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Vrijmoeth HD, Ursinus J, Botey-Bataller J, Kuijpers Y, Chu X, van de Schoor FR, Scicluna BP, Xu CJ, Netea MG, Kullberg BJ, van den Wijngaard CC, Li Y, Hovius JW, Joosten LAB. Genome-wide analyses in Lyme borreliosis: identification of a genetic variant associated with disease susceptibility and its immunological implications. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:337. [PMID: 38515037 PMCID: PMC10956190 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation underly inter-individual variation in host immune responses to infectious diseases, and may affect susceptibility or the course of signs and symptoms. METHODS We performed genome-wide association studies in a prospective cohort of 1138 patients with physician-confirmed Lyme borreliosis (LB), the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Genome-wide variants in LB patients-divided into a discovery and validation cohort-were compared to two healthy cohorts. Additionally, ex vivo monocyte-derived cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to several stimuli including Borrelia burgdorferi were performed in both LB patient and healthy control samples, as were stimulation experiments using mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. In addition, for LB patients, anti-Borrelia antibody responses were measured. Finally, in a subset of LB patients, gene expression was analysed using RNA-sequencing data from the ex vivo stimulation experiments. RESULTS We identified a previously unknown genetic variant, rs1061632, that was associated with enhanced LB susceptibility. This polymorphism was an eQTL for KCTD20 and ETV7 genes, and its major risk allele was associated with upregulation of the mTOR pathway and cytokine responses, and lower anti-Borrelia antibody production. In addition, we replicated the recently reported SCGB1D2 locus that was suggested to have a protective effect on B. burgdorferi infection, and associated this locus with higher Borrelia burgdorferi antibody indexes and lower IL-10 responses. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility for LB was associated with higher anti-inflammatory responses and reduced anti-Borrelia antibody production, which in turn may negatively impact bacterial clearance. These findings provide important insights into the immunogenetic susceptibility for LB and may guide future studies on development of preventive or therapeutic measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION The LymeProspect study was registered with the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (NTR4998, registration date 2015-02-13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig D Vrijmoeth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine Ursinus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Javier Botey-Bataller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yunus Kuijpers
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Freek R van de Schoor
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Biomedical Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Msida, Malta
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Kullberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Cees C van den Wijngaard
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joppe W Hovius
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
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Röring RJ, Debisarun PA, Botey-Bataller J, Suen TK, Bulut Ö, Kilic G, Koeken VA, Sarlea A, Bahrar H, Dijkstra H, Lemmers H, Gössling KL, Rüchel N, Ostermann PN, Müller L, Schaal H, Adams O, Borkhardt A, Ariyurek Y, de Meijer EJ, Kloet SL, ten Oever J, Placek K, Li Y, Netea MG. MMR vaccination induces trained immunity via functional and metabolic reprogramming of γδ T cells. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170848. [PMID: 38290093 PMCID: PMC10977989 DOI: 10.1172/jci170848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine protects against all-cause mortality in children, but the immunological mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly known. We systematically investigated whether MMR can induce long-term functional changes in innate immune cells, a process termed trained immunity, that could at least partially mediate this heterologous protection. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 39 healthy adults received either the MMR vaccine or a placebo. Using single-cell RNA-Seq, we found that MMR caused transcriptomic changes in CD14+ monocytes and NK cells, but most profoundly in γδ T cells. Monocyte function was not altered by MMR vaccination. In contrast, the function of γδ T cells was markedly enhanced by MMR vaccination, with higher production of TNF and IFN-γ, as well as upregulation of cellular metabolic pathways. In conclusion, we describe a trained immunity program characterized by modulation of γδ T cell function induced by MMR vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger J. Röring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Priya A. Debisarun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Javier Botey-Bataller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tsz Kin Suen
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Özlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Valerie A.C.M. Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrei Sarlea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
| | - Harsh Bahrar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Helga Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Nadine Rüchel
- Department for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Philipp N. Ostermann
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Yavuz Ariyurek
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Emile J. de Meijer
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Susan L. Kloet
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jaap ten Oever
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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