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Eickhardt-Dalbøge CS, Nielsen HV, Fuursted K, Stensvold CR, Andersen LOB, Lilje B, Larsen MK, Kjær L, Christensen SF, Knudsen TA, Skov V, Sørensen AL, Ellervik C, Olsen LR, Christensen JJE, Nielsen XC, Hasselbalch HC, Ingham AC. JAK2V617F drives gut microbiota differences in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:776-787. [PMID: 38226781 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (MF) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Inflammation is involved in the initiation, progression, and symptomology of the diseases. The gut microbiota impacts the immune system, infection control, and steady-state hematopoiesis. METHODS We analyzed the gut microbiota of 227 MPN patients and healthy controls (HCs) using next-generation sequencing. We expanded our previous results in PV and ET patients with additional PV, pre-MF, and MF patients which allowed us to compare MPN patients collectively, MPN sub-diagnoses, and MPN mutations (separately and combined) vs. HCs (N = 42) and compare within MPN sub-diagnoses and MPN mutation. RESULTS MPN patients had a higher observed richness (median, 245 [range, 49-659]) compared with HCs (191.5 [range, 111-300; p = .003]) and a lower relative abundance of taxa within the Firmicutes phylum; for example, Faecalibacterium (6% vs. 14%, p < .001). The microbiota of CALR-positive patients (N = 30) resembled that of HCs more than that of patients with JAK2V617F (N = 177). In JAK2V617F-positive patients, only minor differences in the gut microbiota were observed between MPN sub-diagnoses, illustrating the importance of this mutation. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota in MPN patients differs from HCs and is driven by JAK2V617F, whereas the gut microbiota in CALR patients resembles HCs more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schjellerup Eickhardt-Dalbøge
- The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik V Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lee O' Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilje
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Kranker Larsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Alma Knudsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Ellervik
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Data and Data Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
| | - Lars Rønn Olsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Jørgen Elmer Christensen
- The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaohui Chen Nielsen
- The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Cäcilia Ingham
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Liu J, Zhang J, Wei Y, Su W, Li W, Wang B, Peng D, Gheysen G, Peng H, Dai L. The nematode effector calreticulin competes with the high mobility group protein OsHMGB1 for binding to the rice calmodulin-like protein OsCML31 to enhance rice susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1732-1746. [PMID: 38311858 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola secretes effectors into rice tissues to modulate host immunity. Here, we characterised MgCRT1, a calreticulin protein of M. graminicola, and identified its target in the plant. In situ hybridisation showed MgCRT1 mRNA accumulating in the subventral oesophageal gland in J2 nematodes. Immunolocalization indicated MgCRT1 localises in the giant cells during parasitism. Host-induced gene silencing of MgCRT1 reduced the infection ability of M. graminicola, while over-expressing MgCRT1 enhanced rice susceptibility to M. graminicola. A yeast two-hybrid approach identified the calmodulin-like protein OsCML31 as an interactor of MgCRT1. OsCML31 interacts with the high mobility group protein OsHMGB1 which is a conserved DNA binding protein. Knockout of OsCML31 or overexpression of OsHMGB1 in rice results in enhanced susceptibility to M. graminicola. In contrast, overexpression of OsCML31 or knockout of OsHMGB1 in rice decreases susceptibility to M. graminicola. The GST-pulldown and luciferase complementation imaging assay showed that MgCRT1 decreases the interaction of OsCML31 and OsHMGB1 in a competitive manner. In conclusion, when M. graminicola infects rice and secretes MgCRT1 into rice, MgCRT1 interacts with OsCML31 and decreases the association of OsCML31 with OsHMGB1, resulting in the release of OsHMGB1 to enhance rice susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Su
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Aubin L, Vilas Boas R, Daltro De Oliveira R, Le Brun V, Divoux M, Rey J, Mansier O, Ianotto JC, Pastoret C, Desmares A, Murati A, de Mas V, Tavitian S, Girodon F, Soret Dulphy J, Maslah N, Goncalves Monteiro V, Boyer F, Orvain C, Ranta D, Cayssials É, Le Clech L, Nicol C, Rottier C, Botin Lopez T, Castel B, Rispal P, Beziat G, Bescond C, Laribi K, Benajiba L, Ugo V, Lippert E, Cottin L, Luque Paz D. CALR-mutated patients with low allele burden represent a specific subtype of essential thrombocythemia: A study on behalf of FIM and GBMHM. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:1001-1004. [PMID: 38404143 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A low allele burden (i.e., <20%) of the CALR driver mutation is found in 10.8% of CALR-mutated MPNs, mostly in essential thrombocythemia, and correlates with a milder phenotype and a more indolent evolution compared to patients with an allele burden ≥20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aubin
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Angers, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CH St Malo, St Malo, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Marion Divoux
- Hématologie Clinique, CHU Nancy, Nancy, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Jérôme Rey
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Département d'Hématologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Mansier
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Anne Desmares
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Murati
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Département de Biopathologie et Département d'Oncologie Prédictive, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique de Mas
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Suzanne Tavitian
- Service d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Juliette Soret Dulphy
- INSERM U944/CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint Louis APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nabih Maslah
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université Paris Cité, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Dana Ranta
- Hématologie Clinique, CHU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Émilie Cayssials
- Service d'Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | - Camille Rottier
- Laboratoire d'oncobiologie moléculaire, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | | | - Brice Castel
- Service de Médecine Interne, CH de Bigorre, Tarbes, France
| | | | | | | | - Kamel Laribi
- Hématologie Clinique, CH Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Lina Benajiba
- INSERM U944/CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint Louis APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Ugo
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Angers, France
| | - Eric Lippert
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
- INSERM, U1078, Université de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Laurane Cottin
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Angers, France
| | - Damien Luque Paz
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Angers, France
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Lin J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Qi F, Zhang M. Calreticulin, a potential coregulator of immune checkpoints and biomarker associated with tumor microenvironment and clinical prognostic significance in breast invasive carcinoma. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:2717-2731. [PMID: 38247288 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As a promising immune checkpoint of immunogenic cell death (ICD) and multifunctional calcium-binding molecular chaperone, calreticulin (CALR) has been attracting increasing attention. CALR mainly locates in cellular endoplasmic reticulum and significantly affects cell proliferation, invasion, induction of apoptosis, and angiogenesis in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA). CALR overexpression might be correlated with a worse outcome. Nonetheless, it remains obscure how CALR correlates with immune infiltration and survival prognosis of BRCA. In this study, we investigated CALR expression utilizing RNAseq data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) database. The prognostic value of CALR was analyzed using clinical survival data. Enrichment analysis was conducted using the R package "clusterProfiler." We downloaded the immune cell infiltration score of TCGA samples from published articles and online databases and performed a correlation analysis between immune cell infiltration levels and CALR expression. We further assessed the association between CALR and immunomodulators. Moreover, we also evaluated the expression of CALR in 100 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer and adjacent normal breast tissue specimens. Our results found that CALR was highly expressed in BRCA, and CALR expression levels differed in pathological stages, T stages, and N stages. Besides, these results suggested that CALR overexpression may have adverse effects on the progression-free interval (PFI) and disease-free interval (DFI), which may be related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, leading to tumor deterioration. Meanwhile, immune cell infiltration analysis revealed a correlation between the expression of CALR and the number of neutrophils and dendritic cells, suggesting that CALR was highly correlated with many immunomodulators in BRCA. Our results provide potential biomarkers of CALR in BRCA. CALR may interact synergistically with other immunomodulators to regulate the immune microenvironment, which could be utilized to develop new immunotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lin
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Naseri S, Cordova MM, Wenthe J, Lövgren T, Eriksson E, Loskog A, Ullenhag GJ. CD40 stimulation via CD40 ligand enhances adenovirus-mediated tumour immunogenicity including 'find-me', 'eat-me', and 'kill-me' signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18162. [PMID: 38494863 PMCID: PMC10945091 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulatory gene therapy using oncolytic viruses is currently evaluated as a promising therapy for cancer aiming to induce anti-tumour immunity. Here, we investigate the capacity of oncolytic adenoviruses (LOAd) and their transgenes to induce immunogenicity in the infected tumour cells. Oncolysis and death-related markers were assessed after infection of eight human solid cancer cell lines with different LOAd viruses expressing a trimerized, membrane-bound (TMZ)-CD40L, TMZ-CD40L and 41BBL, or no transgenes. The viruses induced transgene expression post infection before they were killed by oncolysis. Death receptors TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2 and Fas as well as immunogenic cell death marker calreticulin were upregulated in cell lines post infection. Similarly, caspase 3/7 activity was increased in most cell lines. Interestingly, in CD40+ cell lines there was a significant effect of the TMZ-CD40L-encoding viruses indicating activation of the CD40-mediated apoptosis pathway. Further, these cell lines showed a significant increase of calreticulin, and TRAIL receptor 1 and 2 post infection. However, LOAd viruses induced PD-L1 upregulation which may hamper anti-tumour immune responses. In conclusion, LOAd infection increased the immunogenicity of infected tumour cells and this was potentiated by CD40 stimulation. Due to the simultaneous PD-L1 increase, LOAd viruses may benefit from combination with antibodies blocking PD1/PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Naseri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life LaboratoriesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Mariela Mejia Cordova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life LaboratoriesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jessica Wenthe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life LaboratoriesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Tanja Lövgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life LaboratoriesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Emma Eriksson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life LaboratoriesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Lokon Pharma ABUppsalaSweden
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life LaboratoriesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Lokon Pharma ABUppsalaSweden
| | - Gustav J. Ullenhag
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life LaboratoriesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of OncologyUppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
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Tefferi A, Vannucchi AM, Barbui T. Essential thrombocythemia: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:697-718. [PMID: 38269572 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OVERVIEW Essential thrombocythemia is a Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation-prevalent myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal thrombocytosis; clinical course is often indolent but might be interrupted by thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications, microcirculatory symptoms (e.g., headaches, lightheadedness, and acral paresthesias), and, less frequently, by disease transformation into myelofibrosis (MF) or acute myeloid leukemia. DIAGNOSIS In addition to thrombocytosis (platelets ≥450 × 109 /L), formal diagnosis requires the exclusion of other myeloid neoplasms, including prefibrotic MF, polycythemia vera, chronic myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis. Bone marrow morphology typically shows increased number of mature-appearing megakaryocytes distributed in loose clusters. GENETICS Approximately 80% of patients express myeloproliferative neoplasm driver mutations (JAK2, CALR, MPL), in a mutually exclusive manner; in addition, about 50% harbor other mutations, the most frequent being TET2 (9%-11%), ASXL1 (7%-20%), DNMT3A (7%), and SF3B1 (5%). Abnormal karyotype is seen in <10% of patients and includes +9/20q-/13q-. SURVIVAL AND PROGNOSIS Life expectancy is less than that of the control population. Median survival is approximately 18 years but exceeds >35 years in younger patients. The triple A survival risk model, based on Age, Absolute neutrophil count, and Absolute lymphocyte count, effectively delineates high-, intermediate-1-, intermediate-2-, and low-risk disease with corresponding median survivals of 8, 14, 21, and 47 years. RISK FACTORS FOR THROMBOSIS Four risk categories are considered: very low (age ≤60 years, no thrombosis history, JAK2 wild-type), low (same as very low but JAK2 mutation present), intermediate (same as low but age >60 years), and high (thrombosis history or age >60 years with JAK2 mutation). MUTATIONS AND PROGNOSIS MPL and CALR-1 mutations have been associated with increased risk of MF transformation; spliceosome with inferior overall and MF-free survival; TP53 with leukemic transformation, and JAK2V617F with thrombosis. Leukemic transformation rate at 10 years is <1% but might be higher in JAK2-mutated patients with extreme thrombocytosis and those with abnormal karyotype. TREATMENT The main goal of therapy is to prevent thrombosis. In this regard, once-daily low-dose aspirin is advised for all patients and twice daily for low-risk disease. Cytoreductive therapy is advised for high-risk and optional for intermediate-risk disease. First-line cytoreductive drugs of choice are hydroxyurea and pegylated interferon-α and second-line busulfan. ADDITIONAL CONTENT The current review includes specific treatment strategies in the context of extreme thrombocytosis, pregnancy, splanchnic vein thrombosis, perioperative care, and post-essential thrombocythemia MF, as well as new investigational drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alessandro Maria Vannucchi
- CRIMM, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziano Barbui
- Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
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Tefferi A, Pardanani A, Begna KH, Al-Kali A, Hogan WJ, Litzow MR, Ketterling RP, Reichard KK, Gangat N. Calr type 1/like mutation in myelofibrosis is the most prominent predictor of momelotinib drug survival and longevity without transplant. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:51. [PMID: 38503764 PMCID: PMC10951334 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-01028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | | | - Aref Al-Kali
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Zhang S, Yan J, He L, Jiang Z, Jiang H. STAT5a and SH2B3 novel mutations display malignancy roles in a triple-negative primary myelofibrosis patient. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:484-494. [PMID: 38135698 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patients frequently have JAK2 (V617F), CALR (exon 9), or MPL (W515 or exon 10) strong driver gene mutation, which triggers abnormal activation of the JAK2-STATs signaling pathway that plays a complex role in the occurrence of PMF. However, about 10-15% of PMF patients have no above typical mutations in these strong driver genes, known as being "triple-negative", which are associated with poor prognosis. In this paper, we reported a unique secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) case transformed from triple-negative PMF combined with lung cancer and erythroderma occurrence at the same time, which has not been reported so far. Through whole blood exome sequencing, four novel noncanonical mutations were detected in key regulatory genes SH2B3 (Q748 and S710) and STAT5a (C350 and K354). Meanwhile, STAT5a-S710 and SH2B3-K354 noncanonical mutations gained strong malignant biofunction on promoting cell growth and tumorigenesis by accelerating the G1/S transition. In the mechanistic study, these pernicious phenotypes driven by noncanonical mutations might be initial PMF by activating p-STAT5a/c-Myc/CyclinD1 and p-STAT3/p-AKT/p-ERK1/2 signaling axes. Therefore, our study explored the deleterious roles of novel noncanonical mutations in STAT5a and SH2B3, which may serve as susceptibility genes and display the oncogenic biofunction in the progression of PMF to acute myeloid leukemia-M2a (AML-M2a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lan He
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Hunan Hematology Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
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9
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England JT, Szuber N, Sirhan S, Dunne T, Cerquozzi S, Hill M, Villeneuve PJA, Ho JM, Sadikovic B, Bhai P, Krishnan N, Dowhanik S, Hillis C, Capo-Chichi JM, Tsui H, Cheung V, Gauthier K, Sibai H, Davidson MB, Bankar A, Kotchetkov R, Gupta V, Maze D. Clinical Features and Long-Term Outcomes of a Pan-Canadian Cohort of Adolescents and Young Adults with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Canadian MPN Group Study. Leukemia 2024; 38:570-578. [PMID: 38321107 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of chronic hematologic malignancies that lead to morbidity and early mortality due to thrombotic complications and progression to acute leukemia. Clinical and mutational risk factors have been demonstrated to predict outcomes in patients with MPNs and are used commonly to guide therapeutic decisions, including allogenic stem cell transplant, in myelofibrosis. Adolescents and young adults (AYA, age ≤45 years) comprise less than 10% of all MPN patients and have unique clinical and therapeutic considerations. The prevalence and clinical impact of somatic mutations implicated in myeloid disease has not been extensively examined in this population. We conducted a retrospective review of patients evaluated at eight Canadian centers for MPN patients diagnosed at ≤45 years of age. In total, 609 patients were included in the study, with median overall survival of 36.8 years. Diagnosis of prefibrotic or overt PMF is associated with the lowest OS and highest risk of AP/BP transformation. Thrombotic complications (24%), including splanchnic circulation thrombosis (9%), were frequent in the cohort. Mutations in addition to those in JAK2/MPL/CALR are uncommon in the initial disease phase in our AYA population (12%); but our data indicate they may be predictive of transformation to post-ET/PV myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T England
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Medical Oncology & Malignant Hematology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Natasha Szuber
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Shireen Sirhan
- Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tom Dunne
- Division of Hematology, Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sonia Cerquozzi
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Madeleine Hill
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre J A Villeneuve
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jenny M Ho
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Pratibha Bhai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nupur Krishnan
- Royal Victoria Regional Health Center, Barrie, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chris Hillis
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jose-Mario Capo-Chichi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hubert Tsui
- Department of Hematopathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Verna Cheung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hassan Sibai
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marta B Davidson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aniket Bankar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vikas Gupta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn Maze
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bonnet S, Carillo S, Legrand B, Burroni B, Lavabre-Bertrand T, Requirand G, Robert N, Fornero L, Al Mansoori A, Moreaux J, Cartron G, Gabellier L, Herbaux C. Extreme thrombocytosis with an aggressive evolution harboring a novel variant of calreticulin (CALR) in exon 3. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:475-478. [PMID: 37918825 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the case of a patient with extreme thrombocytosis whose evolution was rapidly fatal. No cause of secondary thrombocytosis was found. There was no sign of myelofibrosis but the megakaryocytes were small and dysplastic. The patient presented a calreticulin (CALR) variant in exon 3 (C105S), as well as concomitant mutations of ASXL1, U2AF1, and EZH2. This variant of CALR has never been described before, and after sorting, all identified mutations were found in myeloid cells but not in lymphoid cells. Therefore, the diagnosis of a frontier case of myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) was made. A treatment with hydroxycarbamide was started because of a high risk of thrombosis. Upon worsening of the hematological status two new mutations appeared, SETBP1 and ETV6, and the CALR mutation was still detectable, as well as the three other mutations found in the chronic stage. Our results show that this variant could contribute to MDS/MPN pathogenesis in that patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bonnet
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Carillo
- Département d'Hématologie biologique, Laboratoire de Cytologie Clinique et Cytogénétique, CHRU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Barbara Burroni
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS 1138, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Lavabre-Bertrand
- Département d'Hématologie biologique, Laboratoire de Cytologie Clinique et Cytogénétique, CHRU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Guilhem Requirand
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France
- Pôle de biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Robert
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France
- Pôle de biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Lea Fornero
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ahmed Al Mansoori
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France
- Pôle de biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Gabellier
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR5535, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Herbaux
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France
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11
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Narlı Özdemir Z, İpek Y, Patır P, Ermiş G, Çiftçiler R, Özmen D, Baysal M, Gürsoy V, Yıldızhan E, Güven S, Ercan T, Elibol T, Mersin S, Genç E, Davulcu EA, Karakuş V, Erkut N, Güneş G, Diz Küçükkaya R, Eşkazan AE. Impact of CALR and JAK2V617F Mutations on Clinical Course and Disease Outcomes in Essential Thrombocythemia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Turkish Patients. Turk J Haematol 2024; 41:26-36. [PMID: 38433449 PMCID: PMC10918406 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2024.2023.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we investigated the effects of calreticulin (CALR) and JAK2V617F mutational status on clinical course and disease outcomes in Turkish patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Materials and Methods Seventeen centers from Türkiye participated in the study and CALR- and JAK2V617F-mutated ET patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results A total of 302 patients were included, of whom 203 (67.2%) and 99 (32.8%) were JAK2V617F- and CALR-positive, respectively. CALR-mutated patients were significantly younger (51 years vs. 57.5 years, p=0.03), with higher median platelet counts (987x109/L vs. 709x109/L, p<0.001) and lower median hemoglobin levels (13.1 g/dL vs. 14.1 g/dL, p<0.001) compared to JAK2V617F-mutated patients. Thromboembolic events (TEEs) occurred in 54 patients (17.9%), 77.8% of which were arterial. Compared to CALR mutation, JAK2V617F was associated with a higher risk of thrombosis (8.1% vs. 22.7%, p=0.002). Rates of transformation to myelofibrosis (MF) and leukemia were 4% and 0.7%, respectively, and these rates were comparable between JAK2V617F- and CALR-mutated cases. The estimated overall survival (OS) and MF-free survival of the entire cohort were 265.1 months and 235.7 months, respectively. OS and MF-free survival durations were similar between JAK2V617F- and CALR-mutated patients. Thrombosis-free survival (TFS) was superior in CALR-mutated patients compared to JAK2V617F-positive patients (5-year TFS: 90% vs. 71%, respectively; p=0.001). Age at diagnosis was an independent factor affecting the incidence of TEEs. Conclusion In our ET cohort, CALR mutations resulted in higher platelet counts and lower hemoglobin levels than JAK2V617F and were associated with younger age at diagnosis. JAK2V617F was strongly associated with thrombosis and worse TFS. Hydroxyurea was the most preferred cytoreductive agent for patients with high thrombosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yıldız İpek
- Kartal Dr. Lüfti Kırdar City Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Püsem Patır
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Gözde Ermiş
- Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Rafiye Çiftçiler
- Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Özmen
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Baysal
- Ali Osman Sönmez Oncology Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Vildan Gürsoy
- Bursa City Hospital, Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Esra Yıldızhan
- Kayseri City Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Serkan Güven
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy State Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Tarık Ercan
- Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tayfun Elibol
- Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Mersin
- Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Eylem Genç
- Tekirdağ Dr. İsmail Fehmi Cumalıoğlu City Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
| | - Eren Arslan Davulcu
- University of Health Sciences Türkiye, İstanbul Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Volkan Karakuş
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Nergiz Erkut
- Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Gürsel Güneş
- University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Reyhan Diz Küçükkaya
- İstanbul University Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Emre Eşkazan
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, İstanbul, Türkiye
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12
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Shan Z, Song X, Yang X, Xue Y, Wu Y, Wang X, Liu J, Liu Q. Calreticulin (CALR) promotes ionophore-induced microneme secretion in Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:139. [PMID: 38381180 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The flow of calcium ions (Ca2+) is involved in numerous vital activities of Toxoplasma gondii. Calreticulin is a type of Ca2+-binding protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is involved in Ca2+ signaling pathway regulation, Ca2+ storage, and protein folding. In this work, the calreticulin (CALR), a protein predicted to possess a conserved domain of calreticulin in T. gondii, was characterized. The CALR localized in the ER. Using reverse genetics, we discovered that CALR is not necessary for the lytic cycle, including invasion and replication. However, depletion of CALR affected microneme secretion triggered by A23187, which is a Ca2+ ionophore used to increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. Furthermore, we discovered that CALR influences Ca2+ release. Transcriptomic comparison between Δcalr and Δku80 parasites showed that 226 genes in the Δcalr parasites were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). The cellular biological functions of the downregulated genes were mainly involved in calmodulin-dependent protein kinase pathways. Furthermore, in the absence of CALR, tachyzoites were still able to cause acute infection in mice. These results imply that by influencing ER Ca2+ release content, CALR may further impair the ionophore-induced secretion of the parasite. However, this protein is not required for the completion of the parasite's lytic cycle or for the acute virulence of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Shan
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingju Song
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xu Yang
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangfei Xue
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yayun Wu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xianmei Wang
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qun Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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Holl K, Chatain N, Krapp S, Baumeister J, Maié T, Schmitz S, Scheufen A, Brock N, Koschmieder S, Moreno-Andrés D. Calreticulin and JAK2V617F driver mutations induce distinct mitotic defects in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2810. [PMID: 38308077 PMCID: PMC10837458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) encompass a diverse group of hematologic disorders driven by mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL. The prevailing working model explaining how these driver mutations induce different disease phenotypes is based on the decisive influence of the cellular microenvironment and the acquisition of additional mutations. Here, we report increased levels of chromatin segregation errors in hematopoietic cells stably expressing CALRdel52 or JAK2V617F mutations. Our investigations employing murine 32DMPL and human erythroleukemic TF-1MPL cells demonstrate a link between CALRdel52 or JAK2V617F expression and a compromised spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a phenomenon contributing to error-prone mitosis. This defective SAC is associated with imbalances in the recruitment of SAC factors to mitotic kinetochores upon CALRdel52 or JAK2V617F expression. We show that JAK2 mutant CD34 + MPN patient-derived cells exhibit reduced expression of the master mitotic regulators PLK1, aurora kinase B, and PP2A catalytic subunit. Furthermore, the expression profile of mitotic regulators in CD34 + patient-derived cells allows to faithfully distinguish patients from healthy controls, as well as to differentiate primary and secondary myelofibrosis from essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Altogether, our data suggest alterations in mitotic regulation as a potential driver in the pathogenesis in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Holl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Krapp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Baumeister
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Scheufen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Brock
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Tharakan S, Mascarenhas J, Tremblay D. Understanding triple negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: pathogenesis, clinical features, and management. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:158-167. [PMID: 38033130 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2277674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that lack the classical "driver mutations," termed triple negative MPNs, remain a poorly understood entity. Despite considerable progress toward understanding MPN pathobiology, the mechanisms leading to the development of these MPNs remains inadequately elucidated. While triple negative primary myelofibrosis (TN-PMF) portends a poor prognosis, triple negative essential thrombocythemia (TN-ET) is more favorable as compared with JAK2 mutated ET. In this review, we summarize the clinical features and prognosis of TN-PMF and -ET as well as diagnostic challenges including identification of non-canonical driver mutations. We also discuss additional molecular drivers to better understand possible pathogenic mechanisms underlying triple negative MPNs. Finally, we highlight current therapeutic approaches as well as novel targets, particularly in the difficult to treat TN-PMF population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tharakan
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Douglas Tremblay
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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15
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Li YM, Yang EP, Wang ZQ, Wang DH, Niu JC, Li YJ, Ming J, Sun MQ, Chen Z, Liu WY, Lyu Y, Hu XM. [Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of JAK2, CALR and Tri-Negative Driving Mutant Type in Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2024; 32:197-201. [PMID: 38387921 DOI: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between mutated genes and clinical features in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). METHODS The clinical data of 69 patients with ET from October 2018 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to driver mutation type, patients were divided into JAK2 group, CALR group and triple-negative group. The sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, thrombosis, splenomegaly, routine blood test and coagulation status of patients in three groups were analyzed. RESULTS Among 69 ET patients, 46 cases were associated with JAK2 mutation, 14 cases with CALR mutation, 8 cases with triple-negative mutation, and one with MPL gene mutation. There were no significant differences in age and sex among the three groups (P >0.05). The highest thrombotic rate was 26.09% (12/46) in JAK2 group, then 12.5% (1/8) in triple-negative group, while no thrombotic events occurred in CALR group. The incidence of splenomegaly was the highest in JAK2 group (34.78%), while no splenomegaly occurred in triple-negative group. The white blood cell (WBC) count in JAK2 group was (9.00±4.86)×109/L, which was significantly higher than (6.03±2.32)×109/L in CALR group (P <0.05). The hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) in JAK2 group were (148.42±18.79) g/L and (0.44±0.06)%, respectively, which were both significantly higher than (131.00±15.17) g/L and (0.39±0.05)% in triple-negative group (P <0.05). The platelet (PLT) in JAK2 group was (584.17±175.77)×109/L, which was significantly lower than (703.07±225.60)×109/L in CALR group (P <0.05). The fibrinogen (Fg) in JAK2 and triple-negative group were (2.64±0.69) g/L and (3.05±0.77) g/L, respectively, which were both significantly higher than (2.24±0.47) g/L in CALR group (P <0.05, P <0.01). The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in triple-negative group was (28.61±1.99) s, which was significantly decreased compared with (31.45±3.35) s in CALR group (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are differences in blood cell count and coagulation status among ET patients with different driver gene mutations. Among ET patients, JAK2 mutation is most common. Compared with CALR group, the thrombotic rate, WBC and Fg significantly increase in JAK2 group, while PLT decrease. Compared with triple-negative group, the incidence of splenomegaly and HCT significantly increase. Compared with CALR group, Fg significantly increases but APTT decreases in triple-negative group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Meng Li
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Er-Peng Yang
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zi-Qing Wang
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - De-Hao Wang
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ji-Cong Niu
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu-Jin Li
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Ming
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ming-Qian Sun
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wei-Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Lyu
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.E-mail:
| | - Xiao-Mei Hu
- Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.E-mail: :
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16
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Krishnamurthy K, Chai J, Wang Y, Naeem R, Goldstein DY. Pitfalls of using polymerase chain reaction-based assays for JAK2 and CALR exon 9 variant testing in myeloproliferative neoplasms: Knowing when to go the extra mile! Am J Clin Pathol 2024; 161:155-161. [PMID: 37788380 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The BCR::ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms are sequentially tested for JAK2 p.V617F, followed by CALR exon 9 pathogenic variants. Historically, these variants were thought to be mutually exclusive. However, recent reports indicate coexisting JAK2 p.V617F and CALR exon 9 somatic variants. METHODS Analysis of JAK2 p.V617F and CALR exon 9 variant was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. Subsequent testing was performed on the Genexus integrated sequencer (ThermoFisher) using the Oncomine myeloid assay GX v2. RESULTS CALR exon 9 variants were positive in 3 cases, while 2 were positive for JAK2 p.V617F on PCR-based assays. Next-generation sequencing confirmed the JAK2 P.V617F status in all cases. CALR variants resulting in in-frame deletions were identified in 2 cases at a variant allele frequency of 52.16% and 50.91%, while the third case had an intronic CALR variant c.-48G>A at a variant allele frequency of 51.1%. Thus, CALR variants in all 3 cases were interpreted as potentially germline. Of the 228 cases that underwent JAK2 p.V617F and CALR cotesting in the past 2 years, only these 2 cases were positive for both JAK2 p.V617F and CALR exon 9 variants. CONCLUSIONS These cases highlight the importance of understanding the pitfalls of molecular techniques in current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiani Chai
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, US
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, US
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, US
| | - Rizwan Naeem
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, US
| | - D Yitzchak Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, US
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, US
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Tosoni L, Liberi M, Morelli G, Zannier ME, Lazzarotto D, Filì C, Simeone E, Battaglia G, Callegari C, Fanin M, Damiani D, Fanin R, Tiribelli M. Correlation between IPSET-t risk at diagnosis and subsequent hemorrhage in patients with essential thrombocythemia; a single institution experience. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:443-448. [PMID: 38072850 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an increased risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events, that represent the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Currently, while thrombotic risk is assessed through the IPSET-t and r-IPSET scores, there is no specific prognostic tool used to predict hemorrhagic risk in ET. The aim of the study was to define incidence and risk factors connected to hemorrhagic events by retrospectively analyzing 308 ET patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2022 at the Division of Hematology of Udine and treated according to the current international guidelines. According to molecular status, 193 patients (62.7%) were JAK2 mutated, 66 (21.4%) had a CALR mutation, 14 (4.5%) had a MPL mutation, 21 patients (6.8%) were "triple negative," and 14 patients (4.5%) were not evaluable. According to IPSET-t score, 49.7% patients were at high, 24.3% at intermediate, and 26.0% at low-risk, respectively. Twelve (3.9%) patients experienced bleeding at ET diagnosis, while 24 (7.8%) had at least one hemorrhagic event during follow-up at a median time of 103 months (range: 1-309). Forty hemorrhagic events were totally recorded and defined as minor in 22 cases, moderate in 11 cases, and severe in 7 cases. Cumulative incidence (CI) of hemorrhage at 10 and 20 years was 6.0% and 12.0%, respectively. A statistically significant correlation between hemorrhagic risk and IPSET-t score emerged: 10 years hemorrhage CI was 3.2% for low-risk, 2.9% for intermediate-risk, and 9.8% for high-risk patients, respectively (p=0.002). We found no correlation between hemorrhagic risk and gender or mutational status. Results of our study highlight the validity of IPSET-t score in predicting individual hemorrhagic risk among ET patients, suggesting a possible role of IPSET-t scoring system as a global evaluator for vascular events in ET patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tosoni
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Liberi
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morelli
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Zannier
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Davide Lazzarotto
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Filì
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Erica Simeone
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Battaglia
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Chiara Callegari
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Fanin
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Renato Fanin
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, P.le S. M. Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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18
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Zhuang T, Abuzeid AMI, Chen X, Zhu S, Li G. In vitro immunoregulatory role of recombinant Ancylostoma ceylanicum calreticulin. Parasites Hosts Dis 2024; 62:75-84. [PMID: 38443772 PMCID: PMC10915272 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host's immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
| | - Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522,
Egypt
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
| | - Shilan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
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19
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Sun G, Gong S, Lan S, He Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z. TMCO1 regulates cell proliferation, metastasis and EMT signaling through CALR, promoting ovarian cancer progression and cisplatin resistance. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2024; 70:99-109. [PMID: 38372107 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the involvement of Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1 (TMCO1) in ovarian cancer progression and its regulatory mechanisms in cisplatin resistance. Using the GEPIA database, we analyzed TMCO1 expression in ovarian cancer and normal tissues. In a cohort of 99 ovarian cancer patients, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were employed to assess TMCO1 expression in tumor and adjacent tissues, correlating findings with clinical and pathological characteristics. TMCO1 overexpression and knockout cell models were constructed, and their impact on non-cisplatin-resistant (SK-OV-3) and cisplatin-resistant (SK-OV-3-CDDP) ovarian cancer cells was investigated through cloning, wound healing, Fluo 4, and Transwell experiments. Knocking down CALR and VDAC1 was performed to examine their effects on TMCO1, cell proliferation, and malignant markers. Subcutaneous tumor models in nude mice elucidated the in vivo role of TMCO1 in tumor growth. Expression levels of CALR, VDAC1, angiogenesis indicators (CD34), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were evaluated. TMCO1 expression in ovarian cancer tissue significantly differed from normal tissue, correlating with survival rates. TMCO1 overexpression was associated with lymph node metastases, late FIGO stage, and larger tumors. TMCO1 promoted proliferation, calcium ion elevation, cytoskeletal remodeling, and metastasis in SK-OV-3 and SK-OV-3-CDDP cells, upregulating VDAC1, CALR, Vimentin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, and downregulating E-cadherin. Silencing TMCO1 inhibited cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis in vivo, suppressing the expression of CALR, VDAC1, Vimentin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin. Overall, this study highlighted TMCO1 as a crucial regulator in ovarian cancer progression, influencing VDAC1 through CALR and impacting diverse cellular processes, offering potential as a targeted therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Sun
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Shan Gong
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Suwei Lan
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Ying He
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Yanhua Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Hernia Surgery, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhengmao Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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20
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Gangat N, Karrar O, Al-Kali A, Begna KH, Elliott MA, Wolanskyj-Spinner AP, Pardanani A, Hanson CA, Ketterling RP, Tefferi A. One thousand patients with essential thrombocythemia: the Mayo Clinic experience. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:11. [PMID: 38238303 PMCID: PMC10796913 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe 1000 patients with essential thrombocythemia seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1967 and 2023: median age 58 years (18-90), females 63%, JAK2/CALR/MPL-mutated 62%/27%/3%, triple-negative (TN) 8%, extreme thrombocytosis (ExT; platelets ≥1000 × 109/L) 26%, leukocytosis (leukocyte count >11 × 109/L) 20%, and abnormal karyotype 6%. JAK2-mutated patients were older (median 71 years), and CALR mutated (52 years), and TN (50 years) younger (p < 0.01). Female gender clustered with TN (73%) and JAK2 (69%) vs. CALR/MPL (49%/47%) mutations (p < 0.01). ExT clustered with CALR (type-2 more than type-1) and TN and leukocytosis with JAK2 mutation (p < 0.01). In multivariable analysis, risk factors for overall survival were older age (p < 0.01), male gender (HR 1.8), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 8 × 109/L (HR 1.6), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) < 1.7 × 109/L (HR 1.5), hypertension (HR 1.7), and arterial thrombosis history (HR 1.7); for leukemia-free survival, ExT (HR 2.3) and abnormal karyotype (HR 3.1); for myelofibrosis-free survival, ANC ≥ 8 × 109/L (HR 2.3) and MPL mutation (HR 3.9); for arterial thrombosis-free survival, age ≥60 years (HR 1.9), male gender (HR 1.6), arterial thrombosis history (HR 1.7), hypertension (HR 1.7), and JAK2 mutation (HR 1.8); for venous thrombosis-free survival, male gender (HR 1.8) and venous thrombosis history (HR 3.0). Associations between ExT and leukemic transformation and between ANC and fibrotic progression were limited to JAK2-mutated cases. Aspirin therapy appeared to mitigate both arterial (HR 0.4) and venous (HR 0.4) thrombosis risk. HR-based risk models delineated patients with median survivals ranging from 10 years to not reached and 20-year leukemia/myelofibrosis incidences from 3%/21% to 12.8%/49%. The current study provides both novel and confirmatory observations of essential thrombocythemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseema Gangat
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Omer Karrar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aref Al-Kali
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Curtis A Hanson
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rhett P Ketterling
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Cytogenetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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21
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Loscocco GG, Gesullo F, Capecchi G, Atanasio A, Maccari C, Mannelli F, Vannucchi AM, Guglielmelli P. One thousand patients with essential thrombocythemia: the Florence-CRIMM experience. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:10. [PMID: 38238287 PMCID: PMC10796728 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe 1000 patients with essential thrombocythemia seen at the Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (CRIMM), Florence, Italy, between 1980 and 2023: median age 59 years (18-95), females 65%, JAK2/CALR/MPL-mutated 66%/19%/4%, triple-negative (TN) 11%. Extreme thrombocytosis (ExT, platelets ≥1000 × 109/L) in 16%, leukocytosis (leukocytes >11 × 109/L) in 16%, and at least one cardiovascular risk factor in 52% of cases. JAK2-mutated patients were older (median 62 years) and CALR-mutated and TN (53 years for both) younger (p < 0.001). Female gender clustered with TN (76%) and JAK2 (67%) vs CALR (46%) mutations (p < 0.001). ExT clustered with CALR (type-2 more than type-1), TN and MPL, and leukocytosis with JAK2 mutation (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, risk factors for arterial thrombosis-free survival were age ≥60 years (HR 2.0; p < 0.001) and JAK2 mutation (HR 1.3; p = 0.02) with borderline significance for male gender (p = 0.08) and cardiovascular risk factors (p = 0.08); for venous thrombosis-free survival, JAK2 mutation (HR 1.9; p = 0.03) with borderline significance for venous thrombosis history (p = 0.07); for overall survival, older age (p < 0.001), male gender (HR 1.9; p < 0.001), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 8 × 109/L (HR 1.8; p = 0.01), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) < 1.7 × 109/L (HR 1.2; p = 0.03); for myelofibrosis-free survival, CALR mutation (HR 2.7; p < 0.001, particularly for CALR type 1/1-like, HR 3.3) and MPL mutation (HR 3.9; p = 0.001); for leukemia-free survival, older age (p = 0.03). Cytoreductive therapy appeared to mitigate both venous (HR 0.3; p = 0.01) and arterial thrombosis (HR 4; p = 0.04); there was a trend for aspirin in preventing arterial thrombosis recurrence. The current study provides real-world observations in essential thrombocythemia, representing a valid source document for interpreting current literature and planning future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe G Loscocco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Doctorate School GenOMec, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Gesullo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Capecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Atanasio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Maccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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22
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Tefferi A, Vannucchi AM. CALR mutations possess unique prognostic relevance in myelofibrosis-before and after transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:1-3. [PMID: 37821534 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- CRIMM, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Baran O, Akgun MY, Kayhan A, Evran S, Ozbek A, Akyoldas G, Samanci MY, Demirel N, Sonmez D, Serin H, Kocak A, Kemerdere R, Tanriverdi T. The association between calreticulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 expressions with prognostic factors in high-grade gliomas. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:25-32. [PMID: 38554294 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1519_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to present the expressions of Calreticulin (CALR) and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in high-grade gliomas and to further show the relation between the levels of these molecules and Ki-67 index, presence of Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-1 mutation, and tumor grade. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 43 patients who underwent surgical resection due to high-grade gliomas (HGG) (grades III and IV) were included. The control group comprised 27 people who showed no gross pathology in the brain during the autopsy procedures. Adequately sized tumor samples were removed from each patient during surgery, and cerebral tissues were removed from the control subjects during the autopsy procedures. Each sample was stored at -80°C as rapidly as possible until the enzyme assay. RESULTS Patients with high-grade gliomas showed significantly higher levels of CALR and significantly lower levels of GLP-1 when compared to control subjects (P = 0.001). CALR levels were significantly higher, GLP-1 levels were significantly lower in grade IV gliomas than those in grade III gliomas (P = 0.001). Gliomas with negative IDH-1 mutations had significantly higher CALR expressions and gliomas with positive IDH-1 mutations showed significantly higher GLP-1 expressions (P = 0.01). A positive correlation between Ki-67 and CALR and a negative correlation between Ki-67 and GLP-1 expressions were observed in grade IV gliomas (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that higher CALR and lower GLP-1 expressions are found in HGGs compared to normal cerebral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Baran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Kayhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevket Evran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arif Ozbek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goktug Akyoldas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nail Demirel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Sonmez
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huriye Serin
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kocak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taksim Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahsan Kemerdere
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Tanriverdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Borsani O, Pietra D, Casetti IC, Vanni D, Riccaboni G, Catricalà S, Grazia B, Boveri E, Arcaini L, Rumi E. Germline MPL mutations may be a rare cause of "triple-negative" thrombocytosis. Exp Hematol 2024; 129:104127. [PMID: 37939832 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary thrombocytosis (HT) is a rare inherited disorder with clinical features resembling those of sporadic essential thrombocythemia. This study included 933 patients with persistent isolated thrombocytosis for whom secondary reactive causes were excluded. Of 933 patients screened, 567 were JAK2-mutated, 255 CALR-mutated, 41 MPL-mutated, 2 double-mutated, and 68 were triple-negative. Two patients carried germline non-canonical mutations in exon 10: MPL W515* and MPL V501A. One triple-negative patient carried another germline non-canonical MPL mutation outside exon 10: MPL R102P. As germline MPL mutations may be underlying causes of HT, we recommend screening patients with triple-negative isolated thrombocytosis for non-canonical MPL mutations. Although clear evidence concerning HT treatment is still lacking, individuals with HT should probably be excluded from cytoreductive treatment. Thus, an accurate diagnosis is pivotal in avoiding unnecessary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Borsani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pietra
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Vanni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Catricalà
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bossi Grazia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Arcaini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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25
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Bharadwaj AG, Okura GC, Woods JW, Allen EA, Miller VA, Kempster E, Hancock MA, Gujar S, Slibinskas R, Waisman DM. Identification and characterization of calreticulin as a novel plasminogen receptor. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105465. [PMID: 37979915 PMCID: PMC10770727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) was originally identified as a key calcium-binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, CRT was shown to possess multiple intracellular functions, including roles in calcium homeostasis and protein folding. Recently, several extracellular functions have been identified for CRT, including roles in cancer cell invasion and phagocytosis of apoptotic and cancer cells by macrophages. In the current report, we uncover a novel function for extracellular CRT and report that CRT functions as a plasminogen-binding receptor that regulates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. We show that human recombinant or bovine tissue-derived CRT dramatically stimulated the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator or urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that CRT-bound plasminogen (KD = 1.8 μM) with moderate affinity. Plasminogen binding and activation by CRT were inhibited by ε-aminocaproic acid, suggesting that an internal lysine residue of CRT interacts with plasminogen. We subsequently show that clinically relevant CRT variants (lacking four or eight lysines in carboxyl-terminal region) exhibited decreased plasminogen activation. Furthermore, CRT-deficient fibroblasts generated 90% less plasmin and CRT-depleted MDA MB 231 cells also demonstrated a significant reduction in plasmin generation. Moreover, treatment of fibroblasts with mitoxantrone dramatically stimulated plasmin generation by WT but not CRT-deficient fibroblasts. Our results suggest that CRT is an important cellular plasminogen regulatory protein. Given that CRT can empower cells with plasmin proteolytic activity, this discovery may provide new mechanistic insight into the established role of CRT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamelu G Bharadwaj
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gillian C Okura
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John W Woods
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Erica A Allen
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Victoria A Miller
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emma Kempster
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mark A Hancock
- McGill SPR-MS Facility, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - David M Waisman
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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26
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Maeyama K, Nagaharu K, Ino K, Sugimoto Y, Tawara I, Kawakami K. [Primary myelofibrosis with double mutation in U2AF1]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2024; 65:30-34. [PMID: 38311386 DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.65.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A 47-year-old woman presented with subcutaneous hemorrhage. Blood tests revealed leukoerythroblastosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy led to a diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis (aaDIPSS, DIPSS-plus: intermediate-II risk). JAK2, CALR, and MPL mutations were not detected in peripheral blood, but targeted sequencing of bone marrow specimens revealed a double mutation (Q157R, S34F) in U2AF1. Allo-PBSCT was performed using an HLA-matched related donor, and post-transplantation bone marrow examination showed complete donor chimerism on day 55. Two years after allogeneic transplantation, the patient remains relapse-free. Although U2AF1 gene abnormality is known as a poor prognostic factor in primary myelofibrosis, this patient had a favorable long-term prognosis due to prompt transplantation therapy. This case highlights the importance of detailed gene mutation analysis in patients with triple-negative MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Maeyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University
- Hematology, Yokkaichi municipal hospital
| | - Keiki Nagaharu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University
- Hematology, Yokkaichi municipal hospital
| | - Kazuko Ino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University
| | - Yuka Sugimoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University
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27
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Pescia C, Lopez G, Cattaneo D, Bucelli C, Gianelli U, Iurlo A. The molecular landscape of myeloproliferative neoplasms associated with splanchnic vein thrombosis: Current perspective. Leuk Res 2024; 136:107420. [PMID: 38016412 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are classically represented by polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. BCR::ABL1-negative MPNs are significantly associated with morbidity and mortality related to an increased risk of thrombo-hemorrhagic events. They show a consistent association with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), either represented by the portal, mesenteric or splenic vein thrombosis, or Budd-Chiari Syndrome. SVT is also a frequent presenting manifestation of MPN. MPNs associated with SVT show a predilection for younger women, high association with JAK2V617F mutation, low JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (generally <10 %), and low rates of CALR, MPL, or JAK2 exon 12 mutations. Next-Generation Sequencing techniques have contributed to deepening our knowledge of the molecular landscape of such cases, with potential diagnostic and prognostic implications. In this narrative review, we analyze the current perspective on the molecular background of MPN associated with SVT, pointing as well future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pescia
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cattaneo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Bucelli
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Gianelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Unit of Anatomic Pathology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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28
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Murton A, Forsyth C, Ross DM, Grigg A. Significant heterogeneity in management of calreticulin-mutated essential thrombocythemia and its progression to myelofibrosis: results of a national survey. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:2018-2025. [PMID: 37574855 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2242992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent publication of calreticulin (CALR)-mutated essential thrombocythemia (ET) management guidelines by the European Leukemia Net (ELN), there remains a paucity of data regarding the optimal way to manage this condition. To determine practice around Australia, we constructed a survey asking investigation and treatment questions in a hypothetical case of a young woman with CALR-mutated ET and subsequent progression to myelofibrosis. 51 of 88 hematologists replied. The responses demonstrated significant heterogeneity in specific issues such as the use of aspirin, when to initiate cytoreduction, the preferred type of cytoreduction, and platelet targets. These observations support the ELN acknowledgment that a strong evidence base for many management recommendations is lacking in this disease, and that substantial further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Murton
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | | | - David M Ross
- Department of Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Grigg
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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29
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Zhu S, Xu K, Li S, Yu X, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Zeng L, Xu K, Fu C. Assessment of intestinal status in MPL W515L mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms mice model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111091. [PMID: 37883814 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The MPLW515L mutation is a prevalent genetic mutation in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and utilizing this mutation in mice model can provide important insights into the disease. However, the relationship between intestinal homeostasis and MPN mice model remains elusive. In this study, we utilized a retroviral vector to transfect hematopoietic stem cells with the MPLW515L mutation, creating mutated MPN mice model to investigate their intestinal status. Our results revealed that the MPLW515L in MPN mice model aggravated inflammation in the intestines, decreased the levels of tight junction proteins and receptors for bacteria metabolites. Additionally, there was increased activation of the caspase1/IL-1β signaling pathway and a significant reduction in phos-p38 levels in the intestinal tissue in MPN mice. The MPLW515L mutation also led to up-expression of anti-microbial genes in the intestinal tract. Though the mutation had no impact on the alpha diversity and dominant bacterial taxa, it did influence the rare bacterial taxa/sub-communities and consequently impacted intestinal homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate the significance of MPLW515L mice model for studying MPN disease and highlight the mutation's influence on intestinal homeostasis, including inflammation, activation of the IL-1β signaling pathway, and the composition of gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Zhu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kairen Xu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangru Yu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qigang Zhang
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunling Fu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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30
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Fang Z, Corbizi Fattori G, McKerrell T, Boucher RH, Jackson A, Fletcher RS, Forte D, Martin JE, Fox S, Roberts J, Glover R, Harris E, Bridges HR, Grassi L, Rodriguez-Meira A, Mead AJ, Knapper S, Ewing J, Butt NM, Jain M, Francis S, Clark FJ, Coppell J, McMullin MF, Wadelin F, Narayanan S, Milojkovic D, Drummond MW, Sekhar M, ElDaly H, Hirst J, Paramor M, Baxter EJ, Godfrey AL, Harrison CN, Méndez-Ferrer S. Tamoxifen for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms: A Phase II clinical trial and exploratory analysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7725. [PMID: 38001082 PMCID: PMC10673935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) improve symptoms but have limited effect on tumor size. In preclinical studies, tamoxifen restored normal apoptosis in mutated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). TAMARIN Phase-II, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial assessed tamoxifen's safety and activity in patients with stable MPNs, no prior thrombotic events and mutated JAK2V617F, CALRins5 or CALRdel52 peripheral blood allele burden ≥20% (EudraCT 2015-005497-38). 38 patients were recruited over 112w and 32 completed 24w-treatment. The study's A'herns success criteria were met as the primary outcome ( ≥ 50% reduction in mutant allele burden at 24w) was observed in 3/38 patients. Secondary outcomes included ≥25% reduction at 24w (5/38), ≥50% reduction at 12w (0/38), thrombotic events (2/38), toxicities, hematological response, proportion of patients in each IWG-MRT response category and ELN response criteria. As exploratory outcomes, baseline analysis of HSPC transcriptome segregates responders and non-responders, suggesting a predictive signature. In responder HSPCs, longitudinal analysis shows high baseline expression of JAK-STAT signaling and oxidative phosphorylation genes, which are downregulated by tamoxifen. We further demonstrate in preclinical studies that in JAK2V617F+ cells, 4-hydroxytamoxifen inhibits mitochondrial complex-I, activates integrated stress response and decreases pathogenic JAK2-signaling. These results warrant further investigation of tamoxifen in MPN, with careful consideration of thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Fang
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giuditta Corbizi Fattori
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas McKerrell
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca H Boucher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aimee Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel S Fletcher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dorian Forte
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose-Ezequiel Martin
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonia Fox
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Roberts
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Glover
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erica Harris
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah R Bridges
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Meira
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam J Mead
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Joanne Ewing
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nauman M Butt
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Fiona J Clark
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hesham ElDaly
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maike Paramor
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Joanna Baxter
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna L Godfrey
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.
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31
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Jutzi JS, Marneth AE, Ciboddo M, et al. Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies N-glycosylation as a genetic and therapeutic vulnerability in CALR-mutant MPNs. Blood. 2022;140(11):1291-1304. Blood 2023; 142:1758. [PMID: 37971758 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
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32
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Wildschut MHE, Mena J, Dördelmann C, van Oostrum M, Hale BD, Settelmeier J, Festl Y, Lysenko V, Schürch PM, Ring A, Severin Y, Bader MS, Pedrioli PGA, Goetze S, van Drogen A, Balabanov S, Skoda RC, Lopes M, Wollscheid B, Theocharides APA, Snijder B. Proteogenetic drug response profiling elucidates targetable vulnerabilities of myelofibrosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6414. [PMID: 37828014 PMCID: PMC10570306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder belonging to the myeloproliferative neoplasms. Myelofibrosis patients frequently carry driver mutations in either JAK2 or Calreticulin (CALR) and have limited therapeutic options. Here, we integrate ex vivo drug response and proteotype analyses across myelofibrosis patient cohorts to discover targetable vulnerabilities and associated therapeutic strategies. Drug sensitivities of mutated and progenitor cells were measured in patient blood using high-content imaging and single-cell deep learning-based analyses. Integration with matched molecular profiling revealed three targetable vulnerabilities. First, CALR mutations drive BET and HDAC inhibitor sensitivity, particularly in the absence of high Ras pathway protein levels. Second, an MCM complex-high proliferative signature corresponds to advanced disease and sensitivity to drugs targeting pro-survival signaling and DNA replication. Third, homozygous CALR mutations result in high endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, responding to ER stressors and unfolded protein response inhibition. Overall, our integrated analyses provide a molecularly motivated roadmap for individualized myelofibrosis patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattheus H E Wildschut
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Mena
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Dördelmann
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc van Oostrum
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Hale
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Settelmeier
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Festl
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Lysenko
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Schürch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Ring
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannik Severin
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael S Bader
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick G A Pedrioli
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ETH PHRT Swiss Multi-Omics Center (SMOC), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Goetze
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ETH PHRT Swiss Multi-Omics Center (SMOC), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Audrey van Drogen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ETH PHRT Swiss Multi-Omics Center (SMOC), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre P A Theocharides
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Berend Snijder
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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33
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Oshiro T, Hamada S, Kiyuna S, Sakiyama H, Hyakuna N, Tamaki T, Muramatsu H, Nakanishi K. Pediatric erythroblastic transformation of JAK2-mutated prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis with concurrent PHF6 mutations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30508. [PMID: 37337098 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Oshiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ryukyus Hospital, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Satoru Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ryukyus Hospital, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Sinobu Kiyuna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ryukyus Hospital, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ryukyus Hospital, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Tamaki
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
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34
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Elgohary S, Eissa RA, El Tayebi HM. Thymoquinone, a Novel Multi-Strike Inhibitor of Pro-Tumorigenic Breast Cancer (BC) Markers: CALR, NLRP3 Pathway and sPD-L1 in PBMCs of HR+ and TNBC Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14254. [PMID: 37762557 PMCID: PMC10531892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is not only a mass of malignant cells but also a systemic inflammatory disease. BC pro-tumorigenic inflammation has been shown to promote immune evasion and provoke BC progression. The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense danger signals such as calreticulin (CALR) from damaged/dying cells, leading to the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). CALR is a novel BC biological marker, and its high levels are associated with advanced tumors. NLRP3 expression is strongly correlated with an elevated proliferative index Ki67, BC progression, metastasis, and recurrence in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and triple-negative BC (TNBC). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) secrete high levels of IL-1β promoting endocrine resistance in HR+ BC. Recently, an immunosuppressive soluble form of programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) has been identified as a novel prognostic biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Interestingly, IL-1β induces sPD-L1 release. BC Patients with elevated IL-1β and sPD-L1 levels show significantly short progression-free survival. For the first time, this study aims to investigate the inhibitory impact of thymoquinone (TQ) on CALR, the NLRP3 pathway and sPD-L1 in HR+ and TNBC. Blood samples were collected from 45 patients with BC. The effect of differing TQ concentrations for different durations on the expression of CALR, NLRP3 complex components and IL-1β as well as the protein levels of sPD-L1 and IL-1β were investigated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TAMs of TNBC and HR+ BC patients, respectively. The findings showed that TQ significantly downregulated the expression of CALR, NLRP3 components and IL-1β together with the protein levels of secreted IL-1β and sPD-L1. The current findings demonstrated novel immunomodulatory effects of TQ, highlighting its potential role not only as an excellent adjuvant but also as a possible immunotherapeutic agent in HR+ and TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Elgohary
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Reda A. Eissa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt;
| | - Hend M. El Tayebi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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Zhang M, Xiao J, Liu J, Bai X, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Liu F. Calreticulin as a marker and therapeutic target for cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1393-1404. [PMID: 36335525 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional protein found within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition, CRT participates in the formation and development of tumors and promotes the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. When a malignant tumor occurs in the human body, cancer cells that die from immunogenic cell death (ICD) expose CRT on their surface, and CRT that is transferred to the cell surface represents an "eat me" signal, which promotes dendritic cells to phagocytose the tumor cells, thereby increasing the sensitivity of tumors to anticancer immunotherapy. Expression of CRT in tumor tissues is higher than in normal tissues and is associated with disease progression in many malignant tumors. Thus, the dysfunctional production of CRT can promote tumorigenesis because it disturbs not only the balance of healthy cells but also the body's immune surveillance. CRT may be a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target for cancer, which is discussed extensively in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangrong Liu
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Xiong Y, Xi X, Xiang Y, Li S, Liu H, Su Y, He R, Xiong C, Xu B, Wang X, Fu L, Zhao C, Han X, Li X, Xie S, Ruan J. CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Cytosine Base Editing Screen for the Functional Assessment of CALR Intron Variants in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13331. [PMID: 37686137 PMCID: PMC10487596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes viral encephalitis in humans, pigs and other mammals across Asia and the Western Pacific. Genetic screening tools such as CRISPR screening, DNA sequencing and RNA interference have greatly improved our understanding of JEV replication and its potential antiviral approaches. However, information on exon and intron mutations associated with JEV replication is still scanty. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated cytosine base editing can efficiently generate C: G-to-T: A conversion in the genome of living cells. One intriguing application of base editing is to screen pivotal variants for gene function that is yet to be achieved in pigs. Here, we illustrate that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated cytosine base editor, known as AncBE4max, can be used for the functional analysis of calreticulin (CALR) variants. We conducted a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated cytosine base editing screen using 457 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) against all exons and introns of CALR to identify loss-of-function variants involved in JEV replication. We unexpectedly uncovered that two enriched sgRNAs targeted the same site in intron-2 of the CALR gene. We found that mutating four consecutive G bases in the intron-2 of the CALR gene to four A bases significantly inhibited JEV replication. Thus, we established a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated cytosine-base-editing point mutation screening technique in pigs. Our results suggest that CRISPR-mediated base editing is a powerful tool for identifying the antiviral functions of variants in the coding and noncoding regions of the CALR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoning Xi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Yue Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Hailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Yinyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Ruigao He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Chong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Bingrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Liangliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaosong Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (X.X.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (C.X.); (B.X.); (X.W.); (L.F.); (C.Z.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Holmström MO, Andersen M, Traynor S, Ahmad SM, Lisle TL, Handlos Grauslund J, Skov V, Kjær L, Ottesen JT, Gjerstorff MF, Hasselbalch HC, Andersen MH. Therapeutic cancer vaccination against mutant calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms induces expansion of specific T cells in the periphery but specific T cells fail to enrich in the bone marrow. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240678. [PMID: 37662956 PMCID: PMC10470021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic cancer vaccination against mutant calreticulin (CALR) in patients with CALR-mutant (CALRmut) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) induces strong T-cell responses against mutant CALR yet fails to demonstrate clinical activity. Infiltration of tumor specific T cells into the tumor microenvironment is needed to attain a clinical response to therapeutic cancer vaccination. Aim Determine if CALRmut specific T cells isolated from vaccinated patients enrich in the bone marrow upon completion of vaccination and explore possible explanations for the lack of enrichment. Methods CALRmut specific T cells from four of ten vaccinated patients were expanded, enriched, and analyzed by T-cell receptor sequencing (TCRSeq). The TCRs identified were used as fingerprints of CALRmut specific T cells. Bone marrow aspirations from the four patients were acquired at baseline and at the end of trial. T cells were enriched from the bone marrow aspirations and analyzed by TCRSeq to identify the presence and fraction of CALRmut specific T cells at the two different time points. In silico calculations were performed to calculate the ratio between transformed cells and effector cells in patients with CALRmut MPN. Results The fraction of CALRmut specific T cells in the bone marrow did not increase upon completion of the vaccination trial. In general, the T cell repertoire in the bone marrow remains relatively constant through the vaccination trial. The enriched and expanded CALRmut specific T cells recognize peripheral blood autologous CALRmut cells. In silico analyses demonstrate a high imbalance in the fraction of CALRmut cells and CALRmut specific effector T-cells in peripheral blood. Conclusion CALRmut specific T cells do not enrich in the bone marrow after therapeutic cancer peptide vaccination against mutant CALR. The specific T cells recognize autologous peripheral blood derived CALRmut cells. In silico analyses demonstrate a high imbalance between the number of transformed cells and CALRmut specific effector T-cells in the periphery. We suggest that the high burden of transformed cells in the periphery compared to the number of effector cells could impact the ability of specific T cells to enrich in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Orebo Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Andersen
- Centre for Mathematical Modeling – Human Health and Disease, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sofie Traynor
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Shamaila Munir Ahmad
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Thomas Landkildehus Lisle
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Handlos Grauslund
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Johnny T. Ottesen
- Centre for Mathematical Modeling – Human Health and Disease, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Morten Frier Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Guijarro-Hernández A, Vizmanos JL. Transcriptomic comparison of bone marrow CD34 + cells and peripheral blood neutrophils from ET patients with JAK2 or CALR mutations. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:40. [PMID: 37550636 PMCID: PMC10408115 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is one of the most common types of Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, an infrequent group of blood cancers that arise from a CD34 + hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in the bone marrow (BM) primarily due to driver mutations in JAK2, CALR or MPL. These aberrations result in an overproduction of mature myeloid cells in peripheral blood (PB). To date, no targeted therapies have been approved for ET patients, so the study of the molecular mechanisms behind the disease and the identification of new therapeutic targets may be of interest. For this reason, in this study, we have compared the transcriptomic profile of undifferentiated CD34 + cells and mature myeloid cells from ET patients (CALR and JAK2-mutated) and healthy donors deposited in publicly available databases. The study of the similarities and differences between these samples might help to better understand the molecular mechanisms behind the disease according to the degree of maturation of the malignant clone and the type of mutation and ultimately help identify new therapeutic targets for these patients. RESULTS The results show that most of the altered hallmarks in neutrophils were also found in CD34 + cells. However, only a few genes showed a similar aberrant expression pattern in both types of cells. We have identified a signature of six genes common to patients with CALR and JAK2 mutations (BPI, CRISP3, LTF, MMP8, and PTGS1 upregulated, and PBXIP1 downregulated), a different signature of seven genes for patients with CALR mutations (BMP6, CEACAM8, ITK, LCN2, and PRG2 upregulated, and MAN1A1 and MME downregulated) and a signature of 13 genes for patients with JAK2 mutations (ARG1, CAST, CD177, CLEC5A, DAPP1, EPS15, IL18RAP, OLFM4, OLR1, RIOK3, SELP, and THBS1 upregulated, and IGHM downregulated). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight transcriptomic similarities and differences in ET patients according to the degree of maturation of the malignant clone and the type of mutation. The genes and processes altered in both CD34 + cells and mature neutrophils may reveal altered sustained processes that could be studied as future therapeutic targets for ET patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guijarro-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Castellanos JP, Genereux JC. Calreticulin surface presentation: a signal for natural killer cells to attack. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:289. [PMID: 37544934 PMCID: PMC10404582 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph C Genereux
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Kabanovski A, Donaldson L, Koushan K, Margolin E. CALRETICULIN MUTATION ASSOCIATED WITH BILATERAL CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION IN A YOUNG WOMAN. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2023; 17:389-391. [PMID: 34652304 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is rare and is usually associated with an underlying systemic illness such as hypercoagulable state or systemic inflammatory disease. We present a case of bilateral CRVO in a young patent who was found to have a mutation in the calreticulin gene, which was presumed to be the culprit. METHODS Case report. RESULTS We report a 24-year-old woman with bilateral CRVO. Hypercoagulability work-up was positive for in-frame deletion in exon 9 of the calreticulin gene. CONCLUSION We suggest that all young patients presenting with CRVO or any patient with bilateral CRVO have genetic testing for a limited set of known, prothrombotic mutations including the recently identified calreticulin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kabanovski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Donaldson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; and
| | - Keyvan Koushan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; and
| | - Edward Margolin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; and
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Giraldo-Rincón AI, Naranjo Molina S, Gomez-Lopera N, Aguirre Acevedo D, Ucroz Benavidez A, Gálvez Cárdenas K, Cuellar Ambrosí F, Torres JD, Ospina S, Palacio K, Gaviria Jaramillo L, Muñeton CM, Vasquez Palacio G. JAK2, CALR, and MPL Mutation Profiles in Colombian patients with BCR-ABL Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Colomb Med (Cali) 2023; 54:e2035353. [PMID: 38111518 PMCID: PMC10726695 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v54i3.5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) not associated with BCR-ABL mutations are polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, and essential thrombocythemia. These diseases are caused by mutations in genes, such as the JAK2, MPL, and CALR genes, which participate in regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Objective This study aimed to establish the frequencies of mutations in the JAK2, MPL, and CALR genes in a group of Colombian patients with a negative clinical diagnosis of BCR-ABL chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Methods The JAK2 V617F and MPL W515K mutations and deletions or insertions in exon 9 of the CALR gene were analyzed in 52 Colombian patients with polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, and essential thrombocythemia. Results The JAK2V617F mutation was carried by 51.9% of the patients, the CALR mutation by 23%, and the MPL mutation by 3.8%; 23% were triple-negative for the mutations analyzed. In these neoplasms, 6 mutation types in CALR were identified, one of which has not been previously reported. Additionally, one patient presented a double mutation in both the CALR and JAK2 genes. Regarding the hematological results for the mutations, significant differences were found in the hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, and platelet count among the three neoplasms. Conclusion Thus, this study demonstrates the importance of the molecular characterization of the JAK2, CALR and MPL mutations in Colombian patients (the genetic context of which remains unclear in the abovementioned neoplasms) to achieve an accurate diagnosis, a good prognosis, adequate management, and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Naranjo Molina
- Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Genética Médica, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia Gomez-Lopera
- Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Genética Médica, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Andrea Ucroz Benavidez
- Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Genética Médica, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Sigifredo Ospina
- Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Katherine Palacio
- Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Genética Médica, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Mario Muñeton
- Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Genética Médica, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Vasquez Palacio
- Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Genética Médica, Medellín, Colombia
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Wang YH, Chen YJ, Lai YH, Wang MC, Chen YY, Wu YY, Yang YR, Tsou HY, Li CP, Hsu CC, Huang CE, Chen CC. Mutation-Driven S100A8 Overexpression Confers Aberrant Phenotypes in Type 1 CALR-Mutated MPN. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8747. [PMID: 37240094 PMCID: PMC10217897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogenic CALR exon 9 mutations have been identified in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), with type 1 (52bp deletion; CALRDEL) and type 2 (5bp insertion; CALRINS) being the most prevalent. Despite the universal pathobiology of MPN driven by various CALR mutants, it is unclear why different CALR mutations result in diverse clinical phenotypes. Through RNA sequencing followed by validation at the protein and mRNA levels, we found that S100A8 was specifically enriched in CALRDEL but not in CALRINS MPN-model cells. The expression of S100a8 could be regulated by STAT3 based on luciferase reporter assay complemented with inhibitor treatment. Pyrosequencing demonstrated relative hypomethylation in two CpG sites within the potential pSTAT3-targeting S100a8 promoter region in CALRDEL cells as compared to CALRINS cells, suggesting that distinct epigenetic alteration could factor into the divergent S100A8 levels in these cells. The functional analysis confirmed that S100A8 non-redundantly contributed to accelerated cellular proliferation and reduced apoptosis in CALRDEL cells. Clinical validation showed significantly enhanced S100A8 expression in CALRDEL-mutated MPN patients compared to CALRINS-mutated cases, and thrombocytosis was less prominent in those with S100A8 upregulation. This study provides indispensable insights into how different CALR mutations discrepantly drive the expression of specific genes that contributes to unique phenotypes in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsuan Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Yi-Hua Lai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Ming-Chung Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Yang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Yu-Ying Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Yao-Ren Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Hsing-Yi Tsou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chian-Pei Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Cih-En Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.); (H.-Y.T.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-C.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Ivanov D, Milosevic Feenstra JD, Sadovnik I, Herrmann H, Peter B, Willmann M, Greiner G, Slavnitsch K, Hadzijusufovic E, Rülicke T, Dahlhoff M, Hoermann G, Machherndl‐Spandl S, Eisenwort G, Fillitz M, Sliwa T, Krauth M, Bettelheim P, Sperr WR, Koller E, Pfeilstöcker M, Gisslinger H, Keil F, Kralovics R, Valent P. Phenotypic characterization of disease-initiating stem cells in JAK2- or CALR-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:770-783. [PMID: 36814396 PMCID: PMC10952374 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are characterized by uncontrolled expansion of myeloid cells, disease-related mutations in certain driver-genes including JAK2, CALR, and MPL, and a substantial risk to progress to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Although behaving as stem cell neoplasms, little is known about disease-initiating stem cells in MPN. We established the phenotype of putative CD34+ /CD38- stem cells and CD34+ /CD38+ progenitor cells in MPN. A total of 111 patients with MPN suffering from polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, or primary myelofibrosis (PMF) were examined. In almost all patients tested, CD34+ /CD38- stem cells expressed CD33, CD44, CD47, CD52, CD97, CD99, CD105, CD117, CD123, CD133, CD184, CD243, and CD274 (PD-L1). In patients with PMF, MPN stem cells often expressed CD25 and sometimes also CD26 in an aberrant manner. MPN stem cells did not exhibit substantial amounts of CD90, CD273 (PD-L2), CD279 (PD-1), CD366 (TIM-3), CD371 (CLL-1), or IL-1RAP. The phenotype of CD34+ /CD38- stem cells did not change profoundly during progression to sAML. The disease-initiating capacity of putative MPN stem cells was confirmed in NSGS mice. Whereas CD34+ /CD38- MPN cells engrafted in NSGS mice, no substantial engraftment was produced by CD34+ /CD38+ or CD34- cells. The JAK2-targeting drug fedratinib and the BRD4 degrader dBET6 induced apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in MPN stem cells. Together, MPN stem cells display a unique phenotype, including cytokine receptors, immune checkpoint molecules, and other clinically relevant target antigens. Phenotypic characterization of neoplastic stem cells in MPN and sAML should facilitate their enrichment and the development of stem cell-eradicating (curative) therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ivanov
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Radiation OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department for Companion Animals, Clinical Unit for Internal MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ihr Labor, Medical Diagnostic LaboratoriesViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Slavnitsch
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro ModelsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department for Companion Animals, Clinical Unit for Internal MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro ModelsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- MLL Munich Leukemia LaboratoryMunichGermany
| | - Sigrid Machherndl‐Spandl
- Hospital Ordensklinikum Elisabethinen LinzLinzAustria
- Johannes Kepler University, Medical FacultyLinzAustria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Third Medical Department for Hematology and OncologyHanusch Hospital ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Fillitz
- Third Medical Department for Hematology and OncologyHanusch Hospital ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thamer Sliwa
- Third Medical Department for Hematology and OncologyHanusch Hospital ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maria‐Theresa Krauth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Wolfgang R. Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Elisabeth Koller
- Third Medical Department for Hematology and OncologyHanusch Hospital ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Pfeilstöcker
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Third Medical Department for Hematology and OncologyHanusch Hospital ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Heinz Gisslinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Felix Keil
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Third Medical Department for Hematology and OncologyHanusch Hospital ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Robert Kralovics
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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44
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Luque Paz D, Kralovics R, Skoda RC. Genetic basis and molecular profiling in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2023; 141:1909-1921. [PMID: 36347013 PMCID: PMC10646774 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal diseases originating from a single hematopoietic stem cell that cause excessive production of mature blood cells. The 3 subtypes, that is, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), are diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and international consensus classification (ICC) criteria. Acquired gain-of-function mutations in 1 of 3 disease driver genes (JAK2, CALR, and MPL) are the causative events that can alone initiate and promote MPN disease without requiring additional cooperating mutations. JAK2-p.V617F is present in >95% of PV patients, and also in about half of the patients with ET or PMF. ET and PMF are also caused by mutations in CALR or MPL. In ∼10% of MPN patients, those referred to as being "triple negative," none of the known driver gene mutations can be detected. The common theme between the 3 driver gene mutations and triple-negative MPN is that the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is constitutively activated. We review the recent advances in our understanding of the early events after the acquisition of a driver gene mutation. The limiting factor that determines the frequency at which MPN disease develops with a long latency is not the acquisition of driver gene mutations, but rather the expansion of the clone. Factors that control the conversion from clonal hematopoiesis to MPN disease include inherited predisposition, presence of additional mutations, and inflammation. The full extent of knowledge of the mutational landscape in individual MPN patients is now increasingly being used to predict outcome and chose the optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Luque Paz
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Angers, France
| | - Robert Kralovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Radek C. Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Desikan H, Kaur A, Pogozheva ID, Raghavan M. Effects of calreticulin mutations on cell transformation and immunity. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1032-1044. [PMID: 36916035 PMCID: PMC10098294 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are cancers involving dysregulated production and function of myeloid lineage hematopoietic cells. Among MPNs, Essential thrombocythemia (ET), Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Myelofibrosis (MF), are driven by mutations that activate the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Somatic mutations of calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized lectin chaperone, are driver mutations in approximately 25% of ET and 35% of MF patients. The MPN-linked mutant CRT proteins have novel frameshifted carboxy-domain sequences and lack an ER retention motif, resulting in their secretion. Wild type CRT is a regulator of ER calcium homeostasis and plays a key role in the assembly of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are the ligands for antigen receptors of CD8+ T cells. Mutant CRT-linked oncogenesis results from the dysregulation of calcium signalling in cells and the formation of stable complexes of mutant CRT with myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL) protein, followed by downstream activation of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. The intricate participation of CRT in ER protein folding, calcium homeostasis and immunity suggests the involvement of multiple mechanisms of mutant CRT-linked oncogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent findings related to the role of MPN-linked CRT mutations in the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, MPL activation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Desikan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Irina D. Pogozheva
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCollege of Pharmacy, University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Pecquet C, Papadopoulos N, Balligand T, Chachoua I, Tisserand A, Vertenoeil G, Nédélec A, Vertommen D, Roy A, Marty C, Nivarthi H, Defour JP, El-Khoury M, Hug E, Majoros A, Xu E, Zagrijtschuk O, Fertig TE, Marta DS, Gisslinger H, Gisslinger B, Schalling M, Casetti I, Rumi E, Pietra D, Cavalloni C, Arcaini L, Cazzola M, Komatsu N, Kihara Y, Sunami Y, Edahiro Y, Araki M, Lesyk R, Buxhofer-Ausch V, Heibl S, Pasquier F, Havelange V, Plo I, Vainchenker W, Kralovics R, Constantinescu SN. Secreted mutant calreticulins as rogue cytokines in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2023; 141:917-929. [PMID: 36356299 PMCID: PMC10651872 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant calreticulin (CALR) proteins resulting from a -1/+2 frameshifting mutation of the CALR exon 9 carry a novel C-terminal amino acid sequence and drive the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Mutant CALRs were shown to interact with and activate the thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR/MPL) in the same cell. We report that mutant CALR proteins are secreted and can be found in patient plasma at levels up to 160 ng/mL, with a mean of 25.64 ng/mL. Plasma mutant CALR is found in complex with soluble transferrin receptor 1 (sTFR1) that acts as a carrier protein and increases mutant CALR half-life. Recombinant mutant CALR proteins bound and activated the TpoR in cell lines and primary megakaryocytic progenitors from patients with mutated CALR in which they drive thrombopoietin-independent colony formation. Importantly, the CALR-sTFR1 complex remains functional for TpoR activation. By bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay, we show that mutant CALR proteins produced in 1 cell can specifically interact in trans with the TpoR on a target cell. In comparison with cells that only carry TpoR, cells that carry both TpoR and mutant CALR are hypersensitive to exogenous mutant CALR proteins and respond to levels of mutant CALR proteins similar to those in patient plasma. This is consistent with CALR-mutated cells that expose TpoR carrying immature N-linked sugars at the cell surface. Thus, secreted mutant CALR proteins will act more specifically on the MPN clone. In conclusion, a chaperone, CALR, can turn into a rogue cytokine through somatic mutation of its encoding gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pecquet
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Balligand
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilyas Chachoua
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Amandine Tisserand
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gaëlle Vertenoeil
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Nédélec
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anita Roy
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Harini Nivarthi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Philippe Defour
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mira El-Khoury
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eva Hug
- MyeloPro Diagnostics and Research GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Erica Xu
- MyeloPro Diagnostics and Research GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Daciana S. Marta
- Ultrastructural Pathology Lab and Bioimaging, Institute of Pathology Victor Babeș, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Heinz Gisslinger
- Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Gisslinger
- Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schalling
- Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilaria Casetti
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pietra
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavalloni
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Arcaini
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kihara
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sunami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Edahiro
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marito Araki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch
- Department of Internal Medicine I with Hematology, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Stem Cell Transplantation Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Sonja Heibl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Florence Pasquier
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Violaine Havelange
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Robert Kralovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan N. Constantinescu
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Huang YW, Sun CI, Hu CC, Tsai CH, Meng M, Lin NS, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Hsu YH. A viral movement protein co-opts endoplasmic reticulum luminal-binding protein and calreticulin to promote intracellular movement. Plant Physiol 2023; 191:904-924. [PMID: 36459587 PMCID: PMC9922411 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular movement is an important step for the initial spread of virus in plants during infection. This process requires virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs) and their interaction with host factors. Despite the large number of known host factors involved in the movement of different viruses, little is known about host proteins that interact with one of the MPs encoded by potexviruses, the triple-gene-block protein 3 (TGBp3). The main obstacle lies in the relatively low expression level of potexviral TGBp3 in hosts and the weak or transient nature of interactions. Here, we used TurboID-based proximity labeling to identify the network of proteins directly or indirectly interacting with the TGBp3 of a potexvirus, Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal-binding protein 4 and calreticulin 3 of Nicotiana benthamiana (NbBiP4 and NbCRT3, respectively) associated with the functional TGBp3-containing BaMV movement complexes, but not the movement-defective mutant, TGBp3M. Fluorescent microscopy revealed that TGBp3 colocalizes with NbBiP4 or NbCRT3 and the complexes move together along ER networks to cell periphery in N. benthamiana. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that NbBiP4 or NbCRT3 is required for the efficient spread and accumulation of BaMV in infected leaves. In addition, overexpression of NbBiP4 or NbCRT3 enhanced the targeting of BaMV TGBp1 to plasmodesmata (PD), indicating that NbBiP4 and NbCRT3 interact with TGBp3 to promote the intracellular transport of virion cargo to PD that facilitates virus cell-to-cell movement. Our findings revealed additional roles for NbBiP4 and NbCRT3 in BaMV intracellular movement through ER networks or ER-derived vesicles to PD, which enhances the spread of BaMV in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chu-I Sun
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Menghsiao Meng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and The Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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48
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Hassan EM, McWhirter S, Walker GC, Martinez-Rubi Y, Zou S. Elimination of Cancer Cells in Co-Culture: Role of Different Nanocarriers in Regulation of CD47 and Calreticulin-Induced Phagocytosis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:3791-3803. [PMID: 36632842 PMCID: PMC9880957 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Under healthy conditions, pro- and anti-phagocytic signals are balanced. Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) is believed to act as an anti-phagocytic marker that is highly expressed on multiple types of human cancer cells including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and lung and liver carcinomas, allowing them to escape phagocytosis by macrophages. Downregulating CD47 on cancer cells discloses calreticulin (CRT) to macrophages and recovers their phagocytic activity. Herein, we postulate that using a modified graphene oxide (GO) carrier to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) CD47 (CD47_siRNA) in AML, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells in co-culture in vitro will silence CD47 and flag cancer cells for CRT-mediated phagocytosis. Results showed a high knockdown efficiency of CD47 and a significant increase in CRT levels simultaneously by using GO formulation as carriers in all used cancer cell lines. The presence of CRT on cancer cells was significantly higher than levels before knockdown of CD47 and was required to achieve phagocytosis in co-culture with human macrophages. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and modified boron nitride nanotubes (BNPs) were used to carry CD47_siRNA, and the knockdown efficiency values of CD47 were compared in three cancer cells in co-culture, with an achieved knockdown efficiency of >95% using LNPs as carriers. Interestingly, the high efficiency of CD47 knockdown was obtained by using the LNPs and BNP carriers; however, an increase in CRT levels on cancer cells was not required for phagocytosis to happen in co-culture with human macrophages, indicating other pathways' involvement in the phagocytosis process. These findings highlight the roles of 2D (graphene oxide), 1D (boron nitride nanotube), and "0D" (lipid nanoparticle) carriers for the delivery of siRNA to eliminate cancer cells in co-culture, likely through different phagocytosis pathways in multiple types of human cancer cells. Moreover, these results provide an explanation of immune therapies that target CD47 and the potential use of these carriers in screening drugs for such therapies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. Hassan
- Metrology
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, OntarioK1A0R6, Canada
| | - Samantha McWhirter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, OntarioM5S3H6, Canada
| | - Gilbert C. Walker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, OntarioM5S3H6, Canada
| | - Yadienka Martinez-Rubi
- Security
and Disruptive Technologies, National Research
Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, OntarioK1A0R6, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, OntarioK1A0R6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, OntarioK1S5B6, Canada
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49
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Guijarro-Hernández A, Eder-Azanza L, Hurtado C, Navarro-Herrera D, Ezcurra B, Novo FJ, Cabello J, Vizmanos JL. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals JAK2/MPL-Independent Effects of Calreticulin Mutations in a C. elegans Model. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010186. [PMID: 36611979 PMCID: PMC9818371 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are disorders in which multiple molecular mechanisms are significantly disturbed. Since their discovery, CALR driver mutations have been demonstrated to trigger pathogenic mechanisms apart from the well-documented activation of JAK2/MPL-related pathways, but the lack of experimental models harboring CALR mutations in a JAK2/MPL knockout background has hindered the research on these non-canonical mechanisms. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was performed to introduce homozygous patient-like calreticulin mutations in a C. elegans model that naturally lacks JAK2 and MPL orthologs. Whole-genome transcriptomic analysis of these worms was conducted, and some of the genes identified to be associated with processes involved in the pathogenesis of MPNs were further validated by qPCR. Some of the transcriptomic alterations corresponded to typically altered genes and processes in cancer and Ph-negative MPN patients that are known to be triggered by mutant calreticulin without the intervention of JAK2/MPL. However, interestingly, we have also found altered other processes described in these diseases that had not been directly attributed to calreticulin mutations without the intervention of JAK2 or MPL. Thus, these results point to a new experimental model for the study of the JAK2/MPL-independent mechanisms of mutant calreticulin that induce these biological alterations, which could be useful to study unknown non-canonical effects of the mutant protein. The comparison with a calreticulin null strain revealed that the alteration of all of these processes seems to be a consequence of a loss of function of mutant calreticulin in the worm, except for the dysregulation of Hedgehog signaling and flh-3. Further analysis of this model could help to delineate these mechanisms, and the verification of these results in mammalian models may unravel new potential therapeutic targets in MPNs. As far as we know, this is the first time that a C. elegans strain with patient-like mutations is proposed as a potential model for leukemia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guijarro-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Eder-Azanza
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hurtado
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Navarro-Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Begoña Ezcurra
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Novo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Cabello
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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50
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Krzysztof L, Agata K, Zuzanna K, Sankowski B, Machnicki M, Marta B, Kinga G, Tadeusz K, Anna P, Łucja P, Grzegorz D, Piotr K, Tomasz S. HRAS mutation positive multiple myeloma in the type 2 CALR mutation positive essential thrombocythemia: A case report. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:299-303. [PMID: 36606310 PMCID: PMC9843526 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Out of BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPNPh- ) patients, 3%-14% display a concomitant monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). In most cases, the diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasia is either synchronous with that of MPNPh- or occurs later on. We present a 50-year-old patient with type 2 CALR Lys385Asnfs*47 mutation positive essential thrombocythemia (ET) who developed symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) 13 years after the diagnosis of ET during PEG-INF2α treatment. The NGS study performed at the time of the MM diagnosis revealed the HRAS Val14Gly/c.41T〉G mutation and the wild type CALR, JAK2 and MPL gene sequence. In the presented case, the complete molecular remission of ET was achieved after 16 months of PEG-INF2α treatment. The origin of MM cells in MPNPh- patients remains unknown. Published data suggests that type 2 CALRins5 up-regulate the ATF6 chaperone targets in hematopoietic cells and activate the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-X-box-binding protein 1 pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) system to drive malignancy. It cannot be excluded that endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by the increased ATF6 resulted in an abnormal redox homeostasis and proteostasis, which are factors linked to MM. The presented case history and the proposed mechanism of mutant CALR interaction with UPR and/or ATF6 should initiate the discussion about the possible impact of the mutant CALR protein on the function and genomic stability of different types of myeloid cells, including progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewandowski Krzysztof
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Kopydłowska Agata
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Kanduła Zuzanna
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sankowski
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Marcin Machnicki
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Barańska Marta
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Gwóźdź‐Bąk Kinga
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Kubicki Tadeusz
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | | | - Przysiecka Łucja
- NanoBioMedical CentreAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Dworacki Grzegorz
- Department of Clinical PathologyPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Kozłowski Piotr
- Laboratory of GenomicsInstitute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Stokłosa Tomasz
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
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