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Guimaraes EL, Dias DO, Hau WF, Julien A, Holl D, Garcia-Collado M, Savant S, Vågesjö E, Phillipson M, Jakobsson L, Göritz C. Corpora cavernosa fibroblasts mediate penile erection. Science 2024; 383:eade8064. [PMID: 38330107 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade8064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Penile erection is mediated by the corpora cavernosa, a trabecular-like vascular bed that enlarges upon vasodilation, but its regulation is not completely understood. Here, we show that perivascular fibroblasts in the corpora cavernosa support vasodilation by reducing norepinephrine availability. The effect on penile blood flow depends on the number of fibroblasts, which is regulated by erectile activity. Erection dynamically alters the positional arrangement of fibroblasts, temporarily down-regulating Notch signaling. Inhibition of Notch increases fibroblast numbers and consequently raises penile blood flow. Continuous Notch activation lowers fibroblast numbers and reduces penile blood perfusion. Recurrent erections stimulate fibroblast proliferation and limit vasoconstriction, whereas aging reduces the number of fibroblasts and lowers penile blood flow. Our findings reveal adaptive, erectile activity-dependent modulation of penile blood flow by fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Oliveira Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wing Fung Hau
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anais Julien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Holl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Garcia-Collado
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soniya Savant
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelina Vågesjö
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Jakobsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Göritz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abeken J, de Zelicourt D, Kurtcuoglu V. Incorporating Unresolved Stresses in Blood Damage Modeling: Energy Dissipation More Accurate Than Reynolds Stress Formulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:563-573. [PMID: 37643096 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3309338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models are often used as the basis for modeling blood damage in turbulent flows. To predict blood damage by turbulence stresses that are not resolved in RANS, a stress formulation that represents the corresponding scales is required. Here, we compare two commonly employed stress formulations: a scalar stress representation that uses Reynolds stresses as a surrogate for unresolved fluid stresses, and an effective stress formulation based on energy dissipation. METHODS We conducted unsteady RANS simulations of the CentriMag blood pump with three different closure models and a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for reference. We implemented both stress representations in all models and compared the resulting total stress distributions in Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks. RESULTS The Reynolds-stress-based approach overestimated the contribution of unresolved stresses in RANS, with differences between closure models of up to several orders of magnitude. With the dissipation-based approach, the total stresses predicted with RANS deviated by about 50% from the LES reference, which was more accurate than only considering resolved stresses. CONCLUSION The Reynolds-stress-based formulation proved unreliable for estimating scalar stresses in our RANS simulations, while the dissipation-based approach provided an accuracy improvement over simply neglecting unresolved stresses. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that dissipation-based inclusion of unresolved stresses should be the preferred choice for blood damage modeling in RANS.
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Abstract
The heart is widely acknowledged as the unique driver of blood circulation. Recently, we discovered a flow-driving mechanism that can operate without imposed pressure, using infrared (IR) energy to propel flow. We considered the possibility that, by exploiting this mechanism, blood vessels, themselves, could propel flow. We verified the existence of this driving mechanism by using a three-day-old chick-embryo model. When the heart was stopped, blood continued to flow for approximately 50 minutes, albeit at a lower velocity. When IR was introduced, the postmortem flow increased from ~41.1 ± 25.6 μm/s to ~153.0 ± 59.5 μm/s (n = 6). When IR energy was diminished under otherwise physiological conditions, blood failed to flow. Hence, this IR-dependent, vessel-based flow-driving mechanism may indeed operate in the circulatory system, complementing the action of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gerald H. Pollack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Kim HJ, Rundfeldt HC, Lee I, Lee S. Tissue-growth-based synthetic tree generation and perfusion simulation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:1095-1112. [PMID: 36869925 PMCID: PMC10167159 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Biological tissues receive oxygen and nutrients from blood vessels by developing an indispensable supply and demand relationship with the blood vessels. We implemented a synthetic tree generation algorithm by considering the interactions between the tissues and blood vessels. We first segment major arteries using medical image data and synthetic trees are generated originating from these segmented arteries. They grow into extensive networks of small vessels to fill the supplied tissues and satisfy the metabolic demand of them. Further, the algorithm is optimized to be executed in parallel without affecting the generated tree volumes. The generated vascular trees are used to simulate blood perfusion in the tissues by performing multiscale blood flow simulations. One-dimensional blood flow equations were used to solve for blood flow and pressure in the generated vascular trees and Darcy flow equations were solved for blood perfusion in the tissues using a porous model assumption. Both equations are coupled at terminal segments explicitly. The proposed methods were applied to idealized models with different tree resolutions and metabolic demands for validation. The methods demonstrated that realistic synthetic trees were generated with significantly less computational expense compared to that of a constrained constructive optimization method. The methods were then applied to cerebrovascular arteries supplying a human brain and coronary arteries supplying the left and right ventricles to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed methods. The proposed methods can be utilized to quantify tissue perfusion and predict areas prone to ischemia in patient-specific geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hans Christian Rundfeldt
- Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Mechanical Engineering, Kalsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Inpyo Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Yang G, Zhou SY, Wang J, Hu J, Pan JH. [Integrated strategy for biomarkers of stable coronary heart disease with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome based on RNA-seq and network pharmacology]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:1908-1915. [PMID: 37282967 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221114.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the biological foundation and biomarkers of stable coronary heart disease(CHD) with phlegm and blood stasis(PBS) syndrome based on RNA-seq and network pharmacology. Peripheral blood nucleated cells from five CHD patients with PBS syndrome, five CHD patients with non-PBS syndrome, and five healthy adults were collected for RNA-seq. The specific targets of CHD with PBS syndrome were determined by differential gene expression analysis and Venn diagram analysis. The active ingredients of Danlou Tablets were screened out from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, and the "component-target" prediction was completed through PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction. The "drug-ingredient-target-signaling pathway" network of Danlou Tablets against CHD with PBS syndrome was optimized by Cytoscape software. After the target biomarkers were identified, 90 participants were enrolled for diagnostic tests, and 30 CHD patients with PBS syndrome were included in before-and-after experiment to determine the therapeutic effect of Danlou Tablets on those targets. As revealed by RNA-seq and Venn diagram analysis, 200 specific genes were identified for CHD with PBS syndrome. A total of 1 118 potential therapeutic targets of Danlou Tablets were predicted through network pharmacology. Through integrated analysis of the two gene sets, 13 key targets of Danlou Tablets in the treatment of CHD with PBS syndrome were screened out, including CSF1, AKR1C2, PDGFRB, ARG1, CNR2, ALOX15B, ALDH1A1, CTSL, PLA2G7, LAP3, AKR1C3, IGFBP3, and CA1. They were presumably the biomarkers of CHD with PBS syndrome. The ELISA test further showed that CSF1 was significantly up-regulated in the peripheral blood of CHD patients with PBS syndrome, and was significantly down-regulated after Danlou Tablets intervention. CSF1 may be a biomarker for CHD with PBS syndrome, and it is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. The diagnostic cut-off of CSF1 for CHD with PBS syndrome was 286 pg·mL~(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100053, China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ju-Hua Pan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100053, China
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6
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Heumüller AW, Jones AN, Mourão A, Klangwart M, Shi C, Wittig I, Fischer A, Muhly-Reinholz M, Buchmann GK, Dieterich C, Potente M, Braun T, Grote P, Jaé N, Sattler M, Dimmeler S. Locus-Conserved Circular RNA cZNF292 Controls Endothelial Cell Flow Responses. Circ Res 2022; 130:67-79. [PMID: 34789007 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are generated by back splicing of mostly mRNAs and are gaining increasing attention as a novel class of regulatory RNAs that control various cellular functions. However, their physiological roles and functional conservation in vivo are rarely addressed, given the inherent challenges of their genetic inactivation. Here, we aimed to identify locus conserved circRNAs in mice and humans, which can be genetically deleted due to retained intronic elements not contained in the mRNA host gene to eventually address functional conservation. METHODS AND RESULTS Combining published endothelial RNA-sequencing data sets with circRNAs of the circATLAS databank, we identified locus-conserved circRNA retaining intronic elements between mice and humans. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genetic depletion of the top expressed circRNA cZfp292 resulted in an altered endothelial morphology and aberrant flow alignment in the aorta in vivo. Consistently, depletion of cZNF292 in endothelial cells in vitro abolished laminar flow-induced alterations in cell orientation, paxillin localization and focal adhesion organization. Mechanistically, we identified the protein SDOS (syndesmos) to specifically interact with cZNF292 in endothelial cells by RNA-affinity purification and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. Silencing of SDOS or its protein binding partner Syndecan-4, or mutation of the SDOS-cZNF292 binding site, prevented laminar flow-induced cytoskeletal reorganization thereby recapitulating cZfp292 knockout phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data reveal a hitherto unknown role of cZNF292/cZfp292 in endothelial flow responses, which influences endothelial shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Heumüller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (A.W.H., M.K., A.F., M.M.R., P.G., N.J., S.D.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Faculty for Biological Sciences (A.W.H.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alisha N Jones
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (A.N.J., A.M., M.S.)
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (A.N.J., A.M., M.S.)
| | - André Mourão
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (A.N.J., A.M., M.S.)
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (A.N.J., A.M., M.S.)
| | - Marius Klangwart
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (A.W.H., M.K., A.F., M.M.R., P.G., N.J., S.D.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Chenyue Shi
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.S., M.P., T.B.)
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (I.W.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt, Germany (I.W., M.P., T.B., S.D.)
| | - Ariane Fischer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (A.W.H., M.K., A.F., M.M.R., P.G., N.J., S.D.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marion Muhly-Reinholz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (A.W.H., M.K., A.F., M.M.R., P.G., N.J., S.D.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Giulia K Buchmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (G.K.B.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (A.W.H., M.K., A.F., M.M.R., P.G., N.J., S.D.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.D.)
| | - Michael Potente
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.S., M.P., T.B.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.P.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (M.P.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt, Germany (I.W., M.P., T.B., S.D.)
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany (M.P., T.B., S.D.)
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.S., M.P., T.B.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt, Germany (I.W., M.P., T.B., S.D.)
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany (M.P., T.B., S.D.)
| | - Phillip Grote
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (A.W.H., M.K., A.F., M.M.R., P.G., N.J., S.D.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Jaé
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (A.W.H., M.K., A.F., M.M.R., P.G., N.J., S.D.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (A.N.J., A.M., M.S.)
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (A.N.J., A.M., M.S.)
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (A.W.H., M.K., A.F., M.M.R., P.G., N.J., S.D.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.S., M.P., T.B.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt, Germany (I.W., M.P., T.B., S.D.)
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany (M.P., T.B., S.D.)
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7
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Moreira AC, Silva T, Mesquita G, Gomes AC, Bento CM, Neves JV, Rodrigues DF, Rodrigues PN, Almeida AA, Santambrogio P, Gomes MS. H-Ferritin Produced by Myeloid Cells Is Released to the Circulation and Plays a Major Role in Liver Iron Distribution during Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010269. [PMID: 35008695 PMCID: PMC8745395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During infections, the host redistributes iron in order to starve pathogens from this nutrient. Several proteins are involved in iron absorption, transport, and storage. Ferritin is the most important iron storage protein. It is composed of variable proportions of two peptides, the L- and H-ferritins (FTL and FTH). We previously showed that macrophages increase their expression of FTH1 when they are infected in vitro with Mycobacterium avium, without a significant increase in FTL. In this work, we investigated the role of macrophage FTH1 in M. avium infection in vivo. We found that mice deficient in FTH1 in myeloid cells are more resistant to M. avium infection, presenting lower bacterial loads and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines than wild-type littermates, due to the lower levels of available iron in the tissues. Importantly, we also found that FTH1 produced by myeloid cells in response to infection may be found in circulation and that it plays a key role in iron redistribution. Specifically, in the absence of FTH1 in myeloid cells, increased expression of ferroportin is observed in liver granulomas and increased iron accumulation occurs in hepatocytes. These results highlight the importance of FTH1 expression in myeloid cells for iron redistribution during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Moreira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (T.S.); (A.C.G.); (C.M.B.); (J.V.N.); (D.F.R.); (P.N.R.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (T.S.); (A.C.G.); (C.M.B.); (J.V.N.); (D.F.R.); (P.N.R.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Mesquita
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Cordeiro Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (T.S.); (A.C.G.); (C.M.B.); (J.V.N.); (D.F.R.); (P.N.R.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Clara M. Bento
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (T.S.); (A.C.G.); (C.M.B.); (J.V.N.); (D.F.R.); (P.N.R.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - João V. Neves
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (T.S.); (A.C.G.); (C.M.B.); (J.V.N.); (D.F.R.); (P.N.R.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela F. Rodrigues
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (T.S.); (A.C.G.); (C.M.B.); (J.V.N.); (D.F.R.); (P.N.R.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pedro N. Rodrigues
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (T.S.); (A.C.G.); (C.M.B.); (J.V.N.); (D.F.R.); (P.N.R.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho A. Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Paolo Santambrogio
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (T.S.); (A.C.G.); (C.M.B.); (J.V.N.); (D.F.R.); (P.N.R.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The present review summarizes the data concerning the influence of serotonin (5-HT) receptors on body temperature in warm-blooded animals and on processes associated with its maintenance. This review includes the most important part of investigations from the first studies to the latest ones. The established results on the pharmacological activation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT2 receptor types are discussed. Such activation of the first 3 type of receptors causes a decrease in body temperature, whereas the 5-HT2 activation causes its increase. Physiological mechanisms leading to changes in body temperature as a result of 5-HT receptors' activation are discussed. In case of 5-HT1A receptor, they include an inhibition of shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, as well simultaneous increase of peripheral blood flow, i.e., the processes of heat production and heat loss. The physiological processes mediated by 5-HT2 receptor are opposite to those of the 5-HT1A receptor. Mechanisms of 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptor participation in these processes are yet to be studied in more detail. Some facts indicating that in natural conditions, without pharmacological impact, these 5-HT receptors are important links in the system of temperature homeostasis, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina P. Voronova
- Department of Thermophysiology, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
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9
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Vedel C, Rode L, Bundgaard H, Iversen K, Jørgensen FS, Petersen OB, Sillesen AS, Sundberg K, Vejlstrup N, Zingenberg H, Tabor A, Ekelund CK. Prenatal cardiac biometry and flow assessment in fetuses with bicuspid aortic valve at 20 weeks' gestation: multicenter cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 58:846-852. [PMID: 33998082 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate prenatal changes in cardiac biometric and flow parameters in fetuses with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) diagnosed neonatally compared with controls with normal cardiac anatomy. METHODS This analysis was conducted as part of the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study, a multicenter cohort study of 25 556 neonates that underwent second-trimester anomaly scan at 18 + 0 to 22 + 6 weeks' gestation and neonatal echocardiography within 4 weeks after birth, in Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Hvidovre Hospital and Rigshospitalet in greater Copenhagen, between April 2016 and October 2018. From February 2017 (Rigshospitalet) and September 2017 (Herlev and Hvidovre hospitals), the protocol for second-trimester screening of the heart was extended to include evaluation of the four-chamber view, with assessment of flow across the atrioventricular valves, sagittal view of the aortic arch and midumbilical artery and ductus venosus pulsatility indices. All images were evaluated by two investigators, and cardiac biometric and flow parameters were measured and compared between cases with BAV and controls. All cases with neonatal BAV were assessed by a specialist. Maternal characteristics and first- and second-trimester biomarkers were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS Fifty-five infants with BAV and 8316 controls with normal cardiac anatomy were identified during the study period and assessed using the extended prenatal cardiac imaging protocol. There were three times as many mothers who smoked before pregnancy in the group with BAV as in the control group (9.1% vs 2.7%; P = 0.003). All other baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Fetuses with BAV, compared with controls, had a significantly larger diameter of the aorta at the level of the aortic valve (3.1 mm vs 3.0 mm (mean difference, 0.12 mm (95% CI, 0.03-0.21 mm))) and the pulmonary artery at the level of the pulmonary valve (4.1 mm vs 3.9 mm (mean difference, 0.15 mm (95% CI, 0.03-0.28 mm))). Following conversion of the diameter measurements of the aorta and pulmonary artery to Z-scores and Bonferroni correction, the differences between the two groups were no longer statistically significant. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) multiples of the median (MoM) was significantly lower in the BAV group than in the control group (0.85 vs 1.03; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that fetuses with BAV may have a larger aortic diameter at the level of the aortic valve, measured in the left-ventricular-outflow-tract view, and a larger pulmonary artery diameter at the level of the pulmonary valve, measured in the three-vessel view, at 20 weeks' gestation. Moreover, we found an association of maternal smoking and low PAPP-A MoM with BAV. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vedel
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Rode
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - H Bundgaard
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Iversen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - F S Jørgensen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - O B Petersen
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A-S Sillesen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - K Sundberg
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Vejlstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Zingenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A Tabor
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C K Ekelund
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Zhu W, Sahar NE, Javaid HMA, Pak ES, Liang G, Wang Y, Ha H, Huh JY. Exercise-Induced Irisin Decreases Inflammation and Improves NAFLD by Competitive Binding with MD2. Cells 2021; 10:3306. [PMID: 34943814 PMCID: PMC8699279 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global clinical problem. The MD2-TLR4 pathway exacerbates NAFLD progression by promoting inflammation. Long-term exercise is considered to improve NAFLD but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we examined the protective effect and molecular mechanism of exercise on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver injury. In an HFD-induced NAFLD mouse model, exercise training significantly decreased hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Interestingly, exercise training blocked the binding of MD2-TLR4 and decreased the downstream inflammatory response. Irisin is a myokine that is highly expressed in response to exercise and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. We found that circulating irisin levels and muscle irisin expression were significantly increased in exercised mice, suggesting that irisin could mediate the effect of exercise on NAFLD. In vitro studies showed that irisin improved lipid metabolism, fibrosis, and inflammation in palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated AML12 cells. Moreover, binding assay results showed that irisin disturbed MD2-TLR4 complex formation by directly binding with MD2 but not TLR4, and interfered with the recognition of stimuli such as PA and lipopolysaccharide with MD2. Our study provides novel evidence that exercise-induced irisin inhibits inflammation via competitive binding with MD2 to improve NAFLD. Thus, irisin could be considered a potential therapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.Z.); (N.E.S.); (H.M.A.J.)
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Namood E Sahar
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.Z.); (N.E.S.); (H.M.A.J.)
| | | | - Eun Seon Pak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.S.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.S.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.Z.); (N.E.S.); (H.M.A.J.)
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11
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Chen J, Diamond SL. Sensitivity analysis of a reduced model of thrombosis under flow: Roles of Factor IX, Factor XI, and γ'-Fibrin. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260366. [PMID: 34813608 PMCID: PMC8610249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly reduced extrinsic pathway coagulation model (8 ODEs) under flow considered a thin 15-micron platelet layer where transport limitations were largely negligible (except for fibrinogen) and where cofactors (FVIIa, FV, FVIII) were not rate-limiting. By including thrombin feedback activation of FXI and the antithrombin-I activities of fibrin, the model accurately simulated measured fibrin formation and thrombin fluxes. Using this reduced model, we conducted 10,000 Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for ±50% variation of 5 plasma zymogens and 2 fibrin binding sites for thrombin. A sensitivity analysis of zymogen concentrations indicated that FIX activity most influenced thrombin generation, a result expected from hemophilia A and B. Averaging all MC simulations confirmed both the mean and standard deviation of measured fibrin generation on 1 tissue factor (TF) molecule per μm2. Across all simulations, free thrombin in the layer ranged from 20 to 300 nM (mean: 50 nM). The top 2% of simulations that produced maximal fibrin were dominated by conditions with low antithrombin-I activity (decreased weak and strong sites) and high FIX concentration. In contrast, the bottom 2% of simulations that produced minimal fibrin were dominated by low FIX and FX. The percent reduction of fibrin by an ideal FXIa inhibitor (FXI = 0) ranged from 71% fibrin reduction in the top 2% of MC simulations to only 34% fibrin reduction in the bottom 2% of MC simulations. Thus, the antithrombotic potency of FXIa inhibitors may vary depending on normal ranges of zymogen concentrations. This reduced model allowed efficient multivariable sensitivity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Scott L. Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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12
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McDuff D, Liu X, Hernandez J, Wood E, Baltrusaitis T. Synthetic Data for Multi-Parameter Camera-Based Physiological Sensing. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:3742-3748. [PMID: 34892050 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic data is a powerful tool in training data hungry deep learning algorithms. However, to date, camera-based physiological sensing has not taken full advantage of these techniques. In this work, we leverage a high-fidelity synthetics pipeline for generating videos of faces with faithful blood flow and breathing patterns. We present systematic experiments showing how physiologically-grounded synthetic data can be used in training camera-based multi-parameter cardiopulmonary sensing. We provide empirical evidence that heart and breathing rate measurement accuracy increases with the number of synthetic avatars in the training set. Furthermore, training with avatars with darker skin types leads to better overall performance than training with avatars with lighter skin types. Finally, we discuss the opportunities that synthetics present in the domain of camera-based physiological sensing and limitations that need to be overcome.
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13
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Nederveen JP, Manta K, Bujak AL, Simone AC, Fuda MR, Nilsson MI, Hettinga BP, Hughes MC, Perry CGR, Tarnopolsky MA. A Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Activates a Browning Program in White Adipose Tissue and Mitigates Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3726. [PMID: 34835983 PMCID: PMC8623014 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a novel multi-ingredient supplement comprised of polyphenol antioxidants and compounds known to facilitate mitochondrial function and metabolic enhancement (ME) in a mouse model of obesity. In this study, 6-week-old male C57/BL6J mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD; ~60% fat) for 6 weeks, with subsequent allocation into experimentalgroups for 4 weeks: HFD control, HFD + ME10 (10 components), HFD + ME7 (7 components), HFD + ME10 + EX, HFD + EX (where '+EX' animals exercised 3 days/week), and chow-fed control. After the intervention, HFD control animals had significantly greater body weight and fat mass. Despite the continuation of HFD, animals supplemented with multi-ingredient ME or who performed exercise training showed an attenuation of fat mass and preservation of lean body mass, which was further enhanced when combined (ME+EX). ME supplementation stimulated the upregulation of white and brown adipose tissue mRNA transcripts associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, browning, fatty acid transport, and fat metabolism. In WAT depots, this was mirrored by mitochodrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) protein expression, and increased in vivo fat oxidation measured via CLAMS. ME supplementation also decreased systemic and local inflammation markers. Herein, we demonstrated that novel multi-ingredient nutritional supplements induced significant fat loss independent of physical activity while preserving muscle mass in obese mice. Mechanistically, these MEs appear to act by inducing a browning program in white adipose tissue and decreasing other pathophysiological impairments associated with obesity, including mitochondrial respiration alterations induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Katherine Manta
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Adam L. Bujak
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Alexander C. Simone
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Matthew R. Fuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Mats I. Nilsson
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Bart P. Hettinga
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Meghan C. Hughes
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.C.H.); (C.G.R.P.)
| | - Christopher G. R. Perry
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.C.H.); (C.G.R.P.)
| | - Mark A. Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
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14
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Mehmood OU, Bibi S, Jamil DF, Uddin S, Roslan R, Akhir MKM. Concentric ballooned catheterization to the fractional non-newtonian hybrid nano blood flow through a stenosed aneurysmal artery with heat transfer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20379. [PMID: 34650140 PMCID: PMC8516868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work analyzes the effects of concentric ballooned catheterization and heat transfer on the hybrid nano blood flow through diseased arterial segment having both stenosis and aneurysm along its boundary. A fractional second-grade fluid model is considered which describes the non-Newtonian characteristics of the blood. Governing equations are linearized under mild stenosis and mild aneurysm assumptions. Precise articulations for various important flow characteristics such as heat transfer, hemodynamic velocity, wall shear stress, and resistance impedance are attained. Graphical portrayals for the impact of the significant parameters on the flow attributes have been devised. The streamlines of blood flow have been examined as well. The present finding is useful for drug conveyance system and biomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ullah Mehmood
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt., 47040, Pakistan.
| | - Sehrish Bibi
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt., 47040, Pakistan
| | - Dzuliana F Jamil
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Campus, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Salah Uddin
- Department of Physical and Numerical Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Rozaini Roslan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Campus, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- ANNA Systems LLC, Moscow Region, Dubna, 9 Maya Street, Building 7B, Building 2 Office 10.141707, Moscow, Dolgoprudnenskoe Highway, 3, Fiztekhpark, Moscow, 141980, Russia
| | - Mohd Kamalrulzaman Md Akhir
- Institute of Engineering Mathematics, Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- ANNA Systems LLC, Moscow Region, Dubna, 9 Maya Street, Building 7B, Building 2 Office 10.141707, Moscow, Dolgoprudnenskoe Highway, 3, Fiztekhpark, Moscow, 141980, Russia
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15
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Tang C, Wang L, Sheng Y, Zheng Z, Xie Z, Wu F, You T, Ren L, Xia L, Ruan C, Zhu L. CLEC-2-dependent platelet subendothelial accumulation by flow disturbance contributes to atherogenesis in mice. Theranostics 2021; 11:9791-9804. [PMID: 34815786 PMCID: PMC8581433 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Platelets play an essential role in atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be addressed. This study is to investigate the role of platelets in d-flow induced vascular inflammation and the underlying mechanism. Methods: We established a disturbed blood flow (d-flow) model by partial carotid ligation (PCL) surgery using atherosclerosis-susceptible mice and wild-type mice to observe the d-flow induced platelet accumulation in the subendothelium or in the plaque by immunostaining or transmission electron microscopy. The mechanism of platelet subendothelial accumulation was further explored by specific gene knockout mice. Results: We observed presence of platelets in atherosclerotic plaques either in the atheroprone area of aortic arch or in carotid artery with d-flow using Ldlr-/- or ApoE-/- mice on high fat diet. Immunostaining showed the subendothelial accumulation of circulating platelets by d-flow in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the accumulation of platelets associated with monocytes in the subendothelial spaces. The subendothelial accumulation of platelet-monocyte/macrophage aggregates reached peak values at 2 days after PCL. In examining the molecules that may mediate the platelet entry, we found that deletion of platelet C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) reduced the subendothelial accumulation of platelets and monocytes/macrophages by d-flow, and ameliorated plaque formation in Ldlr-/- mice on high fat diet. Supportively, CLEC-2 deficient platelets diminished their promoting effect on the migration of mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Moreover, monocyte podoplanin (PDPN), the only ligand of CLEC-2, was upregulated by d-flow, and the myeloid-specific PDPN deletion mitigated the subendothelial accumulation of platelets and monocytes/macrophages. Conclusions: Our results reveal a new CLEC-2-dependent platelet subendothelial accumulation in response to d-flow to regulate vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Lab for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulan Sheng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhanli Xie
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao You
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Lab for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Werth K, Hub E, Gutjahr JC, Bosjnak B, Zheng X, Bubke A, Russo S, Rot A, Förster R. Expression of ACKR4 demarcates the "peri-marginal sinus," a specialized vascular compartment of the splenic red pulp. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109346. [PMID: 34260918 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen comprises defined microanatomical compartments that uniquely contribute to its diverse host defense functions. Here, we identify a vascular compartment within the red pulp of the spleen delineated by expression of the atypical chemokine receptor 4 (ACKR4) in endothelial cells. ACKR4-positive vessels form a three-dimensional sinusoidal network that connects via shunts to the marginal sinus and tightly surrounds the outer perimeter of the marginal zone. Endothelial cells lining this vascular compartment express ACKR4 as part of a distinct gene expression profile. We show that T cells enter the spleen largely through this peri-marginal sinus and initially localize extravascularly around these vessels. In the absence of ACKR4, homing of T cells into the spleen and subsequent migration into T cell areas is impaired, and organization of the marginal zone is severely affected. Our data delineate the splenic peri-marginal sinus as a compartment that supports spleen homing of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Werth
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Elin Hub
- Centre for Microvascular Research, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Julia Christine Gutjahr
- Centre for Microvascular Research, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Berislav Bosjnak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Russo
- Centre for Microvascular Research, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Antal Rot
- Centre for Microvascular Research, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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17
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Zimmer V. In vivo endoscopic blood flow visualization by magnified blue laser imaging. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101577. [PMID: 33636656 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zimmer
- Department of Medicine, Marienhausklinik St. Josef Kohlhof, Neunkirchen, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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18
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Ali A, Bukhari Z, Umar M, Ismail MA, Abbas Z. Cu and Cu-SWCNT Nanoparticles' Suspension in Pulsatile Casson Fluid Flow via Darcy-Forchheimer Porous Channel with Compliant Walls: A Prospective Model for Blood Flow in Stenosed Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126494. [PMID: 34204328 PMCID: PMC8234443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of experimental relations to approximate the efficient thermophysical properties of a nanofluid (NF) with Cu nanoparticles (NPs) and hybrid nanofluid (HNF) with Cu-SWCNT NPs and subsequently model the two-dimensional pulsatile Casson fluid flow under the impact of the magnetic field and thermal radiation is a novelty of the current study. Heat and mass transfer analysis of the pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian Casson HNF via a Darcy–Forchheimer porous channel with compliant walls is presented. Such a problem offers a prospective model to study the blood flow via stenosed arteries. A finite-difference flow solver is used to numerically solve the system obtained using the vorticity stream function formulation on the time-dependent governing equations. The behavior of Cu-based NF and Cu-SWCNT-based HNF on the wall shear stress (WSS), velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are analyzed graphically. The influence of the Casson parameter, radiation parameter, Hartmann number, Darcy number, Soret number, Reynolds number, Strouhal number, and Peclet number on the flow profiles are analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of the flow parameters on the non-dimensional numbers such as the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number is also discussed. These quantities escalate as the Reynolds number is enhanced and reduce by escalating the porosity parameter. The Peclet number shows a high impact on the microorganism’s density in a blood NF. The HNF has been shown to have superior thermal properties to the traditional one. These results could help in devising hydraulic treatments for blood flow in highly stenosed arteries, biomechanical system design, and industrial plants in which flow pulsation is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (Z.B.); (M.U.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zainab Bukhari
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (Z.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (Z.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Ismail
- Department of Computer and Information System Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Zaheer Abbas
- Department of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
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19
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Vaiyani D, Matsuo K, Kanaan U, Patel B, Akintoye O, Travers CD, Kelleman M, Sachdeva R, Petit CJ. Total vascular resistance increases during volume-unloading in asymptomatic single ventricle patients. Am Heart J 2021; 236:69-79. [PMID: 33640333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the surgical stages of single ventricle (SV) palliation serve to separate pulmonary venous and systemic venous return, and to volume-unload the SV, staged palliation also results in transition from parallel to series circulation, increasing total vascular resistance. How this transition affects pressure loading of the SV is as yet unreported. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of Stage I, II, and III cardiac catheterization (CC) and echocardiographic data from 2001-2017 in all SV pts, with focus on systemic, pulmonary, and total vascular resistance (SVR, PVR, TVR respectively). Longitudinal analyses were performed with log-transformed variables. Effects of SVR-lowering medications were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum testing. RESULTS There were 372 total patients who underwent CC at a Stage I (median age of 4.4 months, n=310), Stage II (median age 2.7 years, n = 244), and Stage III (median age 7.3 years, n = 113). Total volume loading decreases with progression to Stage III (P< 0.001). While PVR gradually increases from Stage II to Stage III, and SVR increases from Stage I to Stage III, TVR dramatically increases with progress towards series circulation. TVR was not affected by use of systemic vasodilator therapy. TVR, PVR, SVR, and CI did not correlate with indices of SV function at Stage III. CONCLUSIONS TVR steadily increases with an increasing contribution from SVR over progressive stages. TVR was not affected by systemic vasodilator agents. TVR did not correlate with echo-based indices of SV function. Further studies are needed to see if modulating TVR can improve exercise tolerance and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Vaiyani
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA; Division of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
| | | | - Usama Kanaan
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA; Division of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Ololade Akintoye
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA; Division of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Ritu Sachdeva
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA; Division of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher J Petit
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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20
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Zawawi A, Naser AY, Alwafi H, Minshawi F. Profile of Circulatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Human Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666223. [PMID: 34046036 PMCID: PMC8147689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 share similar characteristics. For instance, the genetic homology of SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV is 80% and 50%, respectively, which may cause similar clinical features. Moreover, uncontrolled release of proinflammatory mediators (also called a cytokine storm) by activated immune cells in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 patients leads to severe phenotype development. AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the inflammatory cytokine profile associated with three strains of severe human coronavirus diseases (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2). METHOD The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published until July 2020. Randomized and observational studies reporting the inflammatory cytokines associated with severe and non-severe human coronavirus diseases, including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval to estimate the pooled mean of inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS A high level of circulating IL-6 could be associated with the severity of infection of the three coronavirus strains. TNF, IL-10, and IL-8 are associated with the severity of COVID-19. Increased circulating levels of CXCL10/IP10 and CCL2/MCP-1 might also be related to the severity of MERS. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the immune response and immunopathology in the three severe human coronavirus strains are somewhat similar. The findings highlight that nearly all studies reporting severe cases of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 have been associated with elevated levels of IL-6. This could be used as a potential therapeutic target to improve patients' outcomes in severe cases. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration 94 number: CRD42020209931.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Zirka G, Robert P, Tilburg J, Tishkova V, Maracle CX, Legendre P, van Vlijmen BJM, Alessi MC, Lenting PJ, Morange PE, Thomas GM. Impaired adhesion of neutrophils expressing Slc44a2/HNA-3b to VWF protects against NETosis under venous shear rates. Blood 2021; 137:2256-2266. [PMID: 33556175 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies linked expression of the human neutrophil antigen 3b (HNA-3b) epitope on the Slc44a2 protein with a 30% decreased risk of venous thrombosis (VT) in humans. Slc44a2 is a ubiquitous transmembrane protein identified as a receptor for von Willebrand factor (VWF). To explain the link between Slc44a2 and VT, we wanted to determine how Slc44a2 expressing either HNA-3a or HNA-3b on neutrophils could modulate their adhesion and activation on VWF under flow. Transfected HEK293T cells or neutrophils homozygous for the HNA-3a- or HNA-3b-coding allele were purified from healthy donors and perfused in flow chambers coated with VWF at venous shear rates (100 s-1). HNA-3a expression was required for Slc44a2-mediated neutrophil adhesion to VWF at 100 s-1. This adhesion could occur independently of β2 integrin and was enhanced when neutrophils were preactivated with lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, specific shear conditions with high neutrophil concentration could act as a "second hit," inducing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Neutrophil mobilization was also measured by intravital microscopy in venules from SLC44A2-knockout and wild-type mice after histamine-induced endothelial degranulation. Mice lacking Slc44a2 showed a massive reduction in neutrophil recruitment in inflamed mesenteric venules. Our results show that Slc44a2/HNA-3a is important for the adhesion and activation of neutrophils in veins under inflammation and when submitted to specific shears. The fact that neutrophils expressing Slc44a2/HNA-3b have a different response on VWF in the conditions tested could thus explain the association between HNA-3b and a reduced risk for VT in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Zirka
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Robert
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM, Adhesion and Inflammation Laboratory, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Tilburg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Tishkova
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Marseille, France
| | - Chrissta X Maracle
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paulette Legendre
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR-S) 1176, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin- Bicêtre, France; and
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP-HM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Peter J Lenting
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR-S) 1176, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin- Bicêtre, France; and
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP-HM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Grace M Thomas
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Marseille, France
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Jones AM, Vanhatalo A, Seals DR, Rossman MJ, Piknova B, Jonvik KL. Dietary Nitrate and Nitric Oxide Metabolism: Mouth, Circulation, Skeletal Muscle, and Exercise Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:280-294. [PMID: 32735111 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays an important role in myriad physiological processes, including the regulation of vascular tone, neurotransmission, mitochondrial respiration, and skeletal muscle contractile function. NO may be produced via the canonical NO synthase-catalyzed oxidation of l-arginine and also by the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrite and then NO. The body's nitrate stores can be augmented by the ingestion of nitrate-rich foods (primarily green leafy vegetables). NO bioavailability is greatly enhanced by the activity of bacteria residing in the mouth, which reduce nitrate to nitrite, thereby increasing the concentration of circulating nitrite, which can be reduced further to NO in regions of low oxygen availability. Recent investigations have focused on promoting this nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway to positively affect indices of cardiovascular health and exercise tolerance. It has been reported that dietary nitrate supplementation with beetroot juice lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients, and sodium nitrite supplementation improves vascular endothelial function and reduces the stiffening of large elastic arteries in older humans. Nitrate supplementation has also been shown to enhance skeletal muscle function and to improve exercise performance in some circumstances. Recently, it has been established that nitrate concentration in skeletal muscle is much higher than that in blood and that muscle nitrate stores are exquisitely sensitive to dietary nitrate supplementation and deprivation. In this review, we consider the possibility that nitrate represents an essential storage form of NO and discuss the integrated function of the oral microbiome, circulation, and skeletal muscle in nitrate-nitrite-NO metabolism, as well as the practical relevance for health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Jones
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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23
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Hartman YAW, Tillmans LCM, Benschop DL, Hermans ANL, Nijssen KMR, Eijsvogels TMH, Willems PHGM, Tack CJ, Hopman MTE, Claassen JAHR, Thijssen DHJ. Long-Term and Acute Benefits of Reduced Sitting on Vascular Flow and Function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:341-350. [PMID: 32826636 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sedentary behavior increases the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. To understand potential benefits and underlying mechanisms, we examined the acute and long-term effect of reduced sitting intervention on vascular and cerebrovascular function. METHODS This prospective study included 24 individuals with increased cardiovascular risk (65 ± 5 yr, 29.8 ± 3.9 kg·m-2). Before and after 16-wk reduced sitting, using a mobile health device with vibrotactile feedback, we examined (i) vascular function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]), (ii) cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv, transcranial Doppler), and (iii) cerebrovascular function (cerebral autoregulation [CA] and cerebral vasomotor reactivity [CVMR]). To better understand potential underlying mechanisms, before and after intervention, we evaluated the effects of 3 h sitting with and without light-intensity physical activity breaks (every 30 min). RESULTS The first wave of participants showed no change in sedentary time (n = 9, 10.3 ± 0.5 to 10.2 ± 0.5 h·d-1, P = 0.87). Upon intervention optimization by participants' feedback, the subsequent participants (n = 15) decreased sedentary time (10.2 ± 0.4 to 9.2 ± 0.3 h·d-1, P < 0.01). This resulted in significant increases in FMD (3.1% ± 0.3% to 3.8% ± 0.4%, P = 0.02) and CBFv (48.4 ± 2.6 to 51.4. ±2.6 cm·s-1, P = 0.02), without altering CA or CVMR. Before and after the 16-wk intervention, 3-h exposure to uninterrupted sitting decreased FMD and CBFv, whereas physical activity breaks prevented a decrease (both P < 0.05). CA and CVMR did not change (P > 0.20). CONCLUSION Long-term reduction in sedentary behavior improves peripheral vascular function and cerebral blood flow and acutely prevents impaired vascular function and decreased cerebral blood flow. These results highlight the potential benefits of reducing sedentary behavior to acutely and chronically improve cardio- or cerebrovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A W Hartman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Laura C M Tillmans
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - David L Benschop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Astrid N L Hermans
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Kevin M R Nijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
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24
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Benito-Martínez E, Senovilla-Herguedas D, de la Torre-Montero JC, Martínez-Beltrán MJ, Reguera-García MM, Alonso-Cortés B. Local and Contralateral Effects after the Application of Neuromuscular Electrostimulation in Lower Limbs. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17239028. [PMID: 33287409 PMCID: PMC7730668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) has been used mainly as a method to promote muscle strength, but its effects on improving blood flow are less well known. The aim of this study is to deepen the knowledge about the local and contralateral effects of the application of symmetric biphasic square currents on skin temperature (Tsk). An experimental pilot study was developed with a single study group consisting of 45 healthy subjects. Thermographic evaluations were recorded following the application of NMES to the anterior region of the thigh. The results showed an increase in the maximal Tsk of 0.67% in the anterior region of the thigh where the NMES was applied (p < 0.001) and an increase of 0.54% (p < 0.01) due to cross-education effects, which was higher when the NMES was applied on the dominant side (0.79%; p < 0.01). The duration of the effect was 20 min in the dominant leg and 10 min in the nondominant one. The application of a symmetrical biphasic current (8 Hz and 400 μs) creates an increase in the maximal Tsk at the local level. A temperature cross-education effect is produced, which is greater when the NMES is applied on the dominant side. This could be a useful noninvasive measurement tool in NMES treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Benito-Martínez
- San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, 28350 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-M.); (D.S.-H.); (J.C.d.l.T.-M.); (M.J.M.-B.)
| | - Diego Senovilla-Herguedas
- San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, 28350 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-M.); (D.S.-H.); (J.C.d.l.T.-M.); (M.J.M.-B.)
| | - Julio César de la Torre-Montero
- San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, 28350 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-M.); (D.S.-H.); (J.C.d.l.T.-M.); (M.J.M.-B.)
| | - María Jesús Martínez-Beltrán
- San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, 28350 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-M.); (D.S.-H.); (J.C.d.l.T.-M.); (M.J.M.-B.)
| | - María Mercedes Reguera-García
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Alonso-Cortés
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Ponferrada, University of León, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Plužarić V, Štefanić M, Mihalj M, Tolušić Levak M, Muršić I, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Petrek M, Balogh P, Tokić S. Differential Skewing of Circulating MR1-Restricted and γδ T Cells in Human Psoriasis Vulgaris. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572924. [PMID: 33343564 PMCID: PMC7744298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory dermatosis mediated by aberrantly activated immune cells. The role of the innate-like T cells, particularly gammadelta T (γδT) cells and MR1-restricted T lymphocytes, is incompletely explored, mainly through animal models, or by use of surrogate lineage markers, respectively. Here, we used case-control settings, multiparameter flow cytometry, 5-OP-RU-loaded MR1-tetramers, Luminex technology and targeted qRT-PCR to dissect the cellular and transcriptional landscape of γδ and MR1-restricted blood T cells in untreated PV cases (n=21, 22 matched controls). High interpersonal differences in cell composition were observed, fueling transcriptional variability at healthy baseline. A minor subset of canonical CD4+CD8+MR1-tet+TCRVα7.2+ and CD4+CD8-MR1-tet+TCRVα7.2+ T cells was the most significantly underrepresented community in male PV individuals, whereas Vδ2+ γδ T cells expressing high levels of TCR and Vδ1-δ2- γδ T cells expressing intermediate levels of TCR were selectively enriched in affected males, partly reflecting disease severity. Our findings highlight a formerly unappreciated skewing of human circulating MAIT and γδ cytomes during PV, and reveal their compositional changes in relation to sex, CMV exposure, serum cytokine content, BMI, and inflammatory burden. Complementing numerical alterations, we finally show that flow-sorted, MAIT and γδ populations exhibit divergent transcriptional changes in mild type I psoriasis, consisting of differential bulk expression for signatures of cytotoxicity/type-1 immunity (EOMES, RUNX3, IL18R), type-3 immunity (RORC, CCR6), and T cell innateness (ZBTB16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Plužarić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Štefanić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Tolušić Levak
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Muršić
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martin Petrek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Peter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Stana Tokić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Zhu XH, Du JX, Zhu D, Ren SZ, Chen K, Zhu HL. Recent Research on Methods to Improve Tumor Hypoxia Environment. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:5721258. [PMID: 33343807 PMCID: PMC7725563 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5721258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major disease burden worldwide. In recent years, in addition to surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are recognized as the most effective methods for treating solid tumors. These methods have been introduced to treat tumors of different origins and stages clinically. However, due to insufficient blood flow and oxygen (O2) supply in solid tumors, hypoxia is caused, leading to decreased sensitivity of tumor cells and poor therapeutic effects. In addition, hypoxia will also lead to resistance to most anticancer drugs, accelerate malignant progress, and increase metastasis. In solid tumors, adequate O2 supply and adequate delivery of anticancer drugs are essential to improve radiotherapy and chemotherapy sensitivity. In recent decades, the researches on relieving tumor hypoxia have attracted researchers' extensive attention and achieved good results. However, as far as we know, there is no detailed review of the researches on alleviating tumor hypoxia. Therefore, in this contribution, we hope to give an overview of the researches on methods to improve tumor hypoxia environment and summarize their effect and application in tumor therapy, to provide a methodological reference for the research and development of new antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhu
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun-Xi Du
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shen-Zhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Kun Chen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Danion J, Thuillier R, Allain G, Bruneval P, Tomasi J, Pinsard M, Hauet T, Kerforne T. Evaluation of Liver Quality after Circulatory Death Versus Brain Death: A Comparative Preclinical Pig Model Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239040. [PMID: 33261172 PMCID: PMC7730280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current organ shortage in hepatic transplantation leads to increased use of marginal livers. New organ sources are needed, and deceased after circulatory death (DCD) donors present an interesting possibility. However, many unknown remains on these donors and their pathophysiology regarding ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Our hypothesis was that DCD combined with abdominal normothermic regional recirculation (ANOR) is not inferior to deceased after brain death (DBD) donors. We performed a mechanistic comparison between livers from DBD and DCD donors in a highly reproducible pig model, closely mimicking donor conditions encountered in the clinic. DCD donors were conditioned by ANOR. We determined that from the start of storage, pro-lesion pathways such as oxidative stress and cell death were induced in both donor types, but to a higher extent in DBD organs. Furthermore, pro-survival pathways, such as resistance to hypoxia and regeneration showed activation levels closer to healthy livers in DCD-ANOR rather than in DBD organs. These data highlight critical differences between DBD and DCD-ANOR livers, with an apparent superiority of DCD in terms of quality. This confirms our hypothesis and further confirms previously demonstrated benefits of ANOR. This encourages the expended use of DCD organs, particularly with ANOR preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Danion
- Inserm U1082, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (J.D.); (R.T.); (G.A.); (T.K.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Chirurgie Générale et Endocrinienne, F-86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Raphael Thuillier
- Inserm U1082, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (J.D.); (R.T.); (G.A.); (T.K.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
- CHU Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, F-86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Géraldine Allain
- Inserm U1082, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (J.D.); (R.T.); (G.A.); (T.K.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
- CHU Poitiers, Service de Chirurgie Cardiothoracique et Vasculaire, F-86021 Poitiers, France;
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service D’anatomie Pathologique, F-75015 Paris, France;
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Descartes, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Tomasi
- CHU Poitiers, Service de Chirurgie Cardiothoracique et Vasculaire, F-86021 Poitiers, France;
| | - Michel Pinsard
- CHU Poitiers, Service de Réanimation Chirurgie Cardio-Thoracique et Vasculaire, Coordination des P.M.O., F-86021 Poitiers, France;
| | - Thierry Hauet
- Inserm U1082, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (J.D.); (R.T.); (G.A.); (T.K.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
- CHU Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, F-86021 Poitiers, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, F-86000 Poitiers, France
- IBiSA Plateforme ‘Plate-Forme MOdélisation Préclinique—Innovation Chirurgicale et Technologique (MOPICT)’, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, F-17700 Surgères, France
- Pr. Thierry HAUET, INSERM U1082, CHU de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Miletrie, CEDEX BP 577, 86021 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-49-44-48-29; Fax: +33-5-49-44-38-34
| | - Thomas Kerforne
- Inserm U1082, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (J.D.); (R.T.); (G.A.); (T.K.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
- CHU Poitiers, Service de Réanimation Chirurgie Cardio-Thoracique et Vasculaire, Coordination des P.M.O., F-86021 Poitiers, France;
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Bernardes JP, Mishra N, Tran F, Bahmer T, Best L, Blase JI, Bordoni D, Franzenburg J, Geisen U, Josephs-Spaulding J, Köhler P, Künstner A, Rosati E, Aschenbrenner AC, Bacher P, Baran N, Boysen T, Brandt B, Bruse N, Dörr J, Dräger A, Elke G, Ellinghaus D, Fischer J, Forster M, Franke A, Franzenburg S, Frey N, Friedrichs A, Fuß J, Glück A, Hamm J, Hinrichsen F, Hoeppner MP, Imm S, Junker R, Kaiser S, Kan YH, Knoll R, Lange C, Laue G, Lier C, Lindner M, Marinos G, Markewitz R, Nattermann J, Noth R, Pickkers P, Rabe KF, Renz A, Röcken C, Rupp J, Schaffarzyk A, Scheffold A, Schulte-Schrepping J, Schunk D, Skowasch D, Ulas T, Wandinger KP, Wittig M, Zimmermann J, Busch H, Hoyer BF, Kaleta C, Heyckendorf J, Kox M, Rybniker J, Schreiber S, Schultze JL, Rosenstiel P. Longitudinal Multi-omics Analyses Identify Responses of Megakaryocytes, Erythroid Cells, and Plasmablasts as Hallmarks of Severe COVID-19. Immunity 2020; 53:1296-1314.e9. [PMID: 33296687 PMCID: PMC7689306 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Temporal resolution of cellular features associated with a severe COVID-19 disease trajectory is needed for understanding skewed immune responses and defining predictors of outcome. Here, we performed a longitudinal multi-omics study using a two-center cohort of 14 patients. We analyzed the bulk transcriptome, bulk DNA methylome, and single-cell transcriptome (>358,000 cells, including BCR profiles) of peripheral blood samples harvested from up to 5 time points. Validation was performed in two independent cohorts of COVID-19 patients. Severe COVID-19 was characterized by an increase of proliferating, metabolically hyperactive plasmablasts. Coinciding with critical illness, we also identified an expansion of interferon-activated circulating megakaryocytes and increased erythropoiesis with features of hypoxic signaling. Megakaryocyte- and erythroid-cell-derived co-expression modules were predictive of fatal disease outcome. The study demonstrates broad cellular effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond adaptive immune cells and provides an entry point toward developing biomarkers and targeted treatments of patients with COVID-19. SARS-CoV2 infection elicits dynamic changes of circulating cells in the blood Severe COVID-19 is characterized by increased metabolically active plasmablasts Elevation of IFN-activated megakaryocytes and erythroid cells in severe COVID-19 Cell-type-specific expression signatures are associated with a fatal COVID-19 outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P Bernardes
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Neha Mishra
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lena Best
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johanna I Blase
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dora Bordoni
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel and 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulf Geisen
- Section for Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonathan Josephs-Spaulding
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Köhler
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna C Aschenbrenner
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Departments of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nathan Baran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Teide Boysen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Burkhard Brandt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel and 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Niklas Bruse
- Departments of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Dörr
- Section for Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Dräger
- Department of Computer Science, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Elke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Fischer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anette Friedrichs
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janina Fuß
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Glück
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jacob Hamm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Finn Hinrichsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc P Hoeppner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Imm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Junker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel and 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sina Kaiser
- Section for Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ying H Kan
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Knoll
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), TTU-TB, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Georg Laue
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Clemens Lier
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel and 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Lindner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Georgios Marinos
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Markewitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel and 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University of Bonn, 53217 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Noth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Departments of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Centre North, German Centre for Lung Research, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Alina Renz
- Department of Computer Science, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annika Schaffarzyk
- Section for Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Domagoj Schunk
- Department for Emergency Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Section of Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, , 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel and 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Zimmermann
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bimba F Hoyer
- Section for Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Rybniker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Lu S, Hu M, Wang Z, Liu H, Kou Y, Lyu Z, Tian J. Generation and Application of the Zebrafish heg1 Mutant as a Cardiovascular Disease Model. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111542. [PMID: 33198188 PMCID: PMC7696531 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global mortality, which has caused a huge burden on the quality of human life. Therefore, experimental animal models of CVD have become essential tools for analyzing the pathogenesis, developing drug screening, and testing potential therapeutic strategies. In recent decades, zebrafish has entered the field of CVD as an important model organism. HEG1, a heart development protein with EGF like domains 1, plays important roles in the development of vertebrate cardiovascular system. Loss of HEG1 will affect the stabilization of vascular endothelial cell connection and eventually lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Here, we generated a heg1-specific knockout zebrafish line using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Zebrafish heg1 mutant demonstrated severe cardiovascular malformations, including atrial ventricular enlargement, heart rate slowing, venous thrombosis and slow blood flow, which were similar to human heart failure and thrombosis phenotype. In addition, the expression of zebrafish cardiac and vascular markers was abnormal in heg1 mutants. In order to apply zebrafish heg1 mutant in cardiovascular drug screening, four Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbs and three Chinese herbal monomers were used to treat heg1 mutant. The pericardial area, the distance between sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus (SV-BA), heart rate, red blood cells (RBCs) accumulation in posterior cardinal vein (PCV), and blood circulation in the tail vein were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effects of those drugs on DCM and thrombosis. Here, a new zebrafish model of DCM and thrombosis was established, which was verified to be suitable for drug screening of cardiovascular diseases. It provided an alternative method for traditional in vitro screening, and produced potential clinical related drugs in a rapid and cost-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Tian
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-88302339
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Ingrande J, Gabriel RA, McAuley J, Krasinska K, Chien A, Lemmens HJM. The Performance of an Artificial Neural Network Model in Predicting the Early Distribution Kinetics of Propofol in Morbidly Obese and Lean Subjects. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1500-1509. [PMID: 33079873 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of anesthesia is a phase characterized by rapid changes in both drug concentration and drug effect. Conventional mammillary compartmental models are limited in their ability to accurately describe the early drug distribution kinetics. Recirculatory models have been used to account for intravascular mixing after drug administration. However, these models themselves may be prone to misspecification. Artificial neural networks offer an advantage in that they are flexible and not limited to a specific structure and, therefore, may be superior in modeling complex nonlinear systems. They have been used successfully in the past to model steady-state or near steady-state kinetics, but never have they been used to model induction-phase kinetics using a high-resolution pharmacokinetic dataset. This study is the first to use an artificial neural network to model early- and late-phase kinetics of a drug. METHODS Twenty morbidly obese and 10 lean subjects were each administered propofol for induction of anesthesia at a rate of 100 mg/kg/h based on lean body weight and total body weight for obese and lean subjects, respectively. High-resolution plasma samples were collected during the induction phase of anesthesia, with the last sample taken at 16 hours after propofol administration for a total of 47 samples per subject. Traditional mammillary compartment models, recirculatory models, and a gated recurrent unit neural network were constructed to model the propofol pharmacokinetics. Model performance was compared. RESULTS A 4-compartment model, a recirculatory model, and a gated recurrent unit neural network were assessed. The final recirculatory model (mean prediction error: 0.348; mean square error: 23.92) and gated recurrent unit neural network that incorporated ensemble learning (mean prediction error: 0.161; mean square error: 20.83) had similar performance. Each of these models overpredicted propofol concentrations during the induction and elimination phases. Both models had superior performance compared to the 4-compartment model (mean prediction error: 0.108; mean square error: 31.61), which suffered from overprediction bias during the first 5 minutes followed by under-prediction bias after 5 minutes. CONCLUSIONS A recirculatory model and gated recurrent unit artificial neural network that incorporated ensemble learning both had similar performance and were both superior to a compartmental model in describing our high-resolution pharmacokinetic data of propofol. The potential of neural networks in pharmacokinetic modeling is encouraging but may be limited by the amount of training data available for these models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney A Gabriel
- From the Department of Anesthesiology
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Julian McAuley
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Allis Chien
- Stanford University Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stanford, California
| | - Hendrikus J M Lemmens
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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31
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Nieto-Pelegrín E, Álvarez B, Martínez de la Riva P, Toki D, Poderoso T, Revilla C, Uenishi H, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. Porcine CLEC12B is expressed on alveolar macrophages and blood dendritic cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 111:103767. [PMID: 32535044 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CLEC12B is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed on myeloid cells. In this study, we have characterized the porcine homologue of CLEC12B (poCLEC12B). To this end, we have generated constructs encoding a c-myc tagged version of the whole receptor, or its ectodomain fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1, from a cDNA clone obtained from an alveolar macrophage library, and raised monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against this molecule. Using these mAbs, poCLEC12B was found to be expressed on alveolar macrophages and, at lower levels, on blood conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and plasmacytoid DCs. No binding was detected on monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages or monocyte-derived DCs. Engagement of CLEC12B on alveolar macrophages with mAbs had no apparent effect on cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-8) induced by LPS. These results provide the basis for future investigations aimed to assess the role of poCLEC12B in different microbial infections and to evaluate its potential in vaccination strategies targeting DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Nieto-Pelegrín
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Álvarez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez de la Riva
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daisuke Toki
- Institute of Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Teresa Poderoso
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Revilla
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Angel Ezquerra
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Domínguez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Tabibian A, Ghaffari S, Vargas DA, Van Oosterwyck H, Jones EAV. Simulating flow induced migration in vascular remodelling. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007874. [PMID: 32822340 PMCID: PMC7478591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear stress induces directed endothelial cell (EC) migration in blood vessels leading to vessel diameter increase and induction of vascular maturation. Other factors, such as EC elongation and interaction between ECs and non-vascular areas are also important. Computational models have previously been used to study collective cell migration. These models can be used to predict EC migration and its effect on vascular remodelling during embryogenesis. We combined live time-lapse imaging of the remodelling vasculature of the quail embryo yolk sac with flow quantification using a combination of micro-Particle Image Velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics. We then used the flow and remodelling data to inform a model of EC migration during remodelling. To obtain the relation between shear stress and velocity in vitro for EC cells, we developed a flow chamber to assess how confluent sheets of ECs migrate in response to shear stress. Using these data as an input, we developed a multiphase, self-propelled particles (SPP) model where individual agents are driven to migrate based on the level of shear stress while maintaining appropriate spatial relationship to nearby agents. These agents elongate, interact with each other, and with avascular agents at each time-step of the model. We compared predicted vascular shape to real vascular shape after 4 hours from our time-lapse movies and performed sensitivity analysis on the various model parameters. Our model shows that shear stress has the largest effect on the remodelling process. Importantly, however, elongation played an especially important part in remodelling. This model provides a powerful tool to study the input of different biological processes on remodelling. Shear stress is known to play a leading role in endothelial cell (EC) migration and hence, vascular remodelling. Vascular remodelling is, however, more complicated than only EC migration. To achieve a better understanding of this process, we developed a computational model in which, shear stress mediated EC migration has the leading role and other factors, such as avascular regions and EC elongation, are also accounted for. We have tested this model for different vessel shapes during remodelling and could study the role that each of these factors play in remodelling. This model gives us the possibility of addition of other factors such as biochemical signals and angiogenesis which will help us in the study of vascular remodelling in both development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Tabibian
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siavash Ghaffari
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Saint Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diego A. Vargas
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Oosterwyck
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A. V. Jones
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Murali K, Nandakumaran AK, Varma HM. On the equivalence of speckle contrast-based and diffuse correlation spectroscopy methods in measuring in vivo blood flow. Opt Lett 2020; 45:3993-3996. [PMID: 32667336 DOI: 10.1364/ol.397979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We establish the equivalence between laser speckle contrast-based and diffuse correlation spectroscopy methods inin vivo imaging of blood flow using the Volterra integral equation theory. We further substantiate the need of regularized fitting while employing the multiexposure speckle contrast imaging to recover autocorrelation function.
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Sun G, Liu X, Gong J, Gao L. Artery-venous classification in fluorescein angiograms based on region growing with sequential and structural features. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 190:105340. [PMID: 32023506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fluorescein angiography (FA) is widely used in ophthalmology for examining retinal hemodynamics and vascular morphology. Artery-venous classification is an important step in FA image processing for measurement of feature parameters, such as arterio-venous passage time (AVP) and arterio-venous width ratio (AVR) that are proven useful in clinical assessment of circulation disturbance and vessel abnormalities. However, manual artery-venous classification needs expertise and is rather time consuming, and little effort has been devoted to develop automatic classification methods. In order to solve this problem, we propose a novel artery-venous classification method using region growing strategy with sequential and structural features (RGSS). METHODS The main procedures of our proposed RGSS method include: (i) registration of FA image sequence by mutual-information method; (ii) extraction of sequential features of the dye perfusion process from the registrated FA images; (iii) extraction of vessel structural features from vascular centerline map; (iv) based on the obtained features, seeds of arteries and veins within initial growing region (here optic disk) are generated and then propagated in the entire vessel network using region growing strategy. The RGSS method was tested on our own dataset and public Duke dataset, and its performance was evaluated quantitatively. RESULTS Tests show that RGSS method is able to classify arteries and veins from the complicated vessel network in FA images, with high classification accuracy of 0.91 ± 0.04 on Duke dataset and 0.92 ± 0.03 on our dataset. The employed sequential and structural features are demonstrated to be effective in classifying thin arteries and veins at vessel crossings. CONCLUSIONS Automatic artery-venous classification can be accomplished using our proposed RGSS method with high accuracy. The RGSS method not only emancipates ophthalmologists from hard work of manual marking of arteries and veins, but also helps in measuring important parameters (such as AVP and AVR) for clinical assessment of circulation disturbance and vessel abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Sun
- College of Electrical & Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410082, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot Technology in Electronic Manufacturing, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410082, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Robot Visual Perception & Control Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Electrical & Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410082, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot Technology in Electronic Manufacturing, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410082, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Robot Visual Perception & Control Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410082, China.
| | - Junhui Gong
- College of Electrical & Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410082, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Central South University, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China.
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Chen YY, Syed AM, MacMillan P, Rocheleau JV, Chan WCW. Flow Rate Affects Nanoparticle Uptake into Endothelial Cells. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1906274. [PMID: 32383233 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are commonly administered through systemic injection, which exposes them to the dynamic environment of the bloodstream. Injected nanoparticles travel within the blood and experience a wide range of flow velocities that induce varying shear rates to the blood vessels. Endothelial cells line these vessels, and have been shown to uptake nanoparticles during circulation, but it is difficult to characterize the flow-dependence of this interaction in vivo. Here, a microfluidic system is developed to control the flow rates of nanoparticles as they interact with endothelial cells. Gold nanoparticle uptake into endothelial cells is quantified at varying flow rates, and it is found that increased flow rates lead to decreased nanoparticle uptake. Endothelial cells respond to increased flow shear with decreased ability to uptake the nanoparticles. If cells are sheared the same way, nanoparticle uptake decreases as their flow velocity increases. Modifying nanoparticle surfaces with endothelial-cell-binding ligands partially restores uptake to nonflow levels, suggesting that functionalizing nanoparticles to bind to endothelial cells enables nanoparticles to resist flow effects. In the future, this microfluidic system can be used to test other nanoparticle-endothelial cell interactions under flow. The results of these studies can guide the engineering of nanoparticles for in vivo medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih Yang Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Abdullah Muhammad Syed
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Presley MacMillan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan V Rocheleau
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Liu C, Cao Y, Cheng Y, Wang D, Xu T, Su L, Zhang X, Dong H. An open source and reduce expenditure ROS generation strategy for chemodynamic/photodynamic synergistic therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1735. [PMID: 32269223 PMCID: PMC7142144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-involved cancer therapies is significantly limited by shortage of oxy-substrates, such as hypoxia in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and insufficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Here, we report a H2O2/O2 self-supplying nanoagent, (MSNs@CaO2-ICG)@LA, which consists of manganese silicate (MSN)-supported calcium peroxide (CaO2) and indocyanine green (ICG) with further surface modification of phase-change material lauric acid (LA). Under laser irradiation, ICG simultaneously generates singlet oxygen and emits heat to melt the LA. The exposed CaO2 reacts with water to produce O2 and H2O2 for hypoxia-relieved ICG-mediated PDT and H2O2-supplying MSN-based CDT, acting as an open source strategy for ROS production. Additionally, the MSNs-induced glutathione depletion protects ROS from scavenging, termed reduce expenditure. This open source and reduce expenditure strategy is effective in inhibiting tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly improves ROS generation efficiency from multi-level for ROS-involved cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yaru Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
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Abbasian M, Shams M, Valizadeh Z, Moshfegh A, Javadzadegan A, Cheng S. Effects of different non-Newtonian models on unsteady blood flow hemodynamics in patient-specific arterial models with in-vivo validation. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 186:105185. [PMID: 31739277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the implications of using different blood rheological models in the simulation of blood flow dynamics in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed using three-dimensional (3D) patient-specific models of diseased left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries with varying degrees of stenosis severity. The three-dimensional arterial models were reconstructed from 3D quantitative coronary angiography, and input flow conditions were prescribed with blood flow conditions measured in-vivo. Different blood viscosity models were used for the simulations, and they include Newtonian and also non-Newtonian models such as Bingham, Carreau, Carreau-Yasuda, Casson, modified Casson, Cross, modified Cross, simplified Cross, Herschel Bulkley, Kuang-Luo (K-L), PowellErying, modified PowellErying, Power-law, Quemada and Walburn-Schneck models. Results from this study show that the time-averaged velocity at the centre of the arteries produced in the CFD simulations that uses the Carreau, modified Casson or Quemada blood viscosity models corresponded exceptionally well with the clinical measurements regardless of stenosis severities and hence, highlights the usefulness of these models to determine the potential determinants of blood vessel wall integrity such as dynamic blood viscosity, blood velocity and wall shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Abbasian
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Shams
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ziba Valizadeh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abouzar Moshfegh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Ashkan Javadzadegan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- Department of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Voronin DV, Kozlova AA, Verkhovskii RA, Ermakov AV, Makarkin MA, Inozemtseva OA, Bratashov DN. Detection of Rare Objects by Flow Cytometry: Imaging, Cell Sorting, and Deep Learning Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2323. [PMID: 32230871 PMCID: PMC7177904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry nowadays is among the main working instruments in modern biology paving the way for clinics to provide early, quick, and reliable diagnostics of many blood-related diseases. The major problem for clinical applications is the detection of rare pathogenic objects in patient blood. These objects can be circulating tumor cells, very rare during the early stages of cancer development, various microorganisms and parasites in the blood during acute blood infections. All of these rare diagnostic objects can be detected and identified very rapidly to save a patient's life. This review outlines the main techniques of visualization of rare objects in the blood flow, methods for extraction of such objects from the blood flow for further investigations and new approaches to identify the objects automatically with the modern deep learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Voronin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National University of Oil and Gas (Gubkin University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia A. Kozlova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman A. Verkhovskii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- School of Urbanistics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ermakov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Makarkin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga A. Inozemtseva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N. Bratashov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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Schreier S, Triampo W. The Blood Circulating Rare Cell Population. What is it and What is it Good For? Cells 2020; 9:cells9040790. [PMID: 32218149 PMCID: PMC7226460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood contains a diverse cell population of low concentration hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic cells. The majority of such rare cells may be bone marrow-derived progenitor and stem cells. This paucity of circulating rare cells, in particular in the peripheral circulation, has led many to believe that bone marrow as well as other organ-related cell egress into the circulation is a response to pathological conditions. Little is known about this, though an increasing body of literature can be found suggesting commonness of certain rare cell types in the peripheral blood under physiological conditions. Thus, the isolation and detection of circulating rare cells appears to be merely a technological problem. Knowledge about rare cell types that may circulate the blood stream will help to advance the field of cell-based liquid biopsy by supporting inter-platform comparability, making use of biological correct cutoffs and “mining” new biomarkers and combinations thereof in clinical diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, this review intends to lay ground for a comprehensive analysis of the peripheral blood rare cell population given the necessity to target a broader range of cell types for improved biomarker performance in cell-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schreier
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wannapong Triampo
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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40
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Park S, Chen L, Townsend J, Lee H, Feinberg DA. Simultaneous Multi-VENC and Simultaneous Multi-Slice Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2020; 39:742-752. [PMID: 31403409 PMCID: PMC7138512 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2934422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work develops a novel, simultaneous multi-VENC and simultaneous multi-slice (SMV+SMS) imaging in a single acquisition for robust phase contrast (PC) MRI. To this end, the pulse sequence was designed to permit concurrent acquisition of multiple VENCs as well as multiple slices on a shared frequency encoding gradient, in which each effective echo time for multiple VENCs was controlled by adjusting net gradient area while multiple slices were simultaneously excited by employing multiband resonance frequency (RF) pulses. For VENC and slice separation, RF phase cycling and gradient blip were applied to create both inter-VENC and inter-slice shifts along phase encoding direction, respectively. With an alternating RF phase cycling that generates oscillating steady-state with low and high signal amplitude, the acquired multi-VENC k-space was reformulated into 3D undersampled k-space by generating a virtual dimension along VENC direction for modulation induced artifact reduction. In vivo studies were conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed method in comparison with conventional PC MRI. The proposed method shows comparable performance to the conventional method in delineating both low and high flow velocities across cardiac phases with high spatial coverage without apparent artifacts. In the presence of high flow velocity that is above the VENC value, the proposed method exhibits clear depiction of flow signals over conventional method, thereby leading to high VNR image with improved velocity dynamic range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liyong Chen
- Advanced MRI Technologies, Sebastopol, CA, 95472, USA
| | - Jennifer Townsend
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA and Advanced MRI Technologies, Sebastopol, CA, 95472, USA
| | - Hyunyeol Lee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David A. Feinberg
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA and Advanced MRI Technologies, Sebastopol, CA, 95472, USA
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41
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Chen W, Cai H, Zhang X, Huang D, Yang J, Chen C, Qian Q, He Y, Chen Z. Physiologic Factors Affecting the Circulatory Persistence of Copolymer Microbubbles and Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Effects between Copolymer Microbubbles and Sonovue. Ultrasound Med Biol 2020; 46:721-734. [PMID: 31899039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents have been widely used in clinical diagnosis. Knowledge of the physiologic factors affecting circulatory persistence is helpful in preparing long-lasting microbubbles (MBs) for blood perfusion and drug delivery research. In the study described here, we prepared copolymer MBs, compared their characteristics and contrast-enhanced effects with those of SonoVue and investigated the influence of external pressure, temperature, plasma components, renal microcirculation and cardiac motion on their circulatory persistence. The mean size of the copolymer MBs was 3.57 μm, larger than that of SonoVue. The copolymer MBs had longer circulatory persistence than SonoVue. At external pressures of 110 and 150 mm Hg, neither the quantity nor the morphology of the copolymer MBs changed. Further, their quantity and size were similar after incubation at 4°C and 39.4°C and when rabbit plasma and saline were compared. In vivo contrast-enhanced ultrasonography revealed a slightly larger area under the curve for the renal artery than for the renal vein. Thus, copolymer MBs exhibited good stability. However, the quantity of copolymer MBs decreased significantly after 180 s of circulation in an isolated toad heart perfusion model, indicating that cardiac motion was the main factor affecting their circulatory persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Cai
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingfu Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yimi He
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhikui Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Kennel P, Dichamp J, Barreau C, Guissard C, Teyssedre L, Rouquette J, Colombelli J, Lorsignol A, Casteilla L, Plouraboué F. From whole-organ imaging to in-silico blood flow modeling: A new multi-scale network analysis for revisiting tissue functional anatomy. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007322. [PMID: 32059013 PMCID: PMC7062279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a multi-disciplinary image-based blood flow perfusion modeling of a whole organ vascular network for analyzing both its structural and functional properties. We show how the use of Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) permits whole-organ micro-vascular imaging, analysis and modelling. By using adapted image post-treatment workflow, we could segment, vectorize and reconstruct the entire micro-vascular network composed of 1.7 million vessels, from the tissue-scale, inside a ∼ 25 × 5 × 1 = 125mm3 volume of the mouse fat pad, hundreds of times larger than previous studies, down to the cellular scale at micron resolution, with the entire blood perfusion modeled. Adapted network analysis revealed the structural and functional organization of meso-scale tissue as strongly connected communities of vessels. These communities share a distinct heterogeneous core region and a more homogeneous peripheral region, consistently with known biological functions of fat tissue. Graph clustering analysis also revealed two distinct robust meso-scale typical sizes (from 10 to several hundred times the cellular size), revealing, for the first time, strongly connected functional vascular communities. These community networks support heterogeneous micro-environments. This work provides the proof of concept that in-silico all-tissue perfusion modeling can reveal new structural and functional exchanges between micro-regions in tissues, found from community clusters in the vascular graph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Kennel
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse (IMFT), Toulouse University, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jules Dichamp
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse (IMFT), Toulouse University, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Barreau
- CNRS 5273; UMR STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | | | | | - Julien Colombelli
- Advanced Digital Microscopy Core Facility, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. C. Baldiri Reixac, 10. E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Lorsignol
- CNRS 5273; UMR STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- CNRS 5273; UMR STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Franck Plouraboué
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse (IMFT), Toulouse University, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Navarro-Ripoll R, Aliaga Medina JL, López-Baamonde M, López Hernández A, Perdomo Linares JM. Lung recruitment maneuvers: opening the door to a hidden enemy. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2020; 67:99-102. [PMID: 31955890 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment manoeuvres (RM) are common practice in anaesthesiology; however, they can have adverse effects. We present an unforeseen complication in a patient undergoing surgical resection of a bronchial tumour who presented cardiac arrest due to pulseless electrical activity immediately after RMs. A transoesophageal echocardiogram performed after return of spontaneous circulation showed a patent foramen ovale (PFO), left ventricular dysfunction with segmental changes, and air in the left ventricle, leading to suspicion of paradoxical air embolism. The contractility changes normalised spontaneously, and postoperative evolution was uneventful. RMs cause changes in intracavitary pressures that can lead to opening of a PFO (present in up to 30% of the population) and reversal of the physiological left-right shunt. Transoesophageal echocardiography facilitated immediate diagnosis and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Navarro-Ripoll
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - J L Aliaga Medina
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - M López-Baamonde
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - A López Hernández
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - J M Perdomo Linares
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Seyfizadeh N, Saboori H, Borzoueisileh S, Habibi M, Elahimanesh F. ABO blood groups as a new potential predictive factor in radiotherapy hematological changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 121:67-72. [PMID: 31950842 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2020_010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cancer treatments specially with new high Tec radiotherapy equipment's calling daily progression in method and predictive factors affecting treatment goals. Due to important effect of oxygen on cells radio sensitivity, tumor blood circulation and it's antigens like ABO blood groups maybe an important predictive factor for radiotherapy response and it is adverse events. The aim of this study was the assessment of the hematological manifestations of local radiotherapy and association with ABO blood groups. METHODS In this observational study, 2 ml of peripheral blood were taken from 152 patients with routine 3D conformal radiotherapy treatment course and the blood parameters achieve and documented at four stage during treatment courses. The data were analyzed by repeated measurement andone-way ANOVA. RESULTS Statistically significant reductions of the platelets, white blood cells (WBC), and lymphocytes counts were demonstrated. Also an increased percentage of polymorphonuclear cells during local radiotherapy exposure was found. The changes in WBC counts were observed to be in association with ABO blood groups. The other evaluated factors were not significantly associated with ABO blood groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an association between radiotherapy patients ABO blood groups and some hematological changes in their blood circulation (Fig. 7, Ref. 23).
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Hu H, Chen Y, Ye J, Xiang Y, Wen B, Wang Y. [Design of Treatment System for Poor Peripheral Circulation Using Air Wave Pressure Based on STM32 Microprocessor]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2020; 44:42-46. [PMID: 32343065 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study designs an intermittent pneumatic pressurization device with STM32 series single chip as the core. The working state of the air pump and the plurality of air chambers is controlled by the IO port of the single chip microcomputer, and the circulating inflation of the plurality of air bags is realized. The pressure monitoring system consists of a silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor, a high-precision operational amplifier and a 12-bit AD converter which monitors the gas pressure of each gas path in real time to ensure the safety of the equipment. The system is easy to operate, simple in function, and has strong practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032. ##Email#
| | - Yueming Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032. ##Email#
| | - Jilun Ye
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060. ##Email#
| | - Yong Xiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032. ##Email#
| | - Bin Wen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060. ##Email#
| | - Yelei Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032. ##Email#
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Dankel SJ, Abe T, Spitz RW, Viana R, Bell ZW, Wong V, Chatakondi RN, Loenneke JP. Impact of Acute Fluid Retention on Ultrasound Echo Intensity. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:149-150. [PMID: 30910401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Dankel
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Robert W Spitz
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ricardo Viana
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Zachary W Bell
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Vickie Wong
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Raksha N Chatakondi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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Xie ZT, Li KY, Weng ZW, Zhou SH. [Traditional Chinese therapy of tonifying the kidney and invigorating blood circulation reduces sperm DNA damage and improves natural pregnancy in infertile males]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2020; 26:74-77. [PMID: 33345481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the traditional Chinese therapy of tonifying the kidney and invigorating blood circulation (TKIB) on male infertility. METHODS Forty-two infertile males with abnormal DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were randomly allocated into a TKIB (n = 22) and a control group (n = 20), the former treated by TKIB with an oral Chinese medicinal prescription while the latter with oral tamoxifen tablets and vitamin E capsules, both for 3 months. Before and after treatment, we obtained the semen parameters and sperm DFI from the patients and followed them up for the outcomes of natural pregnancy. RESULTS Compared with the baseline, the patients in both the TKIB and control groups showed significant increases after medication in sperm concentration ([36.82 ± 29.16] and [34.56 ± 37.03] vs [50.00 ± 39.16] and [40.72 ± 47.37] ×10⁶/ml, P<0.05), the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) ([20.62 ± 9.10]% and [21.25 ± 9.11]% vs [36.82 ± 13.45]% and [26.18 ± 10.60]%, P<0.05) and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm (MNS) ([1.28 ± 1.00]% and [1.48 ± 0.91]% vs [3.44 ± 1.33]% and [2.57 ± 1.32]%, P<0.05), but remarkably decreased sperm DFI ([29.07 ± 11.52]% and [24.43 ± 8.46]% vs [15.51 ± 11.31]% and [18.53 ± 10.44]%, P<0.05). The patients of the TKIB group exhibited an even higher total sperm motility and percentages of PMS and MNS than those of the control group (P<0.05) but no statistically significant difference from the latter in sperm concentration or DFI (P>0.05). Besides, the former achieved higher rates of natural pregnancy (18.2%) and live birth (18.2%) than the controls (15% and 10%) though neither with statistically significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The traditional Chinese therapy of tonifying the kidney and invigorating blood circulation can reduce sperm DNA damage and improve the outcomes of natural pregnancy in infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ting Xie
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, 2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Kun-Yin Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, 2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Weng
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, 2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Shao-Hu Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, 2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
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Diem AK, Valen-Sendstad K. Time-Lapsing Perfusion: Proof of Concept of a Novel Method to Study Drug Delivery in Whole Organs. Biophys J 2019; 117:2316-2323. [PMID: 31648790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfusion is one of the most important processes maintaining organ health. From a computational perspective, however, perfusion is among the least-studied physiological processes of the heart. The recent development of novel nanoparticle-based targeted cardiac therapy calls for novel simulation methods that can provide insights into the distribution patterns of therapeutic agents within the heart tissue. Additionally, resolving the distribution patterns of perfusion is crucial for gaining a full understanding of the long-term impacts of cardiovascular diseases that can lead to adverse remodeling such as myocardial ischemia and heart failure. In this study, we have developed and used a, to our knowledge, novel particle-tracking-based method to simulate the perfusion-mediated distribution of nanoparticles or other solutes. To model blood flow through perfused tissue, we follow the approach of others and treat the tissue as a porous medium in a continuum model. Classically, solutes are modeled using reaction-advection-diffusion kinetics. However, because of the discrepancy of scales between advection and diffusion in blood vessels, this method becomes practically numerically unstable. Instead, we track a bolus of solutes or nanoparticles using particle tracking based purely on advection in arteries. In capillaries, we employ diffusion kinetics, using an effective diffusion coefficient to mimic capillary blood flow. We first demonstrate the numerical validity and computational efficiency of this method on a two-dimensional benchmark problem. Finally, we demonstrate how the method is used to visualize perfusion patterns of a healthy and ischemic human left ventricle geometry. The efficiency of the method allows for nanoparticle tracking over multiple cardiac cycles using a conventional laptop, providing a framework for the simulation of experimentally relevant timeframes to advance preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Diem
- Department of Computational Physiology, Simula Research Laboratory, Fornebu, Norway.
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Oldani G, Peloso A, Slits F, Gex Q, Delaune V, Orci LA, van de Looij Y, Colin DJ, Germain S, de Vito C, Rubbia-Brandt L, Lacotte S, Toso C. The impact of short-term machine perfusion on the risk of cancer recurrence after rat liver transplantation with donors after circulatory death. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224890. [PMID: 31765399 PMCID: PMC6876876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermic and normothermic ex vivo liver perfusions promote organ recovery after donation after circulatory death (DCD). We tested whether these perfusions can reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in a 1h-DCD syngeneic transplantation model, using Fischer F344 rats. DCD grafts were machine perfused for 2h with hypothermic perfusion (HOPE) or normothermic perfusion (NORMO), and transplanted. After reperfusion, we injected HCC cells into the vena porta. On day 28 after transplantation, we assessed tumour volumes by MRI. Control rats included transplantations with Fresh and non-perfused DCD livers. We observed apoptotic-necrotic hepatocyte foci in all DCD grafts, which were more visible than in the Fresh liver grafts. Normothermic perfusion allowed a faster post-transplant recovery, with lower day 1 levels of transaminases compared with the other DCD. Overall, survival was similar in all four groups and all animals developed HCCs. Total tumor volume was lower in the Fresh liver recipients compared to the DCD and DCD+HOPE recipients. Volumes in DCD+NORMO recipients were not significantly different from those in the Fresh group. This experiment confirms that ischemia/reperfusion injury promotes HCC cell engraftment/growth after DCD liver transplantation. Using the present extreme 1h ischemia model, both hypothermic and normothermic perfusions were not effective in reducing this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Oldani
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Slits
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gex
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vaihere Delaune
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo A. Orci
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yohan van de Looij
- Division of Child Development & Growth, University Children's Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Translational Molecular Imaging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier J. Colin
- MicroPET/SPECT/CT Imaging Laboratory, Centre for BioMedical Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Germain
- MicroPET/SPECT/CT Imaging Laboratory, Centre for BioMedical Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio de Vito
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Lacotte
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
An axisymmetric compact finite-difference lattice Boltzmann method is proposed to simulate both Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow of blood through a lumen. The curvature of the arteries could be accurately resolved using body-fitted mesh owing to the proposed finite-difference formulation. The axisymmetric nature of the flow, as well as the non-Newtonian nature of blood, are incorporated into the lattice Boltzmann equation using separate source terms. Using Chapman-Enskog expansion it is shown that the resulting lattice Boltzmann equation with these additional source terms recovers the macroscopic axisymmetric hydrodynamic equations. The solver is verified for (1) steady inflow of a Newtonian fluid through a stenosed lumen, (2) temporally developing pulsatile flow (Womersley flow) through a straight lumen with Newtonian fluid, and (3) steady inflow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a straight lumen. The solver is then applied to simulate the steady flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a stenosed lumen, and it was found that a smaller recirculation zone and lower WSS values are obtained when compared with the flow of a Newtonian fluid. The capability of the solver to simulate spatially developing (velocity-driven) pulsatile flow is then demonstrated by simulating physiological pulsatile flow through an axisymmetric abdominal aortic aneurysm. From this simulation, the cycle-averaged wall shear stress is observed to have a steep gradient going from a minimum (negative) to a maximum (positive) value towards the distal end of the aneurysm, which is prone to the risk of rupture. An iterative procedure to select the geometric and flow parameters for unsteady inflow condition in the lattice Boltzmann method framework is demonstrated that accurately resolves all the timescales to achieve incompressibility. Overall, the present solver seems to be promising to simulate axisymmetric flow of blood with steady and pulsatile inflows while considering the blood rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakthivel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kameswararao Anupindi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamilnadu, India
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