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Wen Y, Chen YQ, Konrad RJ. Angiopoietin-like protein 8: a multifaceted protein instrumental in regulating triglyceride metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:58-65. [PMID: 37962908 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) proteins ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 are critical lipoprotein lipase (LPL) inhibitors. This review discusses the unique ability of the insulin-responsive protein ANGPTL8 to regulate triglyceride (TG) metabolism by forming ANGPTL3/8 and ANGPTL4/8 complexes that control tissue-specific LPL activities. RECENT FINDINGS After feeding, ANGPTL4/8 acts locally in adipose tissue, has decreased LPL-inhibitory activity compared to ANGPTL4, and binds tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen to generate plasmin, which cleaves ANGPTL4/8 and other LPL inhibitors. This enables LPL to be fully active postprandially to promote efficient fatty acid (FA) uptake and minimize ectopic fat deposition. In contrast, liver-derived ANGPTL3/8 acts in an endocrine manner, has markedly increased LPL-inhibitory activity compared to ANGPTL3, and potently inhibits LPL in oxidative tissues to direct TG toward adipose tissue for storage. Circulating ANGPTL3/8 levels are strongly correlated with serum TG, and the ANGPTL3/8 LPL-inhibitory epitope is blocked by the TG-lowering protein apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5). SUMMARY ANGPTL8 plays a crucial role in TG metabolism by forming ANGPTL3/8 and ANGPTL4/8 complexes that differentially modulate LPL activities in oxidative and adipose tissues respectively. Selective ANGPTL8 inhibition in the context of the ANGPTL3/8 complex has the potential to be a promising strategy for treating dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Banerjee S, Mahesh Y, Prabhu D, Sekar K, Sen P. Identification of potent anti-fibrinolytic compounds against plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator employing in silico approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3204-3222. [PMID: 37216286 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2213343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The zymogen protease Plasminogen (Plg) and its active form plasmin (Plm) carry out important functions in the blood clot disintegration (breakdown of fibrin fibers) process. Inhibition of plasmin effectively reduces fibrinolysis to circumvent heavy bleeding. Currently, available Plm inhibitor tranexamic acid (TXA) used for treating severe hemorrhages is associated with an increased incidence of seizures which in turn were traced to gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonistic activity (GABAa) in addition to having multiple side effects. Fibrinolysis can be suppressed by targeting the three important protein domains: the kringle-2 domain of tissue plasminogen activator, the kringle-1 domain of plasminogen, and the serine protease domain of plasminogen. In the present study, one million molecules were screened from the ZINC database. These ligands were docked to their respective protein targets using Autodock Vina, Schrödinger Glide, and ParDOCK/BAPPL+. Thereafter, the drug-likeness properties of the ligands were evaluated using Discovery Studio 3.5. Subsequently, we subjected the protein-ligand complexes to molecular dynamics simulation of 200 ns in GROMACS. The identified ligands P76(ZINC09970930), C97(ZINC14888376), and U97(ZINC11839443) for each protein target are found to impart higher stability and greater compactness to the protein-ligand complexes. Principal component analysis (PCA) implicates, that the identified ligands occupy smaller phase space, form stable clusters, and provide greater rigidity to the protein-ligand complexes. Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) analysis reveals that P76, C97, and U97 exhibit better binding free energy (ΔG) when compared to that of the standard ligands. Thus, our findings can be useful for the development of promising anti-fibrinolytic agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Banerjee
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Yeshwanth Mahesh
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhamodharan Prabhu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Sekar
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Tsuchida T, Hayakawa M, Kumano O. Comparison of results obtained using clot-fibrinolysis waveform analysis and global fibrinolysis capacity assay with rotational thromboelastography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7602. [PMID: 38556522 PMCID: PMC10982290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Global fibrinolysis assays detect the fibrinolysis time of clot dissolution using tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Two such assays, clot-fibrinolysis waveform analysis (CFWA) and global fibrinolysis capacity (GFC) assay, were recently developed. These were compared with rotational thromboelastography (ROTEM). Healthy donor blood samples were divided into four groups based on tPA-spiked concentrations: 0, 100, 500, and 1000 ng/mL. CFWA and GFC fibrinolysis times, including 4.1 µg/mL and 100 ng/mL tPA in the assays, were determined, denoted as CFWA-Lys and GFC-Lys, respectively. Statistical differences were recognized between tPA concentrations of 0 and 500/1000 ng/mL for CFWA-Lys, and 0 and 100/500/1000 ng/mL for GFC-Lys. The correlation coefficients with lysis onset time (LOT) of extrinsic pathway evaluation and intrinsic pathway evaluation in ROTEM were statistically significant at 0.610 and 0.590 for CFWA-Lys, and 0.939 and 0.928 for GFC-Lys, respectively (p-values < 0.0001 for all correlations). Both assays showed significant correlations with ROTEM; however, the GFC assay proved to have better agreement with ROTEM compared with the CFWA assay. These assays have the potential to reflect a hyperfibrinolysis status with high tPA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tsuchida
- Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineji Hayakawa
- Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Osamu Kumano
- Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
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4
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Yepes M. Fibrinolytic and Non-fibrinolytic Roles of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator in the Ischemic Brain. Neuroscience 2024; 542:69-80. [PMID: 37574107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is assembled by endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, and encased by a basement membrane (BM) surveilled by microglia and surrounded by perivascular astrocytes (PVA), which in turn are in contact with synapses. Cerebral ischemia induces the rapid release of the serine proteinase tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) from endothelial cells, perivascular astrocytes, microglia and neurons. Owning to its ability to catalyze the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin, in the intravascular space tPA functions as a fibrinolytic enzyme. In contrast, the release of astrocytic, microglial and neuronal tPA have a plethora of effects that not always require the generation of plasmin. In the ischemic brain tPA increases the permeability of the NVU, induces microglial activation, participates in the recycling of glutamate, and has various effects on neuronal survival. These effects are mediated by different receptors, notably subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1). Here we review data on the role of tPA in the NVU under non-ischemic and ischemic conditions, and analyze how this knowledge may lead to the development of potential strategies for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Yepes
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Bannish BE, Paynter B, Risman RA, Shroff M, Tutwiler V. The effect of plasmin-mediated degradation on fibrinolysis and tissue plasminogen activator diffusion. Biophys J 2024; 123:610-621. [PMID: 38356261 PMCID: PMC10938117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We modify a three-dimensional multiscale model of fibrinolysis to study the effect of plasmin-mediated degradation of fibrin on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) diffusion and fibrinolysis. We propose that tPA is released from a fibrin fiber by simple kinetic unbinding, as well as by "forced unbinding," which occurs when plasmin degrades fibrin to which tPA is bound. We show that, if tPA is bound to a small-enough piece of fibrin that it can diffuse into the clot, then plasmin can increase the effective diffusion of tPA. If tPA is bound to larger fibrin degradation products (FDPs) that can only diffuse along the clot, then plasmin can decrease the effective diffusion of tPA. We find that lysis rates are fastest when tPA is bound to fibrin that can diffuse into the clot, and slowest when tPA is bound to FDPs that can only diffuse along the clot. Laboratory experiments confirm that FDPs can diffuse into a clot, and they support the model hypothesis that forced unbinding of tPA results in a mix of FDPs, such that tPA bound to FDPs can diffuse both into and along the clot. Regardless of how tPA is released from a fiber, a tPA mutant with a smaller dissociation constant results in slower lysis (because tPA binds strongly to fibrin), and a tPA mutant with a larger dissociation constant results in faster lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Bannish
- University of Central Oklahoma, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Edmond, Oklahoma.
| | - Bradley Paynter
- University of Central Oklahoma, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - Rebecca A Risman
- Rutgers University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mitali Shroff
- Rutgers University, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Valerie Tutwiler
- Rutgers University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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Furon J, Lebrun F, Yétim M, Levard D, Marie P, Orset C, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Vivien D, Ali C. Parabiosis Discriminates the Circulating, Endothelial, and Parenchymal Contributions of Endogenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator to Stroke. Stroke 2024; 55:747-756. [PMID: 38288607 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous injection of alteplase, a recombinant tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) as a thrombolytic agent has revolutionized ischemic stroke management. However, tPA is a more complex enzyme than expected, being for instance able to promote thrombolysis, but at the same time, also able to influence neuronal survival and to affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Accordingly, the respective impact of endogenous tPA expressed/present in the brain parenchyma versus in the circulation during stroke remains debated. METHODS To address this issue, we used mice with constitutive deletion of tPA (tPANull [tPA-deficient mice]) or conditional deletion of endothelial tPA (VECad [vascular endothelial-Cadherin-Cre-recombinase]-Cre∆tPA). We also developed parabioses between tPANull and wild-type mice (tPAWT), anticipating that a tPAWT donor would restore levels of tPA to normal ones, in the circulation but not in the brain parenchyma of a tPANull recipient. Stroke outcomes were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging in a thrombo-embolic or a thrombotic stroke model, induced by local thrombin injection or FeCl3 application on the endothelium, respectively. RESULTS First, our data show that endothelial tPA, released into the circulation after stroke onset, plays an overall beneficial role following thrombo-embolic stroke. Accordingly, after 24 hours, tPANull/tPANull parabionts displayed less spontaneous recanalization and reperfusion and larger infarcts compared with tPAWT/tPAWT littermates. However, when associated to tPAWT littermates, tPANull mice had similar perfusion deficits, but less severe brain infarcts. In the thrombotic stroke model, homo- and hetero-typic parabionts did not differ in the extent of brain damages and did not differentially recanalize and reperfuse. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data reveal that during thromboembolic stroke, endogenous circulating tPA from endothelial cells sustains a spontaneous recanalization and reperfusion of the tissue, thus, limiting the extension of ischemic lesions. In this context, the impact of endogenous parenchymal tPA is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathane Furon
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Florent Lebrun
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Mervé Yétim
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Damien Levard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), France (D.V.)
| | - Pauline Marie
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Cyrille Orset
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Groupement d'Intérêt Public (GIP) Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France (J.F., F.L., M.Y., D.L., P.M., C.O., S.M.d.L., D.V., C.A.)
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Khassafi N, Azami Tameh A, Mirzaei H, Rafat A, Barati S, Khassafi N, Vahidinia Z. Crosstalk between Nrf2 signaling pathway and inflammation in ischemic stroke: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114655. [PMID: 38110142 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the major causes of long-term disability and mortality is ischemic stroke that enjoys limited treatment approaches. On the one hand, oxidative stress, induced by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a critical role in post-stroke inflammatory response. Increased ROS generation is one of the basic factors in the progression of stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Moreover, intravenous (IV) thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) as the only medication approved for patients with acute ischemic stroke who suffer from some clinical restrictions it could not cover the complicated episodes that happen after stroke. Thus, identifying novel therapeutic targets is crucial for successful preparation of new medicines. Recent evidence indicates that the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) contributes significantly to regulating the antioxidant production in cytosol, which causes antiinflammatory effects on neurons. New findings have shown a relationship between activation of the Nrf2 and glial cells, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling, and expression of inflammatory markers, suggesting induction of Nrf2 activation can represent a promising therapeutic alternative as the modulators of Nrf2 dependent pathways for targeting inflammatory responses in neural tissue. Hence, this review addresses the relationship of Nrf2 signaling with inflammation and Nrf2 activators' potential as therapeutic agents. This review helps to improve required knowledge for focused therapy and the creation of modern and improved treatment choices for patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Khassafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Negin Khassafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Ahmad M, Haffner-Luntzer M, Schoppa A, Najafova Z, Lukic T, Yorgan TA, Amling M, Schinke T, Ignatius A. Mechanical induction of osteoanabolic Wnt1 promotes osteoblast differentiation via Plat. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23489. [PMID: 38407813 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301424rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity-induced mechanical stimuli play a crucial role in preserving bone mass and structure by promoting bone formation. While the Wnt pathway is pivotal for mediating the osteoblast response to loading, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that mechanical stimulation induces osteoblastic Wnt1 expression, resulting in an upregulation of key osteogenic marker genes, including Runx2 and Sp7, while Wnt1 knockdown using siRNA prevented these effects. RNAseq analysis identified Plat as a major target through which Wnt1 exerts its osteogenic influence. This was corroborated by Plat depletion using siRNA, confirming its positive role in osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, we demonstrated that mechanical stimulation enhances Plat expression, which, in turn leads to increased expression of osteogenic markers like Runx2 and Sp7. Notably, Plat depletion by siRNA prevented this effect. We have established that Wnt1 regulates Plat expression by activating β-Catenin. Silencing Wnt1 impairs mechanically induced β-Catenin activation, subsequently reducing Plat expression. Furthermore, our findings showed that Wnt1 is essential for osteoblasts to respond to mechanical stimulation and induce Runx2 and Sp7 expression, in part through the Wnt1/β-Catenin/Plat signaling pathway. Additionally, we observed significantly reduced Wnt1 and Plat expression in bones from ovariectomy (OVX)-induced and age-related osteoporotic mouse models compared with non-OVX and young mice, respectively. Overall, our data suggested that Wnt1 and Plat play significant roles in mechanically induced osteogenesis. Their decreased expression in bones from OVX and aged mice highlights their potential involvement in post-menopausal and age-related osteoporosis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Teodora Lukic
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Risman RA, Paynter B, Percoco V, Shroff M, Bannish BE, Tutwiler V. Internal fibrinolysis of fibrin clots is driven by pore expansion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2623. [PMID: 38297113 PMCID: PMC10830469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood clots, which are composed of blood cells and a stabilizing mesh of fibrin fibers, are critical in cessation of bleeding following injury. However, their action is transient and after performing their physiological function they must be resolved through a process known as fibrinolysis. Internal fibrinolysis is the degradation of fibrin by the endogenous or innate presence of lytic enzymes in the bloodstream; under healthy conditions, this process regulates hemostasis and prevents bleeding or clotting. Fibrin-bound tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) converts nearby plasminogen into active plasmin, which is bound to the fibrin network, breaking it down into fibrin degradation products and releasing the entrapped blood cells. It is poorly understood how changes in the fibrin structure and lytic protein ratios influence the biochemical regulation and behavior of internal fibrinolysis. We used turbidity kinetic tracking and microscopy paired with mathematical modeling to study fibrin structure and lytic protein ratios that restrict internal fibrinolysis. Analysis of simulations and experiments indicate that fibrinolysis is driven by pore expansion of the fibrin network. We show that this effect is strongly influenced by the ratio of fibrin:tPAwhen compared to absolute tPA concentration. Thus, it is essential to consider relative protein concentrations when studying internal fibrinolysis both experimentally and in the clinic. An improved understanding of effective internal lysis can aid in development of better therapeutics for the treatment of bleeding and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Risman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Bradley Paynter
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, USA
| | - Victoria Percoco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mitali Shroff
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, USA
| | - Brittany E Bannish
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, USA
| | - Valerie Tutwiler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Hadpech S, Thongboonkerd V. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in kidney fibrosis. Genesis 2024; 62:e23529. [PMID: 37345818 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process contributing to kidney fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. This process is characterized by decreased epithelial phenotypes/markers and increased mesenchymal phenotypes/markers. Tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are commonly susceptible to EMT by various stimuli, for example, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), cellular communication network factor 2, angiotensin-II, fibroblast growth factor-2, oncostatin M, matrix metalloproteinase-2, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasmin, interleukin-1β, and reactive oxygen species. Similarly, glomerular podocytes can undergo EMT via these stimuli and by high glucose condition in diabetic kidney disease. EMT of TECs and podocytes leads to tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, respectively. Signaling pathways involved in EMT-mediated kidney fibrosis are diverse and complex. TGF-β1/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are the major venues triggering EMT in TECs and podocytes. These two pathways thus serve as the major therapeutic targets against EMT-mediated kidney fibrosis. To date, a number of EMT inhibitors have been identified and characterized. As expected, the majority of these EMT inhibitors affect TGF-β1/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In addition to kidney fibrosis, these EMT-targeted antifibrotic inhibitors are expected to be effective for treatment against fibrosis in other organs/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Hadpech
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Aliakbari M, Tahmasebi S, Sisakht JN. Jasmonic acid improves barley photosynthetic efficiency through a possible regulatory module, MYC2-RcaA, under combined drought and salinity stress. Photosynth Res 2024; 159:69-78. [PMID: 38329704 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The combined stress of drought and salinity is prevalent in various regions of the world, affects several physiological and biochemical processes in crops, and causes their yield to decrease. Photosynthesis is one of the main processes that are disturbed by combined stress. Therefore, improving the photosynthetic efficiency of crops is one of the most promising strategies to overcome environmental stresses, making studying the molecular basis of regulation of photosynthesis a necessity. In this study, we sought a potential mechanism that regulated a major component of the combined stress response in the important crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), namely the Rubisco activase A (RcaA) gene. Promoter analysis of the RcaA gene led to identifying Jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive elements with a high occurrence. Specifically, a Myelocytomatosis oncogenes 2 (MYC2) transcription factor binding site was highlighted as a plausible functional promoter motif. We conducted a controlled greenhouse experiment with an abiotic stress-susceptible barley genotype and evaluated expression profiling of the RcaA and MYC2 genes, photosynthetic parameters, plant water status, and cell membrane damages under JA, combined drought and salinity stress (CS) and JA + CS treatments. Our results showed that applying JA enhances barley's photosynthetic efficiency and water relations and considerably compensates for the adverse effects of combined stress. Significant association was observed among gene expression profiles and evaluated physiochemical characteristics. The results showed a plausible regulatory route through the JA-dependent MYC2-RcaA module involved in photosynthesis regulation and combined stress tolerance. These findings provide valuable knowledge for further functional studies of the regulation of photosynthesis under abiotic stresses toward the development of multiple-stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massume Aliakbari
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sirous Tahmasebi
- Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Research, Fars Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Javad Nouripour Sisakht
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agricultural Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Bharadwaj AG, Okura GC, Woods JW, Allen EA, Miller VA, Kempster E, Hancock MA, Gujar S, Slibinskas R, Waisman DM. Identification and characterization of calreticulin as a novel plasminogen receptor. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105465. [PMID: 37979915 PMCID: PMC10770727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) was originally identified as a key calcium-binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, CRT was shown to possess multiple intracellular functions, including roles in calcium homeostasis and protein folding. Recently, several extracellular functions have been identified for CRT, including roles in cancer cell invasion and phagocytosis of apoptotic and cancer cells by macrophages. In the current report, we uncover a novel function for extracellular CRT and report that CRT functions as a plasminogen-binding receptor that regulates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. We show that human recombinant or bovine tissue-derived CRT dramatically stimulated the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator or urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that CRT-bound plasminogen (KD = 1.8 μM) with moderate affinity. Plasminogen binding and activation by CRT were inhibited by ε-aminocaproic acid, suggesting that an internal lysine residue of CRT interacts with plasminogen. We subsequently show that clinically relevant CRT variants (lacking four or eight lysines in carboxyl-terminal region) exhibited decreased plasminogen activation. Furthermore, CRT-deficient fibroblasts generated 90% less plasmin and CRT-depleted MDA MB 231 cells also demonstrated a significant reduction in plasmin generation. Moreover, treatment of fibroblasts with mitoxantrone dramatically stimulated plasmin generation by WT but not CRT-deficient fibroblasts. Our results suggest that CRT is an important cellular plasminogen regulatory protein. Given that CRT can empower cells with plasmin proteolytic activity, this discovery may provide new mechanistic insight into the established role of CRT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamelu G Bharadwaj
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gillian C Okura
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John W Woods
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Erica A Allen
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Victoria A Miller
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emma Kempster
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mark A Hancock
- McGill SPR-MS Facility, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - David M Waisman
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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13
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Bharadwaj AG, McLean ME, Dahn ML, Cahill HF, Wasson MD, Arun RP, Walker OL, Cruickshank BM, Fernando W, Venkatesh J, Barnes PJ, Bethune G, Knapp G, Helyer LK, Giacomantonio CA, Waisman DM, Marcato P. ALDH1A3 promotes invasion and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by regulating the plasminogen activation pathway. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:91-112. [PMID: 37753740 PMCID: PMC10766202 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) is a cancer stem cell marker that promotes metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression has been linked to ALDH1A3-induced gene expression changes. To investigate the mechanism of ALDH1A3-mediated breast cancer metastasis, we assessed the effect of ALDH1A3 on the expression of proteases and the regulators of proteases that degrade the extracellular matrix, a process that is essential for invasion and metastasis. This revealed that ALDH1A3 regulates the plasminogen activation pathway; it increased the levels and activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). This resulted in a corresponding increase in the activity of serine protease plasmin, the enzymatic product of tPA and uPA. The ALDH1A3 product all-trans-retinoic acid similarly increased tPA and plasmin activity. The increased invasion of TNBC cells by ALDH1A3 was plasminogen-dependent. In patient tumours, ALDH1A3 and tPA are co-expressed and their combined expression correlated with the TNBC subtype, high tumour grade and recurrent metastatic disease. Knockdown of tPA in TNBC cells inhibited plasmin generation and lymph node metastasis. These results identify the ALDH1A3-tPA-plasmin axis as a key contributor to breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory Knapp
- Department of SurgeryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | | | - Carman A. Giacomantonio
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of SurgeryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - David M. Waisman
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxCanada
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14
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Rosenfeld MA, Yurina LV, Gavrilina ES, Vasilyeva AD. Post-Translational Oxidative Modifications of Hemostasis Proteins: Structure, Function, and Regulation. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2024; 89:S14-S33. [PMID: 38621742 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly generated in a living organism. An imbalance between the amount of generated reactive species in the body and their destruction leads to the development of oxidative stress. Proteins are extremely vulnerable targets for ROS molecules, which can cause oxidative modifications of amino acid residues, thus altering structure and function of intra- and extracellular proteins. The current review considers the effect of oxidation on the structural rearrangements and functional activity of hemostasis proteins: coagulation system proteins such as fibrinogen, prothrombin/thrombin, factor VII/VIIa; anticoagulant proteins - thrombomodulin and protein C; proteins of the fibrinolytic system such as plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Structure and function of the proteins, oxidative modifications, and their detrimental consequences resulting from the induced oxidation or oxidative stress in vivo are described. Possible effects of oxidative modifications of proteins in vitro and in vivo leading to disruption of the coagulation and fibrinolysis processes are summarized and systematized, and the possibility of a compensatory mechanism in maintaining hemostasis under oxidative stress is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Rosenfeld
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Lyubov V Yurina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Gavrilina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Vasilyeva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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15
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Udovenko A, Makogonenko Y, Korolova D, Druzhyna N, Chernyshenko V, Komisarenko S. Formation and elimination of soluble fibrin and D-dimer in the bloodstream. Croat Med J 2023; 64:421-429. [PMID: 38168523 PMCID: PMC10797241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble fibrin is composed mainly of desA fibrin and fibrinogen oligomers consisting of fewer than 16 monomers partially cross-linked by factor XIIIa. Soluble fibrin cannot stimulate Glu-plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA); therefore, it may not be a direct predecessor of D-dimer. However, within the microcirculatory system, soluble fibrin oligomers may form microclots. Fibrin microclots stimulate Glu-plasminogen activation by t-PA, a process resulting in the formation of Glu-plasmin. Glu-plasmin dissolves the microclots, forming D-dimer. In normal and pathological blood plasma samples, soluble fibrin levels are substantially higher than those of D-dimer. Their concentrations in the plasma are also regulated by transendothelial transfer, absorption by blood macrophages, and binding and internalization with low-density lipoprotein receptors of the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Therefore, the exact mechanisms of fibrin clots formation and elimination in normal and pathological conditions remain unclear. In this study, we reviewed findings on the molecular mechanisms of the formation and dissolution of fibrin clots, fibrin-dependent activation of Glu-plasminogen by t-PA, and blood plasma behavior in the microcirculatory system. Finally, we proposed a model that explains the relations of D-dimer and soluble fibrin underlying the common and separate mechanisms of their formation and elimination.
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16
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Liu LQ, Zhang P, Qi YZ, Li H, Jiang YH, Yang CH. Quercetin Attenuates Atherosclerosis via Modulating Apelin Signaling Pathway Based on Plasma Metabolomics. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:1121-1132. [PMID: 37656412 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To interpret the pharmacology of quercetin in treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS Fourteen apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were divided into 2 groups by a random number table: an AS model (ApoE-/-) group and a quercetin treatment group (7 in each). Seven age-matched C57 mice were used as controls (n=7). Quercetin [20 mg/(kg·d)] was administered to the quercetin group intragastrically for 8 weeks for pharmacodynamic evaluation. Besides morphological observation, the distribution of CD11b, F4/80, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and P21 was assayed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to evaluate macrophage infiltration and tissue senescence. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSC/MS) was performed to study the pharmacology of quercetin against AS. Then, simultaneous administration of an apelin receptor antagonist (ML221) with quercetin was conducted to verify the possible targets of quercetin. Key proteins in apelin signaling pathway, such as angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated proteins (APJ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R), were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS Quercetin administration decreased lipid deposition in arterial lumen and improved the morphology of ApoE-/- aortas in vivo. Quercetin decreased the densities of CD11b, F4/80 and P21 in the aorta and increased the level of serum apelin and the densities of APJ and Sirt1 in the aorta in ApoE-/- mice (all P<0.05). Plasma metabolite profiling identified 118 differential metabolites and showed that quercetin affected mainly glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the apelin signaling pathway was one of the main pathways. Quercetin treatment increased the protein expressions of APJ, AMPK, PGC-1α, TPA and UCP1, while decreased the AT1R level (all P<0.05). After the apelin pathway was blocked by ML221, the effect of quercetin was abated significantly, confirming that quercetin attenuated AS by modulating the apelin signaling pathway (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Quercetin alleviated AS lesions by up-regulation the apelin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China
| | - Ying-Zi Qi
- Health College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yue-Hua Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chuan-Hua Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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17
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Meiners K, Hamm P, Gutmann M, Niedens J, Nowak-Król A, Pané S, Lühmann T. Site-specific PEGylation of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:79-87. [PMID: 37783360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is the gold standard for emergency treatment of ischemic stroke, which is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Major challenges of tPA therapy are its rapid elimination by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and hepatic clearance, leading to the use of high doses and consequent serious side effects, including internal bleeding, swelling and low blood pressure. In this regard, we developed three polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated tPA bioconjugates based on the recombinant human tPA drug Alteplase using site-specific conjugation strategies. The first bioconjugate with PEGylation at the N-terminus of tPA performed by reductive alkylation showed a reduced proteolytic activity of 68 % compared to wild type tPA. PEGylation at the single-free cysteine of tPA with linear and branched PEG revealed similar proteolytic activities as the wild-type protein. Moreover, both bioconjugates with PEG-cysteine-modification showed 2-fold slower inhibition kinetics by PAI-1. All bioconjugates increased in hydrodynamic size as a critical requirement for half-life extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Meiners
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Prisca Hamm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Niedens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics & Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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18
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Dai W, Zhang H, Lund H, Zhang Z, Castleberry M, Rodriguez M, Kuriakose G, Gupta S, Lewandowska M, Powers HR, Valmiki S, Zhu J, Shapiro AD, Hussain MM, López JA, Sorci-Thomas MG, Silverstein RL, Ginsberg HN, Sahoo D, Tabas I, Zheng Z. Intracellular tPA-PAI-1 interaction determines VLDL assembly in hepatocytes. Science 2023; 381:eadh5207. [PMID: 37651538 PMCID: PMC10697821 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoproteins initiate and promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity is negatively associated with atherogenic apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in humans, but the mechanisms are unknown. We found that tPA, partially through the lysine-binding site on its Kringle 2 domain, binds to the N terminus of apoB, blocking the interaction between apoB and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in hepatocytes, thereby reducing very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and plasma apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) sequesters tPA away from apoB and increases VLDL assembly. Humans with PAI-1 deficiency have smaller VLDL particles and lower plasma levels of apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol. These results suggest a mechanism that fine-tunes VLDL assembly by intracellular interactions among tPA, PAI-1, and apoB in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Maya Rodriguez
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - George Kuriakose
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | | | - Hayley R. Powers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Swati Valmiki
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amy D. Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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19
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Wu J, Jing X, Du Q, Sun X, Holgersson K, Gao J, He X, Hosaka K, Zhao C, Tao W, FitzGerald GA, Yang Y, Jensen LD, Cao Y. Disruption of the Clock Component Bmal1 in Mice Promotes Cancer Metastasis through the PAI-1-TGF-β-myoCAF-Dependent Mechanism. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2301505. [PMID: 37330661 PMCID: PMC10460897 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock in animals and humans plays crucial roles in multiple physiological processes. Disruption of circadian homeostasis causes detrimental effects. Here, it is demonstrated that the disruption of the circadian rhythm by genetic deletion of mouse brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) gene, coding for the key clock transcription factor, augments an exacerbated fibrotic phenotype in various tumors. Accretion of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), especially the alpha smooth muscle actin positive myoCAFs, accelerates tumor growth rates and metastatic potentials. Mechanistically, deletion of Bmal1 abrogates expression of its transcriptionally targeted plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Consequently, decreased levels of PAI-1 in the tumor microenvironment instigate plasmin activation through upregulation of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator. The activated plasmin converts latent TGF-β into its activated form, which potently induces tumor fibrosis and the transition of CAFs into myoCAFs, the latter promoting cancer metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of the TGF-β signaling largely ablates the metastatic potentials of colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Together, these data provide novel mechanistic insights into disruption of the circadian clock in tumor growth and metastasis. It is reasonably speculated that normalization of the circadian rhythm in patients provides a novel paradigm for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Qiqiao Du
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhongshan Second Road 58Guangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035P. R. China
| | | | - Juan Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510000P. R. China
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University Medical SchoolHangzhou310016P. R. China
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye InstituteEye and ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA19104‐5158USA
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Lasse D. Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Medical and Health SciencesLinkoping UniversityLinkoping581 83Sweden
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
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20
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Bedawi EO, Kanellakis NI, Corcoran JP, Zhao Y, Hassan M, Asciak R, Mercer RM, Sundaralingam A, Addala DN, Miller RF, Dong T, Condliffe AM, Rahman NM. The Biological Role of Pleural Fluid PAI-1 and Sonographic Septations in Pleural Infection: Analysis of a Prospectively Collected Clinical Outcome Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:731-739. [PMID: 36191254 PMCID: PMC10037470 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1084oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Sonographic septations are assumed to be important clinical predictors of outcome in pleural infection, but the evidence for this is sparse. The inflammatory and fibrinolysis-associated intrapleural pathway(s) leading to septation formation have not been studied in a large cohort of pleural fluid (PF) samples with confirmed pleural infection matched with ultrasound and clinical outcome data. Objectives: To assess the presence and severity of septations against baseline PF PAI-1 (Plasminogen-Activator Inhibitor-1) and other inflammatory and fibrinolysis-associated proteins as well as to correlate these with clinically important outcomes. Methods: We analyzed 214 pleural fluid samples from PILOT (Pleural Infection Longitudinal Outcome Study), a prospective observational pleural infection study, for inflammatory and fibrinolysis-associated proteins using the Luminex platform. Multivariate regression analyses were used to assess the association of pleural biological markers with septation presence and severity (on ultrasound) and clinical outcomes. Measurements and Main Results: PF PAI-1 was the only protein independently associated with septation presence (P < 0.001) and septation severity (P = 0.003). PF PAI-1 concentrations were associated with increased length of stay (P = 0.048) and increased 12-month mortality (P = 0.003). Sonographic septations alone had no relation to clinical outcomes. Conclusions: In a large and well-characterized cohort, this is the first study to associate pleural biological parameters with a validated sonographic septation outcome in pleural infection. PF PAI-1 is the first biomarker to demonstrate an independent association with mortality. Although PF PAI-1 plays an integral role in driving septation formation, septations themselves are not associated with clinically important outcomes. These novel findings now require prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eihab O. Bedawi
- Oxford Pleural Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos I. Kanellakis
- Oxford Pleural Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
- Laboratory of Pleural and Lung Cancer Translational Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
| | - John P. Corcoran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Derriford Hospital, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Pleural and Lung Cancer Translational Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine
| | - Maged Hassan
- Oxford Pleural Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chest Diseases Department, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rachelle Asciak
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; and
| | - Rachel M. Mercer
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anand Sundaralingam
- Oxford Pleural Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit
| | - Dinesh N. Addala
- Oxford Pleural Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit
| | - Robert F. Miller
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Najib M. Rahman
- Oxford Pleural Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
- Laboratory of Pleural and Lung Cancer Translational Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
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21
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Ruikar K, Khode V, Shetty SS, Sarathkumar E, Patil P, Patil S, Bargale A, sadashiv R, Shetty P. Association of pro-fibrinolytic receptor AnnexinA2 with tissue plasminogen activator/Inhibitor-1 in pre-eclampsia. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:309-319. [PMID: 37545924 PMCID: PMC10398465 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia are related to placental anti-angiogenic factor alteration. These variations are mainly due to the alteration of plasminolytic components. The study aims to compare the expression of plasminolytic components in the placenta of women with and without pre-eclampsia. Material and Methods The study included pregnant women with pre-eclampsia as PE group (n = 30) and without pre-eclampsia as a control group (n = 30). Placental bed biopsy tissues were collected. AnxA2, tPA, PAI-1 expression in the placental villous tissue was quantitatively evaluated using immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real time-PCR analysis. Results The results of the study showed a significant decrease in the expression of ANXA2 and increased expression of tPA and PAI-1 in PE group compared to control group (p<0.005). AnxA2 expression showed positive correlation with tPA (r=+0.895, p=0.002) and negative correlation with PAI-1(r=-0.905, p=0.020) in control group whereas in the PE group AnxA2 expression was negatively correlated with tPA ((r=-0.801, p=0.016) and PAI-1 (R=-0.831, P=0.010). Conclusion Decreased AnxA2 with increased expression of PAI-1 and tPA may be responsible for the altered fibrinolytic activity and play a significant role in pre-eclampsia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Ruikar
- Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - Vitthal Khode
- Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - Shilpa S Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry/Central Research Lab, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University) Mangaluru, India
| | - E Sarathkumar
- Department of Biochemistry/Central Research Lab, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University) Mangaluru, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Department of Biochemistry/Central Research Lab, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University) Mangaluru, India
| | - Satish Patil
- Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - Anil Bargale
- Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - Roshni sadashiv
- Department of Anatomy, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry/Central Research Lab, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University) Mangaluru, India
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22
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Bi YH, Feng B, Xie WY, Ouyang LL, Ye RX, Zhou ZG. Nuclear-encoded CbbX located in chloroplast is essential for the activity of red-type Rubisco in Saccharina japonica. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:236-245. [PMID: 36731285 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) is a brown alga and the major component of algae beds on the northwest coast of the Pacific Ocean. Rubisco, the key enzyme of CO2 fixation in photosynthesis, is inhibited by nonproductive binding of its substrate RuBP and other sugar phosphates. The inhibited Rubisco in eukaryotic phytoplankton of the red plastid lineage was reactivated by CbbXs, the red-type Rubisco activases, through the process of ATP-hydrolysis-powered remodeling. As well documented, CbbXs had two types of subunits encoded by the plastid or nuclear genome respectively. In this study, both proteins of S. japonica (SjCbbX-n and SjCbbX-p) were localized in the chloroplast illustrated by immuno-electron microscopy technique. GST pull-down detection verified SjCbbX-n could interact with SjCbbX-p. Two-dimensional electrophoresis-based Western blot analysis illustrated that the endogenous SjCbbXs could form heterohexamer in the ratio of 1:1. Activase activity assays showed that although both the recombinant proteins of SjCbbXs were functional, SjCbbX-n illustrated the significantly higher activase activity than SjCbbX-p. Notably, when the two proteins were mixed, the highest specific efficiencies of Rubisco were obtained. These results implied SjCbbX-n may be essential for Rubisco activation. Molecular evolutionary analysis of cbbx genes revealed that cbbx-n originated from the duplication of cbbx-p and then evolved independently under the positive selection pressure. This is the first report about the functional relationship between the two types of CbbXs in macroalge with the red-type Rubisco and provides useful information for revealing the mechanism of high photosynthetic efficiency of this important kelp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred By Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred By Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei-Yi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred By Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Long-Ling Ouyang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Science East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, No. 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Rong-Xue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred By Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences Conferred By Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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23
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Meli A, McCormack A, Conte I, Chen Q, Streetley J, Rose ML, Bierings R, Hannah MJ, Molloy JE, Rosenthal PB, Carter T. Altered Storage and Function of von Willebrand Factor in Human Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells Isolated from Recipient Transplant Hearts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054553. [PMID: 36901985 PMCID: PMC10003102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of von Willebrand factor (VWF) into ordered helical tubules within endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) is required for the efficient deployment of the protein at sites of vascular injury. VWF trafficking and storage are sensitive to cellular and environmental stresses that are associated with heart disease and heart failure. Altered storage of VWF manifests as a change in WPB morphology from a rod shape to a rounded shape and is associated with impaired VWF deployment during secretion. In this study, we examined the morphology, ultrastructure, molecular composition and kinetics of exocytosis of WPBs in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells isolated from explanted hearts of patients with a common form of heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM; HCMECD), or from nominally healthy donors (controls; HCMECC). Using fluorescence microscopy, WPBs in HCMECC (n = 3 donors) showed the typical rod-shaped morphology containing VWF, P-selectin and tPA. In contrast, WPBs in primary cultures of HCMECD (n = 6 donors) were predominantly rounded in shape and lacked tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Ultrastructural analysis of HCMECD revealed a disordered arrangement of VWF tubules in nascent WPBs emerging from the trans-Golgi network. HCMECD WPBs still recruited Rab27A, Rab3B, Myosin-Rab Interacting Protein (MyRIP) and Synaptotagmin-like protein 4a (Slp4-a) and underwent regulated exocytosis with kinetics similar to that seen in HCMECc. However, secreted extracellular VWF strings from HCMECD were significantly shorter than for endothelial cells with rod-shaped WPBs, although VWF platelet binding was similar. Our observations suggest that VWF trafficking, storage and haemostatic potential are perturbed in HCMEC from DCM hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athinoula Meli
- Transplant Immunology, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Hill End Road, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ann McCormack
- Transplant Immunology, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Hill End Road, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ianina Conte
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St Georges University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Qu Chen
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James Streetley
- Structural Biology of Cells and Viruses Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marlene L. Rose
- Transplant Immunology, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Hill End Road, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J. Hannah
- High Containment Microbiology, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Justin E. Molloy
- Single Molecule Enzymology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Peter B. Rosenthal
- Structural Biology of Cells and Viruses Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tom Carter
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St Georges University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(208)-7255961
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24
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Hua Q, Cheng H, Yang YQ, An JS, Zhang M, Gong S, Luo MJ, Tan JH. Role of tPA in Corticosterone-Induced Apoptosis of Mouse Mural Granulosa and Oviductal Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030455. [PMID: 36766799 PMCID: PMC9914103 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although studies indicate that female stress-increased secretion of glucocorticoids impairs oocyte competence and embryo development, by inducing apoptosis of ovarian and oviductal cells, respectively, the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids induce apoptosis of ovarian and oviductal cells are largely unclear. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been involved in apoptosis of different cell types. However, while some studies indicate that tPA is proapoptotic, others demonstrate its antiapoptotic effects. This study has explored the role and action mechanisms of tPA in corticosterone-induced apoptosis of mouse mural granulosa cells (MGCs) and oviductal epithelial cells (OECs). The results demonstrate that culture with corticosterone significantly increased apoptosis, while decreasing levels of tPA (Plat) mRNA and tPA protein in both MGCs and OECs. Culture with tPA ameliorated corticosterone-induced apoptosis of MGCs and OECs. Furthermore, while tPA protected MGCs from corticosterone-induced apoptosis by interacting with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), it protected OECs from the apoptosis by acting on Annexin 2 (ANXA2). In conclusion, tPA is antiapoptotic in both MGCs and OECs, and it protects MGCs and OECs from corticosterone-induced apoptosis by interacting with LRP1 and ANXA2, respectively, suggesting that tPA may use different receptors to inhibit apoptosis in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Jiu Luo
- Correspondence: (M.-J.L.); (J.-H.T.); Tel.: +86-0538-8249616 (M.-J.L. & J.-H.T.); Fax: +86-0538-8241419 (M.-J.L. & J.-H.T.)
| | - Jing-He Tan
- Correspondence: (M.-J.L.); (J.-H.T.); Tel.: +86-0538-8249616 (M.-J.L. & J.-H.T.); Fax: +86-0538-8241419 (M.-J.L. & J.-H.T.)
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25
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Yatsenko T, Skrypnyk M, Troyanovska O, Tobita M, Osada T, Takahashi S, Hattori K, Heissig B. The Role of the Plasminogen/Plasmin System in Inflammation of the Oral Cavity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030445. [PMID: 36766787 PMCID: PMC9913802 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a unique environment that consists of teeth surrounded by periodontal tissues, oral mucosae with minor salivary glands, and terminal parts of major salivary glands that open into the oral cavity. The cavity is constantly exposed to viral and microbial pathogens. Recent studies indicate that components of the plasminogen (Plg)/plasmin (Pm) system are expressed in tissues of the oral cavity, such as the salivary gland, and contribute to microbial infection and inflammation, such as periodontitis. The Plg/Pm system fulfills two major functions: (a) the destruction of fibrin deposits in the bloodstream or damaged tissues, a process called fibrinolysis, and (b) non-fibrinolytic actions that include the proteolytic modulation of proteins. One can observe both functions during inflammation. The virus that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exploits the fibrinolytic and non-fibrinolytic functions of the Plg/Pm system in the oral cavity. During COVID-19, well-established coagulopathy with the development of microthrombi requires constant activation of the fibrinolytic function. Furthermore, viral entry is modulated by receptors such as TMPRSS2, which is necessary in the oral cavity, leading to a derailed immune response that peaks in cytokine storm syndrome. This paper outlines the significance of the Plg/Pm system for infectious and inflammatory diseases that start in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Yatsenko
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Maksym Skrypnyk
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Olga Troyanovska
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Morikuni Tobita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taro Osada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-Shi 279-0021, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Genome and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (B.H.); Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111 (switchboard 2115) (B.H.)
| | - Beate Heissig
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (B.H.); Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111 (switchboard 2115) (B.H.)
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26
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Varangot A, Lebatard S, Bellemain-Sagnard M, Lebouvier L, Hommet Y, Vivien D. Modulations of the neuronal trafficking of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) influences glutamate release. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:34. [PMID: 36650132 PMCID: PMC9845363 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the neuronal expression of the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has opened new avenues of research, with important implications in the physiopathology of the central nervous system. For example, the interaction of tPA with synaptic receptors (NMDAR, LRP1, Annexin II, and EGFR) and its role in the maturation of BDNF have been reported to influence synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. However, the mechanisms regulating the neuronal trafficking of tPA are unknown. Here, using high-resolution live cell imaging and a panel of innovative genetic approaches, we first unmasked the dynamic characteristics of the dendritic and axonal trafficking of tPA-containing vesicles under different paradigms of neuronal activation or inhibition. We then report a constitutive exocytosis of tPA- and VAMP2-positive vesicles, dramatically increased in conditions of neuronal activation, with a pattern which was mainly dendritic and thus post-synaptic. We also observed that the synaptic release of tPA led to an increase of the exocytosis of VGlut1 positive vesicles containing glutamate. Finally, we described alterations of the trafficking and exocytosis of neuronal tPA in cultured cortical neurons prepared from tau-22 transgenic mice (a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease (AD)). Altogether, these data provide new insights about the neuronal trafficking of tPA, contributing to a better knowledge of the tPA-dependent brain functions and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Varangot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Simon Lebatard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Mathys Bellemain-Sagnard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France.
- Department of clinical research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Caen, France.
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Jadhav P, Karande M, Sarkar A, Sahu S, Sarmah D, Datta A, Chaudhary A, Kalia K, Sharma A, Wang X, Bhattacharya P. Glial Cells Response in Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:99-113. [PMID: 35066715 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As the second-leading cause of death, stroke faces several challenges in terms of treatment because of the limited therapeutic interventions available. Previous studies primarily focused on metabolic and blood flow properties as a target for treating stroke, including recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy, which are the only USFDA approved therapies. These interventions have the limitation of a narrow therapeutic time window, the possibility of hemorrhagic complications, and the expertise required for performing these interventions. Thus, it is important to identify the contributing factors that exacerbate the ischemic outcome and to develop therapies targeting them for regulating cellular homeostasis, mainly neuronal survival and regeneration. Glial cells, primarily microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, have been shown to have a crucial role in the prognosis of ischemic brain injury, contributing to inflammatory responses. They play a dual role in both the onset as well as resolution of the inflammatory responses. Understanding the different mechanisms driving these effects can aid in the development of therapeutic targets and further mitigate the damage caused. In this review, we summarize the functions of various glial cells and their contribution to stroke pathology. The review highlights the therapeutic options currently being explored and developed that primarily target glial cells and can be used as neuroprotective agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Mayuri Karande
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Abhishek Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Shubhrakanta Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Antra Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Arvind Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Zydus Hospital, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Zhang C, Salamon J, Zhang R. Correlations between the Changing Levels of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Adiposity Following Exercise-Induced Weight Loss. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235159. [PMID: 36501190 PMCID: PMC9741073 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major threat to global public health. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is a serine protease that dissolves blood clots, which can also lead to excessive bleeding. Fibrinogen (FIBR), a glycoprotein, is converted by thrombin to fibrin and then to a fibrin-based blood clot. Both TPA and FIBR levels in the blood are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, and the levels of the two factors are also positively correlated with total adipose tissue amounts. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) can contribute differently to whole-body metabolism. In this study, we sought to assess: (1) the strength of the correlation between the changing levels of the two factors and the changing amounts of VAT/SAT during exercise-induced weight loss, (2) whether there is any difference between the two types of adipose tissues in terms of the correlation, and (3) which factor, TPA or FIBR, is more sensitive to changes in adiposity? For this study, we analyzed the data from the diabetes prevention program (DPP), in which the participants were divided into three groups, with one group undergoing a lifestyle change that involved maintaining a minimum of 7% weight loss with physical activity. We found that the basal amounts of VAT and SAT were correlated with TPA and FIBR levels. However, following weight loss, adiposity changes were strongly correlated with the changing levels of TPA, but not FIBR, for both men and women. Therefore, TPA, but not FIBR, is sensitive to changes in adiposity. Furthermore, regarding TPA, weight loss sensitized its correlation with SAT, but not VAT. This study shows how adipose tissues distinctively affect TPA and FIBR levels, two factors associated with cardiovascular disease and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 718 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan Salamon
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Challa SR, Nalamolu KR, Fornal CA, Mohandass A, Mussman JP, Schaibley C, Kashyap A, Sama V, Wang BC, Klopfenstein JD, Pinson DM, Kunamneni A, Veeravalli KK. The interplay between MMP-12 and t-PA in the brain after ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2022; 161:105436. [PMID: 36283468 PMCID: PMC9898869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression is known to increase following transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Previously, we reported downregulation of t-PA upon suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), following transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. We now present data on the temporal expression of t-PA in the brain after transient ischemia, as well as the interaction between MMP-12 and t-PA, two proteases associated with the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and ischemic brain damage. We hypothesized that there might be reciprocal interactions between MMP-12 and t-PA in the brain after ischemic stroke. This hypothesis was tested using shRNA-mediated gene silencing and computational modeling. Suppression of t-PA following transient ischemia and reperfusion in rats attenuated MMP-12 expression in the brain. The overall effect of t-PA shRNA administration was to attenuate the degradation of BBB tight junction protein claudin-5, diminish BBB disruption, and reduce neuroinflammation by decreasing the expression of the microglia/macrophage pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype (CD68, iNOS, IL-1β, and TNFα). Reduced BBB disruption and subsequent lack of infiltration of macrophages (the main source of MMP-12 in the ischemic brain) could account for the decrease in MMP-12 expression after t-PA suppression. Computational modeling of in silico protein-protein interactions indicated that MMP-12 and t-PA may interact physically. Overall, our findings demonstrate that MMP-12 and t-PA interact directly or indirectly at multiple levels in the brain following an ischemic stroke. The present findings could be useful in the development of new pharmacotherapies for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Nalamolu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Casimir A Fornal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Adithya Mohandass
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Justin P Mussman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Claire Schaibley
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Aanan Kashyap
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Vinay Sama
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Billy C Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Children's Hospital of Illinois, OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klopfenstein
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Illinois Neurological Institute, OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - David M Pinson
- Department of Health Sciences Education and Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | | | - Krishna Kumar Veeravalli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.
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Qiu L, Cai Y, Geng Y, Yao X, Wang L, Cao H, Zhang X, Wu Q, Kong D, Ding D, Shi Y, Wang Y, Wu J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate tPA-induced blood-brain barrier disruption in murine ischemic stroke models. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:424-442. [PMID: 36367475 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage following blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption resulting from thrombolysis of ischemic stroke with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains a critical clinical problem. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are promising nanotherapeutic agents that have the potential to repair the BBB after ischemic stroke; however, whether they can attenuate BBB disruption and hemorrhagic transformation after tPA thrombolysis is largely unknown. Here, we observed that MSC-EVs efficiently passed through the BBB and selectively accumulated in injured brain regions in ischemic stroke model mice in real time using aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), which exhibit better tracking ability than the commercially available tracer DiR. Moreover, tPA administration promoted the homing of MSC-EVs to the ischemic brain and increased the uptake of MSC-EVs by astrocytes. Furthermore, the accumulated MSC-EVs attenuated the tPA-induced disruption of BBB integrity and alleviated hemorrhage by inhibiting astrocyte activation and inflammation. Mechanistically, miR-125b-5p delivered by MSC-EVs played an indispensable role in maintaining BBB integrity by targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inhibiting nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling in astrocytes. This study provides a noninvasive method for real-time tracking of MSC-EVs in the ischemic brain after tPA treatment and highlights the potential of MSC-EVs as thrombolytic adjuvants for ischemic stroke. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although tPA thrombolysis is the most effective pharmaceutical strategy for acute ischemic stroke, its clinical application and therapeutic efficacy are challenged by tPA-induced BBB disruption and hemorrhagic transformation. Our study demonstrated that MSC-EVs can act as an attractive thrombolytic adjuvant to repair the BBB and improve thrombolysis in a mouse ischemic stroke model. Notably, by labeling MSC-EVs with AIEgens, we achieved accurate real-time imaging of MSC-EVs in the ischemic brain and therapeutic visualization. MSC-EVs inhibit astrocyte activation and associated inflammation through miR-125b-5p/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Consequently, we revealed that MSC-EVs combined with tPA thrombolysis may be a promising approach for the treatment of ischemic stroke in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanqin Geng
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiuhua Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lanxing Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Deling Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dan Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yuebing Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Jialing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Risman RA, Abdelhamid A, Weisel JW, Bannish BE, Tutwiler V. Effects of clot contraction on clot degradation: A mathematical and experimental approach. Biophys J 2022; 121:3271-3285. [PMID: 35927957 PMCID: PMC9463642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis, resulting in occlusive blood clots, blocks blood flow to downstream organs and causes life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. The administration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which drives the enzymatic degradation (fibrinolysis) of these blood clots, is a treatment for thrombotic conditions, but the use of these therapeutics is often limited due to the time-dependent nature of treatment and their limited success. We have shown that clot contraction, which is altered in prothrombotic conditions, influences the efficacy of fibrinolysis. Clot contraction results in the volume shrinkage of blood clots, with the redistribution and densification of fibrin and platelets on the exterior of the clot and red blood cells in the interior. Understanding how these key structural changes influence fibrinolysis can lead to improved diagnostics and patient care. We used a combination of mathematical modeling and experimental methodologies to characterize the process of exogenous delivery of t-PA (external fibrinolysis). A three-dimensional (3D) stochastic, multiscale model of external fibrinolysis was used to determine how the structural changes that occur during the process of clot contraction influence the mechanism(s) of fibrinolysis. Experiments were performed based on modeling predictions using pooled human plasma and the external delivery of t-PA to initiate lysis. Analysis of fibrinolysis simulations and experiments indicate that fibrin densification makes the most significant contribution to the rate of fibrinolysis compared with the distribution of components and degree of compaction (p < 0.0001). This result suggests the possibility of a certain fibrin density threshold above which t-PA effective diffusion is limited. From a clinical perspective, this information can be used to improve on current therapeutics by optimizing timing and delivery of lysis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John W Weisel
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zhou H, Zhu J, Wan H, Shao C, Chen T, Yang J, He Y, Wan H. The combination of danhong injection plus tissue plasminogen activator ameliorates mouse tail thrombosis-induced by κ-carrageenan. Phytomedicine 2022; 104:154320. [PMID: 35830758 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After thrombosis, t-PA thrombolysis is the first choice, but the use of t-PA can easily lead to hemorrhagic injury and neurotoxicity. The combination of Danhong injection (DHI) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) therapy may be a new strategy to find high-efficiency anti-thrombosis and low bleeding risk. However, nothing is about the effect of DHI plus t-PA on platelet activation. PURPOSE The present research was to explore the optimal dose of DHI and t-PA in vivo and mechanisms involved with the treatment of combining DHI and t-PA for thrombotic disease and determined whether DHI plus t-PA affects thrombotic processes related to platelet activation. METHODS Mice were induced by administering κ-carrageenan intraperitoneally, the ratio of different doses of DHI and t-PA in vivo, and the optimal dose effects on platelet aggregation, platelet adhesion, thrombosis formation, and platelet activation were determined. The effects of the αIIbβ3 signaling pathway were analyzed in mice. RESULTS In vitro, DHI (62% v/v), t-PA (1 mg/ml), and DHI + t-PA (62% v/v + 1 mg/ml) decreased rat platelet aggregation and adhesion, with a stronger effect from the combination as compared to t-PA monotherapy. In vivo, injections of κ-carrageenan were used to induce BALB/c mice. The optimal dose of DHI, t-PA, and DHI + t-PA is 12 ml/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 12 ml/kg + 7.5 mg/kg. The administration of DHI (12 ml/kg), t-PA (10 mg/kg), and DHI + t-PA (12 ml/kg + 7.5 mg/kg) decreased thrombi in mouse tissue vessels. Furthermore, the reduction of thrombosis formation by DHI, t-PA, and DHI + t-PA was related to lower collagen deposition, and lowered expressions of collagen I, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in mouse tails, with increased efficacy in combination as compared to t-PA alone. The anti-thrombosis actions of DHI, t-PA, and their combination regulated the expression of CD41, purinergic receptor (P2Y12), guanine nucleotide-binding protein G (q) subunit alpha (GNAQ), phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c beta (PLCβ), Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1), RIAM, talin1, fibrinogen alpha chain (FG), kindlin-3, and RAS guany1-releasing protein 1 (RasGRP1). CONCLUSIONS Based on expression, the mechanism responsible for thrombosis may be attributed to platelet activation via the αIIbβ3 signaling pathway. Combination therapy with DHI and t-PA exerted potent thrombolytic effects. Thus, our data can be used as a foundation for further clinical studies examining the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tianhang Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Mossberg K, Olausson J, Fryk E, Jern S, Jansson PA, Brogren H. The role of the platelet pool of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in well-controlled type 2 diabetes patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267833. [PMID: 36044519 PMCID: PMC9432754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor -1 (PAI-1), irreversibly binds tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) and thereby inhibits the protective action of tPA against thrombus formation. Elevated levels of plasma PAI-1 are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and are observed in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Platelets contain the majority of PAI-1 present in blood and exhibit the ability to synthesis active PAI-1. Diabetic platelets are known to be hyper-reactive and larger in size; however, whether these features affect their contribution to the elevated levels of plasma PAI-1 in T2D is not established. Objectives To characterize the PAI-1 antigen content and the mRNA expression in platelets from T2D subjects compared to obese and lean control subjects, in order to elucidate the role of platelet PAI-1 in T2D. Methods Nine subjects with T2D and obesity were recruited from Primary Care Centers together with 15 healthy control subjects (8 lean subjects and 7 with obesity). PAI-1 antigen levels in plasma, serum and platelets were determined by ELISA, and PAI-1 mRNA expression was analyzed by qPCR. Results There was no significant difference in PAI-1 mRNA expression or PAI-1 antigen in platelets in T2D subject in comparison to obese and lean control subjects. An elevated level of plasma PAI-1 was seen in both T2D and obese subjects. PAI-1 gene expression was significantly higher in both obese groups compared to lean. Conclusion Similar levels of protein and mRNA expression of PAI-1 in platelets from T2D, obese and lean subjects indicate a limited role of platelets for the elevated plasma PAI-1 levels. However, an increased synthesis rate of mRNA transcripts in platelets from T2D and an increased release of PAI-1 could also result in similar mRNA and protein levels. Hence, synthesis and release rates of PAI-1 from platelets in T2D and obesity need to be investigated to further elucidate the role of platelets in obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mossberg
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Josefin Olausson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Fryk
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sverker Jern
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Helén Brogren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Napolitano F, Montuori N. Role of Plasminogen Activation System in Platelet Pathophysiology: Emerging Concepts for Translational Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116065. [PMID: 35682744 PMCID: PMC9181697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, platelets have been exclusively considered for their procoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects during normal activation of hemostasis. Effectively, activated platelets secrete coagulation factors, expose phosphatidylserine, and promote thrombin and fibrin production. In addition to procoagulant activities, platelets confer resistance of thrombi to fibrinolysis by inducing clot retraction of the fibrin network and release of huge amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which is the major physiologic inhibitor of the fibrinolytic cascade. However, the discovery of multiple relations with the fibrinolytic system, also termed Plasminogen Activation System (PAS), has introduced new perspectives on the platelet role in fibrinolysis. Indeed, the activated membrane surface of platelets provides binding sites on which fibrinolytic enzymes can be activated. This review discusses the evidence of the profibrinolytic properties of platelets through the description of PAS components and related proteins that are contained in or bind to platelets. Our analyses of literature data lead to the conclusion that in the initial phase of the hemostatic process, antifibrinolytic effects prevail over profibrinolytic activity, but at later stages, platelets might enhance fibrinolysis through the engagement of PAS components. A better understanding of spatial and temporal characteristics of platelet-mediated fibrinolysis during normal hemostasis could improve therapeutic options for bleeding and thrombotic disorders.
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Fan X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Xi Y, Li S, Xiong L, Xing Y. A long transcript mutant of the rubisco activase gene RCA upregulated by the transcription factor Ghd2 enhances drought tolerance in rice. Plant J 2022; 110:673-687. [PMID: 35106849 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Ghd2 increases rice yield potential under normal conditions and accelerates leaf senescence under drought stress. However, its mechanism on the regulation of leaf senescence under drought stress remains unclear. In the present study, to unveil the mechanism, one target of Ghd2, the Rubisco activase gene RCA, was identified through the combined analysis of Ghd2-CRISPR transcriptome data and Ghd2-overexpression microarray data. Ghd2 binds to the 'CACA' motif in the RCA promoter by its CCT domain and upregulates RCA expression. RCA has alternative transcripts, RCAS and RCAL, which are predominantly expressed under normal conditions and drought stress, respectively. Similar to Ghd2-overexpressing plants, RCAL-overexpressing plants were more sensitive to drought stress than the wild-type. However, the plants overexpressing RCAS showed a weak drought-sensitive phenotype. Moreover, RCAL knockdown and knockout plants did not show yield loss under normal conditions, but exhibited enhanced drought tolerance and delayed leaf senescence. The chlorophyll content, the free amino acid content and the expression of senescence-related genes in the RCAL mutant were lower than those in the wild-type plants under drought stress. In summary, Ghd2 induces leaf senescence by upregulating RCAL expression under drought stress, and the RCAL mutant has important values in breeding drought-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhanyi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanli Xi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangle Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Al‐Qahtani SM, Gadalla SE, Guo M, Ericsson C, Hägerstrand D, Nistér M. The association between Annexin A2 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule in breast cancer cells. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1498. [PMID: 34240826 PMCID: PMC9124509 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a type I transmembrane and glycosylated protein, which is overexpressed in many neoplasms. However, EpCAM has no known ligand partners and the mechanisms by which it functions are not fully understood. AIM This study was performed to discover novel partners of EpCAM, which may provide a better understanding of its functions. METHODS The membrane fraction of the ERα+ noninvasive breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 was extracted and followed by co-immunoprecipitation of EpCAM using C-10, a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against amino acids 24-93 of the EpCAM molecule. As a negative control, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T were used since they express a negligible amount of EpCAM and are known as EpCAM-/low ERα-/low invasive and tumorigenic breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS Annexin A2 (ANXA2) was found to be selectively and differentially co-immunoprecipitated with EpCAM in the ERα+ breast cancer cells MCF-7 and ZR-75-1. ANXA2 is a multifunctional protein and known to act as a co-receptor for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on the surface of endothelial and cancer cells, thereby affecting fibrinolytic activity and neoangiogenesis as well as invasive and metastatic properties. In this study, the association between EpCAM and ANXA2 was found to affect the activity of tPA. CONCLUSION This study concludes that ANXA2 co-localizes with EpCAM at the plasma membrane, and the co-localization may have functional implications. Data suggest that EpCAM supports ANXA2 to function as a co-receptor for the tPA, and that EpCAM has a regulatory function on the expression and subcellular localization of ANXA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Misfer Al‐Qahtani
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Najran University HospitalNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Min Guo
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Suganami M, Konno S, Maruhashi R, Takagi D, Tazoe Y, Wada S, Yamamoto H, Shikanai T, Ishida H, Suzuki Y, Makino A. Expression of flavodiiron protein rescues defects in electron transport around PSI resulting from overproduction of Rubisco activase in rice. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2589-2600. [PMID: 35134146 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fragility of photosystem I has been observed in transgenic rice plants that overproduce Rubisco activase (RCA). In this study, we examined the effects of RCA overproduction on the sensitivity of PSI to photoinhibition in three lines of plants overexpressing RCA (RCA-ox). In all the RCA-ox plants the quantum yield of PSI [Y(I)] decreased whilst in contrast the quantum yield of acceptor-side limitation of PSI [Y(NA)] increased, especially under low light conditions. In the transgenic line with the highest RCA content (RCA-ox 1), the quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] and CO2 assimilation also decreased under low light. When leaves were exposed to high light (2000 μmol photon m-2 s-1) for 60 min, the maximal activity of PSI (Pm) drastically decreased in RCA-ox 1. These results suggested that overproduction of RCA disturbs PSI electron transport control, thus increasing the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition. When flavodiiron protein (FLV), which functions as a large electron sink downstream of PSI, was expressed in the RCA-ox 1 background (RCA-FLV), PSI and PSII parameters, and CO2 assimilation were recovered to wild-type levels. Thus, expression of FLV restored the robustness of PSI in RCA-ox plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Suganami
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - So Konno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ryo Maruhashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Youshi Tazoe
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Godinez A, Rajput R, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Basavarajappa D, Sharma S, You Y, Pushpitha K, Dhiman K, Mirzaei M, Graham S, Gupta V. Neuroserpin, a crucial regulator for axogenesis, synaptic modelling and cell-cell interactions in the pathophysiology of neurological disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:172. [PMID: 35244780 PMCID: PMC8897380 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is an axonally secreted serpin that is involved in regulating plasminogen and its enzyme activators, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The protein has been increasingly shown to play key roles in neuronal development, plasticity, maturation and synaptic refinement. The proteinase inhibitor may function both independently and through tPA-dependent mechanisms. Herein, we discuss the recent evidence regarding the role of neuroserpin in healthy and diseased conditions and highlight the participation of the serpin in various cellular signalling pathways. Several polymorphisms and mutations have also been identified in the protein that may affect the serpin conformation, leading to polymer formation and its intracellular accumulation. The current understanding of the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, glaucoma, stroke, neuropsychiatric disorders and familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is presented. To truly understand the detrimental consequences of neuroserpin dysfunction and the effective therapeutic targeting of this molecule in pathological conditions, a cross-disciplinary understanding of neuroserpin alterations and its cellular signaling networks is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kunal Dhiman
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Demirel E, Sabouni R, Chandra N, Slayden OD, Archer DF. The Plasminogen Activator System, Glucocorticoid, and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Primate Endometrium During Artificial Menstrual Cycles. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:1001-1019. [PMID: 34796470 PMCID: PMC8863636 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a key mechanism in fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling, the plasminogen activator system has been suggested in the process of endometrial shedding and tissue remodeling. Previous studies have explored the role of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors as well as elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in shaping the morphology of the endometrium. This study investigates the distribution and concentrations of the mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 within the endometrial stroma, glandular, and endothelial cells of the primate endometrium during artificial menstrual cycles. Our immunohistochemistry quantification shows mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors are ubiquitously distributed within the macaque endometrium with their patterns of expression following similar fluctuations to urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators particularly within the endometrial vasculature. These proteins are present in endometrial vasculature in high levels during the proliferative phase, decreasing levels during the secretory phase followed by rising levels in the menstrual phase. These similarities could suggest overlapping pathways and interactions between the plasminogen activator system and the steroid receptors within the endometrium. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids and the role of plasminogen activators in endometrial breakdown, the glucocorticoid receptor may be contributing to stabilizing the endometrium by regulating plasminogen activators during the proliferative phase and menstruation. Furthermore, given the anti-mineralocorticoid properties of certain anti-androgenic progestins and their reduced unscheduled uterine bleeding patterns, the mineralocorticoid receptor may be involved in unscheduled endometrial bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Demirel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, 300 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Reem Sabouni
- The Clinical Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Neelima Chandra
- The Clinical Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Ov D Slayden
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - David F Archer
- The Clinical Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Li S, Jia H, Liu Z, Wang N, Guo X, Cao M, Fang F, Yang J, Li J, He Q, Guo R, Zhang T, Kang K, Wang Z, Liu S, Cao Y, Jiang X, Ren G, Wang K, Yu B, Xiao W, Li D. Fibroblast growth factor-21 as a novel metabolic factor for regulating thrombotic homeostasis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:400. [PMID: 35013379 PMCID: PMC8748457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) performs a wide range of biological functions in organisms. Here, we report for the first time that FGF-21 suppresses thrombus formation with no notable risk of bleeding. Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of FGF-21 significantly improved the degree of vascular stenosis and reduced the thrombus area, volume and burden. We determined the antithrombotic mechanism of FGF-21, demonstrating that FGF-21 exhibits an anticoagulant effect by inhibiting the expression and activity of factor VII (FVII). FGF-21 exerts an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting platelet activation. FGF-21 enhances fibrinolysis by promoting tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression and activation, while inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) expression and activation. We further found that FGF-21 mediated the expression and activation of tPA and PAI-1 by regulating the ERK1/2 and TGF-β/Smad2 pathways, respectively. In addition, we found that FGF-21 inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors in thrombosis by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihang Liu
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Guo
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhua Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Li
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi He
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Kang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbao Wang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Cao
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghao Jiang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiping Ren
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, People's Republic of China.
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Hendley SA, Bhargava A, Holland CK, Wool GD, Ahmed O, Paul JD, Bader KB. (More than) doubling down: Effective fibrinolysis at a reduced rt-PA dose for catheter-directed thrombolysis combined with histotripsy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261567. [PMID: 34982784 PMCID: PMC8726487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For acute proximal deep vein thrombosis, catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy is an accepted method for vessel recanalization. Thrombolytic therapy is not without risk, including the potential for hemorrhagic bleeding that increases with lytic dose. Histotripsy is a focused ultrasound therapy that generates bubble clouds spontaneously in tissue at depth. The mechanical activity of histotripsy increases the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy at doses consistent with current pharmacomechanical treatments for venous thrombosis. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of lytic dose on histotripsy-enhanced fibrinolysis. Human whole blood clots formed in vitro were exposed to histotripsy and a thrombolytic agent (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, rt-PA) in a venous flow model perfused with plasma. Lytic was administered into the clot via an infusion catheter at concentrations ranging from 0 (control) to 4.54 μg/mL (a common clinical dose for catheter-directed thrombolysis). Following treatment, perfusate samples were assayed for markers of fibrinolysis, hemolysis, and intact red blood cells and platelets. Fibrinolysis was equivalent between the common clinical dose of rt-PA (4.54 μg/mL) and rt-PA at a reduction to one-twentieth of the common clinical dose (0.23 μg/mL) when combined with histotripsy. Minimal changes were observed in hemolysis for treatment arms with or without histotripsy, potentially due to clot damage from insertion of the infusion catheter. Likewise, histotripsy did not increase the concentration of red blood cells or platelets in the perfusate following treatment compared to rt-PA alone. At the highest lytic dose, a refined histotripsy exposure scheme was implemented to cover larger areas of the clot. The updated exposure scheme improved clot mass loss and fibrinolysis relative to administration of lytic alone. Overall, the data collected in this study indicate the rt-PA dose can be reduced by more than a factor of ten and still promote fibrinolysis when combined with histotripsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Hendley
- Committee on Medical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aarushi Bhargava
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christy K. Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey D. Wool
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Osman Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth B. Bader
- Committee on Medical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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42
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Ismail AA, Shaker BT, Bajou K. The Plasminogen-Activator Plasmin System in Physiological and Pathophysiological Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010337. [PMID: 35008762 PMCID: PMC8745544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process associated with the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (EC) to form new blood vessels. It is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions and is controlled by a wide range of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules. The plasminogen activator–plasmin system plays a major role in the extracellular matrix remodeling process necessary for angiogenesis. Urokinase/tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA/tPA) convert plasminogen into the active enzyme plasmin, which in turn activates matrix metalloproteinases and degrades the extracellular matrix releasing growth factors and proangiogenic molecules such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the main inhibitor of uPA and tPA, thereby an inhibitor of pericellular proteolysis and intravascular fibrinolysis, respectively. Paradoxically, PAI-1, which is expressed by EC during angiogenesis, is elevated in several cancers and is found to promote angiogenesis by regulating plasmin-mediated proteolysis and by promoting cellular migration through vitronectin. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) also induces EC cellular migration during angiogenesis via interacting with signaling partners. Understanding the molecular functions of the plasminogen activator plasmin system and targeting angiogenesis via blocking serine proteases or their interactions with other molecules is one of the major therapeutic strategies scientists have been attracted to in controlling tumor growth and other pathological conditions characterized by neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Anwar Ismail
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.I.); (B.T.S.)
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Baraah Tariq Shaker
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.I.); (B.T.S.)
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Bajou
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.I.); (B.T.S.)
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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43
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Hedou E, Douceau S, Chevilley A, Varangot A, Thiebaut AM, Triniac H, Bardou I, Ali C, Maillasson M, Crepaldi T, Comoglio P, Lemarchand E, Agin V, Roussel BD, Vivien D. Two-Chains Tissue Plasminogen Activator Unifies Met and NMDA Receptor Signalling to Control Neuronal Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413483. [PMID: 34948279 PMCID: PMC8707453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) plays roles in the development and the plasticity of the nervous system. Here, we demonstrate in neurons, that by opposition to the single chain form (sc-tPA), the two-chains form of tPA (tc-tPA) activates the MET receptor, leading to the recruitment of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and to the endocytosis and proteasome-dependent degradation of NMDARs containing the GluN2B subunit. Accordingly, tc-tPA down-regulated GluN2B-NMDAR-driven signalling, a process prevented by blockers of HGFR/MET and mimicked by its agonists, leading to a modulation of neuronal death. Thus, our present study unmasks a new mechanism of action of tPA, with its two-chains form mediating a crosstalk between MET and the GluN2B subunit of NMDARs to control neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hedou
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Sara Douceau
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Arnaud Chevilley
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Alexandre Varangot
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Audrey M. Thiebaut
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Hortense Triniac
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Isabelle Bardou
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Mike Maillasson
- University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm UMR1232, CNRS ERL6001, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, CRCINA, Impact Platform, 44200 Nantes, France;
| | - Tiziana Crepaldi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy; (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Comoglio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy; (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Eloïse Lemarchand
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Véronique Agin
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Benoit D. Roussel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-31470166; Fax: +33-2-31470222
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; (E.H.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.M.T.); (H.T.); (I.B.); (C.A.); (V.A.); (D.V.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
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Seillier C, Hélie P, Petit G, Vivien D, Clemente D, Le Mauff B, Docagne F, Toutirais O. Roles of the tissue-type plasminogen activator in immune response. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104451. [PMID: 34781155 PMCID: PMC8577548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has once again
brought to the forefront the existence of a tight link between the
coagulation/fibrinolytic system and the immunologic processes.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease with a key
role in fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen into plasmin that can
finally degrade fibrin clots. tPA is released in the blood by endothelial
cells and hepatocytes but is also produced by various types of immune
cells including T cells and monocytes. Beyond its role on hemostasis, tPA
is also a potent modulator of inflammation and is involved in the
regulation of several inflammatory diseases. Here, after a brief
description of tPA structure, we review its new functions in adaptive
immunity focusing on T cells and antigen presenting cells. We intend to
synthesize the recent knowledge on proteolysis- and receptor-mediated
effects of tPA on immune response in physiological and pathological
context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Seillier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Pauline Hélie
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Gautier Petit
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France
| | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Brigitte Le Mauff
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France.
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Yao L, Zhou Y, Li J, Wickens L, Conforti F, Rattu A, Ibrahim FM, Alzetani A, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Hancock D, Wallis T, Downward J, Ewing RM, Richeldi L, Skipp P, Davies DE, Jones MG, Wang Y. Bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk provides self-sustaining profibrotic signals in pulmonary fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101096. [PMID: 34418430 PMCID: PMC8435701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the prototypic progressive fibrotic lung disease with a median survival of 2 to 4 years. Injury to and/or dysfunction of the alveolar epithelium is strongly implicated in IPF disease initiation, but the factors that determine whether fibrosis progresses rather than normal tissue repair occurs remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells augments transforming growth factor-β-induced profibrogenic responses in underlying lung fibroblasts via paracrine signaling. Here, we investigated bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and its potential to drive fibrosis progression. RNA-Seq of lung fibroblasts exposed to conditioned media from ATII cells undergoing RAS-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition identified many differentially expressed genes including those involved in cell migration and extracellular matrix regulation. We confirmed that paracrine signaling between RAS-activated ATII cells and fibroblasts augmented fibroblast recruitment and demonstrated that this involved a zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1-tissue plasminogen activator axis. In a reciprocal fashion, paracrine signaling from transforming growth factor-β-activated lung fibroblasts or IPF fibroblasts induced RAS activation in ATII cells, at least partially through the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, which may signal via the epithelial growth factor receptor via epithelial growth factor-like repeats. Together, these data identify that aberrant bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in IPF drives a chronic feedback loop that maintains a wound-healing phenotype and provides self-sustaining profibrotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Wickens
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Rattu
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Fathima Maneesha Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ben G Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie V Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David Hancock
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Wallis
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Skipp
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G Jones
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Belvedere R, Morretta E, Pessolano E, Novizio N, Tosco A, Porta A, Whiteford J, Perretti M, Filippelli A, Monti MC, Petrella A. Mesoglycan exerts its fibrinolytic effect through the activation of annexin A2. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4926-4943. [PMID: 33284486 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesoglycan is a drug based on a mixture of glycosaminoglycans mainly used for the treatment of blood vessel diseases acting as antithrombotic and profibrinolytic drugs. Besides the numerous clinical studies, there is no information about its function on the fibrinolytic cascade. Here, we have elucidated the mechanism of action by which mesoglycan induces the activation of plasmin from endothelial cells. Surprisingly, by a proteomic analysis, we found that, following mesoglycan treatment, these cells show a notable amount of annexin A2 (ANXA2) at the plasma membrane. This protein has been widely associated with fibrinolysis and appears able to move to the membrane when phosphorylated. In our model, this translocation has proven to enhance cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the interaction of mesoglycan with syndecan 4 (SDC4), a coreceptor belonging to the class of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, represents the upstream event of the ANXA2 behavior. Indeed, the activation of SDC4 triggers the motility of endothelial cells culminating in angiogenesis. Interestingly, mesoglycan can induce the release of plasmin in endothelial cell supernatants only in the presence of ANXA2. This evaluation suggests that mesoglycan triggers the formation of a chain mechanism starting from the activation of SDC4, and the related cascade of events, including src complex and PKCα activation, promoting the phosphorylation of ANXA2 and its translocation to plasma membrane. This indicates a connection among mesoglycan, SDC4-(PKCα-src), and ANXA2 which, in turn, links the tissue plasminogen activator bringing it closer to plasminogen. This latter is so cleaved to release the plasmin and degrade fibrin sleeves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elva Morretta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - James Whiteford
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
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Fatima S, Ansari S, Bano S, Ahamad S, Ishqi HM, Tabish M, Gupta D, Rehman SU, Jairajpuri MA. Detection of truncated isoforms of human neuroserpin lacking the reactive center loop: Implications in noninhibitory role. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:941-952. [PMID: 33893722 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor expressed mainly in the brain and at low levels in other tissues like the kidney, testis, heart, and spinal cord. It is involved in the inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasmin, and to a lesser extent, urokinase-type plasminogen (uPA). Neuroserpin has also been shown to plays noninhibitory roles in the regulation of N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. It is involved in neuroprotection from seizure and stroke through tPA-mediated inhibition and also through its other protease targets. Mutations in critical domains of neuroserpin lead to its polymerization and neuronal death. In this study, a novel truncated isoform of human neuroserpin was identified in the brain and liver, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR and DNA sequencing using exon-specific primers. Structural characterization of novel isoform using MD simulations studies indicated that it lacks the reactive center loop (RCL) but largely maintains its secondary structure fold. The novel truncated variant was cloned, expressed, and purified. A comparative intrinsic fluorescence and 4,4'-bis-1-anilino naphthalene 8-sulfonate studies revealed a decrease in fluorescence emission intensity and a more exposed hydrophobic surface as compared to the reported isoform. However, the novel isoform has lost its ability for tPA inhibition and complex formation. The absence of RCL indicates a noninhibitory role for the truncated isoform, prompting a detailed search and identification of two smaller isoforms in the human brain. With indications of the noninhibitory role of neuroserpin, identifying novel isoforms that appear to be without the tPA recognition domain is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shoyab Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shadabi Bano
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hassan Mubarak Ishqi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh M. University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh M. University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Komorowicz E, Balázs N, Tanka-Salamon A, Varga Z, Szabó L, Bóta A, Longstaff C, Kolev K. Size- and charge-dependent modulation of the lytic susceptibility and mechanical stability of fibrin-histone clots by heparin and polyphosphate variants. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1307-1318. [PMID: 33609065 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) containing DNA and histones are expelled from neutrophils in infection and thrombosis. Heparins, anticoagulant polyanions, can neutralize histones with a potential therapeutic advantage in sepsis. Polyphosphates, procoagulant polyanions, are released by platelets and microorganisms. OBJECTIVES To characterize the combined effects of NET components and polyanions on clot structure, mechanical properties and lytic susceptibility. METHODS Scanning electron microscopy, pressure-driven permeation, turbidimetry, and oscillation rheometry were used for the characterization of the structure, viscoelasticity, and kinetics of formation and lysis of fibrin and plasma clots containing histones+/-DNA in combination with unfractionated heparin, its desulfated derivatives, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), pentasaccharide, and polyphosphates of different sizes. RESULTS Histones and DNA inhibited fibrin lysis by plasmin, but this behavior was not neutralized by negatively charged heparins or short polyphosphates. Rather, fibrin lysis was further inhibited by added polyanions. Histones inhibited plasma clot lysis by tissue plasminogen activator and the response to added heparin was size dependent. Unfractionated heparin, LMWH, and pentasaccharide had no effect, exacerbated, or reversed histone inhibition, respectively. Histones increased the mechanical strength of fibrin, which was exacerbated by smaller heparin and polyphosphate molecules. Histones increased fibrin diameter and pore size of fibrin clots and this effect was neutralized by all heparin variants but enhanced by polyphosphates. CONCLUSIONS Despite their common polyanionic character, heparins and polyphosphates exert distinct effects on fibrin mechanical and fibrinolytic stability. Anti-fibrinolytic effects of histones were more often enhanced by polyanions not counteracted. Careful selection of anti-histone strategies is required if they are to be combined with thrombolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Komorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Balázs
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Tanka-Salamon
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Colin Longstaff
- Biotherapeutics, Haemostasis Section, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, UK
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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49
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Das L, Banki MA, Azmoon P, Pizzo D, Gonias SL. Enzymatically Inactive Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Reverses Disease Progression in the Dextran Sulfate Sodium Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Am J Pathol 2021; 191:590-601. [PMID: 33465348 PMCID: PMC8101053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatically inactive tissue-type plasminogen activator (EI-tPA) does not activate fibrinolysis, but interacts with the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in macrophages to block innate immune system responses mediated by toll-like receptors. Herein, we examined the ability of EI-tPA to treat colitis in mice, induced by dextran sulfate sodium. In two separate studies, designed to generate colitis of differing severity, a single dose of EI-tPA administered after inflammation established significantly improved disease parameters. EI-tPA-treated mice demonstrated improved weight gain. Stools improved in character and became hemoccult negative. Abdominal tenderness decreased. Colon shortening significantly decreased in EI-tPA-treated mice, suggesting attenuation of irreversible tissue damage and remodeling. Furthermore, histopathologic evidence of disease decreased in the distal 25% of the colon in EI-tPA-treated mice. EI-tPA did not decrease the number of CD45-positive leukocytes or F4/80-positive macrophage-like cells detected in extracts of colons from dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice as assessed by flow cytometry. However, multiple colon cell types expressed the NMDA-R, suggesting the ability of diverse cells, including CD3-positive cells, CD103-positive cells, Ly6G-positive cells, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive epithelial cells to respond to EI-tPA. Mesenchymal cells that line intestinal crypts and provide barrier function expressed LRP1, thereby representing another potential target for EI-tPA. These results demonstrate that the NMDA-R/LRP1 receptor system may be a target for drug development in diseases characterized by tissue damage and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipsa Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael A Banki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Donald Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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50
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Sabouni R, Archer DF, Jacot T. Drospirenone Effects on the Plasminogen Activator System in Immortalized Human Endometrial Endothelial Cells. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:1974-1980. [PMID: 33559058 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Drospirenone (DRSP) is a fourth-generation progestin that interacts with the progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) in addition to uniquely interacting to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The known effects of DRSP via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) are limited. This study seeks to determine if DRSP alters plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in human immortalized endometrial endothelial cells (HEEC) and if such changes in the plasminogen activator system (PAS) are mediated through the MR or AR. The in vitro cell culture experiments utilizing an immortalized human endometrial endothelial cell line evaluated two concentrations of DRSP on PAI-1 and tPA levels in the culture media using specific enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA). Experiments adding DRSP with an androgen receptor blocker, flutamide, or a mineralocorticoid receptor agonist, aldosterone, were performed to elucidate which receptor(s) mediated the PAS effects. DRSP 10 μM significantly decreased both HEEC levels of PAI-1 and tPA to 0.75 ± 0.04 and 0.82 ± 0.05 of control, respectively. These direct effects were blunted by flutamide, an AR antagonist. PAI-1 and tPA were not changed by the MR agonist, aldosterone. DRSP significantly decreased both PAI-1 and tPA in the HEECs via the androgen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Sabouni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine/Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - David F Archer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine/Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Terry Jacot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine/Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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