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Alghanmi M, Minshawi F, Altorki TA, Zawawi A, Alsaady I, Naser AY, Alwafi H, Alsulami SM, Azhari AA, Hashem AM, Alhabbab R. Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators: a systematic review of their promise in alleviating colitis. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:21. [PMID: 38637733 PMCID: PMC11025257 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Helminth-derived proteins have immunomodulatory properties, influencing the host's immune response as an adaptive strategy for helminth survival. Helminth-derived proteins modulate the immune response by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoting regulatory T-cell development, and ultimately favouring a Th2-biased immune response. This systematic review focused on helminth-derived proteins and explored their impact on reducing inflammatory responses in mouse models of colitis. A systematic search across Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified fourteen relevant studies. These studies reported immunomodulatory changes, including increased production of anti-inflammatory cells and cytokines. In mouse models of colitis treated with on helminth-derived proteins, significant improvements in pathological parameters such as body weight, colon length, and microscopic inflammatory scores were observed compared to control groups. Moreover, helminth-derived proteins can enhance the function of Tregs and alleviate the severity of inflammatory conditions. The findings underscore the pivotal role of helminth-derived proteins in immunomodulation, specifically in the axis of cytokine secretion and immune cell polarization. The findings offer new opportunities for treating chronic inflammatory conditions such Crohn's disease.
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Grants
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- IFPRC-408160-290-2020 the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimonah Alghanmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa A Altorki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isra Alsaady
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soa'ad M Alsulami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratories, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala A Azhari
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowa Alhabbab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Mujalli A, Farrash WF, Obaid AA, Khan AA, Almaimani RA, Idris S, Elzubier ME, Khidir EBA, Aslam A, Minshawi F, Alobaidy MA, Alharbi AB, Almasmoum HA, Ghaith M, Alqethami K, Refaat B. Improved Glycaemic Control and Nephroprotective Effects of Empagliflozin and Paricalcitol Co-Therapy in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17380. [PMID: 38139208 PMCID: PMC10743534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we measured the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin; SGLT2i) and synthetic active vitamin D (paricalcitol; Pcal) mono- and co-therapy against diabetic nephropathy (DN). Fifty mice were assigned into negative (NC) and positive (PC) control, SGLT2i, Pcal, and SGLT2i+Pcal groups. Following establishment of DN, SGLT2i (5.1 mg/kg/day) and/or Pcal (0.5 µg/kg/day) were used in the designated groups (5 times/week/day). DN was affirmed in the PC group by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, polyuria, proteinuria, elevated urine protein/creatinine ratio, and abnormal renal biochemical parameters. Renal SREBP-1 lipogenic molecule, adipokines (leptin/resistin), pro-oxidant (MDA/H2O2), pro-inflammatory (IL1β/IL6/TNF-α), tissue damage (iNOS/TGF-β1/NGAL/KIM-1), and apoptosis (TUNEL/Caspase-3) markers also increased in the PC group. In contrast, renal lipolytic (PPARα/PPARγ), adiponectin, antioxidant (GSH/GPx1/SOD1/CAT), and anti-inflammatory (IL10) molecules decreased in the PC group. Both monotherapies increased insulin levels and mitigated hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, renal and urine biochemical profiles alongside renal lipid regulatory molecules, inflammation, and oxidative stress. While SGLT2i monotherapy showed superior effects to Pcal, their combination demonstrated enhanced remedial actions related to metabolic control alongside renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, SGLT2i was better than Pcal monotherapy against DN, and their combination revealed better nephroprotection, plausibly by enhanced glycaemic control with boosted renal antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam F. Farrash
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Obaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anmar A. Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A. Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Elzubier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshiekh Babiker A. Khidir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alobaidy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm AlQura University, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel B. Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A. Almasmoum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Ghaith
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alqethami
- Department of Laboratory, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
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Farrash WF, Aslam A, Almaimani R, Minshawi F, Almasmoum H, Alsaegh A, Iqbal MS, Tabassum A, Elzubier ME, El-Readi MZ, Mahbub AA, Idris S, Refaat B. Metformin and thymoquinone co-treatment enhance 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by suppressing the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α pathway and increasing oxidative stress in colon cancer cells. Biofactors 2023; 49:831-848. [PMID: 36929658 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the chemotherapeutic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), metformin (Met), and/or thymoquinone (TQ) single/dual/triple therapies in the HT29, SW480 and SW620 colon cancer (CRC) cell lines. Cell cycle/apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The gene and protein expression of apoptosis (PCNA/survivin/BAX/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3) and cell cycle (CCND1/CCND3/p21/p27) molecules, the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α oncogenic pathway, and glycolysis regulatory enzymes were measured by quantitative-PCR and Western blot. Markers of oxidative stress were also measured by colorimetric assays. Although all treatments induced anti-cancer effects related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the triple therapy showed the highest pro-apoptotic actions that coincided with the lowest expression of CCND1/CCND3/PCNA/survivin and the maximal increases in p21/p27/BAX/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3 in all cell lines. The triple therapy also revealed the best suppression of the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α pathway by increasing its endogenous inhibitors (PTEN/AMPKα) in all cell lines. Moreover, the lowest expression of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 with the highest expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase were seen with the triple therapy, which also showed the highest increases in oxidative stress markers (ROS/RNS/MDA/protein carbonyl groups) alongside the lowest antioxidant levels (GSH/CAT) in all cell lines. In conclusion, this is the first study to reveal enhanced anti-cancer effects for metformin/thymoquinone in CRC that were superior to all monotherapies and the other dual therapies. However, the triple therapy approach showed the best tumoricidal actions related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in all cell lines, possibly by enhancing oxidative glycolysis and augmenting oxidative stress through stronger modulation of the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α oncogenic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam F Farrash
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Iqbal
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Tabassum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Z El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Amani A Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Alwafi H, Naser AY, Ashoor DS, Aldhahir AM, Alqahtani JS, Minshawi F, Salawati E, Samannodi M, Dairi MS, Alansari AK, Ekram R. Trends in hospital admissions and prescribing due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in England and Wales between 1999 and 2020: an ecological study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:49. [PMID: 36726097 PMCID: PMC9893556 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the trends in hospital admissions and medication prescriptions related to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in England and Wales. METHODS An ecological study was conducted between April 1999 and April 2020 using data extracted from the hospital episode statistics database in England and the patient episode database for Wales. The Office of National Statistics mid-year population estimates for 1999 through 2020 were collected, and medication prescription data for 2004-2020 were extracted from the prescription cost analysis database. RESULTS The total annual number of COPD and asthma hospital admissions for various causes increased by 82.2%, from 210,525 in 1999 to 383,652 in 2020, representing a 59.1% increase in hospital admission rate (from 403.77 in 1999 to 642.42 per 100,000 persons in 2020, p < 0.05). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute lower respiratory infection accounted for 38.7% of hospital admissions. Around 34.7% of all hospital admissions involved patients aged 75 and older. Around 53.8% of all COPD and asthma hospital admissions were attributable to females. The annual number of prescriptions dispensed for COPD and asthma medications increased by 42.2%. CONCLUSIONS Throughout the study period, hospital admissions due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, as well as medication prescriptions, increased dramatically among all age groups. Hospitalization rates were higher for women. Further observational and epidemiological research is required to identify the factors contributing to increased hospitalization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alwafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia ,grid.413517.50000 0004 1796 5802Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- grid.460941.e0000 0004 0367 5513Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Deema Sami Ashoor
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Saleh Dairi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Khaled Alansari
- grid.415696.90000 0004 0573 9824Maternity and Children Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Ekram
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Qasem A, Assaggaf H, Mrabti HN, Minshawi F, Rajab BS, Attar AA, Alyamani RA, Hamed M, Mrabti NN, Baaboua AE, Omari NE, Alshahrani MM, Awadh AAA, Sheikh RA, Ming LC, Goh KW, Bouyahya A. Determination of Chemical Composition and Investigation of Biological Activities of Ocimum basilicum L. Molecules 2023; 28:614. [PMID: 36677672 PMCID: PMC9866482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum basilicum L., as well as to evaluate the antibacterial, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the EOs and aqueous extracts of O. basilicum. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against bacterial strains, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, using the well diffusion and microdilution methods, whereas the antidiabetic activity was assessed in vitro using two enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the other hand, the dermatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities were studied by testing tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibition activity, respectively. The results showed that the chemical composition of O. basilicum EO (OBEO) is dominated by methyl chavicol (86%) and trans-anethol (8%). OBEO exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, demonstrated by considerable diameters of the inhibition zones and lower MIC and MBC values. In addition, OBEO exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 50.51 ± 0.32 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 39.84 ± 1.2 μg/mL). Concerning the anti-inflammatory activity, OBEO significantly inhibited lipoxygenase activity (IC50 = 18.28 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 24.8 ± 0.01 μg/mL). Moreover, tyrosinase was considerably inhibited by OBEO (IC50 = 68.58 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 118.37 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The toxicological investigations revealed the safety of O. basilicum in acute and chronic toxicity. The finding of in silico analysis showed that methyl chavicol and trans-anethole (main compounds of OBEO) validate the pharmacokinetics of these compounds and decipher some antibacterial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 8359006 Lille, France
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bodour S. Rajab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A. Attar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A. Alyamani
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidal Naceiri Mrabti
- Engineering Materials, Modeling and Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek-Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan Adnan Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
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Refaat B, Aslam A, Idris S, Almalki AH, Alkhaldi MY, Asiri HA, Almaimani RA, Mujalli A, Minshawi F, Alamri SA, AlHussain MI, Baltow BA, Alqasmi MH, Basfar GT, Alosaimi OM, Muhayya IA. Profiling estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors in colorectal cancer in relation to gender, menopausal status, clinical stage, and tumour sidedness. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1187259. [PMID: 37206439 PMCID: PMC10190606 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1187259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although estrogen (ERα/ERβ), progesterone (PGR), and androgen (AR) receptors are pathologically altered in colorectal cancer (CRC), their simultaneous expression within the same cohort of patients was not previously measured. Methods ERα/ERβ/PGR/AR proteins were measured in archived paired normal and malignant colon specimens (n =120 patients) by immunohistochemistry, and results were analyzed by gender, age (≤50 vs. ≥60 years), clinical stages (early-stage I/II vs. late-stage III/IV), and anatomical location (right; RSCs vs. left; LSCs). Effects of 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone alone or combined with the specific blockers of ERα (MPP dihydrochloride), ERβ (PHTPP), PGR (mifepristone), and AR (bicalutamide) on cell cycle and apoptosis were also measured in the SW480 male and HT29 female CRC cell lines. Results ERα and AR proteins increased, whilst ERβ and PGR declined markedly in malignant specimens. Moreover, male neoplastic tissues showed highest AR expression, whilst ERβ and PGR weakest alongside ERα strongest expression was seen in cancerous tissues from women aged ≥60 years. Late-stage neoplasms also revealed maximal alterations in the expression of sex steroid receptors. By tumor location, LSCs disclosed significant elevations in ERα with marked declines in PGR compared with RSCs, and ERα strongest alongside PGR weakest expression was detected in advanced LSCs from women aged ≥60 years. Late-stage LSCs from females aged ≥60 years also showed weakest ERβ and strongest AR expression. In contrast, male RSC and LSC tissues exhibited equal ERβ and AR expression in all clinical stages. ERα and AR proteins also correlated positively, whereas ERβ and PGR inversely, with tumor characteristics. Concomitantly, E2 and P4 monotherapies triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the SW480 and HT29 cells, and while pre-treatment with ERα-blocker enhanced the effects of E2, ERβ-blocker and PGR-blocker suppressed the E2 and P4 anti-cancer actions, respectively. In contrast, treatment with the AR-blocker induced apoptosis, whilst co-treatment with testosterone hindered the effects. Conclusions This study advocates that protein expression of sex steroid receptors in malignant tissues could represent prognostic markers, as well as hormonal therapy could provide an alternative strategy against CRC, and their efficacies could be dependent on gender, clinical stage, and tumor location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Bassem Refaat, ;
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Almalki
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Regional Laboratory and Central Blood Bank, Ministry of Health, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mofareh Y. Alkhaldi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory And Blood Bank Department, Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Asiri
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine Department, Health Affairs General Directorate in Assir, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A. Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Alamri
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona I. AlHussain
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badee A. Baltow
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour H. Alqasmi
- Clinical Laboratories, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda T. Basfar
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratories, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud M. Alosaimi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratories, Eradah and Mental Health Complex, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Muhayya
- Laboratory And Blood Bank Department, Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Alwafi H, Naser AY, Aldhahir AM, Alhazmi A, Alosaimi AN, Mandili RA, Majeed Z, Salawati E, Ekram R, Samannodi M, Assaggaf H, Almatrafi M, Alqahtani JS, Alsanosi SM, Minshawi F. COVID-19 vaccination side effects among the child age group: a large cross-sectional online based survey in Saudi Arabia. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:911. [PMID: 36474174 PMCID: PMC9724422 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple vaccines have been tested in clinical trials for their efficacy and safety. In Saudi Arabia, Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna were approved for children, however, previous studies to report their safety profile are limited. This research aims to understand the side effect of children's vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This was an observational retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey in Saudi Arabia from March to May 2022. The inclusion criteria were parents aged 18 years and above who live in Saudi Arabia and have vaccinated their children. The self-reported questionnaire was adopted from published studies to investigate the study objectives Descriptive statistics were used to describe patients' demographic characteristics, continuous data were reported as mean ± S.D., categorical data were reported as percentages (frequencies), and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms. RESULTS This study had a total of 4,069 participants. Only 41.9% of the participants reported that their child(ren) had been infected with the coronavirus. 2.00 was the median number of children (IQR: 1.00-4.00). More than half of the study participants (64.2%) reported that a family member had been infected with the coronavirus. Both parents received COVID-19 vaccination, according to most participants (88.7%). Most participants (70.5%) stated that all children who met the vaccination criteria had received the vaccine. Most participants (83.5%) said their child or children had two doses of their vaccine, and about half (50.4%) of those who received the vaccine reported experiencing side effects. In addition, the majority (78.9%) reported that the side effects appeared within one day of receiving the vaccine, and nearly two-thirds (65.7%) reported that the side effects lasted between one and three. A total of 11,831 side effects cases were documented. Pain at the injection site, hyperthermia, and fatigue were the most reported side effects, accounting for 15.3%, 14.1%, and 13.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION It appears that the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine for children are minor, tolerable, and like those described previously in clinical trials. Our data should encourage the public about the safety of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alwafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia ,grid.413517.50000 0004 1796 5802Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- grid.460941.e0000 0004 0367 5513Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alhazmi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areen Naif Alosaimi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Abdulaziz Mandili
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaid Majeed
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Ekram
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almatrafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammām, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa Mohammed Alsanosi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Almatrafi MA, Kabli AF, Subahi Y, Yaseen E, Alsahaf N, Alidrisi D, Ahmed HA, Masmali HM, Alahmad O, Khan MN, Minshawi F. A Rare Case of a Child Diagnosed With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19 Presenting With Renal Infarctions and Transient Blast Cells: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30832. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Badr OI, Elrefaey WA, Shabrawishi M, Assaggaf HM, Minshawi F. Diagnostic accuracy of different bronchoscopic specimens in sputum Xpert MBT/RIF- negative pulmonary TB patients. Multidiscip Respir Med 2022; 17:872. [PMID: 36405489 PMCID: PMC9667574 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2022.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) control remains a critical public health problem worldwide. Rapid diagnosis and proper treatment are beneficial for the effective control of tuberculosis transmission. Diagnostic challenges arise when a patient has a clinical and radiological suspicion of tuberculosis but cannot produce sputum, sputum acid-fast bacilli, or Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (Xpert MTB/RIF) is negative, resulting in suboptimal management. As a result, more invasive techniques must be used on these patients to establish the diagnosis. Methods A retrospective study recruited 330 suspected pulmonary TB patients with negative sputum of Xpert MBT/RIF who underwent bronchoscopy between March 2018 and December 2021. The diagnostic yields of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (acid-fast bacilli, Xpert MTB/RIF, and culture) and histopathologic examination (HPE) were calculated and compared to the final diagnosis and culture as a gold standard. Results Out of 330 suspected pulmonary TB patients, 181 had a final diagnosis of TB, and 149 had non-TB. The sensitivity of BALF (culture, Xpert, acid-fast bacilli) and trans-bronchial lung biopsy (HPE) was 80.7%, 72.9%, 21.1%, and 87.1%, respectively. Multiple nodules were associated with significantly higher BALF Xpert MTB, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture, and trans-bronchial lung biopsy (HPE) positivity. Conclusions Bronchoscopic specimens are essential for accurate and rapid diagnosis of sputum Xpert MBT/RIF negative patients with high clinical and radiological suspicion of tuberculosis.
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Samannodi M, Alwafi H, Naser AY, Al Qurashi AA, Qedair JT, Salawati E, Almatrafi MA, Ekram R, Bukhari RI, Dahlawi M, Hafiz B, Mandora R, Alsindi RK, Tayeb S, Minshawi F. Determinants of Post-COVID-19 Conditions among SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030055. [PMID: 36135212 PMCID: PMC9497712 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Large numbers of people infected with COVID-19 developed acute symptoms. Post-COVID-19 conditions have been reported after recovery or discharge from the hospital. However, little is known about the prevalence and possible risk factors of post-COVID-19 conditions in the Saudi community. Here, we describe the incidence of post-COVID-19 conditions among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, nationwide study using an online survey in Saudi Arabia from 1 September 2021 to 28 February 2022. The survey was distributed using social media platforms, such as Twitter, WhatsApp, and Facebook. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the questionnaire adapted from published studies. Result: The study enrolled 7520 individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Most patients in our study were symptomatic and their acute symptoms may persist for more than six days. On the other hand, long-term complications may develop and continue for an extended period (post-COVID-19 conditions). Most of these complications are respiratory, neurological, psychological, or skin related. The proportion of long-term complications reported in this study is 36% among SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. In addition, being female, old age, number of chronic complications, long-term medication, length of stay in hospital and intensive care unit, and duration of acute symptoms may be significant predictors of post-COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusion: In conclusion, the incidence of post-COVID-19 conditions among the Saudi population was high, which urges further investigation into the risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca 24241, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Abdullah A. Al Qurashi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah T. Qedair
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rakan Ekram
- School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf I. Bukhari
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Dahlawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Hafiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Mandora
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranin K. Alsindi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Tayeb
- Department of Medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5555-328-75
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11
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Minshawi F, Samannodi M, Alwafi H, Assaggaf HM, Almatrafi MA, Salawati E, Alsafi R, Alharbi RA, Alduais RF, Alrehaili M, Tariq S, Alghamdi R, Almatrfi S. The Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Influenza Immunization in Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1841-1849. [PMID: 36065346 PMCID: PMC9440749 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s379150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza vaccination is the primary control measure for severe complications caused by influenza viruses. Moreover, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, Saudi Arabia recommends vaccinating people at risk against influenza to minimise co-infection risk with SARS-CoV2. Therefore, this study aims to assess the Saudi population’s knowledge, attitude, and practice toward influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on seasonal influenza vaccination. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey in Saudi Arabia between July to August 2021. Participants were invited to complete the questionnaire through a survey link sent to social media platforms. Results A total of 2410 participants were included in this study. Our data demonstrate a lack of practice, attitude, and knowledge, especially on the influenza virus’s symptoms, viral transmission, and vaccine efficacy. Moreover, this study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted seasonal influenza vaccination in the Saudi population by 1.5-times compared to the previous years. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic has increased the hesitancy of Saudi participants in influenza vaccination due to the lack of knowledge. As the pandemic of COVID-19 is fading, awareness campaigns are needed to encourage the public about the importance of receiving the influenza vaccine, especially for those at high risk each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Mohammed Samannodi, Email
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza M Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Emad Salawati
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radi Alsafi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba A Alharbi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad F Alduais
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muruj Alrehaili
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Tariq
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alghamdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shumok Almatrfi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Alidrisi D, Maksood L, Alqahtani W, Minshawi F, Aburziza A, Janem WF, Almatrafi MA. A child with bronchiectasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and hypothyroidism secondary to STAT1 gain‐of‐function mutation: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05791. [PMID: 35498362 PMCID: PMC9040560 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT 1 GOF mutations are a rare cause of childhood primary immunodeficiency. Recurrent mucocutaneous candidiasis, chest infections, and autoimmune disease are all classic phenotype presentations. Rapid identification and diagnosis of this debilitating disease using whole exon sequencing may improve outcomes and minimize long‐term sequelae. STAT 1 gain‐of‐function mutation is a rare cause of immunodeficiency in children. A high index of clinical suspicion is crucial for early diagnosis and to minimize long‐term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhuha Alidrisi
- Department of Pediatrics Security Forces Hospital Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Maksood
- Medical College of Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed Alqahtani
- Medical College of Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed F. Janem
- Department of Pediatrics Security Forces Hospital Makkah Saudi Arabia
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13
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Assaggaf H, Yoo C, Lucchini RG, Black SM, Hamed M, Minshawi F, Felty Q. Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19084705. [PMID: 35457576 PMCID: PMC9029704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that were banned because of their potential carcinogenicity. Population studies have shown that PCBs are associated with lung toxicity and hypertension. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether higher exposure to PCB congeners is associated with the risk of pulmonary hypertension. Serum levels of PCBs in 284 subjects with combined risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) were compared to 4210 subjects with no risk for PAH using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2004. The major findings from this study include significantly higher PCB levels in PAH subjects compared to non-PAH subjects; for example, the geometric mean (GM) of PCB74 was 15.91 (ng/g) (14.45–17.53) vs. 11.48 (ng/g) (10.84–12.16), respectively. Serum levels of PCB congeners showed an increasing trend in the age group 20–59 years as PCB180 GM was 19.45 (ng/g) in PAH vs. 12.75 (ng/g) in the control. A higher body burden of PCB153 followed by PCB138, PCB180, and PCB118 was observed. Estimated age, race, BMI, and gender-adjusted ORs for PCB congener levels in subjects with the combined risk factors for PAH compared to controls was significant; for example, PCB99 (OR: 1.5 (CI: 1.49–1.50). In summary, these findings indicate that exposure, as well as body burden estimated based on lipid adjustment of PCBs, were higher in people with risk factors for PAH, and PCB congeners accumulated with age. These findings should be interpreted with caution because of the use of cross-sectional self-reported data and a small sample size of subjects with combined risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nonetheless, our finding emphasizes a need for a comprehensive environmental molecular epidemiologic study to determine the potential role of environmental exposures to PCBs in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Changwon Yoo
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Steven M. Black
- FIU-Center for Translational Science, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA;
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Quentin Felty
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Alsafi RT, Minshawi F, Alshareef A, Althobiany E, Alqurashi A, Zawawi A, Qasem A, Halawani AJ, Almatrafi M, Alwafi H, Samannodi M, Salawati E, Assaggaf HM. Haematological, Biochemical, and Inflammatory Biomarkers of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Critical Unit: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e23691. [PMID: 35510030 PMCID: PMC9060743 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) responsible for a catastrophic global pandemic. The complexity of COVID-19 is centred on the unpredictable course of the disease, which can rapidly develop from patients being asymptomatic to having life-threatening symptoms. The unpredictable disease severity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been a major problem facing the healthcare system during the pandemic. Identifying the laboratory biomarkers would help predict SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. This study focused on the previous literature regarding three laboratory biomarker profiles: haematological, inflammatory, and biochemical biomarkers. Methods: A retrospective study of COVID-19 patients was conducted between May 2020 and September 2020 to determine the predictors of hospitalization (severity) in COVID-19 patients. Patients were divided into two groups: those admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU, severe) and those admitted to a non-ICU (stable). Patients' data were obtained from their medical records at Al Noor Specialist Hospital and East Arafat Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 487 patients with COVID-19, including 304 males and 183 females, were investigated in this study. A total of 217 patients were admitted to the ICU. Patients admitted to the ICU had a higher prevalence of chronic comorbidities than non-ICU patients. D-dimer, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were more elevated in patients admitted to the ICU compared to non-ICU patients. Conclusion: Chronic comorbidities are a significant predictor for admission to the ICU. Moreover, tests for D-dimer, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, CRP, LDH, and ALT could be used to predict patients' admission to the ICU.
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Idris S, Refaat B, Almaimani RA, Ahmed HG, Ahmad J, Alhadrami M, El-Readi MZ, Elzubier ME, Alaufi HAA, Al-Amin B, Alghamdi AA, Bahwerth F, Minshawi F, Kabrah SM, Aslam A. Enhanced in vitro tumoricidal effects of 5-Fluorouracil, thymoquinone, and active vitamin D 3 triple therapy against colon cancer cells by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Life Sci 2022; 296:120442. [PMID: 35245520 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study measured the effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), calcitriol (VD3), and/or thymoquinone (TQ) single/dual/triple therapies on cell cycle progression, apoptosis, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and oxidative stress against colorectal cancer (CRC). MAIN METHODS The HT29, SW480 and SW620 cell lines were treated with 5-FU (50 μM), VD3 (25 μM), and TQ (75 μM), alone or combined for 12 h, prior to cell cycle/apoptosis analyses. KEY FINDINGS TQ monotherapy had greater anticancer effects to active VD3 or 5-FU, revealing higher expression of p21/p27/PTEN/BAX/Cyto-C/Casp-3 and increased levels of total glutathione, with inhibitions in CCND1/CCND3/BCL-2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecules, alongside higher rates of apoptosis in HT29, SW480 and SW620 cells (P < 0.005 for all markers). Additionally, all combination protocols revealed enhanced modulations of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway, higher expression of p21/p27/PTEN/BAX/Cyto-C/Casp-3, and better anti-oxidant effects, than the monotherapies. Although TQ/5-FU and TQ/VD3 co-therapies were better relative to the VD3/5-FU regimen, the best tumoricidal effects were observed with triple therapy in the HT29 and SW480 cell lines, possibly by boosted attenuations of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR oncogenic pathway. In contrast, TQ single treatment was more effective than the triple therapy regimen in metastatic SW620 cells, suggesting that this protocol would be more useful therapeutically in late-stage CRC. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrated enhanced anti-tumorigenic effects for VD3, TQ, and 5-FU triple therapy against CRC cells and could represent the best strategy for treating early stages of malignancy, whereas TQ monotherapy could be a better approach for treating metastatic forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Idris
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain G Ahmed
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A A Alaufi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Anatomic Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdul Aziz Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriah Al-Amin
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Bahwerth
- Laboratory and Blood Bank Department, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Kabrah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Almatrafi MA, Sindi L, Alshehri M, Sendi E, Sindi G, Alzahrani G, Alwan J, Salawati E, Alwafi H, Minshawi F, Mosalli R, Samannodi M. Parental Knowledge and Awareness of Childhood Urinary Tract Infections: A Cross Sectional Survey. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:2423-2430. [PMID: 36072916 PMCID: PMC9444035 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s361313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent's misconceptions or lack of knowledge about childhood urinary tract infections (UTIs) can negatively impact their children's health. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the childhood urinary tract infections awareness and understanding among parents in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS An online validated cross-sectional survey of parents in Saudi Arabia was conducted from August to September 2021. Study participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a convenience sampling technique. A questionnaire with two domains was used to assess parental awareness of childhood urinary tract infection symptoms, complications, treatment, prevention, epidemiology, and diagnosis. The total childhood urinary tract infections awareness scores were classified into three categories: low awareness, moderate awareness, and high awareness. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the data distribution. A chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between parental awareness about urinary tract infections in children and other variables. Statistical significance was established at 0.05. RESULTS Of the 1688 parents who completed the survey, 1289 (76.4%) were female, 1581 (93.7%) were married, and 1161 (68.8) had a university degree. Parent's total awareness scores were high; however, individual domain scores indicate a moderate level of knowledge. Statistically significant relationship were observed between total awareness and gender, occupation, and level of educational level ((P=0.004, P=0.001, P=0.007, respectively). Another statistically significant relationship was noted between the history of urinary tract infections and awareness of disease prevention (P=0.009). CONCLUSION In Saudi Arabia, parental knowledge about childhood urinary tract infections is moderate to high. However, future studies are needed to investigate gender, educational, and occupational variations in childhood UTI knowledge among parents in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lama Sindi
- Medical College of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Alshehri
- Medical College of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa Sendi
- Medical College of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghufran Sindi
- Medical College of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Joud Alwan
- Medical College of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafat Mosalli
- Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Mohammed Samannodi, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966548293937, Fax +966125502188, Email
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17
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Samannodi M, Bulkhi A, Alwafi H, Bukhari R, Salawati E, Hafiz B, Minshawi F, Dahlawi M, Kamfar S, Halawani H, Naser AY, Mandora R, Alshekh Ali M, Almatrafi MA. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Education: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Adv Med Educ Pract 2022; 13:741-754. [PMID: 35903321 PMCID: PMC9314450 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s369213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has made a tremendous impact on medical education and healthcare institutions, we aimed to measure effects of online classes on medical students' comprehension in comparison with attending campus classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional survey has been conducted between September 2020 and June 2021 in the western region of Saudi Arabia. The Convenience sampling technique was conducted to collect the data from medical students in their basic and clinical years, using a questionnaire that involved 45 multiple-choice and multiple-answer questions. RESULTS Out of 3700 questionnaires, 922 completed the questionnaires from 11 different medical schools. Umm AL-Qura University had the highest response rate with 232 responses (25.2%), followed by King Abdulaziz University with 186 responses (20.2%). The majority of institutions preferred Blackboard and Zoom as platforms for e-learning. A total of 355 (38.5%) believed that it resulted in higher academic achievement, whereas 555 (60.2%) of students believed the limitation of clinical access was one of the biggest disadvantages of e-learning. Overall, 518 (56.2%) of students did not want to continue using e-learning on its own in the future. Whereas 668 (72.5%) wished to keep using e-learning in combination with traditional learning. CONCLUSION According to our findings, advantages of e-learning vary among students. Most of the students thought e-learning to be an interactive system that provides a learning opportunity. In contrast, many of the students believed that there were many disadvantages regarding online teaching methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeeb Bulkhi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Hassan Alwafi, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 24381, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966555544319, Email
| | - Rahaf Bukhari
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Hafiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Dahlawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Kamfar
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Halawani
- Computer Science Department, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Roaa Mandora
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Samannodi M, Minshawi F, Hasbun R. Disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal transplantation recipient: Peripheral blood smear was the key. Med Mycol Case Rep 2021; 33:30-31. [PMID: 34408965 PMCID: PMC8361280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated histoplasmosis is common in immunocompromised patients such as patients with AIDS, hematologic malignancies, transplant recipients, and those on prolonged corticosteroid use. We report the case of a 53-year-old man with a history of end-stage renal disease due to uncontrolled hypertension who underwent renal transplantation in 2013. He presented to the hospital with a 5-day history of dyspnea, and blood tests showed pancytopenia. The diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was made rapidly by peripheral blood smear. We encourage clinicians to check peripheral blood smear if disseminated histoplasmosis is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm AlQura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Zawawi A, Naser AY, Alwafi H, Minshawi F. Profile of Circulatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Human Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666223. [PMID: 34046036 PMCID: PMC8147689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 share similar characteristics. For instance, the genetic homology of SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV is 80% and 50%, respectively, which may cause similar clinical features. Moreover, uncontrolled release of proinflammatory mediators (also called a cytokine storm) by activated immune cells in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 patients leads to severe phenotype development. AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the inflammatory cytokine profile associated with three strains of severe human coronavirus diseases (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2). METHOD The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published until July 2020. Randomized and observational studies reporting the inflammatory cytokines associated with severe and non-severe human coronavirus diseases, including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval to estimate the pooled mean of inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS A high level of circulating IL-6 could be associated with the severity of infection of the three coronavirus strains. TNF, IL-10, and IL-8 are associated with the severity of COVID-19. Increased circulating levels of CXCL10/IP10 and CCL2/MCP-1 might also be related to the severity of MERS. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the immune response and immunopathology in the three severe human coronavirus strains are somewhat similar. The findings highlight that nearly all studies reporting severe cases of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 have been associated with elevated levels of IL-6. This could be used as a potential therapeutic target to improve patients' outcomes in severe cases. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration 94 number: CRD42020209931.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Salawati E, Alwafi H, Samannodi M, Minshawi F, Gari A, Abualnaja S, Almatrafi MA. Parents' Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children Against Seasonal Influenza After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Survey. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:2821-2835. [PMID: 34938071 PMCID: PMC8687681 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s342135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on caregivers' willingness to vaccinate their children against influenza in 2021 in Saudi Arabia and the factors influencing this decision. PATIENTS AND METHODS An online survey of 2501 caregivers in Saudi Arabia with children aged 6 months-18 years was conducted between July 15, 2021, and August 2, 2021. A convenience sample of participants that met the inclusion criteria was used as the study sample. Social Science Package Statistical (SPSS) was used for the statistical analysis. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. The Chi-square test was used for categorical variables to assess the difference between the variables and the parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against seasonal influenza after the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Of the 2501 respondents to the survey, 1185 (47.3%) parents plan to give their children the influenza vaccine next year, which is an increase from 745 (29.8%) in the previous year. The following were the main reasons for not giving children the vaccine: children were less likely to get seasonal flu (617, 24.7%), fear of side effects (491, 19.6%), and fear of needles and syringes (484, 19.4%). Among the parents, 1222 (48.9%) were more likely to receive the seasonal flu vaccine themselves the following year, and 1361 (54.4%), which is more than half, were concerned about their children contracting seasonal influenza. CONCLUSION Parents' decision-making to vaccinate their children against seasonal influenza has been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous factors including a caregiver who had received the seasonal influenza vaccine themselves, who had vaccinated or planned to vaccinate their children during the previous or current seasonal influenza season, and/or who had a higher education level were associated with increased willingness to receive the flu vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Salawati
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Emad Salawati Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi ArabiaTel +966560058585Fax +966126400855 Email
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Gari
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Abualnaja
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Minshawi F, Lanvermann S, McKenzie E, Jeffery R, Couper K, Papoutsopoulou S, Roers A, Muller W. The Generation of an Engineered Interleukin-10 Protein With Improved Stability and Biological Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1794. [PMID: 32849644 PMCID: PMC7431522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in modulating inflammation. IL-10 has inhibitory effects on proinflammatory cytokine production and function in vitro and in vivo; as such, IL-10 is viewed as a potential treatment for various inflammatory diseases. However, a significant drawback of using IL-10 in clinical application is the fact that the biologically active form of IL-10 is an unstable homodimer, which has a short half-life and is easily degraded in vivo. Consequently, IL-10 therapy using recombinant native IL-10 has had only limited success in the treatment of human disease. To improve the therapeutic potential of IL-10, we have generated a novel form of IL-10, which consists of two IL-10 monomer subunits linked in a head to tail fashion by a flexible linker. We show that the linker length per se did not affect the expression and biological activity of the stable IL-10 molecule, which was more active than natural IL-10, both in vitro and in vivo. We confirmed that the new form of IL-10 had a much-improved temperature- and pH-dependent biological stability compared to natural IL-10. The IL-10 dimer protein binds to the IL-10 receptor similarly to the natural IL-10 protein, as shown by antibody blocking and through the genetic modifications of one monomer in the IL-10 dimer specifically at the IL-10 receptor binding site. Finally, we showed that stable IL-10 is more effective at suppressing LPS-induced-inflammation in vivo compared to the natural IL-10. In conclusion, we have developed a new stable dimer version of the IL-10 protein with improved stability and efficacy to suppress inflammation. We propose that this novel stable IL-10 dimer could serve as the basis for the development of targeted anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Lanvermann
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edward McKenzie
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Jeffery
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Couper
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Werner Muller
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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22
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Minshawi F, White MRH, Muller W, Humphreys N, Jackson D, Campbell BJ, Adamson A, Papoutsopoulou S. Human TNF-Luc reporter mouse: A new model to quantify inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:193. [PMID: 30655563 PMCID: PMC6336827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a key cytokine during inflammatory responses and its dysregulation is detrimental in many inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we used a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) construct that expresses luciferase under the control of the human TNF locus to generate a novel transgenic mouse, the hTNF.LucBAC strain. In vitro stimulation of hTNF.LucBAC cells of different origin revealed a cell specific response to stimuli demonstrating the integrated construct's ability as a proxy for inflammatory gene response. Lipopolysaccharide was the most potent luciferase inducer in macrophages, while TNF was a strong activator in intestinal organoids. Lipopolysaccharide-induced luciferase activity in macrophages was downregulated by inhibitors of NF-κB pathway, as well as by Interleukin-10, a known anti-inflammatory cytokine. Moreover, the transgene-dependent luciferase activity showed a positive correlation to the endogenous murine soluble TNF secreted to the culture medium. In conclusion, the hTNF.LucBAC strain is a valuable tool for studying and screening molecules that target TNF synthesis and will allow further functional studies of the regulatory elements of the TNF locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Minshawi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mike R H White
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Muller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Humphreys
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Jackson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Barry J Campbell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Adamson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
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