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Miyahara S, Takahashi H, Akita H, Sasaki K, Mukai Y, Iwagami Y, Hasegawa S, Yamada D, Tomimaru Y, Noda T, Wada H, Kobayashi S, Doki Y, Eguchi H. Prognostic Significance of Biologic Factors in Patients with a Modest Radiologic Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment for Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancers: Impact of the Combination Index of Sialyl-Lewis Antigen-Related Tumor Markers. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2932-2942. [PMID: 38368291 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-14945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate re-evaluation after neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) is important for optimal treatment selection. Nonetheless, determining the operative eligibility of patients with a modest radiologic response remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of biologic factors for patients showing a modest radiologic response to NAT and investigate the tumor markers (TMs), CA19-9 alone, DUPAN-II alone, and their combination, to create an index that combines these sialyl-Lewis antigen-related TMs associated with treatment outcomes. METHODS This study enrolled patients deemed to have a "stable disease" by RECIST classification with slight progression (tumor size increase rate, ≤20%) as their radiologic response after NAT. A sialyl-Lewis-related index (sLe index), calculated by adding one fourth of the serum DUPAN-II value to the CA19-9 value, was created. The prognostic significances of CA19-9, DUPAN-II, and the sLe index were assessed in relation to postoperative outcomes. RESULTS An sLe index lower than the cutoff value (45.25) was significantly associated with favorable disease-free survival. Moreover, the post-NAT sLe index had a higher area under the curve value for recurrence within 24 months than the post-NAT levels of CA19-9 or DUPAN-II alone. Multivariable analysis showed that a post-NAT sLe index higher than 45.25 was the single independent predictive factor for recurrence within 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Additional evaluation of biologic factors can potentially enhance patient selection, particularly for patients showing a limited radiologic response to NAT. The authors' index is a simple indicator for the biologic evaluation of multiple combined sialyl-Lewis antigen-related TMs and may offer a better predictive significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Miyahara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Xie H, Xie Z, Luan F, Zeng J, Zhang X, Chen L, Zeng N, Liu R. Potential therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine in postpartum depression: Mechanisms and future directions. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 324:117785. [PMID: 38262525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common psychiatric disorder in women after childbirth. Per data from epidemiologic studies, PPD affects about 5%-26.32% of postpartum mothers worldwide. Biological factors underlying this condition are multiple and complex and have received extensive inquiries for the roles they play in PPD. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), which is widely used as a complementary and alternative therapy for neurological disorders, possesses multi-component, multi-target, multi-access, and low side effect therapeutic characteristics. CHM has already shown efficacy in the treatment of PPD, and a lot more research exploring the mechanisms of its potential therapeutic effects is being conducted. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms of PPD, as well as samples the progress made in researching the potential role of CHM in treating the disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature was searched comprehensively in scholarly electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI and WanFang DATA, using the search terms "postpartum depression", "genetic", "hormone", "immune", "neuroinflammation", "inflammation", "neurotransmitter", "neurogenesis", "brain-gut axis", "traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "herb", and an assorted combination of these terms. RESULTS PPD is closely associated with genetics, as well as with the hormones, immune inflammatory, and neurotransmitter systems, neurogenesis, and gut microbes, and these biological factors often interact and work together to cause PPD. For example, inflammatory factors could suppress the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inducing the regulation of tryptophan-kynurenine in the direction of neurotoxicity. Many CHM constituents improve anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by interfering with the above-mentioned mechanisms and have shown decent efficacy clinically against PPD. For example, Shen-Qi-Jie-Yu-Fang invigorates the neuroendocrine system by boosting the hormone levels of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axes, regulating the imbalance of Treg/T-helper cells (Th) 17 and Th1/Th2, and modulating neurotransmitter system to play antidepressant roles. The Shenguiren Mixture interferes with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway to enhance the number, morphology and apoptosis of neurons in the hippocampus of PPD rats. Other herbal extracts and active ingredients of CHM, such as Paeoniflorin, hypericin, timosaponin B-III and more, also manage depression by remedying the neuroendocrine system and reducing neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of PPD is complex and diverse, with the main pathogenesis not clear. Still, CHM constituents, like Shen-Qi-Jie-Yu-Fang, the Shenguiren Mixture, Paeoniflorin, hypericin and other Chinese Medicinal Formulae, active monomers and Crude extracts, treats PPD through multifaceted interventions. Therefore, developing more CHM components for the treatment of PPD is an essential step forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, PR China.
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Xiumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, PR China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
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Predictors of response to treatment with biologics in people with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:e55. [PMID: 38630931 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
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Li Q, Tsoi LC. Biologic survival: a novel approach for drug efficacy estimation in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:612-613. [PMID: 38174815 PMCID: PMC11023616 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinmengge Li
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Biostatistics
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Biostatistics
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yang J, Isaka T, Kikuchi K, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Ishikawa T. Bacterial accumulation in intestinal folds induced by physical and biological factors. BMC Biol 2024; 22:76. [PMID: 38581018 PMCID: PMC10998401 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota, vital for host health, influences metabolism, immune function, and development. Understanding the dynamic processes of bacterial accumulation within the gut is crucial, as it is closely related to immune responses, antibiotic resistance, and colorectal cancer. We investigated Escherichia coli behavior and distribution in zebrafish larval intestines, focusing on the gut microenvironment. RESULTS We discovered that E. coli spread was considerably suppressed within the intestinal folds, leading to a strong physical accumulation in the folds. Moreover, a higher concentration of E. coli on the dorsal side than on the ventral side was observed. Our in vitro microfluidic experiments and theoretical analysis revealed that the overall distribution of E. coli in the intestines was established by a combination of physical factor and bacterial taxis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide valuable insight into how the intestinal microenvironment affects bacterial motility and accumulation, enhancing our understanding of the behavioral and ecological dynamics of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Toma Isaka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kenji Kikuchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Keiko Numayama-Tsuruta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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Verardi F, Maul LV, Borsky K, Steinmann S, Rosset N, Pons HO, Sorbe C, Yawalkar N, Micheroli R, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP, Heidemeyer K, Boehncke WH, Conrad C, Cozzio A, Pinter A, Kündig T, Navarini AA, Maul JT. Sex differences in adverse events from systemic treatments for psoriasis: A decade of insights from the Swiss Psoriasis Registry (SDNTT). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:719-731. [PMID: 38084852 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a disease that often requires prolonged systemic treatment. It is important to determine the safety of available therapies. There is currently little insight into sex-specific differences in the safety of systemic psoriasis therapies. OBJECTIVES To examine the real-world, long-term safety of systemic psoriasis therapies with sex stratification in drug-related adverse events (ADRs). METHODS Ten-year data from adults with moderate-to-severe psoriasis requiring systemic treatment (conventional systemic therapies [CST], biologics) were obtained from the Swiss psoriasis registry (SDNTT). ADRs were categorized according to the international terminology Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Safety was assessed by calculating event rates per 100 patient-years (PY). We used descriptive statistics for patient and disease characteristics, and binomial and t-tests to compare treatment groups and sex. RESULTS In total, 791 patients (290 females) were included with a mean age of 46 years. 358 (45%) received CSTs and 433 (55%) biologics; both groups had similar baseline characteristics except for more joint involvement in patients using biologics (26.86% vs. 14.8%, p < 0.0001). CSTs were associated with a 2.2-fold higher ADR rate (40.43/100 PY vs. 18.22/100 PY, p < 0.0001) and an 8.0-fold higher drug-related discontinuation rate than biologics (0.16/PY vs. 0.02/PY, p < 0.0001). Trends showed non-significant higher serious adverse event rates per 100 PY for biologics (8.19, CI 6.87-9.68) compared to CSTs (7.08, CI 5.39-9.13) (p = 0.3922). Sex stratification revealed a significantly higher overall ADR rate for all treatments in females (1.8-fold for CSTs [57.30/100 PY vs. 31.69/100 PY] and 2.0-fold for biologics [27.36/100 PY vs. 13.9/100 PY], p < 0.0001), and drug-related discontinuation rates for most CSTs in females. CONCLUSION Females were associated with a significantly higher rate of ADRs and drug-related discontinuation rates. Sex stratification should be taken into consideration when designing studies in the patient-tailored management of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Verardi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lara Valeska Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kim Borsky
- Oxford School of Surgery, Oxford Business Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Simona Steinmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Rosset
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christina Sorbe
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikhil Yawalkar
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Micheroli
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Egeberg
- Department of Dermato-Venereology and Wound Healing Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermato-Venereology and Wound Healing Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Heidemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Curdin Conrad
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Cozzio
- Clinic of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pinter
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia-Tatjana Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Yamaguchi K, Nakajima K, Goto Y. [New Development in Amyloidosis Research Based on Supersaturation: Biological Factors to Induce/Inhibit the Amyloid Fibril Formation]. Brain Nerve 2024; 76:391-397. [PMID: 38589283 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation is a general property of proteins and peptides. It is a physicochemical phenomenon similar to crystallization, in which amyloid precursor proteins exceeding solubility precipitate through the breakdown of supersaturation. Using the ultrasonication-forced amyloid fibril inducer HANABI, we have discovered that serum albumin acts as an inhibitor in dialysis-related amyloidosis. Exploring the factors that induce or inhibit amyloid fibril formation using HANABI can lead to the development of early diagnosis and prevention methods for amyloidosis.
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Pham JP, Jepsen R, Frew JW. Comment on Kridin et al.-Considering both relative and absolute risk differences in infection risk between biologics classes in patients with psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e351-e353. [PMID: 37908185 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James P Pham
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Jepsen
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John W Frew
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Toplu SA, Altunisik N. Comment on 'Immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in patients with psoriasis undergoing treatment with biologics'. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:394. [PMID: 37966357 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nihal Altunisik
- Department of Dermatology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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10
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Dulai PS, Singh S, Jairath V, Wong E, Narula N. Integrating Evidence to Guide Use of Biologics and Small Molecules for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:396-408.e2. [PMID: 37949249 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in science have led to the development of multiple biologics and small molecules for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). This growth in advanced medical therapies has been accompanied by an increase in methodological innovation to study and compare therapies. Guidelines provide an evidence-based approach to integrating therapies into routine practice, but they are often unable to provide timely recommendations as new therapies come to market, and they have limited incorporation of real-world evidence when making recommendations. This limits the scope and usability of guidelines, and a gap remains in defining how best to position and integrate advanced medical therapies for IBD. In this review, we provide a framework for clinicians and researchers to understand key differences in sources of evidence, how different methodologies are applied to study the comparative effectiveness of advanced medical therapies in IBD, and considerations for how these sources of evidence can be used to better integrate current guideline recommendations. Over time, we anticipate this framework will allow for a transition to living guidelines and/or practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parambir S Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neeraj Narula
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Chehrehgosha M, Sharifi A, Meftah AM, Maleki H, Sajjadi-Jazi SM, Baharifar H, Khoshnevisan K, Sharifi F. Demographic and biological factors in interrelationships between physical, cognitive, psychological, and social frailty in community-dwelling older adults: Data from the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS). Maturitas 2024; 181:107905. [PMID: 38237276 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Complex interrelationships may exist among different types of frailty. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic and biological factors that influence the different types of frailty in community-dwelling older adults in Iran through a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study. This study is an ongoing cohort study of people aged 60 years and over and employed a multistage stratified cluster random sampling. Anthropometric measures were obtained by nurses. The "Fried frailty phenotype" was defined as physical frailty. Cognitive frailty was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Social frailty was evaluated by some questions, and psychological frailty was assessed using a patient health questionnaire. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata12 (Texas, USA) and Python. Some type of frailty had been experienced by 62.27 % of the older adults. Cognitive frailty was the dominant type of frailty (55.69 %). Based on multivariate regression analysis, age, sex, education, and marital status were the influencing factors in all types of frailty. Network analysis revealed that physical, cognitive, psychological, and social frailty had synergistic effects on each other, and age and sex had dominant interactions with frailty types. Cognitive frailty was dominant compared with other types of frailty, indicating the need to detect cognitive frailty at the earliest stage and to implement an appropriate program to manage cognitive frailty in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chehrehgosha
- Department of Surgical Technology, Paramedical School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran; Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi
- Master of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Maleki
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Hadi Baharifar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Khoshnevisan
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713137, Iran.
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12
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Patel R, Negassa A, Tolu SS, Acuna-Villaorduna A, Goel S. Effectiveness of Biologic Agents Among Hispanic Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2024; 23:14-21.e1. [PMID: 37919185 PMCID: PMC10922547 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized clinical trials have defined the survival advantage with the addition of biologic drugs to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Under representation of Hispanics contributes to poorly defined outcomes in this group. We aim to determine whether the real-world benefit of biologics extends to Hispanics using a comparative effectiveness research approach. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all treatment centers contributing to SEER registry with available claims in the SEER-Medicare linked database (2001-2011) and 2 hospitals (2004-2016) catering to minorities. Metastatic CRC patients were classified as receiving chemotherapy or biochemotherapy (CT plus biologics; if initiated within 3 months of chemotherapy). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) among the Hispanic patients calculated from time of administration of first dose of chemotherapy to death or last follow-up. A weighted Cox regression model was used to assess differences in survival. RESULTS We identified 182 Hispanic patients with mCRC from the Patient Entitlement and Diagnosis Summary (PEDSF) file (n = 101) and hospital database (n = 81). Overall, 52% were women and 72% received biologics. The median OS was 11.3 and 17.0 months in chemotherapy and biochemotherapy group, respectively. Biochemotherapy offered a survival benefit compared with chemotherapy alone, with an average hazard rate reduction of 39% (95% CI 6%-60%, p = .0236) using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based analysis. CONCLUSION In this cohort of Hispanic patients with mCRC, biochemotherapy was associated with longer survival. Clinicians may offer biochemotherapy therapy to all patients regardless of race/ethnicity to maximize clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Patel
- Department of Medical Oncology, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Abdissa Negassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Seda S Tolu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ana Acuna-Villaorduna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.
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13
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Feng K, Russo M, Maini L, Kesselheim AS, Rome BN. Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs for Biologic Drugs After Biosimilar Competition. JAMA Health Forum 2024; 5:e235429. [PMID: 38551589 PMCID: PMC10980968 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.5429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Biologic drugs account for a growing share of US pharmaceutical spending. Competition from follow-on biosimilar products (subsequent versions that have no clinically meaningful differences from the original biologic) has led to modest reductions in US health care spending, but these savings may not translate to lower out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for patients. Objective To investigate whether biosimilar competition is associated with lower OOP spending for patients using biologics. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used a national commercial claims database (Optum Clinformatics Data Mart) to identify outpatient claims for 1 of 7 clinician-administered biologics (filgrastim, infliximab, pegfilgrastim, epoetin alfa, bevacizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab) from January 2009 through March 2022. Claims by commercially insured patients younger than 65 years were included. Exposure Year relative to first biosimilar availability and use of original or biosimilar version. Main Outcomes and Measures Patients' annual OOP spending on biologics for each calendar year was determined, and OOP spending per claim between reference biologic and biosimilar versions was compared. Two-part regression models assessed for differences in OOP spending, adjusting for patient and clinical characteristics (age, sex, US Census region, health plan type, diagnosis, and place of service) and year relative to initial biosimilar entry. Results Over 1.7 million claims from 190 364 individuals (median [IQR] age, 53 [42-59] years; 58.3% females) who used at least 1 of the 7 biologics between 2009 and 2022 were included in the analysis. Over 251 566 patient-years of observation, annual OOP costs increased before and after biosimilar availability. Two years after the start of biosimilar competition, the adjusted odds ratio of nonzero annual OOP spending was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04-1.12; P < .001) and average nonzero annual spending was 12% higher (95% CI, 10%-14%; P < .001) compared with the year before biosimilar competition. After biosimilars became available, claims for biosimilars were more likely than reference biologics to have nonzero OOP costs (adjusted odds ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.11-1.16]; P < .001) but had 8% lower mean nonzero OOP costs (adjusted mean ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.90-0.93; P < .001). Findings varied by drug. Conclusions and Relevance Findings of this cohort study suggest that biosimilar competition was not consistently associated with lower OOP costs for commercially insured outpatients, highlighting the need for targeted policy interventions to ensure that the savings generated from biosimilar competition translate into increased affordability for patients who need biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Feng
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimiliano Russo
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luca Maini
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron S. Kesselheim
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin N. Rome
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Jung H, Kim SR, Cho SI, Jo SJ. Reduced economic disparity in biologics use for psoriasis after introducing the reducing copayment program. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4139. [PMID: 38374130 PMCID: PMC10876659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Biologics for psoriasis are efficient and safe, but very expensive. We investigated the association of the reducing copayment program (RCP) with changes in biologics use patterns depending on the income levels of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. This nationwide cohort study included patients identified as having moderate-to-severe psoriasis between 2014 and 2020. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio for the use of biologics according to income levels. Among 57,139 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, 3464 (6.1%) used biologics for psoriasis from 2014 to 2020. After the introduction of RCP in 2017, the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis using biologics rapidly increased from 5.0% in 2016 to 19.2% in 2020; the increase was more remarkable in patients with the lowest or mid-low income compared to those with Medical Aid. Drug survival of biologics was higher in patients with the highest income before the RCP, but became comparable between those with high and low incomes after RCP introduction. The introduction of RCP was associated with an increased use of biologics in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis of all income levels; however, the effect was more pronounced in low-income patients. The RCP may contribute to alleviating the disparity in access to biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Jung
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Education and Human Resource Developement, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Rae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Seong Jin Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Alabas OA, Yiu ZZN. A sprinkle of methotrexate to go with biologics: a safe recipe? Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:302-303. [PMID: 38170214 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Oras A Alabas
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
| | - Zenas Z N Yiu
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
- Dermatology Department, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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16
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Seoane-Vazquez E, Rodriguez-Monguio R, Powers JH. Analysis of US Food and Drug Administration new drug and biologic approvals, regulatory pathways, and review times, 1980-2022. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3325. [PMID: 38336899 PMCID: PMC10858128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
U.S. laws enacted since 1983 have aimed to enhance the development and marketing of new pharmaceutical products. We thoroughly characterized all new molecular entities, therapeutic biologics, and gene and cell therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) during the period 1980-2022 in the context of these laws and regulations. Throughout the study period, the FDA approved 1355 new pharmaceutical products. The median FDA review time decreased from 26.6 months prior to the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (1992), which authorized the FDA to collect fees from drug companies to 9.9 months after the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (2012), which created new designations that eliminated the requirement for evidence of added therapeutic benefit for FDA expedited drug review. The greatest increase in approvals occurred in antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs, biologics, and orphan drugs. More than half of new drug approvals benefited from regulatory designations and pathways that did not require addressing unmet medical needs or demonstrating therapeutic benefit over available alternatives. The legislative goal of bringing more drugs to the market faster has been achieved. Further studies are needed to determine the therapeutic value to patients of new drugs approved using expedited approval pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Seoane-Vazquez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Economic and Policy, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Medication Outcomes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - John H Powers
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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17
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Clark CR, Khalil RA. Regulation of vascular angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptor and angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR signaling in normal and hypertensive pregnancy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115963. [PMID: 38061417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Normal pregnancy (Norm-Preg) is associated with a slight reduction in blood pressure (BP) and decreased BP response to vasoconstrictor stimuli such as angiotensin II (Ang II), although the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is upregulated. Preeclampsia (PE) is a complication of pregnancy manifested as hypertension-in-pregnancy (HTN-Preg), and dysregulation of angiotensin biosynthesis and signaling have been implicated. Ang II activates vascular Ang II type-1 receptor (AT1R) and Ang II type-2 receptor (AT2R), while angiotensin-(1-7) promotes Ang-(1-7)/MasR signaling. The role of AT1R in vasoconstriction and the activated cellular mechanisms are well-characterized. The sensitivity of vascular AT1R to Ang II and consequent activation of vasoconstrictor mechanisms decrease during Norm-Preg, but dramatically increase in HTN-Preg. Placental ischemia in late pregnancy could also initiate the release of AT1R agonistic autoantibodies (AT1AA) with significant impact on endothelial dysfunction and activation of contraction pathways in vascular smooth muscle including [Ca2+]c and protein kinase C. On the other hand, the role of AT2R and Ang-(1-7)/MasR in vascular relaxation, particularly during Norm-Preg and PE, is less clear. During Norm-Preg, increases in the expression/activity of vascular AT2R and Ang-(1-7)/MasR promote the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factors such as nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor leading to generalized vasodilation. Aortic segments of Preg rats show prominent endothelial AT2R staining and increased relaxation and NO production in response to AT2R agonist CGP42112A, and treatment with AT2R antagonist PD123319 enhances phenylephrine-induced contraction. Decreased vascular AT2R and Ang-(1-7)/MasR expression and receptor-mediated mechanisms of vascular relaxation have been suggested in HTN-Preg animal models, but their role in human PE needs further testing. Changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) have been observed in COVID-19 patients, and whether ACE2 influences the course of COVID-19 viral infection/immunity in Norm-Preg and PE is an intriguing area for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Clark
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Lugner M, Rawshani A, Helleryd E, Eliasson B. Identifying top ten predictors of type 2 diabetes through machine learning analysis of UK Biobank data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2102. [PMID: 38267466 PMCID: PMC10808323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the most predictive factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Using an XGboost classification model, we projected type 2 diabetes incidence over a 10-year horizon. We deliberately minimized the selection of baseline factors to fully exploit the rich dataset from the UK Biobank. The predictive value of features was assessed using shap values, with model performance evaluated via Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve, sensitivity, and specificity. Data from the UK Biobank, encompassing a vast population with comprehensive demographic and health data, was employed. The study enrolled 450,000 participants aged 40-69, excluding those with pre-existing diabetes. Among 448,277 participants, 12,148 developed type 2 diabetes within a decade. HbA1c emerged as the foremost predictor, followed by BMI, waist circumference, blood glucose, family history of diabetes, gamma-glutamyl transferase, waist-hip ratio, HDL cholesterol, age, and urate. Our XGboost model achieved a Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve of 0.9 for 10-year type 2 diabetes prediction, with a reduced 10-feature model achieving 0.88. Easily measurable biological factors surpassed traditional risk factors like diet, physical activity, and socioeconomic status in predicting type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, high prediction accuracy could be maintained using just the top 10 biological factors, with additional ones offering marginal improvements. These findings underscore the significance of biological markers in type 2 diabetes prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moa Lugner
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Araz Rawshani
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edvin Helleryd
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Eliasson
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Schnitzler F, Tillack-Schreiber C, Szokodi D, Braun I, Tomelden J, Sohn M, Bader F, Waggershauser C, Ochsenkühn T. Safety of perioperative treatment with biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing bowel surgery: Experience from a large urban center. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290887. [PMID: 38236926 PMCID: PMC10796016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Risks of peri- and postoperative complications after bowel surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving biologics are still discussed controversially. We therefore addressed the safety of different biologics that were applied in our IBD center before surgery. METHODS Data of IBD patients who underwent bowel resections between 2012 and 2022 at our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Exposure to biologics was defined by receiving biologics within 12 weeks before resective abdominal surgery. Safety considerations included minor complications, such as infections and wound healing disorders and major complications, e.g., anastomotic insufficiency or abscess formation. RESULTS A total of 447 IBD patients (334 with Crohn's disease, 113 with ulcerative colitis), 51.9% female, were included and followed for a median follow-up of 45 months [range 0-113]. A total of 73.9% (326/447) were undergoing medical treatment at date of surgery, 61.5% (275/447) were treated with biologics within 3 months and 42.3% (189/447) within 4 weeks before surgery. Most surgeries (97.1%) were planned electively and 67.8% were performed laparoscopically. Major and minor complications occurred in 20.8% (93/447) of patients. Serious complications were rare: Six patients had acute postoperative bleeding, one CD patient developed peritonitis and two CD patients died postoperatively. After adjusting for age, disease duration, disease activity, Montreal classification, and medical treatment at date of surgery, no significant differences were observed regarding complications and exposure to biologics. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective single center study of 447 IBD patients goes to demonstrate that perioperative use of biologics is not associated with a higher risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schnitzler
- Department of Medicine II—Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Praxisklinik München-Pasing, Munich, Germany
- Synesis IBD Research Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Tillack-Schreiber
- Department of Medicine II—Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- IBD-Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - June Tomelden
- Department of Surgery, Isarklinikum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Bader
- Department of Surgery, Isarklinikum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze Waggershauser
- Department of Medicine II—Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- IBD-Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ochsenkühn
- Department of Medicine II—Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Synesis IBD Research Center, Munich, Germany
- IBD-Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Kuligowski J, Pérez-Rubio Á, Moreno-Torres M, Soluyanova P, Pérez-Rojas J, Rienda I, Pérez-Guaita D, Pareja E, Trullenque-Juan R, Castell JV, Verheijen M, Caiment F, Jover R, Quintás G. Cluster-Partial Least Squares (c-PLS) regression analysis: Application to miRNA and metabolomic data. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1286:342052. [PMID: 38049234 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedicine and biological research frequently involve analyzing large datasets generated by high-throughput technologies like genomics, transcriptomics, miRNomics, and metabolomics. Pathway analysis is a common computational approach used to understand the impact of experimental conditions, phenotypes, or interventions on biological pathways and networks. This involves statistical analysis of omic data to identify differentially expressed variables and mapping them onto predefined pathways. Analyzing such datasets often requires multivariate techniques to extract meaningful insights such as Partial Least Squares (PLS). Variable selection strategies like interval-PLS (iPLS) help improve understanding and predictive performance by identifying informative variables or intervals. However, iPLS is suboptimal to treat omic data such as metabolic or miRNA profiles, where features cannot be distributed along a continuous dimension describing their relationships as in e.g., vibrational or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS This study introduces a novel variable selection approach called cluster PLS (c-PLS) that aims to assess the joint impact of variable groups selected based on biological characteristics (such as miRNA-regulated metabolic pathway or lipid classes) on the predictive performance of a multivariate model. The usefulness of c-PLS is shown using miRNomic and metabolomic datasets obtained from the analysis of 24 liver tissue biopsies collected in the frame of a clinical study of steatosis. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Results obtained show that c-PLS enables analyzing the effect of biologically relevant variable clusters, facilitating the identification of biological processes associated with the independent variable, and the prioritization of the biological factors influencing model performance, thereby improving the understanding of the biological factors driving model predictions. While the strategy is tested for the evaluation of PLS models, it could be extended to other linear and non-linear multivariate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pérez-Rubio
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Moreno-Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Polina Soluyanova
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Judith Pérez-Rojas
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Rienda
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Guaita
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Eugenia Pareja
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Trullenque-Juan
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - José V Castell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcha Verheijen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW- school for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW- school for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Metabolomics and bioanalysis, Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Spain.
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Liu Y, McQuillen EA, Rana PSJB, Gloag ES, Parsek MR, Wozniak DJ. A bacterial pigment provides cross-species protection from H 2O 2- and neutrophil-mediated killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312334121. [PMID: 38170744 PMCID: PMC10786307 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312334121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are often polymicrobial. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus cause chronic co-infections, which are more problematic than mono-species infections. Understanding the mechanisms of their interactions is crucial for treating co-infections. Staphyloxanthin (STX), a yellow pigment synthesized by the S. aureus crt operon, promotes S. aureus resistance to oxidative stress and neutrophil-mediated killing. We found that STX production by S. aureus, either as surface-grown macrocolonies or planktonic cultures, was elevated when exposed to the P. aeruginosa exoproduct, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO). This was observed with both mucoid and non-mucoid P. aeruginosa strains. The induction phenotype was found in a majority of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus clinical isolates examined. When subjected to hydrogen peroxide or human neutrophils, P. aeruginosa survival was significantly higher when mixed with wild-type (WT) S. aureus, compared to P. aeruginosa alone or with an S. aureus crt mutant deficient in STX production. In a murine wound model, co-infection with WT S. aureus, but not the STX-deficient mutant, enhanced P. aeruginosa burden and disease compared to mono-infection. In conclusion, we identified a role for P. aeruginosa HQNO mediating polymicrobial interactions with S. aureus by inducing STX production, which consequently promotes resistance to the innate immune effectors H2O2 and neutrophils. These results further our understanding of how different bacterial species cooperatively cause co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Eleanor A. McQuillen
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Pranav S. J. B. Rana
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Erin S. Gloag
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH43210
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24060
| | - Matthew R. Parsek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Daniel J. Wozniak
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH43210
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Manzanares N, Vilarrasa E, López A, Alonso ML, Velasco M, Riera J, Del Alcázar E, Carrascosa JM, Azón A, Rivera R, Santos S, Salgado-Boquete L, Roncero M, Dorado M, Yelamos O, Delgado C, Gallardo F, Ferran M. No tuberculosis reactivations in psoriasis patients initiating new generation biologics despite untreated latent tuberculosis infection: Multicenter case series of 35 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e26-e28. [PMID: 37561934 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Vilarrasa
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna López
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manel Velasco
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, València, Spain
| | - Josep Riera
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Del Alcázar
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Carrascosa
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Azón
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rivera
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Santos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Virgen de los Lirios, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Salgado-Boquete
- Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Mónica Roncero
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Dorado
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Yelamos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sant Bernabé de Berga, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Ferran
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Rumbea DA, Sedler MJ. The Impact of Biological and Social Factors on Mortality in Older Adults Living in Rural Communities. J Prim Care Community Health 2024; 15:21501319241228123. [PMID: 38263729 PMCID: PMC10807323 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241228123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on factors that increase mortality in remote settings is limited. This study aims to estimate the independent and joint role of several factors on mortality risk among older adults living in rural Ecuador. METHODS Participants were selected from community-dwelling older adults who were included in previous studies targeting mortality risk factors in the study population. Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) was utilized to evaluate prior causal assumptions, to redraw causal links, and to introduce latent variables that may help to explain how the independently significant variables are associated with mortality. RESULTS The study included 590 individuals (mean age: 67.9 ± 7.3 years; 57% women), followed for a median of 8.2 years. Mortality rate was 3.4 per 100 person-years. Prior work on separate multivariate Poisson and Cox models was used to build a tentative causal construct. A GSEM containing all variables showed that age, symptoms of depression, high social risk, high fasting glucose, a history of overt stroke, and neck circumference were directly associated with mortality. Two latent variables were introduced, 1 representing the impact of biological factors and another, the impact of social factors on mortality. The social variable significantly influenced the biological variable which carried most of the direct effect on mortality. CONCLUSIONS Several factors contributed to mortality risk in the study population, the most significant being biological factors which are highly influenced by social factors. High social risk interact with biological variables and play an important role in mortality risk.
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Bouyahya A, Bakrim S, Chamkhi I, Taha D, El Omari N, El Mneyiy N, El Hachlafi N, El-Shazly M, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Goh KW, Ming LC, Goh BH, Aanniz T. Bioactive substances of cyanobacteria and microalgae: Sources, metabolism, and anticancer mechanism insights. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115989. [PMID: 38103309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and microalgae contain various phytochemicals, including bioactive components in the form of secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and tannins, with remarkable anticancer effects. This review highlights the recent advances in bioactive compounds, with potential anticancer activity, produced by cyanobacteria and microalgae. Previous in vitro investigations showed that many of these bioactive compounds exhibit potent effects against different human cancer types, such as leukemia and breast cancers. Multiple mechanisms implicated in the antitumor effect of these compounds were elucidated, including their ability to target cellular, subcellular, and molecular checkpoints linked to cancer development and promotion. Recent findings have highlighted various mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds produced by cyanobacteria and microalgae, including induction of autophagy and apoptosis, inhibition of telomerase and protein kinases, as well as modulation of epigenetic modifications. In vivo investigations have demonstrated a potent anti-angiogenesis effect on solid tumors, as well as a reduction in tumor volume. Some of these compounds were examined in clinical investigations for certain types of cancers, making them potent candidates/scaffolds for antitumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10106, Morocco.
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnologies, and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Imane Chamkhi
- Geo-Biodiversity and Natural Patrimony Laboratory (GeoBio), Geophysics, Natural Patrimony Research Center (GEOPAC), Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Douae Taha
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Modélisation Moléculaire, Matériaux, Nanomatériaux, Eau et Environnement, CERNE2D, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Mneyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34025 Taouanate, Morocco
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road Fez, Fez 30003, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, Cairo 11432, Egypt
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 2404, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMDC), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Topalović O, Radaković ZS, Elhady A, Bredenbruch S, Heuer H. Investigations on Microbes Attached to the Cuticle of Phytonematodes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2756:257-270. [PMID: 38427298 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3638-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Nematodes form various associations with soil microbiome. Experimental studies on nematode-attached microbes can improve mechanistic understanding of these associations and lead to new discoveries relevant for the field of nematode biocontrol. Microbial attachment to the surface of phytonematodes is very specific and influenced by a multitude of factors, including the designation of nematodes and microbes, environmental and biological factors in soil, time of incubation, and the ratio and evolutionary trajectories between nematodes and microbes. Here, we describe how the classical nematological and microbiological techniques can be coupled with the advanced molecular tools to study the microbial attachment to phytonematodes in soil. We focus on the characterization of nematode-attached microbes using classical microbiological approaches and high-throughput amplicon sequencing and on the effects of nematode-attached microbes on plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Topalović
- Department of Biology, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Zoran S Radaković
- Laboratory of Insect and Nematode Management, Corteva Agriscience Research, Center Eschbach, Eschbach, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elhady
- Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kuehn Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandra Bredenbruch
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES-Molecular Phytomedicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Heuer
- Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kuehn Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
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Grabowski H, Long G. Post-approval indications and clinical trials for cardiovascular drugs: some implications of the US Inflation Reduction Act. J Med Econ 2024; 27:463-472. [PMID: 38419523 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2024.2323903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the historical baseline landscape of cardiovascular drug post-approval activity, including the number and timing of post-approval clinical trials and approved indications. The US Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) Drug Price Negotiation Program (DPNP) and its Maximum Fair Prices (MFPs) will affect incentives for investment in post-approval activity such as clinical trials for new indications. While three of the first ten drugs selected for the DPNP and MFP-setting are cardiovascular or antithrombotic drugs, limited attention has been paid to potential cardiovascular drug impacts, and to post-approval innovation. METHODS For the 65 drugs originally approved by the FDA from 1995 through 2021 for a cardiovascular or antithrombotic indication (60 small molecules and 5 biologics), we develop a novel dataset of industry-sponsored, post-approval clinical trials and FDA-approved label changes for new indications. We analyze their number and timing relative to DPNP drug selection and MFP implementation dates, by drug approval-year cohort. RESULTS We find 49% of indications were awarded and 76% of industry-funded clinical trials were completed post-approval, reaching 98% of trials for drugs in the earliest 1995-99 cohort. For the 60 small molecules, 76% of post-approval trials ended five years or more after original drug approval, 65% ended seven or more years after original drug approval (i.e. after potential DPNP selection), and 53% nine or more years after original drug approval (i.e. after potential MFP implementation). CONCLUSIONS Post-approval FDA indication approvals and clinical trial starts and primary completion dates often occurred after or near new DPNP selection and MFP implementation dates. This has economic consequences for future investment incentives. Post-approval trials for small molecules, longer-duration trials, and larger-enrollment trials, and post-approval indications focused on limited patient populations and older patients could face particular economic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Grabowski
- Department of Economics (Emeritus), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Kozajda A, Miśkiewicz E. [Intentional use of harmful biological agents in work processes in Poland based on the National Register of Biological Agents]. Med Pr 2023; 74:501-511. [PMID: 38160423 DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The work presents the intentional use of harmful biological agents based on National Register of Biological Agents (Krajowego Rejestru Czynników Biologicznych - KRCB) collected by June 2023. MATERIAL AND METHODS The KRCB is a central database gathering notifications of the intentional use of biological agents in risk groups 2-4 in the workplace in accordance with the regulation of the Minister of Health of December 11, 2020 amending the regulation regarding biological agents. RESULTS with the regulation of the Minister of Health of December 11, 2020 amending the regulation regarding biological agents. Results: Notifications were sent by 712 enterprises for: diagnostic - 62%, research - 31% and industrial purposes - 7%. Notifications were most often sent by hospital and non-hospital clinical and diagnostic laboratories (33% each group) and higher education and research units - 16%. In total, 7352 workers (88% women, 12% men) were exposed to biological agents intentionally used at work. Biological agents from 2 and 3 group risk were used by 98% and 16% enterprises, respectively. The most frequently were used bacteria Escherichia coli (with the exception of non-pathogenic strains) - 5972 (81%) exposed workers, Staphylococcus aureus - respectively 5760 (78%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 5155 (70%). Among the total workers, nearly 25% were exposed to at least 1 biological agent carcinogenic to humans, including viruses (hepatitis B virus [HBV] - 1800 workers, 24%; hepatitis C virus [HCV] - respectively, 1767, 24%; human immunodeficiency virus-1 [HIV-1] - 1557, 21%; human gammaherpesvirus type 4 (Epstein-Barr virus) - 199, 3%; Papillomaviridae - 52, <1%; human gammaherpesvirus type 8 [HHV-8] - 16, <1%; human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 [HTLV- 1] - 38, <1%; bacteria Helicobacter pylori - 299, 4%; parasites Schistosoma haematobium - 9, <1%). CONCLUSIONS Intentionally used biological agents most often pose a threat to workers of hospital and non-hospital clinical and diagnostic laboratories, but a higher health risk concerns workers of and higher education and research units. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(6):501-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozajda
- Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera / Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Zakład Bezpieczeństwa Chemicznego, Pracownia Bezpieczeństwa Biologicznego / Department of Chemical Safety, Biological Safety Unit)
| | - Emilia Miśkiewicz
- Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera / Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Zakład Bezpieczeństwa Chemicznego, Pracownia Bezpieczeństwa Biologicznego / Department of Chemical Safety, Biological Safety Unit)
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Respiratory Council of Chinese Research Hospital Association. [Expert consensus on the management of interstitial lung disease during the COVID-19 epidemic]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2023; 46:1204-18. [PMID: 38044048 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20230922-00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is prevalent around the world, and pre-existing ILD is associated with increased severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, the current knowledge on the management strategy for COVID-19 patients with pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) is very limited. There is still a need for consensus on treatments for these patients. In addition, ILD that occurs after the acute phase of COVID-19 (Post-acute Covid-19 ILD, PC-ILD) is also very common, and how to manage PC-ILD is also under debate. Therefore, a consensus was established by experts from the related disciplines in the field of ILD based on available scientific evidence and experience of the expert working group. This consensus elucidated 22 practical questions for practicing physicians, such as clinical characteristics, risk factors and treatment of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD and PC-ILD patients. Finally, 15 recommendations were made regarding the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD and PC-ILD patients. We hope to assist physicians in making appropriate decisions, thereby improving the management of COVID-19 with pre-existing ILD and PC-ILD.Recommendation 1: It is recommended to differentiate COVID-19 from ILD with acute/subacute onset based on duration, exposure history, symptoms and signs, chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) features, and laboratory tests.Recommendation 2: According to the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia (version 10) issued by the National Health Commission of China on January 6th, 2023, we recommended the following disease severity definition and management for the COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD.Recommendation 3: ILD is an independent risk factor for severe/critical COVID-19. We recommend antiviral treatment for COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD as early as possible after symptoms onset, ideally within 5 days.Recommendation 4: We recommend that the use of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD who had no indications for corticosteroids therapy should follow the guidelines of COVID-19 for the general population. Those with pre-existing ILD who need to start or are already on systemic corticosteroids are recommended to start or continue corticosteroids if they develop COVID-19. The dose adjustment is based on the severity of COVID-19 with pre-existing ILD: For the patients with severe/critical COVID-19 with pre-existing ILD but no AE-ILD, the use of corticosteroids should follow the guidelines of COVID-19 in the general population; the patients with AE-ILD are recommended to follow the use of corticosteroids in AE-ILD.Recommendation 5: There is no evidence available for the use of interleukin-6 receptor blockers in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD. Recommendations regarding interleukin-6 receptor blockers in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD may follow the guideline of COVID-19 in the general population.Recommendation 6: There is no evidence to support the use of Janus kinase inhibitors in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD. The use of Janus kinase inhibitors in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD is recommended to follow the guideline of COVID-19 in the general population.Recommendation 7: For patients who have not started immunosuppressants/biological agents for pre-existing ILD at the time of COVID-19, delayed initiation of immunosuppressants/biological agents is recommended, if the risk of ILD progression in the short term is low. For patients who are already on immunosuppressants/biological agents, a multidisciplinary discussion with rheumatologists is recommended to weigh the benefits and risks of discontinuing immunosuppressants/biological agents. It is recommended to discontinue immunosuppressants/biological agents for pre-existing ILD in acute phase of COVID-19 unless short-term discontinuation affects control of underlying ILD or connective tissue disease.Recommendation 8: It is recommended that the COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD who are on anti-fibrotic medication should continue to take anti-fibrotic medication. For COVID-19 patients with newly diagnosed fibrotic ILD who need to start anti-fibrotic therapy, it is recommended to start anti-fibrotic treatment as early as possible.Recommendation 9: It is recommended to investigate and monitor co-infections and secondary infections in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD, and to promptly prevent and treat co-infections and secondary infections such as bacteria, fungi, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and cytomegalovirus.Recommendation 10: Anticoagulation therapy for the COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD is recommended to be used in accordance with guideline of COVID-19 in general population.Recommendation 11: For COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD, we recommend follow-up at 4 weeks after recovery (non-hospitalized patients) or 4 weeks after discharge (hospitalized patients), and then the routine monitoring frequency for ILD once stable, i.e. every 3 to 6 months. Pulmonary function testing is a routine investigation. Chest HRCT is suggested when clinically indicated. Arterial blood gas analysis, echocardiography, CT pulmonary angiography, and blood examinations can be selected when necessary.Recommendation 12: Severe/critical COVID-19 survivors are the main target population for rehabilitation intervention. Rehabilitation therapy should be administered individualized.Recommendation 13: Healthcare providers should fully inform patients with pre-existing ILD about the benefits and risks of vaccination, and involve patients in a shared decision-making process to discuss whether or not to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.Recommendation 14: For PC-ILD patients with persistent or progressive respiratory symptoms, persistent interstitial lung abnormalities and lung function impairment following acute COVID-19 pneumonia, may be treated with glucocorticoids after exclusion of other causes such as infection.Recommendation 15: For PC-ILD patients who have recovered from severe/critical COVID-19, anti-fibrotic medications may be administered after discussing disease-and treatment-related factors with patients. The optimal timing and duration of anti-fibrotic treatment are still uncertain. We conditionally recommend against anti-fibrotic medications in patients who have recovered from mild or moderate COVID-19. This recommendation does not apply to patients with pre-existing fibrotic ILD.
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Chinene B, Mpezeni L, Mudadi L. Mental health literacy of undergraduate radiography students in Zimbabwe. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2023; 54:662-669. [PMID: 37657951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessing the Mental Health Literacy (MHL) of students is crucial in having an understanding of mental health knowledge gaps, stigma, wrong beliefs, risk factors, and treatment-seeking behaviour. The aim of this study was to use a validated scale to examine the MHL of radiography students at a tertiary institution in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted to assess the MHL of radiography students at a tertiary institution in Harare, Zimbabwe, using a validated MHL scale. Individual t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted for each variable to examine the differences between groups expected to differ in their MHL. RESULTS A total of 89 students were enrolled into the study. The overall mean MHL score was 96.62 (SD-9.55), with students less knowledgeable on environmental, social, familial, or biological factors that increase the risk of developing a mental illness. Gender had no statistically significant effect on the overall score, t(83) = -0.81, p = 0.42 [Males had mean score = 95.64, SD = 10.14; and Females had mean score = 97.35, SD = 9.12]]. However, there was a significant difference in recognition of disorders by gender, t(83) = -2.42, p = 0.02, with female students (M = 26.24, SD =2.68) scoring higher than male students (M =24.69, SD =3.21). In addition, students with a previous history of mental health disorders scored higher (M =26.86, SD = 2.19) than those with no previous history (M =25.47, SD =3.04), however the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The students in the current study demonstrated lower MHL compared to most studies in the literature. Students were less knowledgeable about environmental, social, familial, or biological factors that increase the risk of developing a mental illness. Furthermore, a correlation between MHL and mental health experience was demonstrated. The implication of these findings is that the curriculum ought to be developed to help undergraduate radiography students become more knowledgeable about mental health and comfortable seeking appropriate support.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chinene
- Harare Institute of Technology, Department of Radiography, Belvedere, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - L Mpezeni
- Zimbabwe Open University, Department of Psychology, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - L Mudadi
- Royal Papworth Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Kumar M, Harvey RN, Osei SK, Fatima A, Menning AZ, Akay B, Brahmamdam P, Stallion A, Novotny NM. The Evolving Effectiveness of Biologics in Avoiding Surgery in Children With Ulcerative Colitis: At what Nutritional Cost? Am Surg 2023; 89:5584-5591. [PMID: 36869696 DOI: 10.1177/00031348231161701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment has changed dramatically with the introduction of multiple biologics. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of these new biologics on achieving remission, nutritional impact, and eventual need for surgery in children. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed hospital records of UC patients (ages 1-19) seen at a pediatric gastroenterology clinic between January 2012 andAugust 2020. Patients were divided into groups: 1) medically without biologics or surgery; 2) patients treated with one biologic; and 3) patients treated with multiple biologics 4)patients that underwent colectomy. RESULTS There were 115 UC patients with a mean follow-up of 5.9 ± 3.7 years (1 month-15.3 years). PUCAI score at diagnosis was mild in 52 patients (45%), moderate in 25 (21%), and severe in 5 (4.3%). PUCAI score for 33 patients (29%) could not be calculated. There were 48 (41.3%) in group 1 with 58% remission, 34 (29.6%) in group 2 with 71% remission, 24 (20.8%) in group 3 with 29% remission, and only 9 (7.8%) in group 4 with 100% remission. The majority (55%) of surgical patients had colectomy within the first year of diagnosis. BMI improved after surgery (P = 0.001). The change from one biologic to others did not improve nutrition over time. DISCUSSION New biologics are changing the landscape in maintaining remission from UC. The current need for surgery is much lower than previously published studies. In medically refractive UC, nutritional status only improved after surgery. Addition of another biologic for medically refractory ulcerative colitis in order to avoid surgery must take into account the positive impact surgery has on nutrition and disease remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohineesh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland, MI, USA
| | - Rachel N Harvey
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland, MI, USA
| | - Samuel K Osei
- Department of Surgery, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland, MI, USA
| | - Ayesha Fatima
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland, MI, USA
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Alexander Z Menning
- Department of Surgery, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland, MI, USA
| | - Begum Akay
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland, MI, USA
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Pavan Brahmamdam
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland, MI, USA
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Stallion
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland, MI, USA
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Nathan M Novotny
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland, MI, USA
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Vít M, Kučera J, Lenárt P, Novák J, Zlámal F, Reguli Z, Bugala M, Čihounková J, Přecechtěl P, Malčík V, Vojtíšek T, Kučerová JF, Eclerová V, Tomandlová M, Šíp R, Ráčková L, Grulichová M, Tomandl J, Bienertová-Vašků J. Biological factors and self-perception of stress in relation to freeze-like response in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106382. [PMID: 37708823 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Many animals react to threatening stimuli such as a predator attacks by freezing. However, little experimental research investigated freeze response in humans. Here, we have employed practices commonly used in self-defense training to create two unique scenarios simulating armed physical threat. Sixty healthy men volunteers divided into three groups of twenty (untrained, trained but unexperienced, trained and experienced) underwent these scenarios accompanied by measurement of biochemical, physiological, and psychological markers of stress. Our results show that untrained individuals exhibit stronger freezing reactions, while highly skilled participants display the lowest propensity for freezing, especially in high-intensity scenarios. Moreover, the study shows variations in anxiety levels and selected biomarkers, with cortisol and osteocalcin showing different patterns in low and high-intensity scenarios, and suggests a complex interplay between these factors, electrodermal activity, and stress perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vít
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kučera
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Lenárt
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Zlámal
- Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Reguli
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bugala
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Čihounková
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Přecechtěl
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Malčík
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vojtíšek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Tvrdeho 562/2a, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Tvrdeho 562/2a, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Fialová Kučerová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Eclerová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Tomandlová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šíp
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Arna Novaka 1, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ráčková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Grulichová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Tomandl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertová-Vašků
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Saetang N, Ramaraj R, Praphruet R, Unpaprom Y. Unlocking the benefits of split gill mushroom: Chemical analysis and prebiotic properties of schizophyllan extract. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126544. [PMID: 37634777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The edible split gill mushroom is considered both a nutritive and therapeutic superfood, as well as rich in schizophyllan and protein. Prebiotic properties and other biological effects distinguish the schizophyllan (β-glucan). Thus, this research investigates the identity of the mushroom strain, the nutritional composition of this mushroom, and the schizophyllan extract for further analysis, including its prebiotic activity and so on. The experimental results revealed that this mushroom was identified as Schizophyllum commune, comprising more excellent carbohydrates, protein, crude fiber, lower fat, and no heavy metal detection. Moreover, this extract consisted of pharmaceutical hydrophobin (14.0-18.5 kDa), lectin protein (21-35 kDa), bioactive purpurin or red pigment, including the prebiotic β-glucan stimulating the proliferation of probiotic bacteria isolated from yogurt. Therefore, both S. commune and the schizophyllan extract can be used as a prebiotic candidate, functional food, and nutraceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapong Saetang
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Rameshprabu Ramaraj
- Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; APEC Research Center for Advanced Biohydrogen Technology (ACABT), Thailand Chiang Mai Branch Center, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Ruenkaew Praphruet
- Institute of Product Quality and Standardization, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Yuwalee Unpaprom
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; APEC Research Center for Advanced Biohydrogen Technology (ACABT), Thailand Chiang Mai Branch Center, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand.
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Arcángel AE, Rodríguez EA, Saad JF, de la Barra P, Narvarte MA, Storero LP, Pereyra PJ. Same species, different population dynamics: Spatio-temporal differences of Undaria pinnatifida (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae) in the intertidal of North Patagonia, Argentina. J Phycol 2023; 59:1310-1322. [PMID: 37817449 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Population dynamics can be influenced by physical and biological factors, particularly in stressful environments. Introduced species usually have great physiological plasticity, resulting in populations with different traits. Undaria pinnatifida, a macroalga originally described from northeast Asia, was introduced in Northern Patagonia, Argentina (San Matías Gulf) around 2010. To describe the spatio-temporal variability in population structure and morphometry of U. pinnatifida, we conducted monthly field samplings for 2 years at the intertidal area of two contrasting sites in the San Matías Gulf. Individuals of U. pinnatifida were classified by developmental stage, and their morpho-gravimetric variables were measured. In both intertidal sites juveniles were found in higher proportion during austral autumn and grew and matured during the autumn-winter months (from May onwards), and individuals senesced during early austral summer (December and January). Conversely, density and biomass were largely different between sites, and individuals showed slight morphological variability between sites. Environmental (e.g., nutrient concentration, available substrate) and biological factors (e.g., facilitation, competition) may explain the observed differences. Since there is not a macroalga with U. pinnatifida morphometrical characteristics in the intertidal environments of San Matías Gulf, studying this recent introduction gives us a better understanding of its potential ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Evangelina Arcángel
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni (CIMAS), San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Alexis Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni (CIMAS), San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
| | - Juan Francisco Saad
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni (CIMAS), San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
| | - Paula de la Barra
- Coastal Systems Department, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Maite Andrea Narvarte
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni (CIMAS), San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
| | - Lorena Pía Storero
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni (CIMAS), San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
| | - Patricio Javier Pereyra
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni (CIMAS), San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lake E. JAAD Game Changer: "Comorbid obesity and history of diabetes are independently associated with poorer treatment response to biologics at 6 months: A prospective analysis in the Corrona Psoriasis Registry". J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:1226. [PMID: 37562601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
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Su C, Li Y, Liu S, Feng H, Wang J, Yan S. Star polymer soil delivery nanoplatform for applying biological agents in the field to control plant rhizosphere diseases. J Control Release 2023; 364:406-419. [PMID: 37924956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
As the main cause of destructive plant diseases, pathogenic oomycete in plant rhizosphere brings about enormous losses to agricultural production. Although chemical pesticides are still one of the most important prevention and control methods for phytopathogens, the usage of chemical pesticides was limited by the 3R (resistance, residue, and rampant) problem. In the early stage of our research, analysis and comparison of the metabolome of resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae and common strain suggested that naringenin might be a highly efficient potential biogenic antimicrobial agent to prevent and control soil rhizosphere diseases. Unfortunately, the bioactivity and absorption capacity of active ingredients in the environment made it unsuitable for field application; thus, for efficient field application of naringenin, the 24 nm-sized naringenin-loaded nano-star-shaped polymerized (NSPs) were prepared with good loading efficiency 37.3% for naringenin. The soil mobility test indicated that NSPs could effectively reduce the adsorption of active ingredients and enhance the mobility of active ingredients in soil. The bacteriostatic test proved that these NSPs had better antimicrobial activity than the naringenin used alone and could efficiently induce the expression of plant resistance phenylpropanoid compounds. Finally, pot and field experiments showed improved control efficiency of NSPs 41% loaded with naringenin. Transcriptome analysis found that a large number of energy-related genes were downregulated in NSPs nematodes, suggesting that disturbed energy-related genes might lead to the disturbance of energy synthesis and metabolism. Naringenin-loaded nano-carriers were used to prevent and control plant disease-causing pathogens in the rhizosphere, which is of great significance to improve the prevention and control effect and reduce the environmental load of these anti-pathogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Shuo Yan
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Miyata Y, Kishi Y. ASO Author Reflections: Proposal of Tumor Size as an Index for Biologic Factor of Resectability Status of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:8644-8645. [PMID: 37689609 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Miyata
- Department of Surgery, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
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Wacholder A, Carvunis AR. Biological factors and statistical limitations prevent detection of most noncanonical proteins by mass spectrometry. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002409. [PMID: 38048358 PMCID: PMC10721188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome profiling experiments indicate pervasive translation of short open reading frames (ORFs) outside of annotated protein-coding genes. However, shotgun mass spectrometry (MS) experiments typically detect only a small fraction of the predicted protein products of this noncanonical translation. The rarity of detection could indicate that most predicted noncanonical proteins are rapidly degraded and not present in the cell; alternatively, it could reflect technical limitations. Here, we leveraged recent advances in ribosome profiling and MS to investigate the factors limiting detection of noncanonical proteins in yeast. We show that the low detection rate of noncanonical ORF products can largely be explained by small size and low translation levels and does not indicate that they are unstable or biologically insignificant. In particular, proteins encoded by evolutionarily young genes, including those with well-characterized biological roles, are too short and too lowly expressed to be detected by shotgun MS at current detection sensitivities. Additionally, we find that decoy biases can give misleading estimates of noncanonical protein false discovery rates, potentially leading to false detections. After accounting for these issues, we found strong evidence for 4 noncanonical proteins in MS data, which were also supported by evolution and translation data. These results illustrate the power of MS to validate unannotated genes predicted by ribosome profiling, but also its substantial limitations in finding many biologically relevant lowly expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Wacholder
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Pan Y, Zhang Y, Shi X, Li D, Xu X, Xiao B, Piao Y, Xiang J, Shao S, Ho FCY, Shen Y, Zhang AP, Tang J. Electrical stimulation induces anti-tumor immunomodulation via a flexible microneedle-array-integrated interdigital electrode. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2779-2792. [PMID: 37863773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapy, using chemical or biological agents to reinvigorate the immune system. However, most of these agents have poor tumor penetration and inevitable side effects that complicate therapeutic outcomes. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a promising alternative therapy against cancers that does not involve chemical or biological agents but is limited in the fabrication and operation of complex micrometer-scale ES devices. Here, we present an optically microprinted flexible interdigital electrode with a gold-plated polymer microneedle array to generate alternating electric fields for cancer treatment. A flexible microneedle-array-integrated interdigital electrode (FMIE) was fabricated by combining optical 3D microprinting and electroless plating processes. FMIE-mediated ES of cancer cells induced necrotic cell death through mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This led to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns that activated the immune response and potentiated immunogenic cell death (ICD). FMIE-based ES has an excellent safety profile and systemic anti-tumor effects, inhibiting the growth of primary and distant tumors as well as melanoma lung metastasis. FMIE-based ES-driven cancer immunomodulation provides a new pathway for drug-free cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yangxi Zhang
- Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Piao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Frederic Chun-Yip Ho
- Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - A Ping Zhang
- Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China.
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Stern RS. The limitations of persistence as a measure of efficacy of biologic therapies. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:e100-e101. [PMID: 37671667 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Stern
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yamashita M, Takayasu M, Maruyama H, Hirayama K. The Immunobiological Agents for Treatment of Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:2014. [PMID: 38004064 PMCID: PMC10673378 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy with glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis is recommended as the standard treatment for anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, but the prognosis of this disease remains poor. Several immunobiological agents have been administered or are expected to be useful for anti-GBM disease in light of refractory disease or the standard treatments' tolerability. Many data regarding the use of biologic agents for anti-GBM disease have accumulated, verifying the effectiveness and potential of biologic agents as a new treatment option for anti-GBM disease. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors were shown to be useful in animal studies, but these agents have no clinical use and were even shown to induce anti-GBM disease in several cases. Although the efficacy of the TNF-receptor antagonist has been observed in animal models, there are no published case reports of its clinical use. There are also no published reports of animal or clinical studies of anti-B-cell-activating factor, which is a member of the TNF family of agents. Anti-interleukin (IL)-6 antibodies have been demonstrated to have no effect on or to exacerbate nephritis in animal models. Anti-C5 inhibitor was observed to be useful in a few anti-GBM disease cases. Among the several immunobiological agents, only rituximab has been demonstrated to be useful in refractory or poor-tolerance patients or small uncontrolled studies. Rituximab is usually used in combination with steroids and plasma exchange and is used primarily as an alternative to cyclophosphamide, but there is insufficient evidence regarding the efficacy of rituximab for anti-GBM disease, and thus, randomized controlled studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kouichi Hirayama
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.T.); (H.M.)
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Willems T, Hectors W, Rombaut J, De Rop AS, Goegebeur S, Delmulle T, De Mol ML, De Maeseneire SL, Soetaert WK. An exploratory in silico comparison of open-source codon harmonization tools. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:227. [PMID: 37932726 PMCID: PMC10626681 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not changing the native constitution of genes prior to their expression by a heterologous host can affect the amount of proteins synthesized as well as their folding, hampering their activity and even cell viability. Over the past decades, several strategies have been developed to optimize the translation of heterologous genes by accommodating the difference in codon usage between species. While there have been a handful of studies assessing various codon optimization strategies, to the best of our knowledge, no research has been performed towards the evaluation and comparison of codon harmonization algorithms. To highlight their importance and encourage meaningful discussion, we compared different open-source codon harmonization tools pertaining to their in silico performance, and we investigated the influence of different gene-specific factors. RESULTS In total, 27 genes were harmonized with four tools toward two different heterologous hosts. The difference in %MinMax values between the harmonized and the original sequences was calculated (ΔMinMax), and statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out. It became clear that not all tools perform similarly, and the choice of tool should depend on the intended application. Almost all biological factors under investigation (GC content, RNA secondary structures and choice of heterologous host) had a significant influence on the harmonization results and thus must be taken into account. These findings were substantiated using a validation dataset consisting of 8 strategically chosen genes. CONCLUSIONS Due to the size of the dataset, no complex models could be developed. However, this initial study showcases significant differences between the results of various codon harmonization tools. Although more elaborate investigation is needed, it is clear that biological factors such as GC content, RNA secondary structures and heterologous hosts must be taken into account when selecting the codon harmonization tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Willems
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Wim Hectors
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Jeltien Rombaut
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sofie De Rop
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Stijn Goegebeur
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Tom Delmulle
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Maarten L De Mol
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sofie L De Maeseneire
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Wim K Soetaert
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Zhao X, Gopalappa C. Joint modeling HIV and HPV using a new hybrid agent-based network and compartmental simulation technique. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288141. [PMID: 37922306 PMCID: PMC10624270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a disproportionately higher burden of human papillomavirus infection (HPV)-related cancers. Causal factors include both behavioral and biological. While pharmaceutical and care support interventions help address biological risk of coinfection, as social conditions are common drivers of behaviors, structural interventions are key part of behavioral interventions. Our objective is to develop a joint HIV-HPV model to evaluate the contribution of each factor, to subsequently inform intervention analyses. While compartmental modeling is sufficient for faster spreading HPV, network modeling is suitable for slower spreading HIV. However, using network modeling for jointly modeling HIV and HPV can generate computational complexities given their vastly varying disease epidemiology and disease burden across sub-population groups. We applied a recently developed mixed agent-based compartmental (MAC) simulation technique, which simulates persons with at least one slower spreading disease and their immediate contacts as agents in a network, and all other persons including those with faster spreading diseases in a compartmental model, with an evolving contact network algorithm maintaining the dynamics between the two models. We simulated HIV and HPV in the U.S. among heterosexual female, heterosexual male, and men who have sex with men (men only and men and women) (MSM), sub-populations that mix but have varying HIV burden, and cervical cancer among women. We conducted numerical analyses to evaluate the contribution of behavioral and biological factors to risk of cervical cancer among women with HIV. The model outputs for HIV, HPV, and cervical cancer compared well with surveillance estimates. Model estimates for relative prevalence of HPV (1.67 times) and relative incidence of cervical cancer (3.6 times), among women with HIV compared to women without, were also similar to that reported in observational studies in the literature. The fraction attributed to biological factors ranged from 22-38% for increased HPV prevalence and 80% for increased cervical cancer incidence, the remaining attributed to behavioral. The attribution of both behavioral and biological factors to increased HPV prevalence and cervical cancer incidence suggest the need for behavioral, structural, and pharmaceutical interventions. Validity of model results related to both individual and joint disease metrics serves as proof-of-concept of the MAC simulation technique. Understanding the contribution of behavioral and biological factors of risk helps inform interventions. Future work can expand the model to simulate sexual and care behaviors as functions of social conditions to jointly evaluate behavioral, structural, and pharmaceutical interventions for HIV and cervical cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Chaitra Gopalappa
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
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Weller S, Derntl B, Plewnia C. Sex matters for the enhancement of cognitive training with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:78. [PMID: 37919761 PMCID: PMC10623760 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can influence brain network activity and associated cognitive and behavioural functions. In addition to the extensive variety in stimulation parameters, numerous biological factors drive these effects, however these are yet poorly understood. Here, we investigate one of the major biological factors by focusing on sex-dependent effects of tDCS on a challenging cognitive control task (adaptive paced auditory serial addition task [PASAT]) in healthy humans. METHODS This sex-specific re-analysis was performed on data of 163 subjects who underwent a 2-week cognitive control training (6 sessions in total). Subjects received either verum (anodal/cathodal) or sham tDCS. Electrodes were placed over the left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the respective contralateral deltoid muscle. Cognitive control was measured as performance in the PASAT and was analysed in respect to stimulation conditions (sham, anodal, cathodal) and sex. RESULTS Regardless of stimulation condition, performance gains between the sexes were higher in females compared to males (p = 0.0038). Female's performance during anodal tDCS exceeded male's (p = 0.0070), yet no effects were found for cathodal or sham tDCS. Moreover, in females we found a superior effect for anodal tDCS over sham stimulation (fanodal: p = 0.0354; fcathodal: p = 0.6181), but no such effect in males (manodal: p = 0.6882; mcathodal: p = 0.4822). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the relevance of biological sex for the effects of tDCS on cognitive training. Thus, an increased attention to biological sex is advisable in future brain stimulation research to highlight and in consequence better understand potentially underlying sex-specific mechanisms. Considering biological sex will further advance customisation and individualisation of tDCS interventions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04108663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Weller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innovative Neuroimaging, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tübingen, Germany.
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Bloomfield-Clagett B, Rahman M, Smith K, Concato J. Use of Real-World Evidence in Neuroscience-Related New Drug and Biologics License Applications for Novel Therapeutics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 114:1002-1005. [PMID: 37548904 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is evaluating the potential use of real-world evidence (RWE) in regulatory decision making. Some groups have evaluated the use of RWE in regulatory submissions in the United States and abroad, reporting that reliance on RWE to support new product approvals is relatively common. Confusion regarding the use of RWE in drug-approval decisions may arise, however, based on different application of the terms real-world data (RWD) and RWE. We evaluated RWE in new drug applications (NDAs) and biologics license applications (BLAs) from January 2019 to June 2021 for novel drugs and biologics approved by the FDA with indications related to psychiatry, neurology, pain, or sedation (here, termed neuroscience-related). We sought to determine whether the submissions included RWE and to describe the types of data and study designs used. Thirty neuroscience-related NDAs or BLAs were identified for novel drugs and biologics approved during the time-period of interest. Among these approvals, three applications (10%) were adjudicated as containing RWE, one of which included RWE as primary evidence of effectiveness. Our findings highlight how different operational definitions of the terms RWD and RWE can result in demonstrably different reporting of the use of RWE in regulatory decision making for neuroscience-related novel drugs and biologics. A better understanding of this topic, along with awareness of regulatory definitions of RWE, are important factors to promote accurate tracking and reporting of regulatory submissions involving RWE. These factors can also improve awareness among the stakeholder community regarding the role of RWD and RWE in regulatory decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motiur Rahman
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - John Concato
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Liu J, Tang H, Lin T, Wang J, Cui W, Xie C, Wang Z, Chen Y, Chen X. Sarcopenia assessed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is associated with the loss of response to biologic therapies in adult patients with Crohn's disease. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2209-2221. [PMID: 37621024 PMCID: PMC10651652 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia occurs in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). However, the association between sarcopenia and loss of response (LOR) to biologic agents remains unclear. This study explored such an association in CD patients. This retrospective study included 94 CD patients who received biologic therapy. The skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at the third lumbar was assessed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for sarcopenia evaluation. A LOR was defined by fecal calprotectin (FC) < 250 μg/g or >50% reduction from baseline levels or other factors, such as the used agent being replaced by other biologic agents. The association between sarcopenia and LOR was assessed by logistic regression analysis. LOR was observed in 54 patients (57.4%). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the LOR group was higher than that in response group (70.4% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.003). Sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-11.54), Montreal L1 type (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06-0.60), perianal lesions (OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 1.31-12.70), and monocytes percentage (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.57) at baseline were independent associated factors for LOR. Sarcopenia was also associated with LOR in patients who received infliximab (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.11-9.87). Montreal L1 type, perianal lesions, and monocytes percentage (Model 1), and with additional consideration of sarcopenia (Model 2), were developed to predict LOR. Model 2 showed better performance than Model 1 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.82 vs. 0.75). Sarcopenia was associated with the LOR to biological agents or infliximab in adult patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of RadiologyFunan County People's HospitalFuyangAnhuiChina
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Hongye Tang
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Tingting Lin
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Jiangchuan Wang
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Chao Xie
- Center of Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester School of MedicineRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Yugen Chen
- Department of Colon and Rectum SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
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Naldi L. Socioeconomic status, biologics and all-cause mortality. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:e1325. [PMID: 37417391 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Naldi
- Department of Dermatology, AULSS8, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
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Miranda J, Lefin N, Beltran JF, Belén LH, Tsipa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Enzyme Engineering Strategies for the Bioenhancement of L-Asparaginase Used as a Biopharmaceutical. BioDrugs 2023; 37:793-811. [PMID: 37698749 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a surge in the industrial production of recombinant enzymes from microorganisms due to their catalytic characteristics being highly efficient, selective, and biocompatible. L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme belonging to the class of amidohydrolases that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has been widely investigated as a biologic agent for its antineoplastic properties in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The demand for L-ASNase is mainly met by the production of recombinant type II L-ASNase from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, the presence of immunogenic proteins in L-ASNase sourced from prokaryotes has been known to result in adverse reactions in patients undergoing treatment. As a result, efforts are being made to explore strategies that can help mitigate the immunogenicity of the drug. This review gives an overview of recent biotechnological breakthroughs in enzyme engineering techniques and technologies used to improve anti-leukemic L-ASNase, taking into account the pharmacological importance of L-ASNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Miranda
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Nicolás Lefin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltran
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Argyro Tsipa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jorge G Farias
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile.
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Lilley E, Bruysters M, Das P, Gill S, Isbrucker R, Jones D, Holmes A. Integrating 3Rs approaches in WHO guidelines for the batch release testing of biologicals: Responses from a survey of National Control Laboratories and National Regulatory Authorities. Biologicals 2023; 84:101721. [PMID: 37922625 PMCID: PMC10719891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) is reviewing World Health Organization (WHO) manuals, guidelines and recommendations for vaccines and biotherapeutics to identify the extent to which animal-based testing methods are described. The aim is to recommend where updates to these documents can lead to an increased and more harmonised adoption of 3Rs principles (i.e. Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal tests) in the quality control and batch release testing requirements for vaccines and biotherapeutics. Improved adoption of 3Rs principles and non-animal testing strategies will help to reduce the delays and costs associated with product release testing. Developing recommendations that are widely applicable by both the manufacturers and national regulatory authorities for vaccines and biological therapeutics globally requires a detailed understanding of how different organisations view the opportunities and barriers to better integration of the 3Rs. To facilitate this, we developed and distributed a survey aimed at individuals who work for national regulatory authorities (NRAs) and/or national control laboratories (NCLs). In this paper, we present the key findings from this survey and how these will help inform the recommendations for wider integration of 3Rs approaches by WHO in their guidance documents applicable to the quality control and batch release testing of vaccines and biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martijn Bruysters
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Thomas SE, van den Reek JMPA, Seyger MMB, de Jong EMGJ. How to define a 'super-responder' to biologics in psoriasis studies. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:621-622. [PMID: 37595133 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase of publications on super-responders to biologic therapy for psoriasis.In this study, we aimed to contribute to this growing area of research by (i) synthesizing the different definitions of super-responders currently being used in psoriasis literature; and (ii) evaluating the impact of these different definitions on the composition of the super-responder group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen
| | | | - Marieke M B Seyger
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen
| | - Elke M G J de Jong
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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50
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Marcombes C, Penso L, Weill A, Dray-Spira R, Zureik M, Sbidian E. Persistence of second-line biologics in psoriasis after first-line biologic failure: a nationwide cohort study from the French health insurance database (SNDS). Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:561-568. [PMID: 37479503 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many biologics are available for psoriasis and have been compared in real-life studies based on their persistence (i.e. time between initiation and discontinuation). However, after first-line biologic failure, data are lacking on the choice of second-line biologic among the four available classes [tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi); interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 inhibitor (IL-12/IL-23i); IL-17 inhibitors (IL-17i); and IL-23 inhibitors (IL-23i)]. OBJECTIVES To compare the long-term persistence of available second-line biologics in psoriasis according to prior exposure. METHODS This nationwide cohort study involved the administrative healthcare database of the French health insurance scheme linked to a hospital discharge database. Participants were adults with psoriasis, defined as having at least two prescriptions of a topical vitamin D derivative within a 2-year period, with initiation of a second-line biologic between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2021. We included patients who initiated a second-line biologic directly after first-line discontinuation (i.e. without a 'washout' period). The end of follow-up was 30 June 2022. Discontinuation was defined as > 90 days without filling a prescription for the same treatment after the period covered by the previous prescription. Comparison of persistence by biologic class involved using propensity score-weighted Cox models (inverse probability treatment weighting) and adjustment of specific systemic nonbiologics (time-dependent variables). RESULTS We included 8693 patients [mean (SD) age 50 (14) years; 50.5% male]; 2824 (32.5%) started TNFi, 1561 (18.0%) IL-12/IL-23i, 2707 (31.1%) IL-17i and 1601 (18.4%) IL-23i. Overall, 1- and 3-year persistence rates were 60% and 30%, respectively. After weighting and adjustment, persistence was longer with IL-12/IL-23i [weighted hazard ratio (HRw) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.76)], IL-17i (HRw 0.70, 95% CI 0.64-0.78) and IL-23i (HRw 0.36, 95% CI 0.31-0.42) than TNFi, except after first-line IL-17i treatment, with no difference between IL-12/IL-23i, IL-17i and TNFi second-line persistence. Persistence was longer with IL-23i as a second-line treatment than IL-12/IL-23i (HRw 0.53, 95% CI 0.44-0.63) and IL-17i (HRw 0.51, 95% CI 0.44-0.60), regardless of first-line treatment, with no difference seen between IL-12/IL-23i and IL-17i (HRw 0.97, 95% CI 0.87-1.09). CONCLUSIONS This real-life study suggests the longer persistence of IL-23i than TNFi, IL-17i and IL-12/IL-23i as second-line treatment for psoriasis. Persistence rates for all biologics remained low at 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Marcombes
- EpiDermE, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance, Saint Denis, France
| | - Laetitia Penso
- EpiDermE, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance, Saint Denis, France
| | - Alain Weill
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance, Saint Denis, France
| | - Rosemary Dray-Spira
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance, Saint Denis, France
| | - Mahmoud Zureik
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance, Saint Denis, France
| | - Emilie Sbidian
- EpiDermE, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance, Saint Denis, France
- Inserm, Centre d'investigation clinique 1430, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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