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Gowripriya T, Yashwanth R, James Prabhanand B, Suresh R, Balamurugan K. Klebsiella aerogenes ingestion elicits behavioral changes and innate immunity in the host, Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 154:105138. [PMID: 38286197 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella aerogenes (previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes) is a common opportunistic pathogen that infect the respiratory tract and central nervous system. However, how it interferes the host regulatory mechanism has not been previously described. When C. elegans were exposed to K. aerogenes, they exhibited a shorter lifespan compared to those fed with E. coli OP50. The time required for 50 % of L4 hermaphrodite nematodes to die when exposed to K. aerogenes was approximately 9 days, whereas it was about 18 days when fed with E. coli OP50. The interaction with K. aerogenes also affected the physical activity of C. elegans. Parameters like pharyngeal pumping, head thrashing, body bending, and swimming showed a gradual decline during infection. The expression of serotonin-mediated axon regeneration K. aerogenes infection led to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans compared to E. coli OP50-fed worms. The nematodes activated antioxidant mechanisms, including the expression of SODs, to counteract elevated ROS levels. The interaction with K. aerogenes activated immune regulatory pathways in C. elegans, including the mTOR signaling pathway downstream player SGK-1. Lifespan regulatory pathways, such as pha-4 and pmk-1, were also affected, likely contributing to the nematode ability to survive in a pathogenic environment. K. aerogenes infection has a detrimental impact on the healthspan and lifespan of C. elegans, affecting physical activity, intestinal health, serotonin regulation, ROS levels, and immune responses. These findings provide insights into the complex interactions between K. aerogenes and host organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumugam Gowripriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, India.
| | - Radhakrishnan Yashwanth
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bhaskar James Prabhanand
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ramamurthi Suresh
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Li C, Teng F, Wu F, Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhang D. Enhanced cavitation dose and reactive oxygen species production in microbubble-mediated sonodynamic therapy for inhibition of Escherichia coli and biofilm. Ultrason Sonochem 2024; 105:106853. [PMID: 38537561 PMCID: PMC10988124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging antibacterial therapy. This work selected hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) as the sonosensitizer, and studied the enhanced inhibition effect of Escherichia coli and biofilm by microbubble-mediated cavitation in SDT. Firstly, the influence of microbubble-mediated cavitation effect on different concentrations of HMME (10 µg/ml, 30 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml) was studied. Using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) as an indicator, the effect of microbubble-mediated cavitation on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied by absorption spectroscopy. Secondly, using agar medium, laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the effect of microbubble-mediated cavitation on the activity and morphology of bacteria was studied. Finally, the inhibitory effect of cavitation combined with SDT on biofilm was evaluated by laser confocal microscopy. The research results indicate that: (1) Microbubble-mediated ultrasound cavitation can significantly increase cavitation intensity and production of ROS. (2) Microbubble-mediated acoustic cavitation can alter the morphological structure of bacteria. (3) It can significantly enhance the inhibition of SDT on the activity of Escherichia coli and its biofilm. Compared with the control group, the addition of microbubbles resulted in an increase in the number of dead bacteria by 61.7 %, 71.6 %, and 76.2 %, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of the biofilm decreased by 27.1 %, 80.3 %, and 98.2 %, respectively. On the basis of adding microbubbles to ensure antibacterial and biofilm inhibition effects, this work studied the influence of cavitation effect in SDT on bacterial structure, providing a foundation for further revealing the intrinsic mechanism of SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Li
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fengmeng Teng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fengmin Wu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Shyam S, Misra S, Mitra S, Mitra SK. Bacteria-surface interactions: role of impacting bacteria-laden droplets. Soft Matter 2024; 20:3425-3435. [PMID: 38623617 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00196f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of pathogenic droplets with surfaces is crucial to biomedical applications. In this study, using E. coli as the model microbe, we investigate the impact of a bacteria-laden droplet on different substrates, both bare and antimicrobial. In doing so, we unveil the significance of kinetic energy and spreading parameters of the impacting droplet in determining the microbes' proliferation capabilities. Our results indicate an inverse relationship between the impact Weber number and the bacterial ability to proliferate. We reveal that the mechanical stress generated during impact impedes the capabilities of microbes present inside the droplet to create their progeny. Following an order analysis of the mechanical stress generated, we argue that the impact does not induce lysis-driven cell death of the bacteria; rather, it promotes a stress-driven transition of viable bacteria to a viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state. Furthermore, variations in the concentration of particles on the antimicrobial surfaces revealed the role of the post-impact spreading behaviour in dictating bacterial proliferation capabilities. Contrary to the conventional notion, we demonstrate that during the early stages of interaction, a bare substrate may outperform an antibacterial substrate in the inactivation of the bacterial load. Finally, we present an interaction map illustrating the complex relationship between bacterial colony-forming units, bactericide concentration on the surface, and the impact Weber number. We believe that the inferences of the study, highlighting the effect of mechanical stresses on the soft cell wall of microbes, could be a useful design consideration for the development of antimicrobial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Shyam
- Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Sirshendu Misra
- Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Surjyasish Mitra
- Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Sushanta K Mitra
- Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Hancock AM, Datta SS. Interplay between environmental yielding and dynamic forcing modulates bacterial growth. Biophys J 2024; 123:957-967. [PMID: 38454600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial habitats-ranging from gels and tissues in the body to cell-secreted exopolysaccharides in biofilms-are rheologically complex, undergo dynamic external forcing, and have unevenly distributed nutrients. How do these features jointly influence how the resident cells grow and proliferate? Here, we address this question by studying the growth of Escherichia coli dispersed in granular hydrogel matrices with defined and highly tunable structural and rheological properties, under different amounts of external forcing imposed by mechanical shaking, and in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Our experiments establish a general principle: that the balance between the yield stress of the environment that the cells inhabit, σy, and the external stress imposed on the environment, σ, modulates bacterial growth by altering transport of essential nutrients to the cells. In particular, when σy<σ, the environment is easily fluidized and mixed over large scales, providing nutrients to the cells and sustaining complete cellular growth. By contrast, when σy>σ, the elasticity of the environment suppresses large-scale fluid mixing, limiting nutrient availability and arresting cellular growth. Our work thus reveals a new mechanism, beyond effects that change cellular behavior via local forcing, by which the rheology of the environment may modulate microbial physiology in diverse natural and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hancock
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Sujit S Datta
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
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Granton E, Brown L, Defaye M, Moazen P, Almblad H, Randall TE, Rich JD, Geppert A, Abdullah NS, Hassanabad MF, Hiroki CH, Farias R, Nguyen AP, Schubert C, Lou Y, Andonegui G, Iftinca M, Raju D, Vargas MA, Howell PL, Füzesi T, Bains J, Kurrasch D, Harrison JJ, Altier C, Yipp BG. Biofilm exopolysaccharides alter sensory-neuron-mediated sickness during lung infection. Cell 2024; 187:1874-1888.e14. [PMID: 38518773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Infections of the lung cause observable sickness thought to be secondary to inflammation. Signs of sickness are crucial to alert others via behavioral-immune responses to limit contact with contagious individuals. Gram-negative bacteria produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) that provides microbial protection; however, the impact of EPS on sickness remains uncertain. Using genome-engineered Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains, we compared EPS-producers versus non-producers and a virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) lung infection model in male and female mice. EPS-negative P. aeruginosa and virulent E. coli infection caused severe sickness, behavioral alterations, inflammation, and hypothermia mediated by TLR4 detection of the exposed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in lung TRPV1+ sensory neurons. However, inflammation did not account for sickness. Stimulation of lung nociceptors induced acute stress responses in the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei by activating corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons responsible for sickness behavior and hypothermia. Thus, EPS-producing biofilm pathogens evade initiating a lung-brain sensory neuronal response that results in sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Granton
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Luke Brown
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Parisa Moazen
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Henrik Almblad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Trevor E Randall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn D Rich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew Geppert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nasser S Abdullah
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mortaza F Hassanabad
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carlos H Hiroki
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raquel Farias
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Angela P Nguyen
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Courtney Schubert
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yuefei Lou
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Graciela Andonegui
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mircea Iftinca
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deepa Raju
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario A Vargas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tamás Füzesi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine Optogenetics Core Facility, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jaideep Bains
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Deborah Kurrasch
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Joe Jonathan Harrison
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Christophe Altier
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Bryan G Yipp
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Yang J, Isaka T, Kikuchi K, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Ishikawa T. Bacterial accumulation in intestinal folds induced by physical and biological factors. BMC Biol 2024; 22:76. [PMID: 38581018 PMCID: PMC10998401 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota, vital for host health, influences metabolism, immune function, and development. Understanding the dynamic processes of bacterial accumulation within the gut is crucial, as it is closely related to immune responses, antibiotic resistance, and colorectal cancer. We investigated Escherichia coli behavior and distribution in zebrafish larval intestines, focusing on the gut microenvironment. RESULTS We discovered that E. coli spread was considerably suppressed within the intestinal folds, leading to a strong physical accumulation in the folds. Moreover, a higher concentration of E. coli on the dorsal side than on the ventral side was observed. Our in vitro microfluidic experiments and theoretical analysis revealed that the overall distribution of E. coli in the intestines was established by a combination of physical factor and bacterial taxis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide valuable insight into how the intestinal microenvironment affects bacterial motility and accumulation, enhancing our understanding of the behavioral and ecological dynamics of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Toma Isaka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kenji Kikuchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Keiko Numayama-Tsuruta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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Anderer S. Drug-Resistant E coli in Pet Dogs Could Pose Risk to People. JAMA 2024; 331:1081. [PMID: 38477946 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
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Bisesi AT, Möbius W, Nadell CD, Hansen EG, Bowden SD, Harcombe WR. Bacteriophage specificity is impacted by interactions between bacteria. mSystems 2024; 9:e0117723. [PMID: 38376179 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01177-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Predators play a central role in shaping community structure, function, and stability. The degree to which bacteriophage predators (viruses that infect bacteria) evolve to be specialists with a single bacterial prey species versus generalists able to consume multiple types of prey has implications for their effect on microbial communities. The presence and abundance of multiple bacterial prey types can alter selection for phage generalists, but less is known about how interactions between prey shape predator specificity in microbial systems. Using a phenomenological mathematical model of phage and bacterial populations, we find that the dominant phage strategy depends on prey ecology. Given a fitness cost for generalism, generalist predators maintain an advantage when prey species compete, while specialists dominate when prey are obligately engaged in cross-feeding interactions. We test these predictions in a synthetic microbial community with interacting strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica by competing a generalist T5-like phage able to infect both prey against P22vir, an S. enterica-specific phage. Our experimental data conform to our modeling expectations when prey species are competing or obligately mutualistic, although our results suggest that the in vitro cost of generalism is caused by a combination of biological mechanisms not anticipated in our model. Our work demonstrates that interactions between bacteria play a role in shaping ecological selection on predator specificity in obligately lytic bacteriophages and emphasizes the diversity of ways in which fitness trade-offs can manifest. IMPORTANCE There is significant natural diversity in how many different types of bacteria a bacteriophage can infect, but the mechanisms driving this diversity are unclear. This study uses a combination of mathematical modeling and an in vitro system consisting of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, a T5-like generalist phage, and the specialist phage P22vir to highlight the connection between bacteriophage specificity and interactions between their potential microbial prey. Mathematical modeling suggests that competing bacteria tend to favor generalist bacteriophage, while bacteria that benefit each other tend to favor specialist bacteriophage. Experimental results support this general finding. The experiments also show that the optimal phage strategy is impacted by phage degradation and bacterial physiology. These findings enhance our understanding of how complex microbial communities shape selection on bacteriophage specificity, which may improve our ability to use phage to manage antibiotic-resistant microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ave T Bisesi
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wolfram Möbius
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Carey D Nadell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Eleanore G Hansen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven D Bowden
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - William R Harcombe
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Rajabloo A, Karimi J, Mehrabadi M. Differential induction of NF-κB pathways by non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria in Helicoverpa armigera is critical for an efficient immune response and survival. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 203:108049. [PMID: 38159795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Following pathogen infection in a host, extensive changes occur in the host's gene expression pattern to suppress infection and increase the chance of host survival. Likewise, many pathogens have evolved to evade/suppress host immunity and increase their survival within the host. In this study, we assessed the NF-κB (Imd and Toll) essential gene expression response of Helicoverpa armigera to an entomopathogenic Serratia marcescens and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. Bacterial cells of S. marcescens or E. coli were injected into the haemocoel of fifth-instar larvae of H. armigera, whereas distilled water was injected into control insects. Our results showed that the expression levels of the Imd and Toll pathway genes (i.e., Relish, imd, spätzle and dif) and the antimicrobial peptides (i.e., gloverin, transferin, gallerimycin, and galiomicin) were differentially expressed following the bacterial injections while control larvae showed no differences. The E. coli injection induced higher and longer-lasted gene expression than the S. marcescens injected larvae, in which the gene expressions were diminished from 24 h post injection. Transcript Knockdown of Relish increased the replication rates of S. marcescens and E. coli, and lowered the infected larvae survival rates. These results showed that H. armigera NF-κB immunity pathways (particularly Imd pathway) play a vital role in immunity against bacterial infections, and S. marcescens might modulate these pathways to survive and replicate in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Rajabloo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Karimi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehrabadi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Ascensao JA, Denk J, Lok K, Yu Q, Wetmore KM, Hallatschek O. Rediversification following ecotype isolation reveals hidden adaptive potential. Curr Biol 2024; 34:855-867.e6. [PMID: 38325377 PMCID: PMC10911448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities play a critical role in ecological processes, and their diversity is key to their functioning. However, little is known about whether communities can regenerate ecological diversity following ecotype removal or extinction and how the rediversified communities would compare to the original ones. Here, we show that simple two-ecotype communities from the E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) consistently rediversified into two ecotypes following the isolation of one of the ecotypes, coexisting via negative frequency-dependent selection. Communities separated by more than 30,000 generations of evolutionary time rediversify in similar ways. The rediversified ecotype appears to share a number of growth traits with the ecotype it replaces. However, the rediversified community is also different from the original community in ways relevant to the mechanism of ecotype coexistence-for example, in stationary phase response and survival. We found substantial variation in the transcriptional states between the two original ecotypes, whereas the differences within the rediversified community were comparatively smaller, although the rediversified community showed unique patterns of differential expression. Our results suggest that evolution may leave room for alternative diversification processes even in a maximally reduced community of only two strains. We hypothesize that the presence of alternative evolutionary pathways may be even more pronounced in communities of many species where there are even more potential niches, highlighting an important role for perturbations, such as species removal, in evolving ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao A Ascensao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonas Denk
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Lok
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Present affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - QinQin Yu
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
- Present affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kelly M Wetmore
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Oskar Hallatschek
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Sabariselvan L, Okla MK, Brindha B, Kokilavani S, A Abdel-Maksoud M, El-Tayeb MA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Alatar AA, Sivaranjani PR, Sudheer Khan S. Interfacial coupling of CuFe 2O 4 induced hotspots over self-assembled g-C 3N 4 nanosheets as an efficient photocatalytic bacterial disinfectant. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:123076. [PMID: 38048873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Most bacterial disinfectants contain high levels of extremely toxic and environmental hazardous chemicals, which pose a significant threat to the ecosystem. Semiconductor photocatalysis exhibits attractive prospects as an emerging greener technology for waste water disinfection. However, the fast recombination of charge carriers limits its practical application. Herein, self-assembled polymeric feather-like g-C3N4 (GCN) nanosheets modified with ferromagnetic CuFe2O4 (CFO) nanospheres were successfully applied as a reusable visible light photocatalytic disinfectant. As expected, the g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 (GCF) nanohybrid displayed superior photocatalytic inactivation efficiency of 0.157log within 120 min towards Escherichia coli DH5α (E. coli) compared with pristine GCN and CFO. The characterization results revealed the synergistic heterostructure interfaces, high surface area, and the transformative self-assembly of GCN to feather-like structure providing a rich active site for improved charge separation efficiency, and wide spectral response, therefore the superior performance of GCF. The radical trapping assay proclaimed that both O2•- and •OH radical played major role in the photocatalytic inactivation among the other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), protein estimation, and DNA estimation assay results validated the cell damage caused by the photocatalyst. Besides that, GCN showed applicability in real-time wastewater samples with improved efficiency than in the saline solution. The excellent magnetic characteristics facilitated the recycling of the catalyst with insignificant leaching, magnetic induction, and distinguished separation. The results of this work signify the well-designed GCF as a high-performance and reusable photocatalyst for real-world pathogenic bacterial disinfection operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sabariselvan
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Brindha
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kokilavani
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El-Tayeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Ghamdi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - P R Sivaranjani
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Sudheer Khan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Chai VZ, Farajzadeh T, Meng Y, Lo SB, Asaed TA, Taylor CJ, Glater EE. Chemical basis of microbiome preference in the nematode C. elegans. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1350. [PMID: 38228683 PMCID: PMC10791660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals are exposed to many microbes in their environment, some of which have been shown to colonize various tissues including the intestine. The composition of the intestinal microbiota affects many aspects of the host's physiology and health. Despite this, very little is known about whether host behavior contributes to the colonization. We approach this question in the nematode C. elegans, which feeds on bacteria and also harbors an intestinal microbiome. We examined the behavior of C. elegans towards CeMbio, a simplified microbiome consisting of twelve strains that represent the bacteria found in the animal's natural environment. We observed that C. elegans raised on E. coli shows a strong preference for three members of CeMbio (Lelliottia amnigena JUb66, Enterobacter hormaechei CEent1, and Pantoea nemavictus BIGb0393) compared to E. coli. Previously, these three bacterial strains have been shown to support faster C. elegans development time than E. coli OP50 and are low colonizers compared to eight other members of CeMbio. We then used gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to identify that these three bacteria release isoamyl alcohol, a previously described C. elegans chemoattractant. We suggest that C. elegans seeks bacteria that release isoamyl alcohol and support faster growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Z Chai
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | | | - Yufei Meng
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Sokhna B Lo
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Tymmaa A Asaed
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
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13
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Saleem A, Mumtaz PT, Saleem S, Manzoor T, Taban Q, Dar MA, Bhat B, Ahmad SM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of E. coli & Staphylococcus aureus infected goat mammary epithelial cells reveals genes associated with infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111213. [PMID: 37995572 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, imposes a significant financial burden on the dairy sector. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions with goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic response of GMECs during infection with E. coli and S. aureus, providing insights into the host-pathogen interactions. Differential expression of gene (DEGs) analysis was done to find genes and pathways dysregulated in the wake of infection. E. coli infection triggered a robust upregulation of immune response genes, including pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines as well as genes involved in tissue repair and remodeling. Conversely, S. aureus infection showed a more complex pattern, involving the activation of immune-related gene as well as those involved in autophagy, apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Furthermore, several key pathways, such as Toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, were differentially modulated in response to each pathogen. Understanding the specific responses of GMECs to these pathogens will provide a foundation for understanding the complex dynamics of infection and host response, offering potential avenues for the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India
| | | | - Sahar Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Tasaduq Manzoor
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Qamar Taban
- Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India.
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India.
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14
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He Y, Jin H, Ju F. Toxicological effects and underlying mechanisms of chlorination-derived metformin byproducts in Escherichia coli. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167281. [PMID: 37758144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination-derived byproducts of the emerging contaminant metformin, such as (3E)-3-(chloroimino)-N,N-dimethyl-3H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (3,3-CDTA) and N-cyano-N,N-dimethylcarbaminmidic chloride (NCDC), occur in global waters and are toxic to organisms, from bacteria to mice. However, the mechanisms underlying their toxicity remain unknown. Here, we explored the toxicological effects and potential molecular mechanisms of 3,3-CDTA and NCDC at milligram concentrations, using Escherichia coli as a model organism. Compared with metformin (>300 mg/L), 3,3-CDTA and NCDC exerted stronger toxicity to E. coli, with a 4-h half maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.97 mg/L and 75.7 mg/L, respectively. Both byproducts disrupted E. coli cellular structures and components, decreased membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis, and led to excessive reactive oxidative species (ROS), as well as the ROS-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Proteomic analysis and molecular docking supported these biomarker responses in the byproduct-treated E. coli, and indicated potential damage to DNA/RNA processes, while also provided novel insights into the toxicological and detoxified-byproduct effects at the proteome level. The toxicity-related events of NCDC and 3,3-CDTA included membrane disruption, oxidative stress, and abnormal protein expression. This study is the first to examine the toxicological effects of chlorination-derived metformin byproducts in E. coli and the associated pathways involved; thereby broadening our understanding regarding the toxicity and transformation risks of metformin throughout its entire life process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen He
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; Research Centre for Industries of the Future, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.
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15
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Abdel-Shafi S, Abd El-Hack ME, Amen S, Helmi A, Swelum AA, Tellez-Isaias G, Enan G. The efficacy of some probiotics and prebiotics on the prevalence of E. coli and the immune response of chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103219. [PMID: 37993387 PMCID: PMC10755822 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics in controlling Escherichia coli (E. coli) spp. isolated from chicken. A total of 230 birds representing 19 different commercial breeds were taken from various points. Birds were monitored for postmortem and clinical investigation. Aseptically collected liver samples, lungs, kidneys, hearts, and yolk sacs were then subjected to bacterial isolation and identification. E. coli were observed in 9 pooled samples from 120 examined with an incidence of 7.5%. Nine farms were E. coli-positive, with an incidence of farm infection of 47.3%. The 9 suspected isolates of E. coli were profiled by morphological and microbiological identification of the colony, motility, and gram reaction. The serogroup analysis showed 9 different E. coli for which 3 other groups were identified: 2 E. coli O78, 3 E. coli O111, and 4 untyped groups. Nine isolates of E. coli were subjected to PCR. Molecular detection of 9 strains was conducted to find the virulence genes of E. coli strains (8 STX1, 4 STX2, and 9 EAE). Probiotics and prebiotics significantly increased the total erythrocytic and leukocytic counts throughout the experiment. The phagocytic percentage's main values at 14 d were 47 and 30%, respectively. An increase in the humoral immunity against Newcastle disease (ND) was noticed after ND vaccination. The geometric mean (HI) was 5.9 and 4.2 for probiotic and prebiotic, respectively. It could be concluded that probiotics and prebiotics could stimulate a nonspecific immune response against experimental infection with a virulent strain of E. coli spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Abdel-Shafi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Samy Amen
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Anaam Helmi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Gamal Enan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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16
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Kamdar S, Ghosh D, Lee W, Tătulea-Codrean M, Kim Y, Ghosh S, Kim Y, Cheepuru T, Lauga E, Lim S, Cheng X. Multiflagellarity leads to the size-independent swimming speed of peritrichous bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310952120. [PMID: 37991946 PMCID: PMC10691209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310952120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To swim through a viscous fluid, a flagellated bacterium must overcome the fluid drag on its body by rotating a flagellum or a bundle of multiple flagella. Because the drag increases with the size of bacteria, it is expected theoretically that the swimming speed of a bacterium inversely correlates with its body length. Nevertheless, despite extensive research, the fundamental size-speed relation of flagellated bacteria remains unclear with different experiments reporting conflicting results. Here, by critically reviewing the existing evidence and synergizing our own experiments of large sample sizes, hydrodynamic modeling, and simulations, we demonstrate that the average swimming speed of Escherichia coli, a premier model of peritrichous bacteria, is independent of their body length. Our quantitative analysis shows that such a counterintuitive relation is the consequence of the collective flagellar dynamics dictated by the linear correlation between the body length and the number of flagella of bacteria. Notably, our study reveals how bacteria utilize the increasing number of flagella to regulate the flagellar motor load. The collective load sharing among multiple flagella results in a lower load on each flagellar motor and therefore faster flagellar rotation, which compensates for the higher fluid drag on the longer bodies of bacteria. Without this balancing mechanism, the swimming speed of monotrichous bacteria generically decreases with increasing body length, a feature limiting the size variation of the bacteria. Altogether, our study resolves a long-standing controversy over the size-speed relation of flagellated bacteria and provides insights into the functional benefit of multiflagellarity in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kamdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Dipanjan Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Wanho Lee
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Tătulea-Codrean
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Yongsam Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Supriya Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Youngjun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Tejesh Cheepuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Eric Lauga
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Sookkyung Lim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45221
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
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Yang RQ, Chen YH, Wu QY, Tang J, Niu SZ, Zhao Q, Ma YC, Zou CG. Indole produced during dysbiosis mediates host-microorganism chemical communication. eLife 2023; 12:e85362. [PMID: 37987602 PMCID: PMC10691800 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, has a substantial impact on host physiology. However, the mechanism by which host deals with gut dysbiosis to maintain fitness remains largely unknown. In Caenorhabditis elegans, Escherichia coli, which is its bacterial diet, proliferates in its intestinal lumen during aging. Here, we demonstrate that progressive intestinal proliferation of E. coli activates the transcription factor DAF-16, which is required for maintenance of longevity and organismal fitness in worms with age. DAF-16 up-regulates two lysozymes lys-7 and lys-8, thus limiting the bacterial accumulation in the gut of worms during aging. During dysbiosis, the levels of indole produced by E. coli are increased in worms. Indole is involved in the activation of DAF-16 by TRPA-1 in neurons of worms. Our finding demonstrates that indole functions as a microbial signal of gut dysbiosis to promote fitness of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qiu Yang
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yong-Hong Chen
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qin-yi Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Jie Tang
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Shan-Zhuang Niu
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qiu Zhao
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yi-Cheng Ma
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Cheng-Gang Zou
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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18
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Niu Y, Zhang R, Yuan J. Flagellar motors of swimming bacteria contain an incomplete set of stator units to ensure robust motility. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi6724. [PMID: 37922360 PMCID: PMC10624342 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Flagellated bacteria, like Escherichia coli, swim by rotating helical flagellar filaments powered by rotary flagellar motors at their base. Motor dynamics are sensitive to the load it drives. It was previously thought that motor load was high when driving filament rotation in free liquid environments. However, torque measurements from swimming bacteria revealed substantially lower values compared to single-motor studies. We addressed this inconsistency through motor resurrection experiments, abruptly attaching a 1-micrometer-diameter bead to the filament to ensure high load. Unexpectedly, we found that the motor works with only half the complement of stator units when driving filament rotation. This suggests that the motor is not under high load during bacterial swimming, which we confirmed by measuring the torque-speed relationship by varying media viscosity. Therefore, the motor operates in an intermediate-load region, adaptively regulating its stator number on the basis of external load conditions. This ensures the robustness of bacterial motility when swimming in diverse load conditions and varying flagella numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Niu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rongjing Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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19
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Cordisco E, Zanor MI, Moreno DM, Serra DO. Selective inhibition of the amyloid matrix of Escherichia coli biofilms by a bifunctional microbial metabolite. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:81. [PMID: 37857690 PMCID: PMC10587114 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The propensity of bacteria to grow collectively in communities known as biofilms and their ability to overcome clinical treatments in this condition has become a major medical problem, emphasizing the need for anti-biofilm strategies. Antagonistic microbial interactions have extensively served as searching platforms for antibiotics, but their potential as sources for anti-biofilm compounds has barely been exploited. By screening for microorganisms that in agar-set pairwise interactions could antagonize Escherichia coli's ability to form macrocolony biofilms, we found that the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis strongly inhibits the synthesis of amyloid fibers -known as curli-, which are the primary extracellular matrix (ECM) components of E. coli biofilms. We identified bacillaene, a B. subtilis hybrid non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide metabolite, previously described as a bacteriostatic antibiotic, as the effector molecule. We found that bacillaene combines both antibiotic and anti-curli functions in a concentration-dependent order that potentiates the ecological competitiveness of B. subtilis, highlighting bacillaene as a metabolite naturally optimized for microbial inhibition. Our studies revealed that bacillaene inhibits curli by directly impeding the assembly of the CsgB and CsgA curli subunits into amyloid fibers. Moreover, we found that curli inhibition occurs despite E. coli attempts to reinforce its protective ECM by inducing curli genes via a RpoS-mediated competition sensing response trigged by the threatening presence of B. subtilis. Overall, our findings illustrate the relevance of exploring microbial interactions not only for finding compounds with unknown and unique activities, but for uncovering additional functions of compounds previously categorized as antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Cordisco
- Laboratorio de Estructura y Fisiología de Biofilms Microbianos, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Predio CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, (2000), Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Inés Zanor
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo y Señalización en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Predio CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, (2000), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego Martín Moreno
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Predio CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, (2000) Rosario, Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Suipacha 531, (2000), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego Omar Serra
- Laboratorio de Estructura y Fisiología de Biofilms Microbianos, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Predio CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
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20
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Tjalma AJ, Galstyan V, Goedhart J, Slim L, Becker NB, ten Wolde PR. Trade-offs between cost and information in cellular prediction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303078120. [PMID: 37792515 PMCID: PMC10576116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303078120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Living cells can leverage correlations in environmental fluctuations to predict the future environment and mount a response ahead of time. To this end, cells need to encode the past signal into the output of the intracellular network from which the future input is predicted. Yet, storing information is costly while not all features of the past signal are equally informative on the future input signal. Here, we show for two classes of input signals that cellular networks can reach the fundamental bound on the predictive information as set by the information extracted from the past signal: Push-pull networks can reach this information bound for Markovian signals, while networks that take a temporal derivative can reach the bound for predicting the future derivative of non-Markovian signals. However, the bits of past information that are most informative about the future signal are also prohibitively costly. As a result, the optimal system that maximizes the predictive information for a given resource cost is, in general, not at the information bound. Applying our theory to the chemotaxis network of Escherichia coli reveals that its adaptive kernel is optimal for predicting future concentration changes over a broad range of background concentrations, and that the system has been tailored to predicting these changes in shallow gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Age J. Tjalma
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XGAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vahe Galstyan
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XGAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lotte Slim
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XGAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nils B. Becker
- Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Priya A, Chandel S, Joon A, Ghosh S. Molecular mechanism of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli induced apoptosis in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37846959 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an evolving etiological agent of acute and persistent diarrhoea worldwide. The previous study from our laboratory has reported the apoptosis-inducing activity of EAEC in human small intestinal and colonic epithelial cell lines. In the present investigation, we have explored the underlying mechanism of EAEC-induced apoptosis in human intestinal epithelial cell lines.Methods. INT-407 and HCT-15 cells were infected with EAEC-T8 and EAEC-pT8 (plasmid cured strain of EAEC-T8) separately. Cells cultured in the absence of bacteria served as a negative control in all the experiments. For the subsequent experiments, the molecular mechanism(s) of epithelial cell aposptosis was measured in EAEC infecting both the cell lines by flow cytometry, real-time PCR and Western blotting.Results and conclusions. EAEC was found to activate the intrinsic/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in both the cell lines through upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak, un-alteration/reduction in the level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, accumulation of cytosolic cytochrome c leading to activation of procaspase-9 and procaspase-3, which ultimately resulted in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Further, an increased expression of Fas, activation of procaspase-8 and upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bid in the EAEC-infected cells indicated the involvement of extrinsic apoptotic pathway too in this process. Our finding has undoubtedly led to an increased understanding of EAEC pathogenesis, which may be helpful to develop an improved strategy to combat the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Priya
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shipra Chandel
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Archana Joon
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sujata Ghosh
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Li Y, Xu M, Zhai H, Yang C, Yang J, Ke Z, Chen W, Ou J, Sha Z, Xiao Q. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from Bacteroides vulgatus effectively prevents LPS extracted from Escherichia coli from inducing epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:195. [PMID: 37681466 PMCID: PMC10502948 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to fulfill a key role in the development and progression of a variety of lung diseases. It has been demonstrated that the inflammatory microenvironment is a decisive factor in inducing pathological EMT. Hexacylated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [or proacylated lipopolysaccharide (P‑LPS), which functions as proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide] is one of the most effective Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists. Furthermore, the pentacylated and tetracylated form of lipopolysaccharide (or A‑LPS, which functions as anti‑inflammatory lipopolysaccharide) has been shown to elicit competitive antagonistic effects against the pro‑inflammatory activity of P‑LPS. At present, it remains unclear whether LPS extracted from Bacteroides vulgatus (BV‑LPS) can prevent LPS extracted from Escherichia coli (EC‑LPS) from inducing pathological EMT. In the present study, A549 cells and C57BL/6 mice lung tissue were both induced by EC‑LPS (P‑LPS) and BV‑LPS (A‑LPS), either alone or in combination. The anticipated anti‑inflammatory effects of BV‑LPS were analyzed by examining the lung coefficient, lung pathology, A549 cell morphology and expression levels both of the inflammatory cytokines, IL‑1β, IL‑6 and TNF‑α and of the EMT signature proteins, epithelial cadherin (E‑cadherin), α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA) and vimentin. In addition, the expression levels of TLR4, bone morphogenic protein and activin membrane‑bound inhibitor (BAMBI) and Snail were detected and the possible mechanism underlying how BV‑LPS may prevent EC‑LPS‑induced EMT was analyzed. The results obtained showed that the morphology of the A549 cells was significantly polarized, the lung index was significantly increased, the alveolar structure was collapsed and the expression levels of IL‑1β, IL‑6, TNF‑α, α‑SMA, vimentin, TLR4 and Snail in both lung tissue and A549 cells were significantly increased, whereas those of E‑cadherin and BAMBI were significantly decreased. Treatment with BV‑LPS in combination with EC‑LPS was found to reverse these changes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that BV‑LPS is able to effectively prevent EC‑LPS‑induced EMT in A549 cells and in mouse lung tissue and furthermore, the underlying mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the TLR4/BAMBI/Snail signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Li
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Mengdan Xu
- Shizhen College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550200, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Zhai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Changfu Yang
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Jiaotong Yang
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Zunli Ke
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Wanhao Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Jiangqin Ou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Zongge Sha
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xiao
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
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23
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Zhu D, Liu D, Zhao Y, Li H, Wang Z, Lu N. Study of coaxial-dual-gap dielectric barrier discharge based on capillary: discharge characteristics and Escherichia coli decontamination. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad183. [PMID: 37573137 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The medical capillary catheters occupy a high proportion of medical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment devices, and will cause serious cross-infection without being disinfected adequately. This paper presents a new plasma structure for efficient inactivation of harmful microorganisms in medical capillaries. METHODS AND RESULTS An innovative coaxial-dual-gap dielectric barrier discharge reactor powered by nanosecond-pulsed power supply was designed for disinfection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) inside and outside medical capillary catheters in this work. Atmospheric helium plasma (AHP) and atmospheric air plasma (AAP) were successfully obtained inside and outside capillary (0.6 mm inner diameter and 1.0 mm outer diameter), respectively. The electrical and optical characteristics of AHP and AAP were investigated. As the threshold of applied voltage amplitude (Uamp) was <7.0 kV, only one helium glow discharge was generated inside the capillary at the rising and falling stages of pulse voltage. As the Uamp exceeded the threshold, two helium glow discharges were generated that further caused generation of air discharge. Under the Uamp of 9.0 kV, the production of AHP lowered the breakdown voltage in air gap, resulting in the formation of high-volume and uniform AAP, which was conducive to the realization of full inactivation. The inactivation rates of E. coli reached 98.13% and 99.99% by 2 min AHP and 0.5 min AAP treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The electrical stress of AHP and the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by AAP were contributed to the inactivation of E. coli. The results of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) show that plasma treatment can destroy the cellular structure of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Supply Company Limited Economic Research Institute, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Dongping Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haiyu Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhishang Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Na Lu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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24
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Wander K, Fujita M, Mattison S, Gauck M, Duris M, Kiwelu I, Mmbaga BT. Does the immune system of milk increase activity for infants experiencing infectious disease episodes in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania? Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23897. [PMID: 36951242 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple studies have reported that milk immune content increases for infants experiencing infectious disease (ID) episodes, suggesting that the immune system of milk (ISOM) offers enhanced protection when needed to combat ID. METHODS To test the hypothesis that ISOM content and/or activity increases during an infant's ID episode, we characterized milk secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA; a major ISOM constituent) and in vitro interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses to Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, as system-level biomarkers of ISOM activity, in a prospective study among 96 mother-infant dyads in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. RESULTS After control for covariates, no milk immune variables (sIgA, Coef: 0.03; 95% CI -0.25, 0.32; in vitro IL-6 response to S. enterica, Coef: 0.23; 95% CI: -0.67, 1.13; IL-6 response to E. coli, Coef: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.98, 0.77) were associated with prevalent ID (diagnosed at the initial participation visit). Among infants experiencing an incident ID (diagnosed subsequent to the initial participation), milk immune content and responses were not substantially higher or lower than the initial visit (sIgA, N: 61; p: 0.788; IL-6 response to S. enterica, N: 56; p: 0.896; IL-6 response to E. coli, N: 36; p: 0.683); this was unchanged by exclusion of infants with ID at the time of initial participation. CONCLUSION These findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that milk delivers enhanced immune protection when infants experience ID. In environments with a high burden of ID, dynamism may be less valuable to maternal reproductive success than stability in the ISOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wander
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Masako Fujita
- Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Siobhán Mattison
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Megan Gauck
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Margaret Duris
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Ireen Kiwelu
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
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25
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Forsyth JH, Barron NL, Scott L, Watson BNJ, Chisnall MAW, Meaden S, van Houte S, Raymond B. Decolonizing drug-resistant E. coli with phage and probiotics: breaking the frequency-dependent dominance of residents. Microbiology (Reading) 2023; 169:001352. [PMID: 37418300 PMCID: PMC10433417 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Widespread antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria creates a persistent challenge for human health. Resident drug-resistant microbes can prevent clinical interventions, colonize wounds post-surgery, pass resistance traits to pathogens or move to more harmful niches following routine interventions such as catheterization. Accelerating the removal of resistant bacteria or actively decolonizing particular lineages from hosts could therefore have a number of long-term benefits. However, removing resident bacteria via competition with probiotics, for example, poses a number of ecological challenges. Resident microbes are likely to have physiological and numerical advantages and competition based on bacteriocins or other secreted antagonists is expected to give advantages to the dominant partner, via positive frequency dependence. Since a narrow range of Escherichia coli genotypes (primarily those belonging to the clonal group ST131) cause a significant proportion of multidrug-resistant infections, this group presents a promising target for decolonization with bacteriophage, as narrow-host-range viral predation could lead to selective removal of particular genotypes. In this study we tested how a combination of an ST131-specific phage and competition from the well-known probiotic E. coli Nissle strain could displace E. coli ST131 under aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions in vitro. We showed that the addition of phage was able to break the frequency-dependent advantage of a numerically dominant ST131 isolate. Moreover, the addition of competing E. coli Nissle could improve the ability of phage to suppress ST131 by two orders of magnitude. Low-cost phage resistance evolved readily in these experiments and was not inhibited by the presence of a probiotic competitor. Nevertheless, combinations of phage and probiotic produced stable long-term suppression of ST131 over multiple transfers and under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Combinations of phage and probiotic therefore have real potential for accelerating the removal of drug-resistant commensal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H. Forsyth
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
- Present address: Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Natalie L. Barron
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Lucy Scott
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | | | | | - Sean Meaden
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
- Present address: Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Stineke van Houte
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Ben Raymond
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
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26
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Xu Z, Gamble A, Niu WA, Smith MN, Sloan Siegrist M, Tuominen M, Santore MM. Contact Area and Deformation of Escherichia coli Cells Adhered on a Cationic Surface. Langmuir 2023; 39:6387-6398. [PMID: 37053037 PMCID: PMC10685399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
When bacteria adhere to surfaces, the chemical and mechanical character of the cell-substrate interface guides cell function and the development of microcolonies and biofilms. Alternately on bactericidal surfaces, intimate contact is critical to biofilm prevention. The direct study of the buried cell-substrate interfaces at the heart of these behaviors is hindered by the small bacterial cell size and inaccessibility of the contact region. Here, we present a total internal reflectance fluorescence depletion approach to measure the size of the cell-substrate contact region and quantify the gap separation and curvature near the contact zone, providing an assessment of the shapes of the near-surface undersides of adhered bacterial cells. Resolution of the gap height is about 10%, down to a few nanometers at contact. Using 1 and 2 μm silica spheres as calibration standards we report that, for flagella-free Escherichia coli (E. coli) adhering on a cationic poly-l-lysine layer, the cell-surface contact and apparent cell deformation vary with adsorbed cell configuration. Most cells adhere by their ends, achieving small contact areas of 0.15 μm2, corresponding to about 1-2% of the cell's surface. The altered Gaussian curvatures of end-adhered cells suggest the flattening of the envelope within the small contact region. When cells adhere by their sides, the contact area is larger, in the range 0.3-1.1 μm2 and comprising up to ∼12% of the cell's total surface. A region of sharper curvature, greater than that of the cells' original spherocylindrical shape, borders the flat contact region in cases of side-on or end-on cell adhesion, suggesting envelope stress. From the measured curvatures, precise stress distributions over the cell surface could be calculated in future studies that incorporate knowledge of envelope moduli. Overall the small contact areas of end-adhered cells may be a limiting factor for antimicrobial surfaces that kill on contact rather than releasing bactericide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Alexander Gamble
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Wuqi Amy Niu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Morgan N. Smith
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - M. Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Mark Tuominen
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Maria M. Santore
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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27
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Yang Y, Ge J, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Sun H, Li H. Long noncoding RNAs expression profile of RIP2 knockdown in chicken HD11 macrophages associated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) infection. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 142:104650. [PMID: 36736641 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) has been detected to cause many acute and chronic diseases, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Previous experiments have identified the effect of receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIP2) gene in APEC infection. Moreover, increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the anti-bacteria responses. However, little is known about the functions of lncRNAs, especially related to RIP2, in response to APEC. Therefore, we tried to reveal lncRNAs potentially involved in the immune and inflammatory response against APEC infection, with a particular focus on those possibly correlated with RIP2. A total of 1856 and 1373 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were identified in knockdown of RIP2 cells following APEC infection (shRIP2+APEC) vs. APEC and shRIP2 vs. wild type cells (WT), respectively, which were mainly enriched in lysosome, phagosome, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway. Significantly, TCONS_00009695 regulated by RIP2 could directly alter the expression of target BIRC3 to modulate cytokines and to participate in immune and inflammatory response against APEC infection. Our findings aid to a better understanding of host responses to APEC infection and provide new directions for understanding the potential association between lncRNAs and APEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiayi Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Huan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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28
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Ju T, Bourrie BCT, Forgie AJ, Pepin DM, Tollenaar S, Sergi CM, Willing BP. The Gut Commensal Escherichia coli Aggravates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0162822. [PMID: 36809030 PMCID: PMC10057047 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01628-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiota have been linked to metabolic endotoxemia as a contributing mechanism in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although identifying specific microbial taxa associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes remains difficult, certain bacteria may play an important role in initiating metabolic inflammation during disease development. The enrichment of the family Enterobacteriaceae, largely represented by Escherichia coli, induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) has been correlated with impaired glucose homeostasis; however, whether the enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in a complex gut microbial community in response to an HFD contributes to metabolic disease has not been established. To investigate whether the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae amplifies HFD-induced metabolic disease, a tractable mouse model with the presence or absence of a commensal E. coli strain was established. With an HFD treatment, but not a standard-chow diet, the presence of E. coli significantly increased body weight and adiposity and induced impaired glucose tolerance. In addition, E. coli colonization led to increased inflammation in liver and adipose and intestinal tissue under an HFD regimen. With a modest effect on gut microbial composition, E. coli colonization resulted in significant changes in the predicted functional potential of microbial communities. The results demonstrated the role of commensal E. coli in glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism in response to an HFD, indicating contributions of commensal bacteria to the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The findings of this research identified a targetable subset of the microbiota in the treatment of people with metabolic inflammation. IMPORTANCE Although identifying specific microbial taxa associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes remains difficult, certain bacteria may play an important role in initiating metabolic inflammation during disease development. Here, we used a mouse model distinguishable by the presence or absence of a commensal Escherichia coli strain in combination with a high-fat diet challenge to investigate the impact of E. coli on host metabolic outcomes. This is the first study to show that the addition of a single bacterial species to an animal already colonized with a complex microbial community can increase severity of metabolic outcomes. This study is of interest to a wide group of researchers because it provides compelling evidence to target the gut microbiota for therapeutic purposes by which personalized medicines can be made for treating metabolic inflammation. The study also provides an explanation for variability in studies investigating host metabolic outcomes and immune response to diet interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ju
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Benjamin C. T. Bourrie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Forgie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Deanna M. Pepin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tollenaar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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29
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Zheng H, Yan N, Feng W, Liu Y, Luo H, Jing G. Swimming of Buoyant Bacteria in Quiescent Medium and Shear Flows. Langmuir 2023; 39:4224-4232. [PMID: 36926901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gravity has an unavoidable effect on all living organisms inhabiting fluidic surroundings. To investigate the spatial distribution of bacteria in quiescent fluids and their rheotactic behavior in shear flows under buoyancy, we adjust the buoyant force to regulate bacterial swimming in a microfluidic channel. It is found that swimming bacteria of Escherichia coli exhibit an obvious vertical separation when exposed to a medium with high density and gradually gather close to the up wall within minutes. The bacterial population presents a net upward number flux, which enhances the trapping of motile bacteria onto the up surface as a result of buoyancy force apart from the hydrodynamic and kinematic interactions in quiescent fluids. When flow is imposed into the channel, the buoyancy effect is however significantly suppressed. Additionally, the drift velocity perpendicular to the buoyancy vector as a result of chirality-induced transverse swimming decreases with buoyancy force. However, this transverse drift capability is recovered after excluding the intrinsic swimming motility in a quiescent medium. Failing to escape from the trapping as a result of buoyant force allows for a facile separation of bacteria along the vertical direction. The findings also offer a controllable way to redisperse and homogenize the bacteria distribution close to walls by imposing a weak shear flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zheng
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningzhe Yan
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyin Jing
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
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30
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Ma J, Shi Y, An D, Chen Y, Guo J, Qian Y, Wang S, Lu J. Inactivation mechanism of E. coli in water by enhanced photocatalysis under visible light irradiation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 866:161450. [PMID: 36623654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and economical technologies for drinking water disinfection remains a challenge. We synthesized Ag/AgBr/LDH doped with various silver mass concentrations and explored its ability to inactivate E. coli under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm). Our results indicated a total inactivation of E. coli (107 CFU·mL-1) within 80 min using 2 % Ag/AgBr/LDH in a laboratory-scale test. The method was evaluated for disinfecting three effluent samples collected from one drinking water treatment plant, covering representative water treatment processes. After five consecutive runs, the inactivation efficiency decreased slightly to 89 % in CFU·mL-1, indicating that the photocatalysts had excellent stability and reusability. The mechanisms were analyzed by combining chemical and biological methods. It was verified that singlet oxygen (1O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and photo-generated electrons (e-) were significant contributors to the inactivation process. Scanning electron microscopy images analysis showed the disruption of the membrane integrity of E. coli by photocatalytic oxidation. Internal component leakage and reduced enzyme activity were also observed in terms of K+ leakage, β-galactosidase activity, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results by the transcriptomic analysis implied that Ag/AgBr/LDH regulating the oxidative stress response and cell membrane damage related genes was the main inactivation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ma
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Dong An
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Yunkun Qian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Shanghai Chengtou Water (Group) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200086, China
| | - Jinrong Lu
- Shanghai Chengtou Water (Group) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200086, China
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31
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Zhang Y, Cai Y, Chen Z. Community-specific diffusion characteristics determine resistance of biofilms to oxidative stress. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade2610. [PMID: 36961890 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are multicellular communities with a spatial structure. Different from single-cell scale diffusion in planktonic systems, the diffusion distance becomes the dimension of multicellular clusters in a biofilm. Such differences in diffusion behavior affect the tolerance and response to exogenous stress. Here, we found that at the same doses of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), planktonic Escherichia coli were completely killed within two hours, whereas the biofilm resumed growth in six hours by building a catalase barrier to block H2O2 penetration, despite the growth burden. Unexpectedly, when we changed the carbon source from glucose to glycerol, H2O2 instantly counterintuitively boosted biofilm growth due to supplemental oxygen, which was the growth-limiting factor. We further demonstrated that the energy metabolism modes determined the growth-limiting factor, which then determined the two patterns of biofilms resistances to H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yumin Cai
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315020, China
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32
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Alonzo-De la Rosa CM, Miard S, Taubert S, Picard F. Methods to extract and study the biological effects of murine gut microbiota using Caenorhabditis elegans as a screening host. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281887. [PMID: 36821579 PMCID: PMC9949637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been established as a main regulator of health. However, how changes in gut microbiota are directly associated with physiological and cellular alterations has been difficult to tackle on a large-scale basis, notably because of the cost and labor-extensive resources required for rigorous experiments in mammals. In the present study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to elucidate microbiota-host interactions. We developed a method to extract gut microbiota (MCB) from murine feces, and tested its potential as food source for and its impact on C. elegans biology compared to the standard bacterial diet Escherichia coli OP50. Although less preferred than OP50, MCB was not avoided but had a lower energy density (triglycerides and glucose). Consistently, MCB-fed worms exhibited smaller body length and size, lower fertility, and lower fat content than OP50-fed worms, but had a longer mean lifespan, which resembles the effects of calorie restriction in mammals. However, these outcomes were altered when bacteria were inactivated, suggesting an important role of symbiosis of MCB beyond nutrient source. Taken together, our findings support the effectiveness of gut MCB processing to test its effects in C. elegans. More work comparing MCB of differently treated mice or humans is required to further validate relevance to mammals before large-scale screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miriam Alonzo-De la Rosa
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Miard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefan Taubert
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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33
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Liu W, Xu Y, Slaveykova VI. Oxidative stress induced by sub-lethal exposure to copper as a mediator in development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160516. [PMID: 36470380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Limited information exists on how bacterial resistance to antibiotics is acquired and altered in response to short-term metal stress, and what the prevailing pathways are. Here the precursor mechanisms of development of bacterial antibiotic resistance mediated by oxidative stress induce under sub-lethal Cu2+ exposure were explored. The results showed that the overall level of antibiotic resistance in wild-type Escherichia coli and antibiotic-resistant E. coli was enhanced under 4 and 20 mg/L Cu2+ exposure, as demonstrated by the 2- to 8-fold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC correlated with the increase of the cellular ROS generation and the enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activity (p < 0.05), suggesting that changes in antibiotic resistance under sub-lethal Cu2+ exposure could be associated with oxidative stress. Likewise, enhanced cell membrane permeability and an increase in the number of bacteria entering the viable but non culturable (VBNC) state contributed to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Moreover, the variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that the alterations of the antibiotic resistance phenotype of wild-type E. coli was mainly caused by oxidative stress-mediated increase in cell membrane permeability and entry into the VBNC state. The development of antibiotic resistance in resistant E. coli was primarily attributed to changes in the abundance and horizontal transfer ability of its antibiotic resistance genes, both of which contributed up to 20 %. Taken together the results allowed to propose a conseptual scheme on developing bacterial antibiotic resistance mediated by oxidative stress under sub-lethal Cu2+ exposure. This result provided a strong basis for reduction of early bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Bvd. Carl-Vogt 66, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yan Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 300191, Fukang Road 31, Tianjin, China.
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Bvd. Carl-Vogt 66, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Xu J, Xu J, Shi T, Zhang Y, Chen F, Yang C, Guo X, Liu G, Shao D, Leong KW, Nie G. Probiotic-Inspired Nanomedicine Restores Intestinal Homeostasis in Colitis by Regulating Redox Balance, Immune Responses, and the Gut Microbiome. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2207890. [PMID: 36341495 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota-based therapeutics offer innovative strategies to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, the poor clinical outcome so far and the limited flexibility of the bacterial approach call for improvement. Inspired by the health benefits of probiotics in alleviating symptoms of bowel diseases, bioartificial probiotics are designed to restore the intestinal microenvironment in colitis by regulating redox balance, immune responses, and the gut microbiome. The bioartificial probiotic comprises two components: an E. coli Nissle 1917-derived membrane (EM) as the surface and the biodegradable diselenide-bridged mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SeM) as the core. When orally administered, the probiotic-inspired nanomedicine (SeM@EM) adheres strongly to the mucus layer and restored intestinal redox balance and immune regulation homeostasis in a murine model of acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. In addition, the respective properties of the EM and SeM synergistically alter the gut microbiome to a favorable state by increasing the bacterial diversity and shifting the microbiome profile to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. This work suggests a safe and effective nanomedicine that can restore intestinal homeostasis for IBDs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junchao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xinjing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Shao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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35
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Li Z, Niu L, Wang L, Mei T, Shang W, Cheng X, Li Y, Xi F, Song X, Shao Y, Xu Y, Tu J. Biodistribution of 89Zr-DFO-labeled avian pathogenic Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles by PET imaging in chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102364. [PMID: 36525747 PMCID: PMC9791172 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a serious systemic infectious disease in poultry infections, causing severe economic losses to the poultry industry. Previous studies have shown that secretion of virulence proteins was required for the pathogenicity of APEC through the secretion system. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are a generalized secretion system of Gram-negative bacteria that play a key role in the long-distance delivery of virulence factors, but whether they are associated with the pathogenic mechanism of APEC has not been determined. In this study, OMVs were purified and characterized from AE17 (O2 serotype) by ultracentrifugation and density gradient centrifugation and their protein cargo was identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, 89Zr was labeled after chelating AE17 OMVs by DFO and positron emission tomography PET imaging was used to track 89Zr-DFO-OMVs in chickens and to pathologically analyze the distribution sites. This study showed that AE17 OMVs were membrane vesicles ranging in size from 20 to 200 nm and proteomic analysis revealed the presence of virulence proteins, including adhesion proteins OmpA, OmpC, OmpF, OmpX, FimH, FimC and FigE, and serum resistance proteins OmpT and MliC and immune response regulator proteins (FliC). In addition, in vivo PET imaging to track the biodistribution of AE17 OMVs showed that AE17 OMVs were taken up by the lung region and the gastrointestinal and renal regions but were not detected in other areas. Pathological analysis of the tissue sites where AE17 OMVs were ingested showed inflammatory responses and damage. These findings suggested that AE17 OMVs not only contained a group of virulence proteins associated with AE17 infection but can also deliver these virulence proteins over long distances and caused tissue inflammatory damage. Our study revealed a previously unidentified causative microbial signal in the pathogenesis of APEC that could aid in the development of vaccines and antibiotics effective against APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lulu Niu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Ting Mei
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Feng Xi
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Wong YY, Lee CW, Chai SCY, Lim JH, Bong CW, Sim EUH, Narayanan K, Hii YS, Wang AJ. Distribution of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters of Peninsular Malaysia and their decay rates in tropical seawater. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 185:114297. [PMID: 36327936 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the appropriateness of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters. We compared total coliform (undetectable to 7.2 × 105 cfu 100 mL-1), faecal coliform (undetectable to 6.1 × 105 cfu 100 mL-1) and enterococci (undetectable to 3.1 × 104 cfu 100 mL-1) distribution in Peninsular Malaysia. Faecal indicator bacteria was highest in freshwater, and lowest in seawater (q > 4.18, p < 0.01). We also measured the decay rates of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium in microcosms. In seawater, average decay rate for E. coli was 0.084 ± 0.029 h-1, and higher than E. faecium (0.048 ± 0.024 h-1) (t = 2.527, p < 0.05). Grazing accounted for 54 % of both E. coli and E. faecium decay. E. coli decayed in the <0.02 μm seawater fraction (0.023 ± 0.012 h-1) but E. faecium sometimes grew. Seawater warming further uncoupled the response from both E. coli and E. faecium as E. faecium grew and E. coli decayed with warming. Our results suggested that the prevalence of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters was not due to faecal pollution alone, and this will have serious implications towards the use of these faecal indicator bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi You Wong
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon Weng Lee
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Stanley Choon Yip Chai
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joon Hai Lim
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chui Wei Bong
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Edmund Ui Hang Sim
- Faculty of Resource Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kumaran Narayanan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yii Siang Hii
- Pakar Scieno TW Pte. Ltd., 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Coastal and Marine Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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37
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Hudson AW, Barnes AJ, Bray AS, Ornelles DA, Zafar MA. Klebsiella pneumoniae l-Fucose Metabolism Promotes Gastrointestinal Colonization and Modulates Its Virulence Determinants. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0020622. [PMID: 36129299 PMCID: PMC9584338 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00206-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by Klebsiella pneumoniae is generally considered asymptomatic. However, gut colonization allows K. pneumoniae to either translocate to sterile site within the same host or transmit through the fecal-oral route to another host. K. pneumoniae gut colonization is poorly understood, but knowledge of this first step toward infection and spread is critical for combatting its disease manifestations. K. pneumoniae must overcome colonization resistance (CR) provided by the host microbiota to establish itself within the gut. One such mechanism of CR is through nutrient competition. Pathogens that metabolize a broad range of substrates have the ability to bypass nutrient competition and overcome CR. Herein, we demonstrate that in response to mucin-derived fucose, the conserved fucose metabolism operon (fuc) of K. pneumoniae is upregulated in the murine gut, and we subsequently show that fucose metabolism promotes robust gut colonization. Growth studies using cecal filtrate as a proxy for the gut lumen illustrate the growth advantage that the fuc operon provides K. pneumoniae. We further show that fucose metabolism allows K. pneumoniae to be competitive with a commensal Escherichia coli isolate (Nissle). However, Nissle is eventually able to outcompete K. pneumoniae, suggesting that it can be utilized to enhance CR. Finally, we observed that fucose metabolism positively modulates hypermucoviscosity, autoaggregation, and biofilm formation but not capsule biogenesis. Together, these insights enhance our understanding of the role of alternative carbon sources in K. pneumoniae gut colonization and the complex relationship between metabolism and virulence in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Hudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew J. Barnes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew S. Bray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David A. Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - M. Ammar Zafar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Schink SJ, Gough Z, Biselli E, Huiman MG, Chang YF, Basan M, Gerland U. MetA is a "thermal fuse" that inhibits growth and protects Escherichia coli at elevated temperatures. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111290. [PMID: 36044860 PMCID: PMC10477958 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive stress resistance in microbes is mostly attributed to the expression of stress response genes, including heat-shock proteins. Here, we report a response of E. coli to heat stress caused by degradation of an enzyme in the methionine biosynthesis pathway (MetA). While MetA degradation can inhibit growth, which by itself is detrimental for fitness, we show that it directly benefits survival at temperatures exceeding 50°C, increasing survival chances by more than 1,000-fold. Using both experiments and mathematical modeling, we show quantitatively how protein expression, degradation rates, and environmental stressors cause long-term growth inhibition in otherwise habitable conditions. Because growth inhibition can be abolished with simple mutations, namely point mutations of MetA and protease knockouts, we interpret the breakdown of methionine synthesis as a system that has evolved to halt growth at high temperatures, analogous to "thermal fuses" in engineering that shut off electricity to prevent overheating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin J Schink
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Zara Gough
- Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Biselli
- Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mariel Garcia Huiman
- Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yu-Fang Chang
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Markus Basan
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulrich Gerland
- Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Hu P, Ly KL, Pham LPH, Pottash AE, Sheridan K, Wu HC, Tsao CY, Quan D, Bentley WE, Rubloff GW, Sintim HO, Luo X. Bacterial chemotaxis in static gradients quantified in a biopolymer membrane-integrated microfluidic platform. Lab Chip 2022; 22:3203-3216. [PMID: 35856590 PMCID: PMC9756273 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is a fundamental bacterial response mechanism to changes in chemical gradients of specific molecules known as chemoattractant or chemorepellent. The advancement of biological platforms for bacterial chemotaxis research is of significant interest for a wide range of biological and environmental studies. Many microfluidic devices have been developed for its study, but challenges still remain that can obscure analysis. For example, cell migration can be compromised by flow-induced shear stress, and bacterial motility can be impaired by nonspecific cell adhesion to microchannels. Also, devices can be complicated, expensive, and hard to assemble. We address these issues with a three-channel microfluidic platform integrated with natural biopolymer membranes that are assembled in situ. This provides several unique attributes. First, a static, steady and robust chemoattractant gradient was generated and maintained. Second, because the assembly incorporates assembly pillars, the assembled membrane arrays connecting nearby pillars can be created longer than the viewing window, enabling a wide 2D area for study. Third, the in situ assembled biopolymer membranes minimize pressure and/or chemiosmotic gradients that could induce flow and obscure chemotaxis study. Finally, nonspecific cell adhesion is avoided by priming the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel surfaces with Pluronic F-127. We demonstrated chemotactic migration of Escherichia coli as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa under well-controlled easy-to-assemble glucose gradients. We characterized motility using the chemotaxis partition coefficient (CPC) and chemotaxis migration coefficient (CMC) and found our results consistent with other reports. Further, random walk trajectories of individual cells in simple bright field images were conveniently tracked and presented in rose plots. Velocities were calculated, again in agreement with previous literature. We believe the biopolymer membrane-integrated platform represents a facile and convenient system for robust quantitative assessment of cellular motility in response to various chemical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA.
| | - Khanh L Ly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Le P H Pham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA.
| | - Alex E Pottash
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kathleen Sheridan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Wu
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Tsao
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - David Quan
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gary W Rubloff
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA.
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40
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Shave MK, Santore MM. Motility Increases the Numbers and Durations of Cell-Surface Engagements for Escherichia coli Flowing near Poly(ethylene glycol)-Functionalized Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:34342-34353. [PMID: 35857760 PMCID: PMC9674025 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are keenly sensitive to properties of the surfaces they contact, regulating their ability to form biofilms and initiate infections. This study examines how the presence of flagella, interactions between the cell body and the surface, or motility itself guides the dynamic contact between bacterial cells and a surface in flow, potentially enabling cells to sense physicochemical and mechanical properties of surfaces. This work focuses on a poly(ethylene glycol) biomaterial coating, which does not retain cells. In a comparison of four Escherichia coli strains with different flagellar expressions and motilities, cells with substantial run-and-tumble swimming motility exhibited increased flux to the interface (3 times the calculated transport-limited rate which adequately described the non-motile cells), greater proportions of cells engaging in dynamic nanometer-scale surface associations, extended times of contact with the surface, increased probability of return to the surface after escape and, as evidenced by slow velocities during near-surface travel, closer cellular approach. All these metrics, reported here as distributions of cell populations, point to a greater ability of motile cells, compared with nonmotile cells, to interact more closely, forcefully, and for greater periods of time with interfaces in flow. With contact durations of individual cells exceeding 10 s in the window of observation and trends suggesting further interactions beyond the field of view, the dynamic contact of individual cells may approach the minute timescales reported for mechanosensing and other cell recognition pathways. Thus, despite cell translation and the dynamic nature of contact, flow past a surface, even one rendered non-cell arresting by use of an engineered coating, may produce a subpopulation of cells already upregulating virulence factors before they arrest on a downstream surface and formally initiate biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria M. Santore
- corresponding author: Maria Santore, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, 413-577-1417,
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41
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Zeki S. A preliminary evaluation of microbial water quality in the irrigation pond. Water Environ Res 2022; 94:e10757. [PMID: 35765771 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the microbial water quality of Imrahor Pond by enumerating the coliform bacteria levels in the area. Water samples were collected biweekly from the surface and bottom waters at seven points in the pond. Samples were analyzed for total coliforms, Escherichia coli, physicochemical parameters (water temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate) and 1-day rainfall. The average values of TC and E. coli were 1487.4 and 36.3 MPN/100 ml, respectively. TC concentrations/physicochemical parameters were met at least 2nd class water quality class and E. coli results were met "guideline value" (E. coli < 250 MPN/100 ml) of national regulation. Overall, among measured physicochemical parameters, rainfall had the strongest positive correlation (r = 0.377 for total coliforms and r = 0.466 for E. coli, p < 0.05) with both indicators, indicted that surface runoff due to rainfall is the main factor which effects microbial water quality in the study area. This study demonstrated the preliminary microbial water quality results (TC and E. coli) in the Imrahor Pond and can serve as a basis for developing more precise water quality monitoring and management studies in the future. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Prevalence of TC and E. coli in the surface and bottom waters of Imrahor Pond were investigated for the first time. Imrahor Pond was met guideline value of national regulations based on E. coli concentrations, in the study period. Surface runoff after rainfall was the main environmental factor which influenced the microbial water quality of the pond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Zeki
- Department of Marine Environment, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Johnson C, Quach HQ, Lau C, Ekholt K, Espevik T, Woodruff TM, Pischke SE, Mollnes TE, Nilsson PH. Thrombin Differentially Modulates the Acute Inflammatory Response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Human Whole Blood. J Immunol 2022; 208:2771-2778. [PMID: 35675954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin plays a central role in thromboinflammatory responses, but its activity is blocked in the common ex vivo human whole blood models, making an ex vivo study of thrombin effects on thromboinflammatory responses unfeasible. In this study, we exploited the anticoagulant peptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (GPRP) that blocks fibrin polymerization to study the effects of thrombin on acute inflammation in response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Human blood was anticoagulated with either GPRP or the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin and incubated with either E. coli or S. aureus for up to 4 h at 37°C. In GPRP-anticoagulated blood, there were spontaneous elevations in thrombin levels and platelet activation, which further increased in the presence of bacteria. Complement activation and the expression of activation markers on monocytes and granulocytes increased to the same extent in both blood models in response to bacteria. Most cytokines were not elevated in response to thrombin alone, but thrombin presence substantially and heterogeneously modulated several cytokines that increased in response to bacterial incubations. Bacterial-induced releases of IL-8, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β were potentiated in the thrombin-active GPRP model, whereas the levels of IP-10, TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated in the thrombin-inactive lepirudin model. Complement C5-blockade, combined with CD14 inhibition, reduced the overall cytokine release significantly, both in thrombin-active and thrombin-inactive models. Our data support that thrombin itself marginally induces leukocyte-dependent cytokine release in this isolated human whole blood but is a significant modulator of bacteria-induced inflammation by a differential effect on cytokine patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Johnson
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huy Quang Quach
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Corinna Lau
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Karin Ekholt
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Søren Erik Pischke
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Clinic for Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; and
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Liu P, Wang X, Yang Q, Yan X, Fan Y, Zhang S, Wei Y, Huang M, Jiang L, Feng L. Collaborative Action of Microglia and Astrocytes Mediates Neutrophil Recruitment to the CNS to Defend against Escherichia coli K1 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126540. [PMID: 35742984 PMCID: PMC9223767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli K1 is a leading cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Recruitment of neutrophils to the central nervous system (CNS) via local immune response plays a critical role in defense against E. coli K1 infection; however, the mechanism underlying this recruitment remains unclear. In this study, we report that microglia and astrocytes are activated in response to stimulation by E. coli K1 and/or E. coli K1-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and work collaboratively to drive neutrophil recruitment to the CNS. Microglial activation results in the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, which activates astrocytes, resulting in the production of CXCL1, a chemokine critical for recruiting neutrophils. Mice lacking either microglia or TNF-α exhibit impaired production of CXCL1, impaired neutrophil recruitment, and an increased CNS bacterial burden. C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2)-expressing neutrophils primarily respond to CXCL1 released by astrocytes. This study provides further insights into how immune responses drive neutrophil recruitment to the brain to combat E. coli K1 infection. In addition, we show that direct recognition of E. coli K1 by microglia is prevented by the K1 capsule. This study also reveals that OMVs are sufficient to induce microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaolin Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Si Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yi Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Min Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (L.F.)
| | - Lu Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.L.); (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (L.F.)
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Zeng J, Hong Y, Zhao N, Liu Q, Zhu W, Xiao L, Wang W, Chen M, Hong S, Wu L, Xue Y, Wang D, Niu J, Drlica K, Zhao X. A broadly applicable, stress-mediated bacterial death pathway regulated by the phosphotransferase system (PTS) and the cAMP-Crp cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118566119. [PMID: 35648826 PMCID: PMC9191683 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118566119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work indicates that killing of bacteria by diverse antimicrobial classes can involve reactive oxygen species (ROS), as if a common, self-destructive response to antibiotics occurs. However, the ROS-bacterial death theory has been challenged. To better understand stress-mediated bacterial death, we enriched spontaneous antideath mutants of Escherichia coli that survive treatment by diverse bactericidal agents that include antibiotics, disinfectants, and environmental stressors, without a priori consideration of ROS. The mutants retained bacteriostatic susceptibility, thereby ruling out resistance. Surprisingly, pan-tolerance arose from carbohydrate metabolism deficiencies in ptsI (phosphotransferase) and cyaA (adenyl cyclase); these genes displayed the activity of upstream regulators of a widely shared, stress-mediated death pathway. The antideath effect was reversed by genetic complementation, exogenous cAMP, or a Crp variant that bypasses cAMP binding for activation. Downstream events comprised a metabolic shift from the TCA cycle to glycolysis and to the pentose phosphate pathway, suppression of stress-mediated ATP surges, and reduced accumulation of ROS. These observations reveal how upstream signals from diverse stress-mediated lesions stimulate shared, late-stage, ROS-mediated events. Cultures of these stable, pan-tolerant mutants grew normally and were therefore distinct from tolerance derived from growth defects described previously. Pan-tolerance raises the potential for unrestricted disinfectant use to contribute to antibiotic tolerance and resistance. It also weakens host defenses, because three agents (hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and low pH) affected by pan-tolerance are used by the immune system to fight infections. Understanding and manipulating the PtsI-CyaA-Crp–mediated death process can help better control pathogens and maintain beneficial microbiota during antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuzhi Hong
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology and School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ningqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lisheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shouqiang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yunxin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianjun Niu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
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Bakhshzadmahmoudi M, Morshedian N, Mehramiz A, Kharaghani M. Inactivation of Escherichia coli by atmospheric pressure plasma jet in water. J Water Health 2022; 20:962-971. [PMID: 35768970 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work is inactivation of Escherichia coli in water using a laboratory-scale radio-frequency atmospheric pressure Argon plasma jet. This bacterium is widely present in the environment, especially in drinking water, and its pathogenic effects are very harmful. For this purpose, an Argon flow rate of 3.5 slm, maximum plasma power of 200 W, and discharge frequency of 13.56 MHz was conducted to generate a uniform plasma plume for water treatment. 150 ml of drinking water contaminated by E. coli was exposed to the radiation of plasma placed about 3 cm within the water, the treatment time varied from 2 to 6 minutes at 100, 150, and 200 W of plasma input power. The temperature of the plume, discharge current and voltage, and electron density were all measured to characterize the plasma. Active species such as excited molecules, ions, and radicals produced in the plasma in water were detected using the optical emission spectroscopy method. The decreasing behavior of live bacteria versus exposure time and plasma jet input power was observed, and finally, at the discharge power of 200 W and 6 min, an effective inactivation was achieved and the number of bacteria reduced from 92×104 to less than 1.7 MPN/100 ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bakhshzadmahmoudi
- Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Research School, Nuclear Science and Technologies Institute, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Nader Morshedian
- Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Research School, Nuclear Science and Technologies Institute, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Mehramiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Manijeh Kharaghani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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46
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Koganezawa Y, Umetani M, Sato M, Wakamoto Y. History-dependent physiological adaptation to lethal genetic modification under antibiotic exposure. eLife 2022; 11:e74486. [PMID: 35535492 PMCID: PMC9090333 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic modifications, such as gene deletion and mutations, could lead to significant changes in physiological states or even cell death. Bacterial cells can adapt to diverse external stresses, such as antibiotic exposure, but can they also adapt to detrimental genetic modification? To address this issue, we visualized the response of individual Escherichia coli cells to deletion of the antibiotic resistance gene under chloramphenicol (Cp) exposure, combining the light-inducible genetic recombination and microfluidic long-term single-cell tracking. We found that a significant fraction (∼40%) of resistance-gene-deleted cells demonstrated a gradual restoration of growth and stably proliferated under continuous Cp exposure without the resistance gene. Such physiological adaptation to genetic modification was not observed when the deletion was introduced in 10 hr or more advance before Cp exposure. Resistance gene deletion under Cp exposure disrupted the stoichiometric balance of ribosomal large and small subunit proteins (RplS and RpsB). However, the balance was gradually recovered in the cell lineages with restored growth. These results demonstrate that bacterial cells can adapt even to lethal genetic modifications by plastically gaining physiological resistance. However, the access to the resistance states is limited by the environmental histories and the timings of genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koganezawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoMeguro-kuJapan
| | - Miki Umetani
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoMeguro-kuJapan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Moritoshi Sato
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuichi Wakamoto
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoMeguro-kuJapan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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47
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Liu X, Wang Z, Li J, Wang Y, Sun Y, Dou D, Liang X, Wu J, Wang L, Xu Y, Liu D. Inactivation of E. coli, S. aureus, and Bacteriophages in Biofilms by Humidified Air Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094856. [PMID: 35563247 PMCID: PMC9100691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, humidified air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and bacteriophages in biofilms containing DNA, NaCl, carbohydrates, and proteins. The humidified DBD plasma was very effective in the inactivation of microbes in the (≤1.0 μm) biofilms. The number of surviving E. coli, S. aureus, and bacteriophages in the biofilms was strongly dependent on the constituent and thickness of the biofilms and was greatly reduced when the plasma treatment time increased from 5 s to 150 s. Our analysis shows that the UV irradiation was not responsible for the inactivation of microbes in biofilms. The short-lived RONS generated in the humidified air DBD plasma were not directly involved in the inactivation process; however, they recombined or reacted with other species to generate the long-lived RONS. Long-lived RONS diffused into the biofilms to generate very active species, such as ONOOH and OH. This study indicates that the geminated NO2 and OH pair formed due to the homolysis of ONOOH can cause the synergistic oxidation of various organic molecules in the aqueous solution. Proteins in the biofilm were highly resistant to the inactivation of microbes in biofilms, which is presumably due to the existence of the unstable functional groups in the proteins. The unsaturated fatty acids, cysteine-rich proteins, and sulfur–methyl thioether groups in the proteins were easily oxidized by the geminated NO2 and OH pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinni Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhishang Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.D.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.D.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yiming Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.D.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuan Sun
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.D.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Di Dou
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.D.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Xinlei Liang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.D.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiang Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.D.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Dongping Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.D.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
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48
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Yang X, Yang J, Ye Z, Zhang G, Nie W, Cheng H, Peng M, Zhang K, Liu J, Zhang Z, Shi J. Physiologically Inspired Mucin Coated Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Enhances Biotherapy by Regulating the Pathological Microenvironment to Improve Intestinal Colonization. ACS Nano 2022; 16:4041-4058. [PMID: 35230097 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of probiotics to the microbiota is a promising method to prevent and treat diseases. However, oral probiotics will suffer from gastrointestinal insults, especially the pathological microenvironment of inflammatory diseases such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the exhausted mucus layer, which can limit their survival and colonization in the intestinal tract. Inspired by the fact that probiotics colonized and grew in the mucus layer under physiological conditions, we developed a strategy for a super probiotic (EcN@TA-Ca2+@Mucin) coated with tannic acid and mucin via layer-by-layer technology. We demonstrated that mucin endows probiotics with superior resistance to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and with strong adhesiveness to the intestine through its interaction with mucus, which enhanced colonization and growth of probiotics in the mucus layer without removing the coating. Moreover, EcN@TA-Ca2+@Mucin can distinctly down-regulate inflammation with ROS scavenging and reduce the side effects of bacterial translocation in inflammatory bowel diseases, increasing the abundance and diversity of the gut microflora. We envision that it is a powerful platform to improve the colonization of probiotics by regulating the pathological microenvironment, which is expected to provide an important perspective for applying the intestinal colonization of probiotics to treat a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zihan Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Weimin Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hui Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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49
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Corsini PM, Wang S, Rehman S, Fenn K, Sagar A, Sirovica S, Cleaver L, Edwards-Gayle CJC, Mastroianni G, Dorgan B, Sewell LM, Lynham S, Iuga D, Franks WT, Jarvis J, Carpenter GH, Curtis MA, Bernadó P, Darbari VC, Garnett JA. Molecular and cellular insight into Escherichia coli SslE and its role during biofilm maturation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35217675 PMCID: PMC8881592 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonises the human intestine and virulent strains can cause severe diarrhoeal and extraintestinal diseases. The protein SslE is secreted by a range of pathogenic and commensal E. coli strains. It can degrade mucins in the intestine, promotes biofilm maturation and it is a major determinant of infection in virulent strains, although how it carries out these functions is not well understood. Here, we examine SslE from the commensal E. coli Waksman and BL21 (DE3) strains and the enterotoxigenic H10407 and enteropathogenic E2348/69 strains. We reveal that SslE has a unique and dynamic structure in solution and in response to acidification within mature biofilms it can form a unique aggregate with amyloid-like properties. Furthermore, we show that both SslE monomers and aggregates bind DNA in vitro and co-localise with extracellular DNA (eDNA) in mature biofilms, and SslE aggregates may also associate with cellulose under certain conditions. Our results suggest that interactions between SslE and eDNA are important for biofilm maturation in many E. coli strains and SslE may also be a factor that drives biofilm formation in other SslE-secreting bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Corsini
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sunjun Wang
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Saima Rehman
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Fenn
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amin Sagar
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Slobodan Sirovica
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leanne Cleaver
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Giulia Mastroianni
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ben Dorgan
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lee M Sewell
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - W Trent Franks
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - James Jarvis
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guy H Carpenter
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A Curtis
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pau Bernadó
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Vidya C Darbari
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - James A Garnett
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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50
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Manohar P, Loh B, Elangovan N, Loganathan A, Nachimuthu R, Leptihn S. A Multiwell-Plate Caenorhabditis elegans Assay for Assessing the Therapeutic Potential of Bacteriophages against Clinical Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0139321. [PMID: 35171008 PMCID: PMC8849058 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01393-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to establish phage therapy as a standard clinical treatment for bacterial infections, testing of every phage to ensure the suitability and safety of the biological compound is required. While some issues have been addressed over recent years, standard and easy-to-use animal models to test phages are still rare. Testing of phages in highly suitable mammalian models such as mice is subjected to strict ethical regulations, while insect larvae such as the Galleria mellonella model suffer from batch-to-batch variations and require manual operator skills to inject bacteria, resulting in unreliable experimental outcomes. A much simpler model is the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which feeds on bacteria, a fast growing and easy to handle organism that can be used in high-throughput screening. In this study, two clinical bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, one Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Enterobacter cloacae strain were tested on the model system together with lytic bacteriophages that we isolated previously. We developed a liquid-based assay, in which the efficiency of phage treatment was evaluated using a scoring system based on microscopy and counting of the nematodes, allowing increasing statistical significance compared to other assays such as larvae or mice. Our work demonstrates the potential to use Caenorhabditis elegans to test the virulence of strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and EHEC/EPEC as well as the efficacy of bacteriophages to treat or prevent infections, allowing a more reliable evaluation for the clinical therapeutic potential of lytic phages. IMPORTANCE Validating the efficacy and safety of phages prior to clinical application is crucial to see phage therapy in practice. Current animal models include mice and insect larvae, which pose ethical or technical challenges. This study examined the use of the nematode model organism C. elegans as a quick, reliable, and simple alternative for testing phages. The data show that all the four tested bacteriophages can eliminate bacterial pathogens and protect the nematode from infections. Survival rates of the nematodes increased from <20% in the infection group to >90% in the phage treatment group. Even the nematodes with poly-microbial infections recovered during phage cocktail treatment. The use of C. elegans as a simple whole-animal infection model is a rapid and robust way to study the efficacy of phages before testing them on more complex model animals such as mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Manohar
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJE) Institute, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Haining, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Belinda Loh
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJE) Institute, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Haining, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Namasivayam Elangovan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archana Loganathan
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Nachimuthu
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJE) Institute, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Haining, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Department Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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