulation of the gut immune system, thereby increasing the risk of T1D potentially through the induction of autoimmunity. HLA class II haplotypes with known effects on T1D incidence may directly correlate to changes in the gut microbiome, but precisely how the genes influence changes in the gut microbiome, and how these changes provoke T1D, requires further investigations. These gene-environment interactions are hypothesized to increase susceptibility to T1D through epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modification, which in turn modify gene expression. There is a need to determine the efficacy of new interventions that target these epigenetic modifications such as "epidrugs", which will provide novel avenues for the effective management of T1D leading to improved quality of life of affected individuals and their families/caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nathanael Camick
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joana R. N. Lemos
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Khemraj Hirani
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Lu G, Chen W, Lu Y, Yu Q, Gao L, Xin S, Zhou G. Association of ABO blood group, Rh phenotype and MN blood group with susceptibility to COVID-19. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296917. [PMID: 38241306 PMCID: PMC10798469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is related to ABO blood group, but the relationship with Rh phenotype and MN blood group is unknown. China had adopted a strict control policy on COVID-19 until December 5, 2022, when local communities were liberalized. Therefore, we aimed to explore the correlation between ABO blood group, Rh phenotype, MN blood group and susceptibility to COVID-19 based on the time sequence of infection during the pandemic. METHODS A total of 870 patients who were routinely hospitalized in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from March 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023 were randomly selected to enroll in this study. Patients were divided into susceptible group and non-susceptible group, according to the time of their previous infection. The demographics and clinical information of the enrolled participants were collected from electronic medical records. The association of ABO blood group, Rh phenotype and MN blood group with susceptibility to COVID-19 was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 650 cases (74.7%) had been infected with COVID-19, with 157 cases (18.0%) in the second week and 252 cases (29.0%) in the third week, reaching the peak of infection. Compared with the non-susceptible group, the susceptible group had no statistically significant differences in ABO blood group and Rh phenotype, but the proportion of N+ was higher (75.6% vs 68.9%, P = 0.030) and the proportion of MM was lower (24.4% vs 31.1%, P = 0.030). Consistent with this, ABO blood group and Rh phenotype were not significantly associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 (P>0.05), while N+ and MM were associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR: 1.432, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.049, 1.954, P = 0.024; OR: 0.698, 95% CI: 0.512, 0.953, P = 0.024, respectively), after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, basic disease, and vaccination status in multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION Our study showed that ABO blood group and Rh phenotype may not be related to the susceptibility to COVID-19, but MN blood group may be associated with the susceptibility to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genjie Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangfang Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shijun Xin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guanbao Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Zhou N, Zhao Q, Li R, Cheng R, Wu Q, Cheng J, Chen Y. Mutation in mitral valve prolapse susceptible gene DCHS1 causes familial mitral annular disjunction. J Med Genet 2024; 61:125-131. [PMID: 37399314 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is an under-recognised phenotype associated with severe ventricular arrhythmias. Limited knowledge has been gained on its molecular genesis. METHODS A total of 150 unrelated deceased Chinese were collected for whole-exome sequencing, with analysis focusing on a panel of 118 genes associated with 'abnormal mitral valve morphology'. Cases were prespecified as 'longitudinally extensive MAD (LE-MAD)' or 'longitudinally less-extensive MAD (LLE-MAD)' according to the gross disjunctional length with a cut-off of 4.0 mm. The pedigree investigation was conducted on a case carrying an ultra-rare (minor allele frequency <0.1%) deleterious variant in DCHS1. RESULTS Seventy-seven ultra-rare deleterious variants were finally identified. Exclusively, 12 ultra-rare deleterious variants distributed in nine genes occurred in LE-MAD, which were ANK1, COL3A1, DCHS1, FBN2, GNPTAB, LZTR1, PLD1, RYR1 and VPS13B. Ultra-rare deleterious variants in those nine genes were predominantly distributed in LE-MAD compared with LLE-MAD (28% vs 5%, OR 7.30, 95% CI 2.33 to 23.38; p<0.001), and the only gene related to LE-MAD with borderline significance was DCHS1. LE-MAD was consistently observed in a sizeable Chinese family, in which LE-MAD independently co-segregated with an ultra-rare deleterious variant in DCHS1, rs145429962. CONCLUSION This study initially proposed that isolated LE-MAD might be a particular phenotype of MAD with a complex genetic predisposition. Deleterious variants in DCHS1 might be associated with the morphogenesis of LE-MAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianhao Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruofei Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuping Wu
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianding Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Guo J, He WB, Dai L, Tian F, Luo Z, Shen F, Tu M, Zheng Y, Zhao L, Tan C, Guo Y, Meng LL, Liu W, Deng M, Wu X, Peng Y, Zhang S, Lu GX, Lin G, Wang H, Tan YQ, Yang Y. Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome with tetraploid, and predisposition to male infertility triggered by mutant CEP192. HGG Adv 2024; 5:100256. [PMID: 37981762 PMCID: PMC10716027 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report on mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome with tetraploidy and predisposition to infertility in a family. Sequencing analysis identified that the CEP192 biallelic variants (c.1912C>T, p.His638Tyr and c.5750A>G, p.Asn1917Ser) segregated with microcephaly, short stature, limb-extremity dysplasia, and reduced testicular size, while CEP192 monoallelic variants segregated with infertility and/or reduced testicular size in the family. In 1,264 unrelated patients, variant screening for CEP192 identified a same variant (c.5750A>G, p.Asn1917Ser) and other variants significantly associated with infertility. Two lines of Cep192 mice model that are equivalent to human variants were generated. Embryos with Cep192 biallelic variants arrested at E7 because of cell apoptosis mediated by MVA/tetraploidy cell acumination. Mice with heterozygous variants replicated the predisposition to male infertility. Mouse primary embryonic fibroblasts with Cep192 biallelic variants cultured in vitro showed abnormal morphology, mitotic arresting, and disruption of spindle formation. In patient epithelial cells with biallelic variants cultured in vitro, the number of cells arrested during the prophase increased because of the failure of spindle formation. Accordingly, we present mutant CEP192, which is a link for the MVA syndrome with tetraploidy and the predisposition to male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Bin He
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Tian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenqing Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Tu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongteng Guo
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan-Lan Meng
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinghan Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuju Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang-Xiu Lu
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yongjia Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Medical School & Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Auwerx C, Jõeloo M, Sadler MC, Tesio N, Ojavee S, Clark CJ, Mägi R, Reymond A, Kutalik Z. Rare copy-number variants as modulators of common disease susceptibility. Genome Med 2024; 16:5. [PMID: 38185688 PMCID: PMC10773105 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy-number variations (CNVs) have been associated with rare and debilitating genomic disorders (GDs) but their impact on health later in life in the general population remains poorly described. METHODS Assessing four modes of CNV action, we performed genome-wide association scans (GWASs) between the copy-number of CNV-proxy probes and 60 curated ICD-10 based clinical diagnoses in 331,522 unrelated white British UK Biobank (UKBB) participants with replication in the Estonian Biobank. RESULTS We identified 73 signals involving 40 diseases, all of which indicating that CNVs increased disease risk and caused earlier onset. We estimated that 16% of these associations are indirect, acting by increasing body mass index (BMI). Signals mapped to 45 unique, non-overlapping regions, nine of which being linked to known GDs. Number and identity of genes affected by CNVs modulated their pathogenicity, with many associations being supported by colocalization with both common and rare single-nucleotide variant association signals. Dissection of association signals provided insights into the epidemiology of known gene-disease pairs (e.g., deletions in BRCA1 and LDLR increased risk for ovarian cancer and ischemic heart disease, respectively), clarified dosage mechanisms of action (e.g., both increased and decreased dosage of 17q12 impacted renal health), and identified putative causal genes (e.g., ABCC6 for kidney stones). Characterization of the pleiotropic pathological consequences of recurrent CNVs at 15q13, 16p13.11, 16p12.2, and 22q11.2 in adulthood indicated variable expressivity of these regions and the involvement of multiple genes. Finally, we show that while the total burden of rare CNVs-and especially deletions-strongly associated with disease risk, it only accounted for ~ 0.02% of the UKBB disease burden. These associations are mainly driven by CNVs at known GD CNV regions, whose pleiotropic effect on common diseases was broader than anticipated by our CNV-GWAS. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed light on the prominent role of rare CNVs in determining common disease susceptibility within the general population and provide actionable insights for anticipating later-onset comorbidities in carriers of recurrent CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Auwerx
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maarja Jõeloo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marie C Sadler
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Tesio
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Ojavee
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlie J Clark
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kahn R, Feikin DR, Wiegand RE, Lipsitch M. EXAMINING BIAS FROM DIFFERENTIAL DEPLETION OF SUSCEPTIBLES IN VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS ESTIMATES IN SETTINGS OF WANING. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:232-234. [PMID: 37771045 PMCID: PMC10773472 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kahn
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel R Feikin
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ryan E Wiegand
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Marc Lipsitch
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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47
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Lai DZ, Gog JR. Waning immunity can drive repeated waves of infections. Math Biosci Eng 2024; 21:1979-2003. [PMID: 38454671 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In infectious disease models, it is known that mechanisms such as births, seasonality in transmission and pathogen evolution can generate oscillations in infection numbers. We show how waning immunity is also a mechanism that is sufficient on its own to enable sustained oscillations. When previously infected or vaccinated individuals lose full protective immunity, they become partially susceptible to reinfections. This partial immunity subsequently wanes over time, making individuals more susceptible to reinfections and potentially more infectious if infected. Losses of full and partial immunity lead to a surge in infections, which is the precursor of oscillations. We present a discrete-time Susceptible-Infectious-Immune-Waned-Infectious (SIRWY) model that features the waning of fully immune individuals (as a distribution of time at which individuals lose fully immunity) and the gradual loss of partial immunity (as increases in susceptibility and potential infectiousness over time). A special case of SIRWY is the discrete-time SIRS model with geometric distributions for waning and recovery. Its continuous-time analogue is the classic SIRS with exponential distributions, which does not produce sustained oscillations for any choice of parameters. We show that the discrete-time version can produce sustained oscillations and that the oscillatory regime disappears as discrete-time tends to continuous-time. A different special case of SIRWY is one with fixed times for waning and recovery. We show that this simpler model can also produce sustained oscillations. In conclusion, under certain feature and parameter choices relating to how exactly immunity wanes, fluctuations in infection numbers can be sustained without the need for any additional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Z Lai
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia R Gog
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Joint UNIversities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research (JUNIPER) Consortium, United Kingdom
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48
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Peters L, Venkatachalam A, Ben-Neriah Y. Tissue-Predisposition to Cancer Driver Mutations. Cells 2024; 13:106. [PMID: 38247798 PMCID: PMC10814991 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Driver mutations are considered the cornerstone of cancer initiation. They are defined as mutations that convey a competitive fitness advantage, and hence, their mutation frequency in premalignant tissue is expected to exceed the basal mutation rate. In old terms, that translates to "the survival of the fittest" and implies that a selective process underlies the frequency of cancer driver mutations. In that sense, each tissue is its own niche that creates a molecular selective pressure that may favor the propagation of a mutation or not. At the heart of this stands one of the biggest riddles in cancer biology: the tissue-predisposition to cancer driver mutations. The frequency of cancer driver mutations among tissues is non-uniform: for instance, mutations in APC are particularly frequent in colorectal cancer, and 99% of chronic myeloid leukemia patients harbor the driver BCR-ABL1 fusion mutation, which is rarely found in solid tumors. Here, we provide a mechanistic framework that aims to explain how tissue-specific features, ranging from epigenetic underpinnings to the expression of viral transposable elements, establish a molecular basis for selecting cancer driver mutations in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research (IMRIC), The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.P.); (A.V.)
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49
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Li H, Wu S, Li J, Xiong Z, Yang K, Ye W, Ren J, Wang Q, Xiong M, Zheng Z, Zhang S, Han Z, Yang P, Jiang B, Ping J, Zuo Y, Lu X, Zhai Q, Yan H, Wang S, Ma S, Zhang B, Ye J, Qu J, Yang YG, Zhang F, Liu GH, Bao Y, Zhang W. HALL: a comprehensive database for human aging and longevity studies. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D909-D918. [PMID: 37870433 PMCID: PMC10767887 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse individuals age at different rates and display variable susceptibilities to tissue aging, functional decline and aging-related diseases. Centenarians, exemplifying extreme longevity, serve as models for healthy aging. The field of human aging and longevity research is rapidly advancing, garnering significant attention and accumulating substantial data in recent years. Omics technologies, encompassing phenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics, have provided multidimensional insights and revolutionized cohort-based investigations into human aging and longevity. Accumulated data, covering diverse cells, tissues and cohorts across the lifespan necessitates the establishment of an open and integrated database. Addressing this, we established the Human Aging and Longevity Landscape (HALL), a comprehensive multi-omics repository encompassing a diverse spectrum of human cohorts, spanning from young adults to centenarians. The core objective of HALL is to foster healthy aging by offering an extensive repository of information on biomarkers that gauge the trajectory of human aging. Moreover, the database facilitates the development of diagnostic tools for aging-related conditions and empowers targeted interventions to enhance longevity. HALL is publicly available at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/hall/index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- National Genomics Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Medical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Weidong Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Beijing 100101, China
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 324000, China
| | - Jie Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muzhao Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zikai Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zichu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beier Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiale Ping
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuesheng Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaocheng Zhai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haoteng Yan
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinlin Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 324000, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiming Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- National Genomics Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
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50
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Lau W, Ali A, Maude H, Andrew T, Swallow DM, Maniatis N. The hazards of genotype imputation when mapping disease susceptibility variants. Genome Biol 2024; 25:7. [PMID: 38172955 PMCID: PMC10763476 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost-free increase in statistical power of using imputation to infer missing genotypes is undoubtedly appealing, but is it hazard-free? This case study of three type-2 diabetes (T2D) loci demonstrates that it is not; it sheds light on why this is so and raises concerns as to the shortcomings of imputation at disease loci, where haplotypes differ between cases and reference panel. RESULTS T2D-associated variants were previously identified using targeted sequencing. We removed these significantly associated SNPs and used neighbouring SNPs to infer them by imputation. We compared imputed with observed genotypes, examined the altered pattern of T2D-SNP association, and investigated the cause of imputation errors by studying haplotype structure. Most T2D variants were incorrectly imputed with a low density of scaffold SNPs, but the majority failed to impute even at high density, despite obtaining high certainty scores. Missing and discordant imputation errors, which were observed disproportionately for the risk alleles, produced monomorphic genotype calls or false-negative associations. We show that haplotypes carrying risk alleles are considerably more common in the T2D cases than the reference panel, for all loci. CONCLUSIONS Imputation is not a panacea for fine mapping, nor for meta-analysing multiple GWAS based on different arrays and different populations. A total of 80% of the SNPs we have tested are not included in array platforms, explaining why these and other such associated variants may previously have been missed. Regardless of the choice of software and reference haplotypes, imputation drives genotype inference towards the reference panel, introducing errors at disease loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Lau
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aminah Ali
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Maude
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, London, UK
| | - Toby Andrew
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, London, UK
| | - Dallas M Swallow
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolas Maniatis
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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