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Xu J, Chen L, Pang S, Zhang Q, Deng S, Zhu J, Chen X, Langford PR, Huang Q, Zhou R, Li L. HylS', a fragment of truncated hyaluronidase of Streptococcus suis, contributes to immune evasion by interaction with host complement factor C3b. Virulence 2024; 15:2306691. [PMID: 38251716 PMCID: PMC10854370 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2306691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have evolved many strategies to evade surveillance and attack by complements. Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that infects humans and pigs. Hyaluronidase (HylA) has been reported to be a potential virulence factor of S. suis. However, in this study, it was discovered that the genomic region encoding HylA of the virulent S. suis strain SC19 and other ST1 strains was truncated into four fragments when aligned with a strain containing intact HylA and possessing hyaluronidase activity. As a result, SC19 had no hyaluronidase activity, but one truncated HylA fragment, designated as HylS,' directly interacted with complement C3b, as confirmed by western ligand blotting, pull-down, and ELISA assays. The deposition of C3b and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation on the surface of a HylS'-deleted mutant (ΔhylS') was significantly increased compared to wild-type SC19. In human sera and whole blood, ΔhylS' survival was significantly reduced compared to that in SC19. The resistance of ΔhylS' to macrophages and human polymorphonuclear neutrophil PMNs also decreased. In a mouse infection model, ΔhylS' showed reduced lethality and lower bacterial load in the organs compared to that of SC19. We conclude that the truncated hyaluronidase HylS' fragment contributes to complement evasion and the pathogenesis of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siqi Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Simin Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, UK
| | - Qi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Quaak MSW, Buijze MSJS, Verhoeven VJM, Vermont C, Buddingh EP, Heredia M, Samsom JN, Titulaer MJ, van Rossum AM, Kamphuis S, Neuteboom RF. Management of Autoimmune Encephalitis in a 7-Year-Old Child With CTLA-4 Haploinsufficiency and AMPA Receptor Antibodies: A Case Report. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2024; 11:e200254. [PMID: 38728609 PMCID: PMC11089537 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report on the therapeutic management of early-onset severe neurologic symptoms in cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 haploinsufficiency (CTLA-4h) and the presence of antibodies to the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) as an important finding. METHODS This is a case report from a Dutch academic hospital. Repeated clinical examinations, repeated brain MRI and extended diagnostics on serum and CSF were performed. We used the CARE checklist. RESULTS A 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with CTLA-4h based on family screening. On diagnosis, he had mild chronic diarrhea and autism spectrum disorder, but no abnormalities in extensive laboratory screening. Six months later, he presented with sudden-onset autoimmune encephalitis. Repeated brain MRI revealed no abnormalities, but immunohistochemistry analysis on serum and CSF showed the presence of AMPAR antibodies. Treatment was initially focused on immunomodulation and targeted CTLA-4 replacement therapy. Because of the persistent fluctuating cerebellar and neuropsychiatric symptoms and the potential clinical significance of the AMPAR antibodies, treatment was intensified with repetition of first-line immunomodulation and rituximab. This combined therapy resulted in sustained clinical improvement and served as a bridge to curative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. DISCUSSION This case illustrates the rare early onset of autoimmune encephalitis and presence of AMPAR antibodies in CTLA-4h. Targeted CTLA-4 replacement therapy resulted in a partial response. However, awaiting its optimal therapeutic effect, refractory CNS symptoms required intensification of immunomodulation. The identification of AMPAR antibodies guided our treatment decisions. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This provides Class IV evidence. It is a single observational study without controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolijn S W Quaak
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel S J S Buijze
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clementien Vermont
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmeline P Buddingh
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Heredia
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Titulaer
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M van Rossum
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Kamphuis
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rinze F Neuteboom
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology (M.S.W.Q., C.V., A.M.C.R.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.S.J.B., M.J.T., R.F.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics (V.J.M.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program (E.P.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center; Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition (M.H., J.N.S.), Department of Pediatrics/Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Division of Rheumatology (S.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Gong X, Hu F, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. The interactions between CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and Toll-like receptors in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 155:105157. [PMID: 38423492 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), as a novel type of adjuvant with immunomodulatory effects, are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in Litopenaeus vannamei. In the present study, eleven LvTLRs-pCMV recombinants (rLvTLRs) were constructed to investigate the relationships between various CpG ODNs and different LvTLRs in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells, which was further confirmed by bio-layer interferometry (BLI) technique. The results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed that every LvTLR could activate multiple downstream genes, mainly including NF-κB, CREB, ISRE, IL-6-promoter, TNF-α-promoter and Myc, thereby inducing main signaling pathways in shrimps. Most CpG ODNs possessed affinities to more than one LvTLR, while each LvTLR could recognize multiple CpG ODNs, and the widely recognized ligands within CpG ODNs are A-class and B-class. Moreover, BLI analysis showed that CpG 2216, Cpg 2006, CpG 2143 and CpG 21425 exhibited dose-dependent affinity to the expressed TLR protein, which were consistent with the results in HEK293T cells. It suggested that the interactions of CpG ODNs with LvTLRs were indispensable for the immune regulation triggered by CpG ODNs, and these findings would lay foundations for studying the activations of LvTLRs to immune signaling pathways and shedding lights on the immune functions and mechanisms of CpG ODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China
| | - Feng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China; Hebei Xinhai Aquatic Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Cangzhou, 061101, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
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Doughty A, Keane G, Wadley AJ, Mahoney B, Bueno AA, Coles SJ. Plasma concentrations of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and peroxiredoxin-4 can identify high risk patients and predict outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A clinical observation. Int J Cardiol 2024; 403:131888. [PMID: 38382848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a pathological feature of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a complex disease with varying clinical outcomes. Surrogate biomarkers of oxidative stress including, peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), PRDX4, thioredoxin (TRX) and thioredoxin reductase (TRXR) were measured in ACS patients at presentation and follow-up, to assess their clinical utility in diagnosis and risk stratification. METHODS Plasma from 145 participants (80 ACS and 65 healthy) at diagnosis, 1-3 month (first) and 6-month follow-up (second) was analysed by ELISA. ACS patients were monitored for 12-months. RESULTS ACS patients at diagnosis had significantly higher concentrations of TRX (p < 0.05), TRXR (p < 0.01) and PRDX4 (p < 0.01), compared to healthy donors. This was increase was driven by non-ST elevated myocardial infarction for TRX (p < 0.01) and PRDX4 (p < 0.05). For TRXR, ACS females were significantly higher than males (p < 0.05). TRX was also higher in older females (>55 years) at diagnosis (p < 0.05). At first follow-up, TRX had lowered, whereas PRDX4 remained significantly high (p < 0.05). Stratification of ACS patients according to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) revealed that TRXR was significantly higher in patients receiving PCI to the right coronary artery (p < 0.05). Whereas both TRXR (p < 0.01) and PRDX4 (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in patients receiving PCI to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. ACS patients who had plasma TRX >13.40 ng/ml at second follow-up were at high risk of readmission (p < 0.05), as were patients with TRXR of <1000 pg/ml at diagnosis having PCI to the LAD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study indicates that TRX, TRXR and PRDX4 may have clinical utility for ACS stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Doughty
- Department of Cardiology, Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, WR5 1DD, UK
| | - Gary Keane
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Alex J Wadley
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Berenice Mahoney
- Three Counties Medical School, University of Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Allain A Bueno
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Steven J Coles
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK.
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Sun W, Wu Y, Ying T. Progress in novel delivery technologies to improve efficacy of therapeutic antibodies. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105867. [PMID: 38521465 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics have achieved remarkable success in treating a wide range of human diseases. However, conventional systemic delivery methods have limitations in insufficient target tissue permeability, high costs, repeated administrations, etc. Novel technologies have been developed to address these limitations and further enhance antibody therapy. Local antibody delivery via respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, eye and blood-brain barrier have shown promising results in increasing local concentrations and overcoming barriers. Nucleic acid-encoded antibodies expressed from plasmid DNA, viral vectors or mRNA delivery platforms also offer advantages over recombinant proteins such as sustained expression, rapid onset, and lower costs. This review summarizes recent advances in antibody delivery methods and highlights innovative technologies that have potential to expand therapeutic applications of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Bernabeu De Maria M, Matczuk M, Tesauro D, Saviano M, Sikorski J, Chiappetta G, Godin S, Szpunar J, Lobinski R, Ronga L. Study of metalation of thioredoxin by gold(I) therapeutic compounds using combined liquid chromatography/capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma/electrospray MS/MS detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2819-2833. [PMID: 38244050 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of thioredoxin (Trx1) with the Au(I) drug auranofin (AF) and two therapeutic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)2-Au(I) complexes (bis [1-methyl-3-acridineimidazolin-2-ylidene]gold(I) tetrafluoroborate (Au3BC) and [1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) (Au4BC)) was investigated. Direct infusion (DI) electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) allowed information on the structure, stoichiometry, and kinetics of formation of Trx-Au adducts. The fragmentation of the formed adducts in the gas phase gave insights into the exact Au binding site within the protein, demonstrating the preference for Trx1 Cys32 or Cys35 of AF or the (NHC)2-Au(I) complex Au3BC, respectively. Reversed-phase HPLC suffered from the difficulty of elution of gold compounds, did not preserve the formed metal-protein adducts, and favored the loss of ligands (phosphine or NHC) from Au(I). These limitations were eliminated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) which enabled the separation of the gold compounds, Trx1, and the formed adducts. The ICP-MS/MS detection allowed the simultaneous quantitative monitoring of the gold and sulfur isotopes and the determination of the metallation extent of the protein. The hyphenation of the mentioned techniques was used for the analysis of Trx1-Au adducts for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Bernabeu De Maria
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France
| | - Magdalena Matczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diego Tesauro
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Instituto Di Cristallografia (IC), CNR, 70126, Caserta, Italy
| | - Jacek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giovanni Chiappetta
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (SMBP), ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, LPC CNRS UMR8249, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Simon Godin
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luisa Ronga
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 64053, Pau, France.
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7
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Stastna D, Vachova M, Dusek P, Fistravec G, Drahota J, Menkyova I, Varju E, Horakova D, Kubala Havrdova E, Nytrova P. Effectiveness of tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Evusheld) in antiCD20‑treated patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 85:105523. [PMID: 38452649 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AntiCD20 therapy, such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, or ofatumumab, effectively treats patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD) but negatively affects the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. One strategy to protect these patients is using tixagevimab/cilgavimab (T/C) as pre-exposure prophylaxis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of T/C on the incidence of COVID-19 in pwMS and pwNMOSD. METHODS Data in this observational cohort study were collected in two Czech MS centres through ReMuS registry between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022. Adult pwMS and pwNMOSD who were (1) treated with antiCD20 therapy at least six months before T/C administration, or at least from February 1, 2022 in the control group; (2) were already on antiCD20 therapy at the time of vaccination or COVID-19 infection; and (3) were on antiCD20 therapy at least 100 days after T/C, or at least 90 days after August 1, 2022 in the control group, were included. Analysis was performed using frequency-based (propensity score matching) and Bayesian statistical methods (informative and non-informative priors). RESULTS Using propensity score matching 1:1, 47 patients who received T/C (mean age 45.7 years, median disease duration 12.5 years) were matched with those who did not receive T/C (n = 341; mean age 46.6 years, median disease duration 11.4 years) based on age, MS/NMOSD duration, and number of vaccine doses. None of the T/C patients and three in the control matched group, developed COVID-19 between 10 and 100 days after receiving T/C, August 1, 2022, respectively. The frequency of COVID-19 was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.242). Due to the low number of patients, a Bayesian analysis was also added. Using a non-informative Bayesian prior, the median relative risk of COVID-19 after T/C was 7.6 % (95 % CrI 0.02-115.9 %). The posterior probability of risk difference lower than zero was 96.4 %. Using an informative prior (based on the registration study of Evusheld), the median relative risk of COVID-19 after T/C was 20.2 % (95 % CI 8.4-43.8 %). The posterior probability of the risk difference lower than zero was 100 %. CONCLUSION This work highlights the possible good efficacy of T/C in antiCD20-treated pwMS and pwNMSOD. Based on Bayesian analysis with an informative prior, the T/C group's risk of COVID-19 infection was approximately 20.2 % of the control group's risk. However, given the low frequency of COVID-19, the results of this pilot analysis must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stastna
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.
| | - M Vachova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia; Department of Neurology, KZ a.s., Hospital Teplice, Teplice, Czechia
| | - P Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - J Drahota
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia; Endowment Fund IMPULS, Prague, Czechia
| | - I Menkyova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - E Varju
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - D Horakova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - E Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - P Nytrova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Lin J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Qi F, Zhang M. Calreticulin, a potential coregulator of immune checkpoints and biomarker associated with tumor microenvironment and clinical prognostic significance in breast invasive carcinoma. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:2717-2731. [PMID: 38247288 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As a promising immune checkpoint of immunogenic cell death (ICD) and multifunctional calcium-binding molecular chaperone, calreticulin (CALR) has been attracting increasing attention. CALR mainly locates in cellular endoplasmic reticulum and significantly affects cell proliferation, invasion, induction of apoptosis, and angiogenesis in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA). CALR overexpression might be correlated with a worse outcome. Nonetheless, it remains obscure how CALR correlates with immune infiltration and survival prognosis of BRCA. In this study, we investigated CALR expression utilizing RNAseq data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) database. The prognostic value of CALR was analyzed using clinical survival data. Enrichment analysis was conducted using the R package "clusterProfiler." We downloaded the immune cell infiltration score of TCGA samples from published articles and online databases and performed a correlation analysis between immune cell infiltration levels and CALR expression. We further assessed the association between CALR and immunomodulators. Moreover, we also evaluated the expression of CALR in 100 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer and adjacent normal breast tissue specimens. Our results found that CALR was highly expressed in BRCA, and CALR expression levels differed in pathological stages, T stages, and N stages. Besides, these results suggested that CALR overexpression may have adverse effects on the progression-free interval (PFI) and disease-free interval (DFI), which may be related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, leading to tumor deterioration. Meanwhile, immune cell infiltration analysis revealed a correlation between the expression of CALR and the number of neutrophils and dendritic cells, suggesting that CALR was highly correlated with many immunomodulators in BRCA. Our results provide potential biomarkers of CALR in BRCA. CALR may interact synergistically with other immunomodulators to regulate the immune microenvironment, which could be utilized to develop new immunotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lin
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Alghanmi M, Minshawi F, Altorki TA, Zawawi A, Alsaady I, Naser AY, Alwafi H, Alsulami SM, Azhari AA, Hashem AM, Alhabbab R. Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators: a systematic review of their promise in alleviating colitis. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:21. [PMID: 38637733 PMCID: PMC11025257 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Helminth-derived proteins have immunomodulatory properties, influencing the host's immune response as an adaptive strategy for helminth survival. Helminth-derived proteins modulate the immune response by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoting regulatory T-cell development, and ultimately favouring a Th2-biased immune response. This systematic review focused on helminth-derived proteins and explored their impact on reducing inflammatory responses in mouse models of colitis. A systematic search across Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified fourteen relevant studies. These studies reported immunomodulatory changes, including increased production of anti-inflammatory cells and cytokines. In mouse models of colitis treated with on helminth-derived proteins, significant improvements in pathological parameters such as body weight, colon length, and microscopic inflammatory scores were observed compared to control groups. Moreover, helminth-derived proteins can enhance the function of Tregs and alleviate the severity of inflammatory conditions. The findings underscore the pivotal role of helminth-derived proteins in immunomodulation, specifically in the axis of cytokine secretion and immune cell polarization. The findings offer new opportunities for treating chronic inflammatory conditions such Crohn's disease.
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Grants
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimonah Alghanmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa A Altorki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isra Alsaady
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soa'ad M Alsulami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratories, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala A Azhari
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowa Alhabbab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Predictors of response to treatment with biologics in people with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:e55. [PMID: 38630931 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
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11
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Li Q, Tsoi LC. Biologic survival: a novel approach for drug efficacy estimation in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:612-613. [PMID: 38174815 PMCID: PMC11023616 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinmengge Li
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Biostatistics
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Biostatistics
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Sheng Y, Deng Y, Li X, Ji P, Sun X, Liu B, Zhu J, Zhao J, Nan Y, Zhou EM, Hiscox JA, Stewart JP, Sun Y, Zhao Q. Hepatitis E virus ORF3 protein hijacking thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) for its stability to promote viral particle release. J Virol 2024; 98:e0164923. [PMID: 38548704 PMCID: PMC11019958 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01649-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, responsible for approximately 20 million infections annually. Among the three open reading frames (ORFs) of the HEV genome, the ORF3 protein is involved in virus release. However, the host proteins involved in HEV release need to be clarified. In this study, a host protein, thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5), interacted with the non-palmitoylated ORF3 protein by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. We determined that the overexpression or knockdown of TXNDC5 positively regulated HEV release from the host cells. The 17FCL19 mutation of the ORF3 protein lost the ability to interact with TXNDC5. The releasing amounts of HEV with the ORF3 mutation (FCL17-19SSP) were decreased compared with wild-type HEV. The overexpression of TXNDC5 can stabilize and increase ORF3 protein amounts, but not the TXNDC5 mutant with amino acids 1-88 deletion. Meanwhile, we determined that the function of TXNDC5 on the stabilization of ORF3 protein is independent of the Trx-like domains. Knockdown of TXNDC5 could lead to the degradation of ORF3 protein by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation-proteasome system. However, the ORF3 protein cannot be degraded in the knockout-TXNDC5 stable cells, suggesting that it may hijack other proteins for its stabilization. Subsequently, we found that the other members of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), including PDIA1, PDIA3, PDIA4, and PDIA6, can increase ORF3 protein amounts, and PDIA3 and PDIA6 interact with ORF3 protein. Collectively, our study suggested that HEV ORF3 protein can utilize TXNDC5 for its stability in ER to facilitate viral release. IMPORTANCE Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. After the synthesis and modification in the cells, the mature ORF3 protein is essential for HEV release. However, the host protein involved in this process has yet to be determined. Here, we reported a novel host protein, thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5), as a chaperone, contributing to HEV release by facilitating ORF3 protein stability in the endoplasmic reticulum through interacting with non-palmitoylated ORF3 protein. However, we also found that in the knockout-TXNDC5 stable cell lines, the HEV ORF3 protein may hijack other proteins for its stabilization. For the first time, our study demonstrated the involvement of TXNDC5 in viral particle release. These findings provide some new insights into the process of the HEV life cycle, the interaction between HEV and host factors, and a new direction for antiviral design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Deng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pinpin Ji
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuwen Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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13
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Frid K, Usmann A, Markovits-Pachter T, Binyamin O, Petrou P, Kassis I, Karussis D, Gabizon R. Granagard administration prolongs the survival of human mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 389:578313. [PMID: 38401393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The clinical effect of human Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transplanted into EAE mice/MS patients is short lived due to poor survival of the transplanted cells. Since Granagard, a nanoformulation of pomegranate seed oil, extended the presence of Neuronal Stem cells transplanted into CJD mice brains, we tested whether this safe food supplement can also elongate the survival of hMSCs transplanted into EAE mice. Indeed, pathological studies 60 days post transplantation identified human cells only in brains of Granagard treated mice, concomitant with increased clinical activity. We conclude that Granagard may prolong the activity of stem cell transplantation in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Frid
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Areen Usmann
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tsipora Markovits-Pachter
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orli Binyamin
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Panayota Petrou
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Cell therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Kassis
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Cell therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel
| | - Dimitri Karussis
- Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Unit of Neuroimmunology and Cell therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel
| | - Ruth Gabizon
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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14
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Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Abbasi A, Pishkenari FN, Baranipour S, Jahangirifard A, Mirtajani SB, Mejareh ZN, Vaezi MA, Yavarian J, Abdollahi B, Mokhtari-Azad T, Salimi V. Beyond prediction: unveiling the prognostic power of μ-opioid and cannabinoid receptors, alongside immune mediators, in assessing the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:398. [PMID: 38609845 PMCID: PMC11015610 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the potential of utilizing the expression levels of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), μ-opioid receptor (MOR), MCP-1, IL-17, IFN-γ, and osteopontin as predictors for the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overarching goal is to delineate the pathogenic mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Using quantitative Real-time PCR, we analyzed the gene expression levels of CB2 and MOR in nasopharynx specimens obtained from patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 46 individuals classified as having severe symptoms and 46 as non-severe. Additionally, we measured the circulating levels of MCP-1, IL-17, IFN-γ, and osteopontin using an ELISA assay. We examined the predictive capabilities of these variables and explored their correlations across all patient groups. RESULTS Our results demonstrated a significant increase in MOR gene expression in the epithelium of patients with severe infection. The expression of CB2 receptor was also elevated in both male and female patients with severe symptoms. Furthermore, we observed concurrent rises in MCP-1, IL-17, IFN-γ, and osteopontin levels in patients, which were linked to disease severity. CB2, MOR, MCP-1, IL-17, IFN-γ, and osteopontin showed strong predictive abilities in distinguishing between patients with varying degrees of SARS-CoV-2 severity. Moreover, we identified a significant correlation between CB2 expression and the levels of MOR, MCP-1, osteopontin, and IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS These results underline the interconnected nature of molecular mediators in a sequential manner, suggesting that their overexpression may play a role in the development of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Abbasi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box: 1417613151, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nejat Pishkenari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Baranipour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahangirifard
- Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Bashir Mirtajani
- Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Noorani Mejareh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Vaezi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box: 1417613151, Iran
| | - Bahare Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box: 1417613151, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box: 1417613151, Iran.
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15
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Schiff AE, Wang X, Patel NJ, Kawano Y, Hanberg JL, Kowalski EN, Cook CE, Vanni KM, Qian G, Bade KJ, Saavedra AA, Srivatsan S, Williams ZK, Venkat RK, Wallace ZS, Sparks JA. Immunomodulators and risk for breakthrough COVID-19 after third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:680-682. [PMID: 38199795 PMCID: PMC11009046 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Schiff
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naomi J Patel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yumeko Kawano
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hanberg
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily N Kowalski
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire E Cook
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen Mm Vanni
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace Qian
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katarina J Bade
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alene A Saavedra
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shruthi Srivatsan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary K Williams
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Zachary S Wallace
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Jia B, Zhang B, Li J, Qin J, Huang Y, Huang M, Ming Y, Jiang J, Chen R, Xiao Y, Du J. Emerging polymeric materials for treatment of oral diseases: design strategy towards a unique oral environment. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3273-3301. [PMID: 38507263 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases are prevalent but challenging diseases owing to the highly movable and wet, microbial and inflammatory environment. Polymeric materials are regarded as one of the most promising biomaterials due to their good compatibility, facile preparation, and flexible design to obtain multifunctionality. Therefore, a variety of strategies have been employed to develop materials with improved therapeutic efficacy by overcoming physicobiological barriers in oral diseases. In this review, we summarize the design strategies of polymeric biomaterials for the treatment of oral diseases. First, we present the unique oral environment including highly movable and wet, microbial and inflammatory environment, which hinders the effective treatment of oral diseases. Second, a series of strategies for designing polymeric materials towards such a unique oral environment are highlighted. For example, multifunctional polymeric materials are armed with wet-adhesive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory functions through advanced chemistry and nanotechnology to effectively treat oral diseases. These are achieved by designing wet-adhesive polymers modified with hydroxy, amine, quinone, and aldehyde groups to provide strong wet-adhesion through hydrogen and covalent bonding, and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, by developing antimicrobial polymers including cationic polymers, antimicrobial peptides, and antibiotic-conjugated polymers, and by synthesizing anti-inflammatory polymers with phenolic hydroxy and cysteine groups that function as immunomodulators and electron donors to reactive oxygen species to reduce inflammation. Third, various delivery systems with strong wet-adhesion and enhanced mucosa and biofilm penetration capabilities, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, patches, and microneedles, are constructed for delivery of antibiotics, immunomodulators, and antioxidants to achieve therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we provide insights into challenges and future development of polymeric materials for oral diseases with promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jinlong Qin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yufen Xiao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
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van der Neut Kolfschoten M, Inganäs H, Perez-Peinado C, Calado da Silva Freire J, Melchers JM, van Dijk N, Przeradzka M, Kourkouta E, van Manen D, Vellinga J, Custers J, Bos R. Biophysical studies do not reveal direct interactions between human PF4 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1046-1055. [PMID: 38159648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccines have been widely used to control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In individuals receiving replication-incompetent, adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines (eg, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [AstraZeneca] or Ad26.COV2.S [Johnson & Johnson/Janssen] vaccines), a very rare but serious adverse reaction has been reported and described as vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). The exact mechanism of VITT following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination is under investigation. Antibodies directed against human platelet factor 4 (PF4) are considered critical in the pathogenesis of VITT, suggesting similarities with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. It has been postulated that components of these vaccines mimic the role of heparin by binding to PF4, triggering production of these anti-PF4 antibodies. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the potential interaction between human PF4 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccine using several biophysical techniques. METHODS Direct interaction of PF4 with Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was investigated using dynamic light scattering, biolayer interferometry, and surface plasmon resonance. For both biosensing methods, the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was immobilized to the sensor surface and PF4 was used as analyte. RESULTS No direct interactions between PF4 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccine could be detected using dynamic light scattering and biolayer interferometry. Surface plasmon resonance technology was shown to be unsuitable to investigate these types of interactions. CONCLUSION Our findings make it very unlikely that direct binding of PF4 to Ad26.COV2.S vaccine or components thereof is driving the onset of VITT, although the occurrence of such interactions after immunization (potentially facilitated by unknown plasma or cellular factors) cannot be excluded. Further research is warranted to improve the understanding of the full mechanism of this adverse reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Inganäs
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jelle M Melchers
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Nelie van Dijk
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eleni Kourkouta
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle van Manen
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Jort Vellinga
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome Custers
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Rinke Bos
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands.
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18
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Mercolini F, Abram N, Cesaro S. Managing acute COVID-19 in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:349-357. [PMID: 38099388 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2295982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 infection is a potentially life-threatening infection in immunocompromised pediatric patients, and its management has rapidly evolved during the pandemic. To control SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, the scenario changed for the better with the introduction of specific treatments such as antiviral drugs, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies, together with drugs blocking the inflammatory cytokine cascade and improvements in supportive care. AREAS COVERED This paper discusses the therapeutic strategies to apply for patients affected by COVID-19 in the pediatric population, with a focus on the immunocompromised patients. EXPERT OPINION Treatment in pediatric patients retraces the therapies investigated and approved in adults and must be calibrated on the basis of the severity of the infection (anti-spike monoclonal antibody, antivirals, anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunomodulators). Transmission prevention policies and vaccination reduce the risk of infection, while early intervention in the immunocompromised patients at high-risk of progression to severe-critical COVID-19 may reduce the period of viral shedding and the need for hospitalization, intensive care admission, and death. In hemato-oncological patients, the delayed treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease represents a frequent complication and its impact on the patient outcome remains a matter of research for the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mercolini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna institution, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Abram
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology "Lalla Seràgnoli", IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna institution, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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19
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Grigoropoulos I, Tsioulos G, Kastrissianakis A, Shapira S, Green O, Rapti V, Tsakona M, Konstantinos T, Savva A, Kavatha D, Boumpas D, Syrigos K, Xynogalas I, Leontis K, Ntousopoulos V, Sakka V, Sardelis Z, Fotiadis A, Vlassi L, Kontogianni C, Levounets A, Poulakou G, Gaga M, MacLoughlin R, Stebbing J, Arber N, Antoniadou A, Tsiodras S. The safety and potential efficacy of exosomes overexpressing CD24 (EXO-CD24) in mild-moderate COVID-19 related ARDS. Respir Res 2024; 25:151. [PMID: 38561798 PMCID: PMC10983648 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION EXO-CD24 are exosomes genetically manipulated to over-express Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 24. It consists of two breakthrough technologies: CD24, the drug, as a novel immunomodulator that is smarter than steroids without any side effects, and exosomes as the ideal natural drug carrier. METHODS A randomized, single blind, dose-finding phase IIb trial in hospitalized patients with mild to moderate Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) was carried out in two medical centers in Athens. Patients received either 109 or 1010 exosome particles of EXO-CD24, daily, for five consecutive days and monitored for 28 days. Efficacy was assessed at day 7 among 91 patients who underwent randomization. The outcome was also compared in a post-hoc analysis with an income control group (n = 202) that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS The mean age was 49.4 (± 13.2) years and 74.4% were male. By day 7, 83.7% showed improved respiratory signs and 64% had better oxygen saturation (SpO2) (p < 0.05). There were significant reductions in all inflammatory markers, most notably in C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, fibrinogen and an array of cytokines. Conversely, levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) were increased (p < 0.05). Of all the documented adverse events, none were considered treatment related. No drug-drug interactions were noted. Two patients succumbed to COVID-19. Post-hoc analysis revealed that EXO-CD24 patients exhibited greater improvements in clinical and laboratory outcomes compared to an observational income control group. CONCLUSIONS EXO-CD24 presents a promising therapeutic approach for hyper-inflammatory state and in particular ARDS. Its unique combination of exosomes, as a drug carrier, and CD24, as an immunomodulator, coupled with inhalation administration, warrants further investigation in a larger, international, randomized, quadri-blind trial against a placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Grigoropoulos
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsioulos
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Kastrissianakis
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Shiran Shapira
- Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann St., 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orr Green
- Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann St., 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vasiliki Rapti
- 3, Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsakona
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Konstantinos
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Savva
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kavatha
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Boumpas
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- 3, Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Xynogalas
- 3, Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Leontis
- 3, Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Ntousopoulos
- 3, Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Vissaria Sakka
- 3, Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Zafeiris Sardelis
- 7, Respiratory Medicine Department "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Fotiadis
- 7, Respiratory Medicine Department "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Vlassi
- 7, Respiratory Medicine Department "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Kontogianni
- 7, Respiratory Medicine Department "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Levounets
- 7, Respiratory Medicine Department "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Garyfalia Poulakou
- 3, Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Mina Gaga
- 7, Respiratory Medicine Department "Sotiria" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- R&D Science & Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Anglia Ruskin University, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, ARU, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadir Arber
- Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann St., 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Anastasia Antoniadou
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- 4, Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
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Laffont I, Duflos C, Hirtz C, Bakhti K, Gelis A, Palayer C, Macioce V, Soler M, Pradalier F, Galtier F, Jentzer A, Lozano C, Vincent T, Morales RJ. Post-polio syndrome is not a dysimmune condition. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2024; 60:270-279. [PMID: 38252127 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.23.08158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poliomyelitis is a global disabling disease affecting 12-20 million of people. Post poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) may affect up to 80% of polio survivors: increased muscle weakness, pain, fatigue, functional decline. It relies on aging of an impaired neuro-muscular system with ongoing denervation processes. A late involvement of humoral or cellular pro-inflammatory phenomena is also suspected. AIM To assess the dysimmune hypothesis of PPS by comparing lymphocyte subpopulations and humoral immune factors between PPS patients and controls. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Montpellier University Hospital. POPULATION Forty-seven PPS and 27 healthy controls. METHODS PPS patients and controls were compared on their lymphocyte subpopulations and humoral immune factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, RANTES, MCP1, MIP-3a, IL-10, TGF-β, IL4, IL13). Patients were further compared according to their dominant clinical symptoms. Sample size guaranteed a power >90% for all comparisons. RESULTS PPS patients and controls were comparable in gender, age and corpulence. Most patients had lower limb motor sequelae (N.=45, 95.7%), a minority had upper limb motor impairment (N.=16, 34.0%). Forty-five were able to walk (94%), 35/45 with technical aids. The median of the two-minute walking test was 110 meters (interquartile range 55; 132). Eighteen (38%) required help in their daily life. Their quality of life was low (SF36). All described an increased muscular weakness, 40 (85%) a general fatigue, and 39 (83%) muscular or joint pain. Blood count, serum electrolytes, T and B lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines were comparable between patients and controls, except for creatine phospho kinase that was significantly higher in PPS patients. None of these variables differed between the 20/47 patients whose late main symptoms were pain or fatigue, and other patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PPS is not a dysimmune disease. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Our results do not sustain immunotherapy for PPS. Our work suggest that PPS may be mostly linked to physiological age-related phenomena in a disabled neuromuscular condition. Thus, our results emphasize the role of prevention and elimination of aggravating factors to avoid late functional worsening, and the importance of rehabilitation programs that should be adapted to patients' specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Laffont
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France -
- Euromov-Digital Health in Motion, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France -
| | - Claire Duflos
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, INSERM 1183, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Karima Bakhti
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Euromov-Digital Health in Motion, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Gelis
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Propara, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Palayer
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Macioce
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Soler
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Pradalier
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, Montpellier University, Nimes, France
| | - Florence Galtier
- Inserm CIC 1411, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Jentzer
- Department of Immunology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Lozano
- Department of Immunology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Vincent
- Department of Immunology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Raul J Morales
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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van Dorst MMAR, Pyuza JJ, Nkurunungi G, Kullaya VI, Smits HH, Hogendoorn PCW, Wammes LJ, Everts B, Elliott AM, Jochems SP, Yazdanbakhsh M. Immunological factors linked to geographical variation in vaccine responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:250-263. [PMID: 37770632 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of medicine's greatest achievements; however, its full potential is hampered by considerable variation in efficacy across populations and geographical regions. For example, attenuated malaria vaccines in high-income countries confer almost 100% protection, whereas in low-income regions these same vaccines achieve only 20-50% protection. This trend is also observed for other vaccines, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), rotavirus and yellow fever vaccines, in terms of either immunogenicity or efficacy. Multiple environmental factors affect vaccine responses, including pathogen exposure, microbiota composition and dietary nutrients. However, there has been variable success with interventions that target these individual factors, highlighting the need for a better understanding of their downstream immunological mechanisms to develop new ways of modulating vaccine responses. Here, we review the immunological factors that underlie geographical variation in vaccine responses. Through the identification of causal pathways that link environmental influences to vaccine responsiveness, it might become possible to devise modulatory compounds that can complement vaccines for better outcomes in regions where they are needed most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes M A R van Dorst
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeremia J Pyuza
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gyaviira Nkurunungi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vesla I Kullaya
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Linda J Wammes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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22
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Liao B, Yang S, Geng L, Zong J, Zhang Z, Jiang M, Jiang X, Li S, Xu A, Chang J, Hoo RLC. Development of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody against circulating adipocyte fatty acid binding protein to treat ischaemic stroke. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1238-1255. [PMID: 37949671 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) exacerbates cerebral ischaemia injury by disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through inducing expression of MMP-9. Circulating A-FABP levels positively correlate with infarct size in stroke patients. We hypothesized that targeting circulating A-FABP by a neutralizing antibody would alleviate ischaemic stroke outcome. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against A-FABP were generated using mouse hybridoma techniques. Binding affinities of a generated mAb named 6H2 towards various FABPs were determined using Biacore. Molecular docking studies were performed to characterize the 6H2-A-FABP complex structure and epitope. The therapeutic potential and safety of 6H2 were evaluated in mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and healthy mice, respectively. KEY RESULTS Replenishment of recombinant A-FABP exaggerated the stroke outcome in A-FABP-deficient mice. 6H2 exhibited nanomolar to picomolar affinities to human and mouse A-FABP, respectively, with minimal cross-reactivities with heart and epidermal FABPs. 6H2 effectively neutralized JNK/c-Jun activation elicited by A-FABP and reduced MMP-9 production in macrophages. Molecular docking suggested that 6H2 interacts with the "lid" of the fatty acid binding pocket of A-FABP, thus likely hindering the binding of its substrates. In mice with transient MCAO, 6H2 significantly attenuated BBB disruption, cerebral oedema, infarction, neurological deficits, and decreased mortality associated with reduced cytokine and MMP-9 production. Chronic 6H2 treatment showed no obvious adverse effects in healthy mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results establish circulating A-FABP as a viable therapeutic target for ischaemic stroke, and provide a highly promising antibody drug candidate with high affinity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shilun Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leiluo Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiuyu Zong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengxue Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simeng Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruby Lai Chong Hoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Tan AC, Cook SL, Khasraw M. Soluble immune-checkpoint factors: a potential immunotherapy biomarker. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e179352. [PMID: 38557495 PMCID: PMC10977976 DOI: 10.1172/jci179352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is unmet need for additional biomarkers to better select patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that are likely to benefit from immunotherapy in order to improve patient outcomes, reduce patient toxicity, and relieve the growing burden of healthcare costs. In this issue of the JCI, Hayashi and colleagues evaluated soluble forms of the immune checkpoint molecules PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 in the plasma of patients with advanced NSCLC who had been treated with anti-PD-1/L1 therapy. The findings suggest that these soluble immune-checkpoint factors may provide a complementary biomarker to PD-L1 IHC, although application into the clinic may not be straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah L. Cook
- The Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- The Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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24
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Boccella S, Mattia C, Perrone M, Morace AM, Karabacak E, Guida F, Maione S, Luongo L. Synergistic effects of Boswellia serrata and Acmella oleracea extract combination for treating neuropathic pain in a preclinical model of spared nerve injury. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1731-1734. [PMID: 37661796 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Consalvo Mattia
- Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, ICOT Polo Pontino Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medico Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Perrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Maria Morace
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Elif Karabacak
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Dai X, Yuan M, Yang Y, Dang M, Yang J, Shi J, Liu D, Li M, Yao H, Fei W. Dual cross-linked COL1/HAp bionic gradient scaffolds containing human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells promote rotator cuff tendon-bone interface healing. Biomater Adv 2024; 158:213799. [PMID: 38364326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The tendon-bone interface heals through scar tissue, while the lack of a natural interface gradient structure and collagen fibre alignment leads to the occurrence of retearing. Therefore, the promotion of tendon healing has become the focus of regenerative medicine. The purpose of this study was to develop a gradient COL1/ hydroxyapatite (HAp) biomaterial loaded with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). The performance of common cross-linking agents, Genipin, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), and dual cross-linked materials were compared to select the best cross-linking mechanism to optimize the biological and mechanical properties of the scaffold. The optimal COL1/HAp-loaded with hAMSCs were implanted into the tendon-bone rotator cuff interfaces in rats and the effect on the tendon-bone healing was assessed by micro-CT, histological analysis, and biomechanical properties. The results showed that Genipin and EDC/NHS dual cross-linked COL1/HAp had good biological activity and mechanical properties and promoted the proliferation and differentiation of hAMSCs. Animal experiments showed that the group using a scaffold loaded with hAMSCs had excellent continuity and orientation of collagen fibers, increased fibrocartilage and bone formation, and significantly higher biomechanical functions than the control group at the interface at 12 weeks post operation. This study demonstrated that dual cross-linked gradient COL1/HAp-loaded hAMSCs could promote interface healing, thereby providing a feasible strategy for tendon-bone interface regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Dai
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Meijuan Yuan
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Mengbo Dang
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Junli Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Dianwei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Mingjun Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Hang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Wenyong Fei
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
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Kovacik R, Szymanski K, Doroshow J, Cohen D. Legionella Pneumonia in a Patient on a Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitor. Am J Med 2024; 137:e69-e70. [PMID: 38110067 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
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27
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Singh I, Hoti SL, Chauhan N, Joshi RK, Prasad TSK, Sarikhani M, Kaushik M, Unger BS, Jadhav P, Modi PK. Immunomodulation of streptozotocin induced Type 1 diabetes mellitus in mouse model by Macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2) homologue of human lymphatic filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti. Acta Trop 2024; 252:107142. [PMID: 38331083 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Helminth parasites modulate the host immune system to ensure a long-lasting asymptomatic form of infection generally, mediated by the secretion of immunomodulatory molecules and one such molecule is a homologue of human host cytokine, Macrophage migratory Inhibitory Factor (hMIF). In this study, we sought to understand the role of homologue of hMIF from the lymphatic filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti (Wba-MIF2), in the immunomodulation of the Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) animal model. Full-length recombinant Wba-MIF2 was expressed and found to have both oxidoreductase and tautomerase activities. Wba-MIF2 recombinant protein was treated to STZ induced T1DM animals, and after 5 weeks pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines and gene expressions were determined in sera samples and spleen respectively. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated and down-regulated respectively, in the STZ-T1DM animals, as compared to treated groups. Histopathology showed macrophage infiltration and greater damage of islets of beta cells in the pancreatic tissue of STZ-T1DM animals, than Wba-MIF2 treated STZ-T1DM animals. The present study clearly showed the potential of Wba-MIF2 as an immunomodulatory molecule, which could modulate the host immune system in the STZ-T1DM mice model from a pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, India Karnataka, India; KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India Karnataka, India
| | - S L Hoti
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, India Karnataka, India.
| | - Nikhil Chauhan
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, India Karnataka, India
| | - R K Joshi
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, India Karnataka, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575007, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Meenakshi Kaushik
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, India Karnataka, India
| | - Banappa S Unger
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, India Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj Jadhav
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575007, Karnataka, India
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28
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Zhang J, Yu J, Liu M, Xie Z, Lei X, Yang X, Huang S, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang G. Small-molecule modulators of tumor immune microenvironment. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107251. [PMID: 38442612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy, aimed at increasing the activity of immune cells and reducing immunosuppressive effects, has attracted wide attention. Among them, immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) is the most commonly explored therapeutic approach. All approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are clinically effective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Compared with biological agents, small-molecule drugs have many unique advantages in tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, they also play an important role. Immunosuppressive signals such as PD-L1, IDO1, and TGF-β, etc. overexpressed in tumor cells form the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, the efficacy of multi-pathway combined immunotherapy has also been reported and verified. Here, we mainly reviewed the mechanism of tumor immunotherapy, analyzed the research status of small-molecule modulators, and discussed drug candidates' structure-activity relationship (SAR). It provides more opportunities for further research to design more immune small-molecule modulators with novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Yang K, Li S, Ding Y, Meng X, Zhang C, Sun X. Effect of smoking-related features and 731 immune cell phenotypes on esophageal cancer: a two-sample and mediated Mendelian randomized study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336817. [PMID: 38601154 PMCID: PMC11004242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous observational studies have indicated that smoking is a substantial risk factor for esophageal cancer. However, there is a shortage of research that delves into the specific causal relationship and potential mediators between the two. Our study aims to validate the correlation between smoking-related traits and esophageal cancer while exploring the possible mediating effects of immune factors. Methods Initially, we conducted bidirectional univariate Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to forecast the causal effects linking smoking-related traits and esophageal cancer. Subsequently, we employed a two-step MR analysis to scrutinize immune cell phenotypes that could mediate these effects. Finally, the coefficient product method was employed to determine the precise mediating impact. Additionally, we have refined our sensitivity analysis to ensure the reliability of the outcomes. Results After analysis, Smoking status: Never had a significant negative association with the incidence of esophageal cancer (inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, p=1.82e-05, OR=0.10, 95%CI=0.04~0.29). Ever smoked (IVW, p=1.49e-02, OR=4.31, 95%CI=1.33~13.94) and Current tobacco smoking (IVW, p=1.49e-02, OR=4.31, 95%CI=1.33~13.94) showed the promoting effect on the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. Through further examination, researchers discovered 21 immune cell phenotypes that have a causal relationship with esophageal cancer. After careful screening, two immune cell phenotypes were found to have potential mediating effects. In particular, it was observed that in the case of the preventive effect of Smoking status: Never on esophageal cancer, the absolute count of CD62L plasmacytoid dendritic cells mediated a reduction of 4.21%, while the mediating effect of CD27 in CD20-CD38-B cells was -4.12%. In addition, sensitivity analyses did not reveal significant heterogeneity or level pleiotropy. Conclusion The study provides new evidence for the causal relationship between smoking-related features and esophageal cancer and proposes immune factors with potential mediating effects. However, this finding needs to be further demonstrated by more extensive clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiujing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
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30
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Erdinest N, Noyman DBE, London N, Lavy I, Levinger N, Landau D, Solomon A, Morad Y, Naroo SA. Applications of topical immunomodulators enhance clinical signs of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC): a meta-analysis. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:157. [PMID: 38522059 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis aimed to review the safety and efficacy of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) and topical tacrolimus in allergic eye disease. METHODS A systematic search identified thirteen studies and a total of 445 patients for inclusion, making this the largest meta-analysis published on the subject. The current review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS Thirteen randomized control trials were included in the meta-analysis. Eleven studies used CsA as the treatment, and two used Tacrolimus. In total, 445 participants were included, of whom 76.6% were male. The mean age of participants across the included studies was 14 years. All studies reported clinical signs as evaluated by an examining clinician. Signs were usually assessed by anatomical region, with the most common regions being the conjunctiva and the cornea, and the most common signs assessed were hyperemia and papillae. Three studies accounted for more than 50% of the meta-analysis's weight. Effect size (d) ranged from - 2.37 to - 0.03, negative values favoring immunomodulators. Fixed Effect Meta-Analysis returned an SMD of - 0.81 (95% CI [- 0.98, - 0.65]). However, there was significant heterogeneity (I2 = 61%, Qw = 30.76) in the outcome measure (P = 0.0021); therefore, a random-effect meta-analysis was also completed in which the pooled SMD was - 0.98 (95% CI [- 1.26, - 0.69], τ2 = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS This study affirms the current scientific community's stance that immunomodulators effectively treat clinical signs, including blepharitis, conjunctival hyperemia, edema, papillae, and corneal damage in severe ocular allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Itay Lavy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadav Levinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Enaim Refractive Surgery Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Landau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham Solomon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yair Morad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asaf Harofeh Medical Center, Béer Yáakov, Israel
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Zemtsovski JD, Tumpara S, Schmidt S, Vijayan V, Klos A, Laudeley R, Held J, Immenschuh S, Wurm FM, Welte T, Haller H, Janciauskiene S, Shushakova N. Alpha1-antitrypsin improves survival in murine abdominal sepsis model by decreasing inflammation and sequestration of free heme. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368040. [PMID: 38562925 PMCID: PMC10982482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive inflammation, hemolysis, and accumulation of labile heme play an essential role in the pathophysiology of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in sepsis. Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), an acute phase protein with heme binding capacity, is one of the essential modulators of host responses to inflammation. In this study, we evaluate the putative protective effect of AAT against MODS and mortality in a mouse model of polymicrobial abdominal sepsis. Methods Polymicrobial abdominal sepsis was induced in C57BL/6N mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Immediately after CLP surgery, mice were treated intraperitoneally with three different forms of human AAT-plasma-derived native (nAAT), oxidized nAAT (oxAAT), or recombinant AAT (recAAT)-or were injected with vehicle. Sham-operated mice served as controls. Mouse survival, bacterial load, kidney and liver function, immune cell profiles, cytokines/chemokines, and free (labile) heme levels were assessed. In parallel, in vitro experiments were carried out with resident peritoneal macrophages (MPMΦ) and mouse peritoneal mesothelial cells (MPMC). Results All AAT preparations used reduced mortality in septic mice. Treatment with AAT significantly reduced plasma lactate dehydrogenase and s-creatinine levels, vascular leakage, and systemic inflammation. Specifically, AAT reduced intraperitoneal accumulation of free heme, production of cytokines/chemokines, and neutrophil infiltration into the peritoneal cavity compared to septic mice not treated with AAT. In vitro experiments performed using MPMC and primary MPMΦ confirmed that AAT not only significantly decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cell activation but also prevents the enhancement of cellular responses to LPS by free heme. In addition, AAT inhibits cell death caused by free heme in vitro. Conclusion Data from the septic CLP mouse model suggest that intraperitoneal AAT treatment alone is sufficient to improve sepsis-associated organ dysfunctions, preserve endothelial barrier function, and reduce mortality, likely by preventing hyper-inflammatory responses and by neutralizing free heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan D. Zemtsovski
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Srinu Tumpara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Laudeley
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Held
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian M. Wurm
- Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Yang Y, Du Y, Ivanov D, Niu C, Clare R, Smith JW, Nazy I, Kaltashov IA. Molecular architecture and platelet-activating properties of small immune complexes assembled on heparin and platelet factor 4. Commun Biol 2024; 7:308. [PMID: 38467823 PMCID: PMC10928113 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse reaction to heparin leading to a reduction in circulating platelets with an increased risk of thrombosis. It is precipitated by polymerized immune complexes consisting of pathogenic antibodies that recognize a small chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) bound to heparin. Characterization of these immune complexes is extremely challenging due to the enormous structural heterogeneity of such macromolecular assemblies and their constituents. Native mass spectrometry demonstrates that up to three PF4 tetramers can be assembled on a heparin chain, consistent with the molecular modeling studies showing facile polyanion wrapping along the polycationic belt on the PF4 surface. Although these assemblies can accommodate a maximum of only two antibodies, the resulting immune complexes are capable of platelet activation despite their modest size. Taken together, these studies provide further insight into molecular mechanisms of HIT and other immune disorders where anti-PF4 antibodies play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daniil Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Chendi Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rumi Clare
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - James W Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ishac Nazy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Bacher J, Lali N, Steiner F, Jungbauer A. Cytokines as fast indicator of infectious virus titer during process development. J Biotechnol 2024; 383:55-63. [PMID: 38325657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Measuring infectious titer is the most time-consuming method during the production and process development of live viruses. Conventionally, it is done by measuring the tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) or plaque forming units (pfu) in cell-based assays. Such assays require a time span of more than a week to the readout and significantly slow down process development. In this study, we utilized the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of a Vero production cell line to a recombinant measles vaccine virus (MVV) as model system for rapidly determining infectious virus titer within several hours after infection instead of one week. Cytokines are immunostimulatory proteins contributing to the first line of defence against virus infection. The probed cytokines in this study were MCP-1 and RANTES, which are secreted in a virus dose as well as time dependent manner and correlate to TCID50 over a concentration range of several logarithmic levels with R2 = 0.86 and R2 = 0.83, respectively. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of the cells was specific for infectious virus particles and not evoked with filtered virus seed. We also discovered that individual cytokine candidates may be more suitable for off- or at-line analysis, depending on the secretion profile as well as their sensitivity towards changing process conditions. Furthermore, the method can be applied to follow a purification procedure and is therefore suited for process development and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bacher
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Narges Lali
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Steiner
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Choi YJ, Kim WR, Kim DH, Kim JH, Yoo JH. Human umbilical cord/placenta mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium attenuates intestinal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:69. [PMID: 38454492 PMCID: PMC10921617 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant unmet need in inflammatory bowel disease is the lack of anti-fibrotic agents targeting intestinal fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic properties and mechanisms of the conditioned medium (CM) from human umbilical cord/placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC/PL-MSC-CM) in a murine intestinal fibrosis model and human primary intestinal myofibroblasts (HIMFs). METHODS UC/PL-MSC-CM was concentrated 15-fold using a 3 kDa cut-off filter. C57BL/6 mice aged 7 weeks old were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) control, (2) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), (3) DSS + CM (late-phase treatment), and (4) DSS + CM (early-phase treatment). Chronic DSS colitis and intestinal fibrosis was induced by three cycles of DSS administration. One DSS cycle consisted of 7 days of oral DSS administration (1.75%, 2%, and 2.5% DSS), followed by 14 days of drinking water. UC/PL-MSC-CM was intraperitoneally administered in the late phase (from day 50, 10 times) or early phase (from day 29, 10 times) of DSS cycles. HIMFs were treated with TGF-β1 and co-treated with UC/PL-MSC-CM (10% of culture media) in the cellular model. RESULTS In the animal study, UC/PL-MSC-CM reduced submucosa/muscularis propria thickness and collagen deposition, which improved intestinal fibrosis in chronic DSS colitis. The UC/PL-MSC-CM significantly reduced the expressions of procollagen1A1 and α-smooth muscle actin, which DSS significantly elevated. The anti-fibrogenic effect was more apparent in the UC-MSC-CM or early-phase treatment model. The UC/PL-MSC-CM reduced procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin expression in HIMFs in the cellular model. The UC/PL-MSC-CM downregulated fibrogenesis by suppressing RhoA, MRTF-A, and SRF expression. CONCLUSIONS Human UC/PL-MSC-CM inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic activation in HIMFs by blocking the Rho/MRTF/SRF pathway and chronic DSS colitis-induced intestinal fibrosis. Thus, it may be regarded as a novel candidate for stem cell-based therapy of intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Woo Ram Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, South Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
| | - Jun Hwan Yoo
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
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Fabros D, Charerntantanakul W. Type I and II interferons, transcription factors and major histocompatibility complexes were enhanced by knocking down the PRRSV-induced transforming growth factor beta in monocytes co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1308330. [PMID: 38510257 PMCID: PMC10950996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1308330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection are known to be poor. This study investigates the impact of PRRSV-induced transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) on the expressions of type I and II interferons (IFNs), transcription factors, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in PRRSV-infected co-cultures of monocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) specific to the AUG region of porcine TGFβ1 mRNA was synthesized and successfully knocked down TGFβ1 mRNA expression and protein translation. Monocytes transfected with TGFβAS1 ODN, then simultaneously co-cultured with PBL and inoculated with either classical PRRSV-2 (cPRRSV-2) or highly pathogenic PRRSV-2 (HP-PRRSV-2) showed a significant reduction in TGFβ1 mRNA expression and a significant increase in the mRNA expressions of IFNα, IFNγ, MHC-I, MHC-II, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and STAT2. Additionally, transfection of TGFβAS1 ODN in the monocyte and PBL co-culture inoculated with cPRRSV-2 significantly increased the mRNA expression of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40). PRRSV-2 RNA copy numbers were significantly reduced in monocytes and PBL co-culture transfected with TGFβAS1 ODN compared to the untransfected control. The yields of PRRSV-2 RNA copy numbers in PRRSV-2-inoculated monocytes and PBL co-culture were sustained and reduced by porcine TGFβ1 (rTGFβ1) and recombinant porcine IFNα (rIFNα), respectively. These findings highlight the strategy employed by PRRSV to suppress the innate immune response through the induction of TGFβ expression. The inclusion of TGFβ as a parameter for future PRRSV vaccine and vaccine adjuvant candidates is recommended.
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Silva JC, Meneses J, Garrudo FFF, Fernandes SR, Alves N, Ferreira FC, Pascoal-Faria P. Direct coupled electrical stimulation towards improved osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: a comparative study of different protocols. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5458. [PMID: 38443455 PMCID: PMC10915174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has been described as a promising tool for bone tissue engineering, being known to promote vital cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Despite the high variability of applied protocol parameters, direct coupled electric fields have been successfully applied to promote osteogenic and osteoinductive processes in vitro and in vivo. Our work aims to study the viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells when subjected to five different ES protocols. The protocols were specifically selected to understand the biological effects of different parts of the generated waveform for typical direct-coupled stimuli. In vitro culture studies evidenced variations in cell responses with different electric field magnitudes (numerically predicted) and exposure protocols, mainly regarding tissue mineralization (calcium contents) and osteogenic marker gene expression while maintaining high cell viability and regular morphology. Overall, our results highlight the importance of numerical guided experiments to optimize ES parameters towards improved in vitro osteogenesis protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Leiria, Portugal.
| | - João Meneses
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Leiria, Portugal.
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Fábio F F Garrudo
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia R Fernandes
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alves
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Leiria, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4163, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Pascoal-Faria
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Leiria, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Mathematics, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic of Leiria, Morro do Lena - Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4163, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal.
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Jin H, Tu M, Meng Z, Jiang B, Yang Q, Li Y, Zhang Z. Identification and structural analysis of dimeric chicken complement component 3d and its binding with chicken complement receptor 2. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 152:105109. [PMID: 38061436 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Complement component 3d (C3d), the final cleavage product of complement component C3, interacts with CR2 and thus plays a crucial role in linking the innate and adaptive immune systems. Additionally, human C3d executes various functions in its dimeric form, which is more effective than its monomeric form. In this study, we aimed to explored whether chicken C3d (chC3d) exhibits similar characteristics, namely dimerization and binding of dimeric chC3d to chicken CR2 (chCR2). We investigated the interaction and co-localization of chC3d with itself using coimmunoprecipitation and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Then, dimeric chC3d was detected using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting, and its equilibrium dissociation constant KD (827 nM) was determined using surface plasmon resonance. Finally, the interaction modes of dimeric chC3d were identified using molecular docking simulations, which revealed that dimeric chC3d could crosslink with chCR2 receptor. Overall, our findings will facilitate future explorations of the chicken complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Tu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaoying Meng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Huang B, Huang W, Hao S. Cutaneous ulceration in juvenile dermatomyositis with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:342-343. [PMID: 37936561 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
This report presents the case of an 11-year-old girl with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), anti-MDA5 antibodies and multiple skin ulcers. Treatment with traditional immunomodulators and tofacitinib resulted in healing of the skin ulcers and normalization of muscle enzyme markers. This case highlights the significance of recognizing the association between anti-MDA5 antibodies and cutaneous ulceration in JDM and supports the use of Janus kinase inhibitors as a management option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ragab EA, Abd El-Wahab MF, Doghish AS, Salama RM, Eissa N, Darwish SF. The journey of boswellic acids from synthesis to pharmacological activities. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024; 397:1477-1504. [PMID: 37740772 PMCID: PMC10858840 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lot of interest in using naturally occurring substances to treat a wide variety of chronic disorders in recent years. From the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and Boswellia carteri, the pentacyclic triterpene molecules known as boswellic acid (BA) are extracted. We aimed to provide a detailed overview of the origins, chemistry, synthetic derivatives, pharmacokinetic, and biological activity of numerous Boswellia species and their derivatives. The literature searched for reports of B. serrata and isolated BAs having anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and clastogenic activities. Our results revealed that the cytotoxic and anticancer effects of B. serrata refer to its triterpenoid component, including BAs. Three-O-acetyl-11-keto-BA was the most promising cytotoxic molecule among tested substances. Activation of caspases, upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and stimulation of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage are the primary mechanisms responsible for cytotoxic and antitumor effects. Evidence suggests that BAs have shown promise in combating a wide range of debilitating disease conditions, including cancer, hepatic, inflammatory, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, P.O. Box 59911, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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Bhatia Z, Kumar S, Seshadri S. Composition and interaction of maternal microbiota with immune mediators during pregnancy and their outcome: A narrative review. Life Sci 2024; 340:122440. [PMID: 38278350 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The connection between maternal microbiota and infant health has been greatly garnered interest for therapeutic purposes. The early resident microbiota perpetually exhibits much more flexibility as compared to that of the adults, and therefore, constant need of understanding the infant as well as maternal microbiota and their implications however has increased. In this review, we focus mainly on the diversity of overall maternal microbiota including the gut, vaginal, colostrum microbiota and how inflammatory markers fluctuate throughout the normal pregnancy as well in pregnancy with complications. The maternal body undergoes a cascade of physiological changes including hormonal, immunological and metabolic events to support the fetal development. These changes at the time of pregnancy have been correlated with alteration in the composition and diversity of maternal microbiota. Along with alteration in microbiome, the levels of circulatory cytokines fluctuate by complex network of inflammation, in order to prevent the fetal allograft throughout the pregnancy. The dynamic relationship of gut microbiota with the host and its immune system allows one to have greater insights of their role in pregnancy and newborn's health. Emerging evidence suggests that the vertical transmission of bacterial community from mother to newborn may begin in-utero which contributes in developing the immune system and infant gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeel Bhatia
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Sunny Kumar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Sriram Seshadri
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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Shin HS, Kim S, Jin SM, Yoo YJ, Heo JH, Lim YT. Molecular Masking of Synthetic Immunomodulator Evokes Antitumor Immunity With Reduced Immune Tolerance and Systemic Toxicity by Temporal Activity Recovery and Sustained Stimulation. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309039. [PMID: 37903320 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system counteracts tumor-induced immunosuppression. Hence, small molecule-based toll-like receptor 7/8 agonists (TLR7/8a), which can modulate immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment along with the activation of innate immunity, are emerging as essential components of cancer immunotherapy. However, the clinical application of synthetic TLR7/8a therapies is limited by systemic immune-associated toxicity and immune tolerance induced by uncontrolled stimulatory activities and repeated treatments. To address these limitations, a dynamic immunomodulation strategy incorporating masking and temporal recovery of the activity of TLR7/8a through prodrug-like TLR7/8a (pro-TLR7/8a) at the molecular level and a sustained and controlled release of active TLR7/8a from nanoliposome (pro-TLR7/8a) (NL(pro-TLR7/8)) in a macroscale depot are designed. Immunization with cationic NL(pro-TLR7/8) and anionic antigens triggers robust activation of innate immune cells as well as antigen-specific T cell responses, eliciting reprogramming of immunosuppressive cells into tumor-suppressive cells, with decreased systemic adverse effects and immune tolerance. Combination treatment with NL(pro-TLR7/8a) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4 plus anti-PD-L1) or nanoliposomes (Doxorubicin) has synergistic effects on antitumor immunity in various tumor models. The concept of pro-TLR7/8a suggested herein may facilitate the advancement of small-molecule-based immunomodulators for clinical translation and safe and effective cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sik Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mo Jin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hun Heo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Oaknin A, Ghamande SA, Kasamatsu Y, Gil-Martin M, Grau-Bejar JF, Garcia-Duran C, Sato M, Siddiqui A, Chaudhary SP, Vugmeyster Y, Hasegawa K. Phase I Trial of First-line Bintrafusp Alfa in Patients with Locally Advanced or Persistent/Recurrent/Metastatic Cervical Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:975-983. [PMID: 38165683 PMCID: PMC10905521 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bintrafusp alfa, a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of TGFβ receptor II (a TGFβ "trap") fused to a human IgG1 mAb blocking programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), was evaluated as treatment in patients with locally advanced or persistent, recurrent, or metastatic (P/R/M) cervical cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multicenter, open-label, phase Ib trial (NCT04551950), patients with P/R/M cervical cancer received bintrafusp alfa 2,400 mg once every 3 weeks plus cisplatin or carboplatin plus paclitaxel with (Cohort 1A; n = 8) or without (Cohort 1B; n = 9) bevacizumab; patients with locally advanced cervical cancer received bintrafusp alfa 2,400 mg every 3 weeks plus cisplatin plus radiation, followed by bintrafusp alfa monotherapy maintenance (Cohort 2; n = 8). The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included efficacy (including objective response rate) and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS At the data cutoff of April 27, 2022, patients in Cohorts 1A, 1B, and 2 had received bintrafusp alfa for a median duration of 37.9, 31.1, and 16.7 weeks, respectively. Two dose-limiting toxicities (grade 4 amylase elevation and grade 3 menorrhagia) unrelated to bintrafusp alfa were observed in Cohort 1B and none in other cohorts. Most treatment-emergent adverse events of special interest were grades 1-2 in severity, most commonly anemia (62.5%-77.8%) and bleeding events (62.5%-77.8%). Objective response rate was 75.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 34.9-96.8], 44.4% (95% CI, 13.7-78.8), and 62.5% (95% CI, 24.5-91.5) in Cohorts 1A, 1B, and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bintrafusp alfa had manageable safety and demonstrated clinical activity, further supporting the investigation of TGFβ/PD-L1 inhibition in human papillomavirus-associated cancers, including cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oaknin
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Gil-Martin
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Grau-Bejar
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Duran
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Masashi Sato
- the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Abdul Siddiqui
- the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Yuksel I, Cagir Y, Atay A. Immunomodulator combination versus mono therapy: Does combination therapy have an impact on infliximab therapy? Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:530-531. [PMID: 38071183 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilhami Yuksel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yavuz Cagir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Atay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Singh A, Ghosh R, Asuru TR, Prajapat SK, Joshi G, Gaur KK, Shrimali NM, Ojha A, Vikram NK, Poncz M, Kalia M, Guchhait P. Inhibition of cellular activation induced by platelet factor 4 via the CXCR3 pathway ameliorates Japanese encephalitis and dengue viral infections. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:818-833. [PMID: 38029855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated platelets secrete platelet factor 4 (PF4), which contributes to viral pathogenesis. Recently, we reported the proviral role of PF4 in replication of closely related flaviviruses, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus (DENV). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the detailed mechanism of PF4-mediated virus replication. METHODS PF4-/- or wild-type (WT) mice were infected with JEV, and host defense mechanisms, including autophagic/interferon (IFN) responses, were assessed. WT mice were pretreated with the CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 that inhibits PF4:CXCR3 pathway. This pathway was tested in PF4-/- monocytes infected with DENV or in monocytes isolated from patients with DENV infection. RESULTS PF4-/- mice infected with JEV showed reduced viral load and improved brain inflammation and survival. PF4-/- mice synthesized more IFN-α/β with higher expression of phosphorylated IRF3 in the brain. PF4 treatment decreased IRF-3/7/9 and IFN-α/β expression and suppressed autophagic LC3-II flux and lysosomal degradation of viral proteins in JEV-infected cells. PF4 increased the expression of P-mTOR, P-p38, and P-ULK1Ser757 and decreased expression of LC3-II. Decreased autophagosome-lysosome fusion in turn promoted DENV2 replication. The above processes were reversed by AMG487. Uninfected PF4-/- monocytes showed elevated LC3-II and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Microglia of JEV-infected PF4-/- mice exhibited elevated LC3-II inversely related to viral load. Similarly, monocytes from PF4-/- mice showed reduced infection by DENV2. In patients with DENV infection, higher plasma PF4 and viral load were inversely correlated with LC3-II, LAMP-1, and lysosomal degradation of DENV-NS1 in monocytes during the febrile phase. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that PF4 deficiency or inhibition of the PF4:CXCR3 pathway prevents JEV and DENV infection. The studies also highlight the PF4:CXCR3 axis as a potential target to develop treatment regimens against flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Riya Ghosh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Tejeswara Rao Asuru
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Surendra K Prajapat
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Garima Joshi
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Kishan K Gaur
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Nishith M Shrimali
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amrita Ojha
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Division of Infectious Disease, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manjula Kalia
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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Paules CI, Wang J, Tomashek KM, Bonnett T, Singh K, Marconi VC, Davey RT, Lye DC, Dodd LE, Yang OO, Benson CA, Deye GA, Doernberg SB, Hynes NA, Grossberg R, Wolfe CR, Nayak SU, Short WR, Voell J, Potter GE, Rapaka RR. A Risk Profile Using Simple Hematologic Parameters to Assess Benefits From Baricitinib in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial-2. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:343-352. [PMID: 38408357 DOI: 10.7326/m23-2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ACTT risk profile, which was developed from ACTT-1 (Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial-1), demonstrated that hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the high-risk quartile (characterized by low absolute lymphocyte count [ALC], high absolute neutrophil count [ANC], and low platelet count at baseline) benefited most from treatment with the antiviral remdesivir. It is unknown which patient characteristics are associated with benefit from treatment with the immunomodulator baricitinib. OBJECTIVE To apply the ACTT risk profile to the ACTT-2 cohort to investigate potential baricitinib-related treatment effects by risk quartile. DESIGN Post hoc analysis of ACTT-2, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04401579). SETTING Sixty-seven trial sites in 8 countries. PARTICIPANTS Adults hospitalized with COVID-19 (n = 999; 85% U.S. participants). INTERVENTION Baricitinib+remdesivir versus placebo+remdesivir. MEASUREMENTS Mortality, progression to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death, and recovery, all within 28 days; ALC, ANC, and platelet count trajectories. RESULTS In the high-risk quartile, baricitinib+remdesivir was associated with reduced risk for death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.38 [95% CI, 0.16 to 0.86]; P = 0.020), decreased progression to IMV or death (HR, 0.57 [CI, 0.35 to 0.93]; P = 0.024), and improved recovery rate (HR, 1.53 [CI, 1.16 to 2.02]; P = 0.002) compared with placebo+remdesivir. After 5 days, participants receiving baricitinib+remdesivir had significantly larger increases in ALC and significantly larger decreases in ANC compared with control participants, with the largest effects observed in the high-risk quartile. LIMITATION Secondary analysis of data collected before circulation of current SARS-CoV-2 variants. CONCLUSION The ACTT risk profile identifies a subgroup of hospitalized patients who benefit most from baricitinib treatment and captures a patient phenotype of treatment response to an immunomodulator and an antiviral. Changes in ALC and ANC trajectory suggest a mechanism whereby an immunomodulator limits severe COVID-19. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine I Paules
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania (C.I.P.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.W., T.B.)
| | - Kay M Tomashek
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.M.T., K.S., R.T.D., L.E.D., G.A.D., S.U.N., J.V., G.E.P.)
| | - Tyler Bonnett
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.W., T.B.)
| | - Kanal Singh
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.M.T., K.S., R.T.D., L.E.D., G.A.D., S.U.N., J.V., G.E.P.)
| | - Vincent C Marconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (V.C.M.)
| | - Richard T Davey
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.M.T., K.S., R.T.D., L.E.D., G.A.D., S.U.N., J.V., G.E.P.)
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore (D.C.L.)
| | - Lori E Dodd
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.M.T., K.S., R.T.D., L.E.D., G.A.D., S.U.N., J.V., G.E.P.)
| | - Otto O Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (O.O.Y.)
| | - Constance A Benson
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California (C.A.B.)
| | - Gregory A Deye
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.M.T., K.S., R.T.D., L.E.D., G.A.D., S.U.N., J.V., G.E.P.)
| | - Sarah B Doernberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.B.D.)
| | - Noreen A Hynes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (N.A.H.)
| | - Robert Grossberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (R.G.)
| | - Cameron R Wolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.R.W.)
| | - Seema U Nayak
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.M.T., K.S., R.T.D., L.E.D., G.A.D., S.U.N., J.V., G.E.P.)
| | - William R Short
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (W.R.S.)
| | - Jocelyn Voell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.M.T., K.S., R.T.D., L.E.D., G.A.D., S.U.N., J.V., G.E.P.)
| | - Gail E Potter
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.M.T., K.S., R.T.D., L.E.D., G.A.D., S.U.N., J.V., G.E.P.)
| | - Rekha R Rapaka
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (R.R.R.)
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Drews SJ. Commentary on "Inhibition of cellular activation induced by platelet factor 4 via the CXCR3 pathway ameliorates Japanese encephalitis and dengue viral infections". J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:609-612. [PMID: 38417982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Microbiology Department, Donor Policy and Studies, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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47
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Mu F, Wang M, Zeng X, Wang F. Predicting risk of subsequent pregnancy loss among women with recurrent pregnancy loss: An immunological factor-based multivariable model. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13837. [PMID: 38514448 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Studies on subsequent pregnancy loss prediction models specific for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients are very limited. This study aims to develop a risk predictive model based on the immunological parameters for the subsequent pregnancy loss risk in northwest Chinese RPL patients. METHOD OF STUDY Totally of 357 RPL patients recruited from Lanzhou University Second Hospital were included in this retrospective study. Univariate analysis was performed on RPL patients with outcomes of live birth or pregnancy loss. Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to select variables among baseline and clinical characteristics and to develop a pregnancy loss risk prediction model with all 357 RPL patients. The area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and decision curve analyses were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model; moreover, 10-fold cross-validation was used for internal validation. RESULTS Ten factors of maternal age, age of menarche, previous pregnancy loss, IL-10, complement 4, IgA, antiprothrombin antibody IgG/IgM, rheumatoid factor IgA, and lupus anticoagulant (LA) 1/LA2 ratio were finally selected as variables for the prediction model of pregnancy loss risk. The AUC value and Hosmer-Lemeshow test p-value of the model were .707 and .599, respectively, indicating a satisfactory discrimination and calibration performance. Moreover, the clinical decision curve suggested this prediction model have a good positive net benefit. CONCLUSIONS This is the first prediction model for the risk of subsequent pregnancy loss in northwest Chinese women with RPL, providing a user-friendly tool to clinicians for the early prediction and timely management of RPL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Mu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Lee M, Kim D, Chang JY. Metabolites of Kimchi Lactic Acid Bacteria, Indole-3-Lactic Acid, Phenyllactic Acid, and Leucic Acid, Inhibit Obesity-Related Inflammation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:306-313. [PMID: 37940180 PMCID: PMC10940772 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the diversity of vegetables utilized in food fermentation and various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) populations in these materials, comprehensive studies on LAB from vegetable foods, including kimchi, are imperative. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the obesity-related inflammation response of three metabolites-phenyllactic acid (PLA), indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), and leucic acid (LA)-produced by LAB (Companilactobacillus allii WiKim39 and Lactococcus lactis WiKim0124) isolated from kimchi. Their effects on tumor necrosis factor-α-induced changes in adipokines and inflammatory response in adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells were examined. The study results showed that PLA, ILA, and LA, particularly PLA, effectively reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride, glycerol, free fatty acid, and adiponectin levels. Furthermore, the identified metabolites were found to modulate the expression of signaling proteins involved in adipogenesis and inflammation. Specifically, these metabolites were associated with enriched expression in the chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, which are critical pathways involved in regulating immune responses and inflammation. PLA, ILA, and LA also suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and several inflammatory markers, with the PLA-treated group exhibiting the lowest levels. These results suggest that PLA, ILA, and LA are potential therapeutic agents for treating obesity and inflammation by regulating adipokine secretion and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeun Lee
- Fermentation Regulation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Kim
- Fermentation Regulation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Chang
- Fermentation Regulation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen TH, Chen LY, Khan NZ, Lindenbauer A, Bui VC, Zipfel PF, Heinrich D. The Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to Platelet Factor 4: A Proposed Mechanism for the Generation of Pathogenic Antibodies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:245. [PMID: 38540666 PMCID: PMC10967930 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies contributed to the abnormal coagulation profiles in COVID-19 and vaccinated patients. However, the mechanism of what triggers the body to produce these antibodies has not yet been clarified. Similar patterns and many comparable features between the COVID-19 virus and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) have been reported. Previously, we identified a new mechanism of autoimmunity in HIT in which PF4-antibodies self-clustered PF4 and exposed binding epitopes for other pathogenic PF4/eparin antibodies. Here, we first proved that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) also binds to PF4. The binding was evidenced by the increase in mass and optical intensity as observed through quartz crystal microbalance and immunosorbent assay, while the switching of the surface zeta potential caused by protein interactions and binding affinity of PF4-SP were evaluated by dynamic light scattering and isothermal spectral shift analysis. Based on our results, we proposed a mechanism for the generation of PF4 antibodies in COVID-19 patients. We further validated the changes in zeta potential and interaction affinity between PF4 and SP and found that their binding mechanism differs from ACE2-SP binding. Importantly, the PF4/SP complexes facilitate the binding of anti-PF4/Heparin antibodies. Our findings offer a fresh perspective on PF4 engagement with the SARS-CoV-2 SP, illuminating the role of PF4/SP complexes in severe thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Huong Nguyen
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98694 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Li-Yu Chen
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
- Institute of Miccrobiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nida Zaman Khan
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98694 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Annerose Lindenbauer
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
| | - Van-Chien Bui
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment, Eichsfeldwerke GmbH, 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
| | - Peter F. Zipfel
- Institute of Miccrobiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Doris Heinrich
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98694 Ilmenau, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Silicatforschung, Neunerplatz, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
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Ushakov R, Ratushnyy A, Buravkova L, Tolkunova E, Burova E. The Decellularized Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix Enhances the Paracrine Function of Human Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2419. [PMID: 38397096 PMCID: PMC10889327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are known to secrete pleiotropic paracrine factors, contributing to tissue regeneration. This unique ability makes MSCs promising therapeutic tools for many diseases, including even those that were previously untreatable. Thus, the development of preconditioning approaches aimed at enhancing the paracrine function of MSCs attracts great interest. In the present work, we studied how the extracellular matrix, the essential part of the native tissue microenvironment, affects the secretory capacity of MSCs of various origins. The MSC-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), used as the cell culture substrate, triggered strong upregulation of FGF-2, MMP-1, HGF, GRO-α, GRO-β, CXCL-5, CXCL-6, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF and MCP-1. Functional in vitro tests revealed that conditioned media derived from MSCs cultured on dECM significantly improved 3T3 fibroblast and HaCaT keratinocyte scratch wound healing, stimulated THP-1 monocyte migration and promoted capillary-like HUVEC-based tube formation compared to conditioned media from MSCs grown on plastic. In addition, we found that FAK inhibition promoted dECM-induced upregulation of paracrine factors, suggesting that this kinase participates in the MSCs' paracrine response to dECM. Together, these findings demonstrate that dECM provides cues that considerably enhance the secretory function of MSCs. Thus, dECM usage as a cell culture substrate alone or in combination with a FAK inhibitor may be viewed as a novel MSC preconditioning technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ushakov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Andrey Ratushnyy
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Ludmila Buravkova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Elena Tolkunova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Elena Burova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.U.); (E.T.)
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