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Chen Z, Wang S, Pottekat A, Duffey A, Jang I, Chang BH, Cho J, Finck BN, Davidson NO, Kaufman RJ. Conditional hepatocyte ablation of PDIA1 uncovers indispensable roles in both APOB and MTTP folding to support VLDL secretion. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101874. [PMID: 38211723 PMCID: PMC10832468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The assembly and secretion of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plays pivotal roles in hepatic and plasma lipid homeostasis. Protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1/P4HB) is a molecular chaperone whose functions are essential for protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we investigated the physiological requirement in vivo for PDIA1 in maintaining VLDL assembly and secretion. METHODS Pdia1/P4hb was conditionally deleted in adult mouse hepatocytes and the phenotypes characterized. Mechanistic analyses in primary hepatocytes determined how PDIA1 ablation alters MTTP synthesis and degradation as well as altering synthesis and secretion of Apolipoprotein B (APOB), along with complementary expression of intact PDIA1 vs a catalytically inactivated PDIA1 mutant. RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Pdia1/P4hb inhibited hepatic MTTP expression and dramatically reduced VLDL production, leading to severe hepatic steatosis and hypolipidemia. Pdia1-deletion did not affect mRNA expression or protein stability of MTTP but rather prevented Mttp mRNA translation. We demonstrate an essential role for PDIA1 in MTTP synthesis and function and show that PDIA1 interacts with APOB in an MTTP-independent manner via its molecular chaperone function to support APOB folding and secretion. CONCLUSIONS PDIA1 plays indispensable roles in APOB folding, MTTP synthesis and activity to support VLDL assembly. Thus, like APOB and MTTP, PDIA1 is an obligatory component of hepatic VLDL production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouji Chen
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA.
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Anita Pottekat
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Alec Duffey
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Insook Jang
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Benny H Chang
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA.
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Gugliucci A. The chylomicron saga: time to focus on postprandial metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1322869. [PMID: 38303975 PMCID: PMC10830840 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1322869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Since statins have had such tremendous therapeutic success over the last three decades, the field of atherosclerosis has become somewhat LDL-centric, dismissing the relevance of triglycerides (TG), particularly chylomicrons, in atherogenesis. Nonetheless, 50% of patients who take statins are at risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and are unable to achieve their goal LDL-C levels. This residual risk is mediated, in part by triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRL) and their remnants. Following his seminal investigation on the subject, Zilversmit proposed that atherosclerosis is a postprandial event in 1979 (1-4). In essence, the concept suggests that remnant cholesterol-rich chylomicron (CM) and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles play a role in atherogenesis. Given the foregoing, this narrative review addresses the most recent improvements in our understanding of postprandial dyslipidemia. The primary metabolic pathways of chylomicrons are discussed, emphasizing the critical physiological role of lipoprotein lipase and apoCIII, the importance of these particles' fluxes in the postprandial period, their catabolic rate, the complexities of testing postprandial metabolism, and the role of angiopoietin-like proteins in the partition of CM during the fed cycle. The narrative is rounded out by the dysregulation of postprandial lipid metabolism in insulin resistance states and consequent CVD risk, the clinical evaluation of postprandial dyslipidemia, current research limits, and potential future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
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Nagatomo A, Kohno M, Kawakami H, Manse Y, Morikawa T. Inhibitory effect of trans-tiliroside on very low-density lipoprotein secretion in HepG2 cells and mouse liver. J Nat Med 2024; 78:180-190. [PMID: 37973705 PMCID: PMC10764534 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An acylated flavonol glycoside, trans-tiliroside (1), is found in certain parts of different herbs, including the seeds of Rosa canina (Rosaceae). Previous studies on compound 1 have focused on triglyceride (TG) metabolism, including its anti-obesity and intracellular TG reduction effects. In the present study, the effects of compound 1 on cholesterol (CHO) metabolism were investigated using human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived HepG2 cells and mice. Compound 1 decreased CHO secretion in HepG2 cells, which was enhanced by mevalonate in a concentration-dependent manner and decreased the secretion of apoprotein B (apoB)-100, a marker of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Compound 1 also inhibited the activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer proteins, which mediate VLDL formation from cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver. In vivo, compound 1 inhibited the accumulation of Triton WR-1339-induced TG in the blood of fasted mice and maintained low levels of apoB-100. These results suggest that compound 1 inhibits the secretion of CHO as VLDL from the liver and has the potential for use for the prevention of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Nagatomo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
- Morishita Jintan Co., Ltd., 11-1 Tsudayamate 2-Chome, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0128, Japan.
| | - Mamiko Kohno
- Morishita Jintan Co., Ltd., 11-1 Tsudayamate 2-Chome, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0128, Japan
| | - Hirosato Kawakami
- Morishita Jintan Co., Ltd., 11-1 Tsudayamate 2-Chome, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0128, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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4
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Anithasri A. An ode on the odyssey of lipids. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2024; 52:127-128. [PMID: 37905739 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The poem Ode on the Odyssey of lipoproteins describes the structure, functions and metabolism of lipoproteins namely Chylomicrons, LDL, VLDL and HDL. This poem is a triolet with eight lines in each stanza. Odyssey is the travel experience of an adventurous journey when someone travels far and wide. This poem describes the transport adventures of Lipids when they travel in the form of lipoproteins. The poetic form of describing the metabolism of lipoproteins was intended to kindle the interest of the learners and to gain an imaginary experience in the metabolism of lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbalagan Anithasri
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Villupuram Medical College, Villupuram, India
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Taskinen MR, Matikainen N, Björnson E, Söderlund S, Inkeri J, Hakkarainen A, Parviainen H, Sihlbom C, Thorsell A, Andersson L, Adiels M, Packard CJ, Borén J. Contribution of intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy. Diabetologia 2023; 66:2307-2319. [PMID: 37775612 PMCID: PMC10627993 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study explored the hypothesis that significant abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally derived lipoproteins are present in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy. These abnormalities may contribute to residual CVD risk. METHODS To investigate the kinetics of ApoB-48- and ApoB-100-containing lipoproteins, we performed a secondary analysis of 11 overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes who were treated with lifestyle counselling and on a stable dose of metformin who were from an earlier clinical study, and compared these with 11 control participants frequency-matched for age, BMI and sex. Participants in both groups were on a similar statin regimen during the study. Stable isotope tracers were used to determine the kinetics of the following in response to a standard fat-rich meal: (1) apolipoprotein (Apo)B-48 in chylomicrons and VLDL; (2) ApoB-100 in VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and LDL; and (3) triglyceride (TG) in VLDL. RESULTS The fasting lipid profile did not differ significantly between the two groups. Compared with control participants, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, chylomicron TG and ApoB-48 levels exhibited an approximately twofold higher response to the fat-rich meal, and a twofold higher increment was observed in ApoB-48 particles in the VLDL1 and VLDL2 density ranges (all p < 0.05). Again comparing control participants with individuals with type 2 diabetes, in the latter, total ApoB-48 production was 25% higher (556 ± 57 vs 446 ± 57 mg/day; p < 0.001), conversion (fractional transfer rate) of chylomicrons to VLDL was around 40% lower (35 ± 25 vs 82 ± 58 pools/day; p=0.034) and direct clearance of chylomicrons was 5.6-fold higher (5.6 ± 2.2 vs 1.0 ± 1.8 pools/day; p < 0.001). During the postprandial period, ApoB-48 particles accounted for a higher proportion of total VLDL in individuals with type 2 diabetes (44%) compared with control participants (25%), and these ApoB-48 VLDL particles exhibited a fivefold longer residence time in the circulation (p < 0.01). No between-group differences were seen in the kinetics of ApoB-100 and TG in VLDL, or in LDL ApoB-100 production, pool size and clearance rate. As compared with control participants, the IDL ApoB-100 pool in individuals with type 2 diabetes was higher due to increased conversion from VLDL2. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally derived ApoB-48-containing lipoproteins in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statins may help to explain the residual risk of CVD and may be suitable targets for interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02948777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Matikainen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Inkeri
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helka Parviainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomic Core Facility at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Proteomic Core Facility at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Zhou S, Chen M, Meng M, Ma N, Xie W, Shen X, Li Z, Chang G. Subclinical ketosis leads to lipid metabolism disorder by downregulating the expression of acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9892-9909. [PMID: 37690731 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Ketosis is a metabolic disease that often occurs in dairy cows postpartum and is a result of disordered lipid metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) is important for balancing cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) metabolism; however, its role in subclinical ketotic dairy cows is unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between ACAT2 and lipid metabolism disorders in subclinical ketotic cows through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the in vivo experiment, liver tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy cows (CON, n = 6, β-hydroxybutyric acid [BHBA] concentration <1.0 mM) and subclinical ketotic cows (subclinical ketosis [SCK], n = 6, BHBA concentration = 1.2-3.0 mM) to explore the effect of ACAT2 on lipid metabolism disorders in SCK cows. For the in vitro experiment, bovine hepatocytes (BHEC) were used as the model. The effects of BHBA on ACAT2 and lipid metabolism were investigated via BHBA concentration gradient experiments. Subsequently, the relation between ACAT2 and lipid metabolism disorder was explored by transfection with siRNA of ACAT2. Transcriptomics showed an upregulation of differentially expression genes during lipid metabolism and significantly lower ACAT2 mRNA levels in the SCK group. Compared with the CON group in vivo, the SCK group showed significantly higher expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and sterol regulator element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and significantly lower expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Moreover, the SCK group had a significantly higher liver TG content and significantly lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol content. These results were indicative of TG and cholesterol metabolism disorders in the liver of dairy cows with SCK. Additionally, the SCK group showed an increased expression of perilipin-2 (PLIN2), decreased expression of apolipoprotein B, and decreased plasma concentration of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) by downregulating ACAT2, which indicated an accumulation of TG in liver. In vitro experiments showed that BHBA induced an increase in the TG content of BHEC, decreased content TC, increased expression of PPARγ and SREBP1c, and decreased expression of PPARα, CPT1A, SREBP2, and HMGCR. Additionally, BHBA increased the expression of PLIN2 in BHEC, decreased the expression and fluorescence intensity of ACAT2, and decreased the VLDL and LDL-C contents. Furthermore, silencing ACAT2 expression increased the TG content; decreased the TC, VLDL, and LDL-C contents; decreased the expression of HMGCR and SREBP2; and increased the expression of SREBP1c; but had no effect on the expression of PLIN2. These results suggest that ACAT2 downregulation in BHEC promotes TG accumulation and inhibits cholesterol synthesis, leading to TG and cholesterol metabolic disorders. In conclusion, ACAT2 downregulation in the SCK group inhibited cholesterol synthesis, increased TG synthesis, and reduced the contents of VLDL and LDL-C, eventually leading to disordered TG and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shendong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Chen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xie
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China; Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia, P. R. China.
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Clay R, Siddiqi S, Siddiqi SA. α-Tocopherol reduces VLDL secretion through modulation of intracellular ER-to-Golgi transport of VLDL. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:554-564. [PMID: 37683292 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Avoiding hepatic steatosis is crucial for preventing liver dysfunction, and one mechanism by which this is accomplished is through synchronization of the rate of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis with its secretion. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport of nascent VLDL is the rate-limiting step in its secretion and is mediated by the VLDL transport vesicle (VTV). Recent in vivo studies have indicated that α-tocopherol (α-T) supplementation can reverse steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but its effects on hepatic lipoprotein metabolism are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of α-T on hepatic VLDL synthesis, secretion, and intracellular ER-to-Golgi VLDL trafficking using an in vitro model. Pulse-chase assays using [3H]-oleic acid and 100 µmol/L α-T demonstrated a disruption of early VLDL synthesis, resulting in enhanced apolipoprotein B-100 expression, decreased expression in markers for VTV budding, ER-to-Golgi VLDL transport, and reduced VLDL secretion. Additionally, an in vitro VTV budding assay indicated a significant decrease in VTV production and VTV-Golgi fusion. Confocal imaging of lipid droplet (LD) localization revealed a decrease in overall LD retention, diminished presence of ER-associated LDs, and an increase in Golgi-level LD retention. We conclude that α-T disrupts ER-to-Golgi VLDL transport by modulating the expression of specific proteins and thus reduces VLDL secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Clay
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Shaila Siddiqi
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Shadab A Siddiqi
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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van Zwol W, Rimbert A, Wolters JC, Smit M, Bloks VW, Kloosterhuis NJ, Huijkman NCA, Koster MH, Tharehalli U, de Neck SM, Bournez C, Fuh MM, Kuipers J, Rajan S, de Bruin A, Ginsberg HN, van Westen GJP, Hussain MM, Scheja L, Heeren J, Zimmerman P, van de Sluis B, Kuivenhoven JA. Loss of hepatic SMLR1 causes hepatosteatosis and protects against atherosclerosis due to decreased hepatic VLDL secretion. Hepatology 2023; 78:1418-1432. [PMID: 36053190 PMCID: PMC10581432 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The assembly and secretion of VLDL from the liver, a pathway that affects hepatic and plasma lipids, remains incompletely understood. We set out to identify players in the VLDL biogenesis pathway by identifying genes that are co-expressed with the MTTP gene that encodes for microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, key to the lipidation of apolipoprotein B, the core protein of VLDL. Using human and murine transcriptomic data sets, we identified small leucine-rich protein 1 ( SMLR1 ), encoding for small leucine-rich protein 1, a protein of unknown function that is exclusively expressed in liver and small intestine. APPROACH AND RESULTS To assess the role of SMLR1 in the liver, we used somatic CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 gene editing to silence murine Smlr1 in hepatocytes ( Smlr1 -LKO). When fed a chow diet, male and female mice show hepatic steatosis, reduced plasma apolipoprotein B and triglycerides, and reduced VLDL secretion without affecting microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity. Immunofluorescence studies show that SMLR1 is in the endoplasmic reticulum and Cis-Golgi complex. The loss of hepatic SMLR1 in female mice protects against diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis but causes NASH. On a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet, insulin and glucose tolerance tests did not reveal differences in male Smlr1 -LKO mice versus controls. CONCLUSIONS We propose a role for SMLR1 in the trafficking of VLDL from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Cis-Golgi complex. While this study uncovers SMLR1 as a player in the VLDL assembly, trafficking, and secretion pathway, it also shows that NASH can occur with undisturbed glucose homeostasis and atheroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemien van Zwol
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette C. A. Huijkman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H. Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Umesh Tharehalli
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon M. de Neck
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Colin Bournez
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marceline M. Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg−Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gerard J. P. van Westen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg−Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg−Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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9
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Martens H. [The lipidosis in the liver of the dairy cow: Part 2 Genetic predisposition and prophylaxis]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2023; 51:305-313. [PMID: 37956673 DOI: 10.1055/a-2178-8847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows is the result of a disturbed balance between the uptake of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), their metabolism in the hepatocytes, and the limited efflux of TG as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Lipidosis and the associated risk for ketosis represents a consequence of selecting dairy cows primarily for milk production without considering the basic physiological mechanisms of this trait. The overall risk for lipidosis and ketosis possesses a genetic background and the recently released new breeding value of the German Holstein Friesian cows now sets the path for correction of this risk and in that confirms the assumed genetic threat. Ectopic fat deposition in the liver is the result of various steps including lipolysis, uptake of fat by the liver cell, its metabolism, and finally release as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). These reactions may be modulated directly or indirectly and hence, serve as basis for prophylactic measures. The pertaining methods are described in order to support an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of lipidosis and ketosis. They consist of feeding a glucogenic diet, restricted feeding during the close-up time as well as supplementation with choline, niacin, carnitine, or the reduction of milking frequency. Prophylactic measures for the prevention of ketosis are also included in this discussion.
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10
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Ustsinau U, Ehret V, Fürnsinn C, Scherer T, Helbich TH, Hacker M, Krššák M, Philippe C. Novel approach using [ 18F]FTHA-PET and de novo synthesized VLDL for assessment of FFA metabolism in a rat model of diet induced NAFLD. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1839-1848. [PMID: 37625314 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The worldwide prevalence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) raises concerns about associated risk factors, such as obesity and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, for leading causes of disability and death. Besides Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Spectroscopy (MRS), functional imaging with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) could contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Here we describe a novel approach using the PET tracer [18F]FTHA, which is an analog of long-chain free fatty acids (FFA) and is taken up by tissues to enter mitochondria or to be incorporated into complex lipids for further export as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats, after 6 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD), were used as a model of diet induced NAFLD, while a standard diet (SD) served as a control group. Liver fat was estimated by MR spectroscopy at a 9.4 T system for phenotyping. To measure hepatic FFA uptake, rats underwent 60 min dynamic [18F]FTHA-PET scans after unrestricted access to food (HFD: n = 6; SD: n = 6) or overnight (≤16h) fasting (HFD: n = 6; SD: n = 5). FFA removal was assessed from incorporated 18F-residual in de novo synthesized VLDL out of plasma. RESULTS MRS of the liver confirmed the presence of NAFLD (>5.6% fat). Under non-fasting conditions, hepatic [18F]FTHA uptake was significantly increased in NAFLD: SUVmean (p = 0.03) within [0; 60] min interval, SUVmean (p = 0.01) and SUVmax (p = 0.03) within [30; 60] min interval. SUVs for hepatic uptake under fasting conditions were not significantly different between the groups. Analysis of FFA removal demonstrated elevated values of 18F-residue in the VLDL plasma fraction of the healthy group compared to the NAFLD (p = 0.0569). CONCLUSION Our novel approach for assessing FFA metabolism using [18F]FTHA demonstrated differences in the hepatic FFA uptake and FFA incorporation into VLDL between healthy and NAFLD rats. [18F]FTHA-PET could be used to study metabolic disturbances involved in the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usevalad Ustsinau
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Ehret
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Fürnsinn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Dai W, Zhang H, Lund H, Zhang Z, Castleberry M, Rodriguez M, Kuriakose G, Gupta S, Lewandowska M, Powers HR, Valmiki S, Zhu J, Shapiro AD, Hussain MM, López JA, Sorci-Thomas MG, Silverstein RL, Ginsberg HN, Sahoo D, Tabas I, Zheng Z. Intracellular tPA-PAI-1 interaction determines VLDL assembly in hepatocytes. Science 2023; 381:eadh5207. [PMID: 37651538 PMCID: PMC10697821 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoproteins initiate and promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity is negatively associated with atherogenic apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in humans, but the mechanisms are unknown. We found that tPA, partially through the lysine-binding site on its Kringle 2 domain, binds to the N terminus of apoB, blocking the interaction between apoB and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in hepatocytes, thereby reducing very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and plasma apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) sequesters tPA away from apoB and increases VLDL assembly. Humans with PAI-1 deficiency have smaller VLDL particles and lower plasma levels of apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol. These results suggest a mechanism that fine-tunes VLDL assembly by intracellular interactions among tPA, PAI-1, and apoB in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Maya Rodriguez
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - George Kuriakose
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | | | - Hayley R. Powers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Swati Valmiki
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amy D. Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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12
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Yildirim V, ter Horst KW, Gilijamse PW, van Harskamp D, Schierbeek H, Jansen H, Schimmel AW, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK, Serlie MJ, van Riel NA, Dallinga-Thie GM. Bariatric surgery improves postprandial VLDL kinetics and restores insulin-mediated regulation of hepatic VLDL production. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166905. [PMID: 37432744 PMCID: PMC10543721 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia in obesity results from excessive production and impaired clearance of triglyceride-rich (TG-rich) lipoproteins, which are particularly pronounced in the postprandial state. Here, we investigated the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on postprandial VLDL1 and VLDL2 apoB and TG kinetics and their relationship with insulin-responsiveness indices. Morbidly obese patients without diabetes who were scheduled for RYGB surgery (n = 24) underwent a lipoprotein kinetics study during a mixed-meal test and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study before the surgery and 1 year later. A physiologically based computational model was developed to investigate the impact of RYGB surgery and plasma insulin on postprandial VLDL kinetics. After the surgery, VLDL1 apoB and TG production rates were significantly decreased, whereas VLDL2 apoB and TG production rates remained unchanged. The TG catabolic rate was increased in both VLDL1 and VLDL2 fractions, but only the VLDL2 apoB catabolic rate tended to increase. Furthermore, postsurgery VLDL1 apoB and TG production rates, but not those of VLDL2, were positively correlated with insulin resistance. Insulin-mediated stimulation of peripheral lipoprotein lipolysis was also improved after the surgery. In summary, RYGB resulted in reduced hepatic VLDL1 production that correlated with reduced insulin resistance, elevated VLDL2 clearance, and improved insulin sensitivity in lipoprotein lipolysis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vehpi Yildirim
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | | | - Dewi van Harskamp
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Schierbeek
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Jansen
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alinda W.M. Schimmel
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Natal A.W. van Riel
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Spaulding SC, Choudhary V, Bollag WB. Phospholipase D mediates very low-density lipoprotein-induced aldosterone production, in part, via lipin-1. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:e220196. [PMID: 36779781 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone is considered to be a link between hypertension and obesity; obese individuals have high serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL has been shown to induce aldosterone production in multiple adrenal zona glomerulosa models, mediated in part by phospholipase D (PLD). PLD is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to produce phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipid second messenger that can also be dephosphorylated by lipin to yield diacylglycerol (DAG), yet another lipid signal. However, it is unclear which of the two lipid second messengers, PA or DAG, underlies PLD's mediation of aldosterone production. We hypothesized that the key signal produced by PLD (indirectly) is DAG such that PLD mediates VLDL-induced aldosterone production via lipin-mediated metabolism of PA to DAG. To assess the role of lipin in VLDL-induced aldosterone production, lipin-1 was overexpressed (using an adenovirus) or inhibited (using propranolol) in HAC15 cells followed by treatment with or without VLDL. Lipin-1 overexpression enhanced the VLDL-stimulated increase in CYP11B2 expression (by 75%), and lipin-1 inhibition decreased the VLDL-stimulated increase in CYP11B2 expression (by 66%). Similarly, the VLDL-stimulated increase in aldosterone production was enhanced by lipin-1 overexpression (182%) and was decreased by lipin inhibition (80%). Our results are suggestive of DAG being the key lipid signal since manipulating lipin-1 levels/activity affects VLDL-stimulated steroidogenic gene expression and ultimately, aldosterone production. Our study warrants further investigation into VLDL-stimulated steroidogenic signaling pathways which may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, such as lipin-1 and its downstream pathways, to potentially treat obesity-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini C Spaulding
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Deprince A, Hennuyer N, Kooijman S, Pronk ACM, Baugé E, Lienard V, Verrijken A, Dirinck E, Vonghia L, Woitrain E, Kloosterhuis NJ, Marez E, Jacquemain P, Wolters JC, Lalloyer F, Eberlé D, Quemener S, Vallez E, Tailleux A, Kouach M, Goossens J, Raverdy V, Derudas B, Kuivenhoven JA, Croyal M, van de Sluis B, Francque S, Pattou F, Rensen PCN, Staels B, Haas JT. Apolipoprotein F is reduced in humans with steatosis and controls plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Hepatology 2023; 77:1287-1302. [PMID: 35735979 PMCID: PMC10026963 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAFLD affects nearly 25% of the global population. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death among patients with NAFLD, in line with highly prevalent dyslipidemia in this population. Increased plasma triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (TRL) concentrations, an important risk factor for CVD, are closely linked with hepatic TG content. Therefore, it is of great interest to identify regulatory mechanisms of hepatic TRL production and remnant uptake in the setting of hepatic steatosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To identify liver-regulated pathways linking intrahepatic and plasma TG metabolism, we performed transcriptomic analysis of liver biopsies from two independent cohorts of obese patients. Hepatic encoding apolipoprotein F ( APOF ) expression showed the fourth-strongest negatively correlation with hepatic steatosis and the strongest negative correlation with plasma TG levels. The effects of adenoviral-mediated human ApoF (hApoF) overexpression on plasma and hepatic TG were assessed in C57BL6/J mice. Surprisingly, hApoF overexpression increased both hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG secretion and hepatic lipoprotein remnant clearance, associated a ~25% reduction in plasma TG levels. Conversely, reducing endogenous ApoF expression reduced VLDL secretion in vivo , and reduced hepatocyte VLDL uptake by ~15% in vitro . Transcriptomic analysis of APOF -overexpressing mouse livers revealed a gene signature related to enhanced ApoB-lipoprotein clearance, including increased expression of Ldlr and Lrp1 , among others. CONCLUSION These data reveal a previously undescribed role for ApoF in the control of plasma and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism by favoring VLDL-TG secretion and hepatic lipoprotein remnant particle clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Deprince
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C. M. Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Baugé
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Viktor Lienard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eloïse Woitrain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Niels J. Kloosterhuis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eléonore Marez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Pauline Jacquemain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Lalloyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Mostafa Kouach
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365‐GRITA‐Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Jean‐Francois Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365‐GRITA‐Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 ‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
- CRNH‐Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 ‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Joel T. Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
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Shin KC, Huh JY, Ji Y, Han JS, Han SM, Park J, Nahmgoong H, Lee WT, Jeon YG, Kim B, Park C, Kang H, Choe SS, Kim JB. VLDL-VLDLR axis facilitates brown fat thermogenesis through replenishment of lipid fuels and PPARβ/δ activation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111806. [PMID: 36516764 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized to conduct non-shivering thermogenesis for survival under cold acclimation. Although emerging evidence suggests that lipid metabolites are essential for heat generation in cold-activated BAT, the underlying mechanisms of lipid uptake in BAT have not been thoroughly understood. Here, we show that very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) uptaken by VLDL receptor (VLDLR) plays important roles in thermogenic execution in BAT. Compared with wild-type mice, VLDLR knockout mice exhibit impaired thermogenic features. Mechanistically, VLDLR-mediated VLDL uptake provides energy sources for mitochondrial oxidation via lysosomal processing, subsequently enhancing thermogenic activity in brown adipocytes. Moreover, the VLDL-VLDLR axis potentiates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ activity with thermogenic gene expression in BAT. Accordingly, VLDL-induced thermogenic capacity is attenuated in brown-adipocyte-specific PPARβ/δ knockout mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the VLDL-VLDLR axis in brown adipocytes is a key factor for thermogenic execution during cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Cheul Shin
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bohyeon Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chanyoon Park
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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16
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Heebøll S, Risikesan J, Ringgaard S, Kumarathas I, Sandahl TD, Grønbæk H, Søndergaard E, Nielsen S. Impaired Glucagon-Mediated Suppression of VLDL-Triglyceride Secretion in Individuals With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Diabetes 2022; 71:2402-2411. [PMID: 36001750 PMCID: PMC9630084 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have elevated plasma lipids as well as glucagon, although glucagon suppresses hepatic VLDL-triglyceride (TG) secretion. We hypothesize that the sensitivity to glucagon in hepatic lipid metabolism is impaired in MAFLD. We recruited 11 subjects with severe MAFLD (MAFLD+), 10 with mild MAFLD (MAFLD-), and 7 overweight control (CON) subjects. We performed a pancreatic clamp with a somatostatin analog (octreotide) to suppress endogenous hormone production, combined with infusion of low-dose glucagon (0.65 ng/kg/min, t = 0-270 min, LowGlucagon), followed by high-dose glucagon (1.5 ng/kg/min, t = 270-450 min, HighGlucagon). VLDL-TG and glucose tracers were used to evaluate VLDL-TG kinetics and endogenous glucose production (EGP). HighGlucagon suppressed VLDL-TG secretion compared with LowGlucagon. This suppression was markedly attenuated in MAFLD subjects compared with CON subjects (MAFLD+: 13% ± [SEM] 5%; MAFLD-: 10% ± 3%; CON: 36% ± 7%, P < 0.01), with no difference between MAFLD groups. VLDL-TG concentration and VLDL-TG oxidation rate increased between LowGlucagon and HighGlucagon in MAFLD+ subjects compared with CON subjects. EGP transiently increased during HighGlucagon without any difference between the three groups. Individuals with MAFLD have a reduced sensitivity to glucagon in the hepatic TG metabolism, which could contribute to the dyslipidemia seen in MAFLD patients. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04042142.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Heebøll
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Corresponding author: Sara Heebøll,
| | - Jeyanthini Risikesan
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital Viborg, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgaard
- Magnetic Resonance Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Indumathi Kumarathas
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas D. Sandahl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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17
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Singh S, Zahoor I, Sharma N, Behl T, Kanojia N, Sehgal A, Mohan S, Almoshari Y, Salawi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Insights into the pivotal role of statins and its nanoformulations in hyperlipidemia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:76514-76531. [PMID: 36161571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is the primary cause of heart disorders and has been manifested as the condition with remarkable higher levels of very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, intermediate-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and cholesterol in blood circulation. Genetic causes or systemic metabolic illnesses like diabetes mellitus, increased alcohol consumption, hypothyroidism, and primary biliary cirrhosis are several reasons behind development of hyperlipidemia. Higher levels of lipids and lipoproteins in plasma are responsible for various health disorders in human body like occlusion of blood vessels, acute pancreatitis, and reduced artery lumen elasticity. Both primary and secondary prophylaxis of heart disease can be achieved through combination of pharmacologic therapy with therapeutic lifestyle adjustments. Statins which belongs to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are preferred for primary prevention of hyperlipidemia particularly for individuals at higher risk of development of heart disease. This review discusses the recent advancements and outcomes of nanoparticle drug carriers for statins in the therapy of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Ishrat Zahoor
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi-248007, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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18
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Degoricija V, Klobučar I, Potočnjak I, Dokoza Terešak S, Vidović L, Pregartner G, Berghold A, Habisch H, Madl T, Frank S. Cholesterol Content of Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins Is Associated with 1-Year Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101542. [PMID: 36291751 PMCID: PMC9599569 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the relationship between the extent of metabolic derangement and the disease severity in heart failure, we hypothesized that the lipid content of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) may have prognostic value for 1 year mortality in acute heart failure (AHF). Baseline serum levels of VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), VLDL triglycerides (VLDL-TG), VLDL phospholipids (VLDL-PL), and VLDL apolipoprotein B (VLDL-apoB) were measured using NMR spectroscopy. We calculated the ratios of the respective VLDL lipids and VLDL apoB (VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB, VLDL-TG/VLDL-apoB, and VLDL-PL/VLDL-apoB), as estimators of the cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid content of VLDL particles and tested their association with mortality. Out of 315 AHF patients, 118 (37.5%) patients died within 1 year after hospitalization for AHF. Univariable Cox regression analyses revealed a significant inverse association of VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB (hazard ratio (HR) 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29−0.64, p < 0.001), VLDL-TG/VLDL-apoB (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71−0.88, p < 0.001), and VLDL-PL/VLDL-apoB (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25−0.56, p < 0.001) with 1 year mortality. Of the tested parameters, only VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB remained significant after adjustment for age and sex, as well as other clinical and laboratory parameters that showed a significant association with 1 year mortality in the univariable analyses. We conclude that cholesterol content of circulating VLDL (VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB) might be of prognostic value in AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Degoricija
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Klobučar
- Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Potočnjak
- Institute for Clinical Medical Research and Education, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanda Dokoza Terešak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Vidović
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics und Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics und Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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19
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Shen X, Zhang Y, Ji X, Li B, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Zou R, Qin D, Zhou H, Wang Q, Li JZ. Long Noncoding RNA lncRHL Regulates Hepatic VLDL Secretion by Modulating hnRNPU/BMAL1/MTTP Axis. Diabetes 2022; 71:1915-1928. [PMID: 35771993 PMCID: PMC9862400 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatic VLDL secretion contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hyperlipidemia. Accumulating evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) had malfunctioning roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. However, the function of lncRNAs in controlling hepatic VLDL secretion remains largely unillustrated. Here, we identified a novel lncRNA, lncRNA regulator of hyperlipidemia (lncRHL), which was liver-enriched, downregulated on high-fat diet feeding, and inhibited by oleic acid treatment in primary hepatocytes. With genetic manipulation in mice and primary hepatocytes, depletion of lncRHL induces hepatic VLDL secretion accompanied by decreased hepatic lipid contents. Conversely, lncRHL restoration reduces VLDL secretion with increased lipid deposition in hepatocytes. Mechanistic analyses indicate that lncRHL binds directly to heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein U (hnRNPU), and thereby enhances its stability, and that hnRNPU can transcriptional activate Bmal1, leading to inhibition of VLDL secretion in hepatocytes. lncRHL deficiency accelerates the protein degradation of hnRNPU and suppresses the transcription of Bmal1, which in turn activates VLDL secretion in hepatocytes. With results taken together, we conclude that lncRHL is a novel suppressor of hepatic VLDL secretion. Activating the lncRHL/hnRNPU/BMAL1/MTTP axis represents a potential strategy for the maintenance of intrahepatic and plasma lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuetao Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - John Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
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20
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Pramfalk C, Ahmed O, Pedrelli M, Minniti ME, Luquet S, Denis RG, Olin M, Härdfeldt J, Vedin LL, Steffensen KR, Rydén M, Hodson L, Eriksson M, Parini P. Soat2 ties cholesterol metabolism to β-oxidation and glucose tolerance in male mice. J Intern Med 2022; 292:296-307. [PMID: 34982494 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (Soat2) encodes acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), which synthesizes cholesteryl esters in hepatocytes and enterocytes fated either to storage or to secretion into nascent triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. OBJECTIVES We aimed to unravel the molecular mechanisms leading to reduced hepatic steatosis when Soat2 is depleted in mice. METHODS Soat2-/- and wild-type mice were fed a high-fat, a high-carbohydrate, or a chow diet, and parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed. RESULTS Glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), and insulin tolerance tests significantly improved in Soat2-/- mice, irrespective of the dietary regimes (2-way ANOVA). The significant positive correlations between area under the curve (AUC) OGTT (r = 0.66, p < 0.05), serum fasting insulin (r = 0.86, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (r = 0.86, p < 0.05), Adipo-IR (0.87, p < 0.05), hepatic triglycerides (TGs) (r = 0.89, p < 0.05), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG (r = 0.87, p < 0.05) and the hepatic cholesteryl esters in wild-type mice disappeared in Soat2-/- mice. Genetic depletion of Soat2 also increased whole-body oxidation by 30% (p < 0.05) compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ACAT2-generated cholesteryl esters negatively affect the metabolic control by retaining TG in the liver and that genetic inhibition of Soat2 improves liver steatosis via partitioning of lipids into secretory (VLDL-TG) and oxidative (fatty acids) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pramfalk
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osman Ahmed
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirko E Minniti
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria Olin
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Härdfeldt
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lise-Lotte Vedin
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut R Steffensen
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, UK
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Lawitz EJ, Li KW, Nyangau E, Field TJ, Chuang JC, Billin A, Wang L, Wang Y, Huss RS, Chung C, Subramanian GM, Myers RP, Hellerstein MK. Elevated de novo lipogenesis, slow liver triglyceride turnover and clinical correlations in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100250. [PMID: 35835205 PMCID: PMC9424583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis (DNL) converts carbon substrates to lipids. Increased hepatic DNL could contribute to pathogenic liver triglyceride accumulation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and therefore may be a potential target for pharmacological intervention. Here, we measured hepatic DNL using heavy water in 123 NASH patients with fibrosis or cirrhosis, calculated the turnover of hepatic triglycerides to allow repeat labeling studies and determined the associations of hepatic DNL with metabolic, fibrotic, and imaging markers. We found that hepatic DNL was higher in fibrotic NASH patients [median (IQR), 40.7% contribution to palmitate (32.1, 47.5), n=103] than has been previously reported in healthy volunteers and remained elevated [median (IQR), 36.8% (31.0, 44.5), n=20] in patients with cirrhosis, despite lower liver fat content. We also showed that turnover of intrahepatic triglyceride pools was slow (t½ >10 days). Furthermore, DNL contribution was determined to be independent of liver stiffness by magnetic resonance imaging, but was positively associated with the number of large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, the size of VLDL, the lipoprotein insulin resistance score, and levels of ApoB100 (r=0.6, p=0.07), and trended towards negative associations with the fibrosis markers FIB-4, FibroSure and APRI. Finally, we found treatment with the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor firsocostat reduced hepatic DNL at 4 and 12 weeks, using a correction model for residual label that accounts for hepatic triglyceride turnover. Taken together, these data support an important pathophysiological role for elevated hepatic DNL in NASH, and demonstrate that response to pharmacological agents targeting DNL can be correlated with pre-treatment DNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Lawitz
- Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kelvin W Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Edna Nyangau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Tyler John Field
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Lulu Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, Californi, USA
| | - Ya Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, Californi, USA
| | - Ryan S Huss
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, Californi, USA
| | - Chuhan Chung
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, Californi, USA
| | | | | | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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22
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Lin H, Wang L, Liu Z, Long K, Kong M, Ye D, Chen X, Wang K, Wu KKL, Fan M, Song E, Wang C, Hoo RLC, Hui X, Hallenborg P, Piao H, Xu A, Cheng KKY. Hepatic MDM2 Causes Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Blocking Triglyceride-VLDL Secretion via ApoB Degradation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200742. [PMID: 35524581 PMCID: PMC9284139 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional triglyceride-very low-density lipoprotein (TG-VLDL) metabolism is linked to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); however, the underlying cause remains unclear. The study shows that hepatic E3 ubiquitin ligase murine double minute 2 (MDM2) controls MAFLD by blocking TG-VLDL secretion. A remarkable upregulation of MDM2 is observed in the livers of human and mouse models with different levels of severity of MAFLD. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of MDM2 protects against high-fat high-cholesterol diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, accompanied by a significant elevation in TG-VLDL secretion. As an E3 ubiquitin ligase, MDM2 targets apolipoprotein B (ApoB) for proteasomal degradation through direct protein-protein interaction, which leads to reduced TG-VLDL secretion in hepatocytes. Pharmacological blockage of the MDM2-ApoB interaction alleviates dietary-induced hepatic steatohepatitis and fibrosis by inducing hepatic ApoB expression and subsequent TG-VLDL secretion. The effect of MDM2 on VLDL metabolism is p53-independent. Collectively, these findings suggest that MDM2 acts as a negative regulator of hepatic ApoB levels and TG-VLDL secretion in MAFLD. Inhibition of the MDM2-ApoB interaction may represent a potential therapeutic approach for MAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huige Lin
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Zhuohao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- Department of NeurosurgeryShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000P. R. China
| | - Kekao Long
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
| | - Mengjie Kong
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of EducationGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou510000P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
| | - Kelvin KL Wu
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of EducationGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou510000P. R. China
| | - Erfei Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510000P. R. China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510000P. R. China
| | - Ruby LC Hoo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Philip Hallenborg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkSouthern Denmark5230Denmark
| | - Hailong Piao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116000P. R. China
| | - Aimin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Kenneth KY Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
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Stellaard F. From Dietary Cholesterol to Blood Cholesterol, Physiological Lipid Fluxes, and Cholesterol Homeostasis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081643. [PMID: 35458205 PMCID: PMC9025004 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol (C) is a major contributor to the endogenous C pool, and it affects the serum concentration of total C, particularly the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). A high serum concentration of LDL-C is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This concentration is dependent on hepatic C metabolism creating a balance between C input (absorption and synthesis) and C elimination (conversion to bile acids and fecal excretion). The daily C absorption rate is determined by dietary C intake, biliary C secretion, direct trans-intestinal C excretion (TICE), and the fractional C absorption rate. Hepatic C metabolism coordinates C fluxes entering the liver via chylomicron remnants (CMR), LDL, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), hepatic C synthesis, and those leaving the liver via very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), biliary secretion, and bile acid synthesis. The knowns and the unknowns of this C homeostasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans Stellaard
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM (School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism), Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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24
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Huang JK, Lee HC. Emerging Evidence of Pathological Roles of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084300. [PMID: 35457118 PMCID: PMC9031540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embraced with apolipoproteins (Apo) B and Apo E, triglyceride-enriched very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is secreted by the liver into circulation, mainly during post-meal hours. Here, we present a brief review of the physiological role of VLDL and a systemic review of the emerging evidence supporting its pathological roles. VLDL promotes atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome (MetS). VLDL isolated from subjects with MetS exhibits cytotoxicity to atrial myocytes, induces atrial myopathy, and promotes vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. VLDL levels are affected by a number of endocrinological disorders and can be increased by therapeutic supplementation with cortisol, growth hormone, progesterone, and estrogen. VLDL promotes aldosterone secretion, which contributes to hypertension. VLDL induces neuroinflammation, leading to cognitive dysfunction. VLDL levels are also correlated with chronic kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, and some dermatological diseases. The extra-hepatic secretion of VLDL derived from intestinal dysbiosis is suggested to be harmful. Emerging evidence suggests disturbed VLDL metabolism in sleep disorders and in cancer development and progression. In addition to VLDL, the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) may affect both VLDL metabolism and carcinogenesis. Overall, emerging evidence supports the pathological roles of VLDL in multi-organ diseases. To better understand the fundamental mechanisms of how VLDL promotes disease development, elucidation of the quality control of VLDL and of the regulation and signaling of VLDLR should be indispensable. With this, successful VLDL-targeted therapies can be discovered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Kai Huang
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 7741)
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25
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Lee C, Kim J, Han J, Oh D, Kim M, Jeong H, Kim TJ, Kim SW, Kim JN, Seo YS, Suzuki A, Kim JH, Jung Y. Formyl peptide receptor 2 determines sex-specific differences in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:578. [PMID: 35102146 PMCID: PMC8803937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important health concern worldwide and progresses into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although prevalence and severity of NAFLD/NASH are higher in men than premenopausal women, it remains unclear how sex affects NAFLD/NASH pathophysiology. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) modulates inflammatory responses in several organs; however, its role in the liver is unknown. Here we show that FPR2 mediates sex-specific responses to diet-induced NAFLD/NASH. NASH-like liver injury was induced in both sexes during choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) feeding, but compared with females, male mice had more severe hepatic damage. Fpr2 was more highly expressed in hepatocytes and healthy livers from females than males, and FPR2 deletion exacerbated liver damage in CDAHFD-fed female mice. Estradiol induced Fpr2 expression, which protected hepatocytes and the liver from damage. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that FPR2 mediates sex-specific responses to diet-induced NAFLD/NASH, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Oh
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeong Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Nam Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Abstract
Liver plays a central role in lipid metabolism, uptake of lipoproteins and lipids from the circulation (e.g., chylomicron remnant), and secretions of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Therefore, measurements of lipid levels in the liver have been broadly used to check hepatic function, especially in subjects who have chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in which there is accumulation of fat, inflammation, and damage to liver cells. In this chapter, we describe the processes of extracting hepatic lipids by the method of Folch et al., and measuring the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and non-esterified fatty acids using enzymatic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Forman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Hu Y, Cai M, Zhong H, Chu W, Hu Y. A Study on How Methionine Restriction Decreases the Body's Hepatic and Lipid Deposition in Rice Field Eel ( Monopterus albus). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413379. [PMID: 34948174 PMCID: PMC8705440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction reduces animal lipid deposition. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how the body reacts to the condition and regulates lipid metabolism remains unknown. In this study, a feeding trial was performed on rice field eel Monopterus albus with six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds that included different levels of methionine (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/kg). Compared with M0 (0 g/kg), the crude lipid and crude protein of M. albus increased markedly in M8 (8 g/kg) (p < 0.05), serum (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-esterified free fatty acids), and hepatic contents (hepatic lipase, apolipoprotein-A, fatty acid synthetase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprteinlipase). However, in the serum, very-low-density lipoprotein and hepatic contents (hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase, Acetyl CoA carboxylase, carnitine palmitoyltransterase, and mirosomal triglygeride transfer protein) decreased markedly in M8 (p < 0.05). The contents of hepatic C18:2n-6, C22:6n-3, and n-3PUFA in the M8 group were significantly higher than those in M0 (p < 0.05), and the contents of lipid droplets in M8 were higher than those in M0. Compared with M0, the hepatic gcn2, eif2α, hsl, mttp, ldlrap, pparα, cpt1, and cpt2 were remarkably downregulated in M8, while srebf2, lpl, moat2, dgat2, hdlbp, srebf1, fas, fads2, me1, pfae, and icdh were markedly upregulated in M8. Moreover, hepatic SREBP1 and FAS protein expression were upregulated significantly in M8 (p < 0.01). In short, methionine restriction decreased the lipid deposition of M. albus, especially for hepatic lipid deposition, and mainly downregulated hepatic fatty acid metabolism. Besides, gcn2 could be activated under methionine restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Hu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (M.C.); (H.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Minglang Cai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (M.C.); (H.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (M.C.); (H.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410000, China;
| | - Yi Hu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (M.C.); (H.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence:
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28
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Fang W, Chen Q, Cui K, Chen Q, Li X, Xu N, Mai K, Ai Q. Lipid overload impairs hepatic VLDL secretion via oxidative stress-mediated PKCδ-HNF4α-MTP pathway in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:213-225. [PMID: 34116177 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid overload-induced hepatic steatosis is a major public health problem worldwide. However, the potential molecular mechanism is not completely understood. Herein, we found that high-fat diet (HFD) or oleic acid (OA) treatment induced oxidative stress which prevented the entry of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) into the nucleus by activating protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) in vivo and in vitro in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). This reduced the level of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) transcription, resulting in the impaired secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and the abnormal accumulation of triglyceride (TG) in hepatocytes. Meanwhile, the detrimental effects induced by lipid overload could be partly alleviated by pretreating hepatocytes with Go6983 (PKCδ inhibitor) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger). In conclusion, for the first time, we revealed that lipid overload impaired hepatic VLDL secretion via oxidative stress-mediated PKCδ-HNF4α-MTP pathway in fish. This study may provide critical insights into potential intervention strategies against lipid overload-induced hepatic steatosis of fish and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or as recently proposed 'metabolic-associated fatty liver disease' (MAFLD), is characterized by pathological accumulation of triglycerides and other lipids in hepatocytes. This common disease can progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, and eventually end-stage liver diseases. MAFLD is closely related to disturbances in systemic energy metabolism, including insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. SCOPE OF REVIEW The liver is the central organ in lipid metabolism by secreting very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and, on the other hand, by internalizing fatty acids and lipoproteins. This review article discusses recent research addressing hepatic lipid synthesis, VLDL production, and lipoprotein internalization as well as the lipid exchange between adipose tissue and the liver in the context of MAFLD. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Liver steatosis in MAFLD is triggered by excessive hepatic triglyceride synthesis utilizing fatty acids derived from white adipose tissue (WAT), de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and endocytosed remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In consequence of high hepatic lipid content, VLDL secretion is enhanced, which is the primary cause of complex dyslipidemia typical for subjects with MAFLD. Interventions reducing VLDL secretory capacity attenuate dyslipidemia while they exacerbate MAFLD, indicating that the balance of lipid storage versus secretion in hepatocytes is a critical parameter determining disease outcome. Proof of concept studies have shown that promoting lipid storage and energy combustion in adipose tissues reduces hepatic lipid load and thus ameliorates MAFLD. Moreover, hepatocellular triglyceride synthesis from DNL and WAT-derived fatty acids can be targeted to treat MAFLD. However, more research is needed to understand how individual transporters, enzymes, and their isoforms affect steatosis and dyslipidemia in vivo, and whether these two aspects of MAFLD can be selectively treated. Processing of cholesterol-enriched lipoproteins appears less important for steatosis. It may, however, modulate inflammation and consequently MAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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30
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Hoogerland JA, Peeks F, Hijmans BS, Wolters JC, Kooijman S, Bos T, Bleeker A, van Dijk TH, Wolters H, Gerding A, van Eunen K, Havinga R, Pronk ACM, Rensen PCN, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Kuipers F, Reijngoud D, Derks TGJ, Oosterveer MH. Impaired Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein catabolism links hypoglycemia to hypertriglyceridemia in Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:879-892. [PMID: 33739445 PMCID: PMC8360207 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of hypertriglyceridemia is one of the biomedical targets in Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia (GSD Ia) patients, yet it is unclear how hypoglycemia links to plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. We analyzed whole-body TG metabolism in normoglycemic (fed) and hypoglycemic (fasted) hepatocyte-specific glucose-6-phosphatase deficient (L-G6pc-/- ) mice. De novo fatty acid synthesis contributed substantially to hepatic TG accumulation in normoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice. In hypoglycemic conditions, enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis was the main driver of liver steatosis, supported by elevated free fatty acid concentrations in GSD Ia mice and GSD Ia patients. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were increased in GSD Ia patients and in normoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice, and further elevated in hypoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice. VLDL-TG secretion rates were doubled in normo- and hypoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice, while VLDL-TG catabolism was selectively inhibited in hypoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice. In conclusion, fasting-induced hypoglycemia in L-G6pc-/- mice promotes adipose tissue lipolysis and arrests VLDL catabolism. This mechanism likely contributes to aggravated liver steatosis and dyslipidemia in GSD Ia patients with poor glycemic control and may explain clinical heterogeneity in hypertriglyceridemia between GSD Ia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A. Hoogerland
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabian Peeks
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's HospitalUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Brenda S. Hijmans
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Bos
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Aycha Bleeker
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Theo H. van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Wolters
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Karen van Eunen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Amanda C. M. Pronk
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213LyonFrance
- Université de LyonLyonFrance
- Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213LyonFrance
- Université de LyonLyonFrance
- Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk‐Jan Reijngoud
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Terry G. J. Derks
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's HospitalUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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31
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Lytle KA, Bush NC, Triay JM, Kellogg TA, Kendrick ML, Swain JM, Gathaiya NW, Hames KC, Jensen MD. Adipocyte Proteins and Storage of Endogenous Fatty Acids in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Severe Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1014-1021. [PMID: 33893721 PMCID: PMC8154683 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested whether substrate concentrations or fatty acid storage proteins predict storage of endogenous lipids in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and upper body subcutaneous adipose tissue (UBSQ) fat. METHODS The day prior to surgery, 25 patients undergoing bariatric procedures received an infusion of autologous [1-14 C]triolein-labeled very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, and during surgery, they received a continuous [U-13 C]palmitate infusion/bolus [9,10-3 H]palmitate tracer. VAT and UBSQ fat were collected to measure VLDL-triglyceride (TG) storage, direct free fatty acid (FFA) storage rates, CD36 content, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acyl-CoA synthetase, diacylglycerol acetyl-transferase, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activities. RESULTS Storage of VLDL-TG and FFA-palmitate in UBSQ and VAT was not different. Plasma palmitate concentrations correlated with palmitate storage rates in UBSQ and VAT (r = 0.46, P = 0.02 and r = 0.46, P = 0.02, respectively). In VAT, VLDL-TG storage was correlated with VLDL concentrations (r = 0.53, P < 0.009) and LPL (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). In UBSQ, VLDL-TG storage was correlated with LPL (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). CD36, acyl-CoA synthetase, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, and diacylglycerol acetyl-transferase were not correlated with VLDL-TG or palmitate storage. CONCLUSIONS Adipose storage of VLDL-TG is predicted by VLDL-TG concentrations and LPL; FFA concentrations predict direct adipose tissue FFA storage rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A. Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nikki C. Bush
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Todd A. Kellogg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - James M. Swain
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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32
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Shrestha P, Adepu S, Vivès RR, Masri RE, Klooster A, Kaptein F, Dam W, Bakker SJL, van Goor H, van de Sluis B, van den Born J. Hypercholesterolemia in Progressive Renal Failure Is Associated with Changes in Hepatic Heparan Sulfate - PCSK9 Interaction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1371-1388. [PMID: 33758009 PMCID: PMC8259657 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor in CKD. The liver clears triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) via LDL receptor (LDLR), LDLR-related protein-1 (LRP-1), and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), mostly syndecan-1. HSPGs also facilitate LDLR degradation by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Progressive renal failure affects the structure and activity of hepatic lipoprotein receptors, PCSK9, and plasma cholesterol. METHODS Uninephrectomy- and aging-induced CKD in normotensive Wistar rats and hypertensive Munich-Wistar-Frömter (MWF) rats. RESULTS Compared with 22-week-old sex- and strain-matched rats, 48-week-old uninephrectomized Wistar-CKD and MWF-CKD rats showed proteinuria, increased plasma creatinine, and hypercholesterolemia (all P<0.05), which were most apparent in hypertensive MWF-CKD rats. Hepatic PCSK9 expression increased in both CKD groups (P<0.05), with unusual sinusoidal localization, which was not seen in 22-week-old rats. Heparan sulfate (HS) disaccharide analysis, staining with anti-HS mAbs, and mRNA expression of HS polymerase exostosin-1 (Ext-1), revealed elongated HS chains in both CKD groups. Solid-phase competition assays showed that the PCSK9 interaction with heparin-albumin (HS-proteoglycan analogue) was critically dependent on polysaccharide chain length. VLDL binding to HS from CKD livers was reduced (P<0.05). Proteinuria and plasma creatinine strongly associated with plasma cholesterol, PCSK9, and HS changes. CONCLUSIONS Progressive CKD induces hepatic HS elongation, leading to increased interaction with PCSK9. This might reduce hepatic lipoprotein uptake and thereby induce dyslipidemia in CKD. Therefore, PCSK9/HS may be a novel target to control dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyi Shrestha
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saritha Adepu
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romain R. Vivès
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Institute of Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Rana El Masri
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Institute of Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Astrid Klooster
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur Kaptein
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Real JT, Ascaso JF. Lipid metabolism and classification of hyperlipaemias. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2021; 33 Suppl 1:3-9. [PMID: 33966810 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This chapter summarises, and updates, lipid metabolism. Both pathways, exogenous metabolisms route via the chylomicrons, and the endogenous pathway of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The reverse cholesterol metabolism will also be mentioned. It also includes the current classification of hyperlipidaemias or hyperlipoproteinaemias, with a reminder of the phenotype classification, and further developments of the aetiological classification. Both parts have updated references, with which knowledge of this vast subject can be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- José T Real
- Unidad de Lípidos y Prevención Cardiovascular, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, España; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas - CIBERDEM, ISCIII, Madrid, España
| | - Juan F Ascaso
- Departamento de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, España; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas - CIBERDEM, ISCIII, Madrid, España.
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Ibarretxe D, Masana L. Triglyceride metabolism and classification of hypertriglyceridemias. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2021; 33 Suppl 2:1-6. [PMID: 34006348 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triglycerides (TG) are the most important molecules for the energy reserve of our body. After their hepatic or intestinal synthesis from fatty acids, they are carried by chylomicrons (QM (intestinal origin) or VLDL (hepatic origin) in plasma. Their catabolism is determined by the action of the lipoprotein lipase protein complex (LPL) and the hepatic receptors (RLDL and LRP-1) are responsible for their clearance are. Changes in the production or catabolism leads to hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG). The HTG are classified according to severity as, mild-moderate (150-885mg/dl), severe (>885mg/dl), or very severe (>1770mg/dl). They can be primary and secondary depending on origin. In the main primary form is highlighted Familial Chylomicronaemia Syndrome (CFS), a very severe form due to mutations in the LPL gene or associated proteins. Most HTG are due to a combination of genetic and environmental predisposing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Ibarretxe
- Unitat de Medicina Vascular i Metabolisme, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Tarragona, España; Unitat de Reçerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Tarragona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, España.
| | - Lluís Masana
- Unitat de Medicina Vascular i Metabolisme, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Tarragona, España; Unitat de Reçerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Tarragona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, España
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Dallinga MG, Habani YI, Schimmel AWM, Dallinga-Thie GM, van Noorden CJF, Klaassen I, Schlingemann RO. The Role of Heparan Sulfate and Neuropilin 2 in VEGFA Signaling in Human Endothelial Tip Cells and Non-Tip Cells during Angiogenesis In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040926. [PMID: 33923753 PMCID: PMC8073389 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) regulates endothelial cell (EC) survival, tip cell formation, and stalk cell proliferation via VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). VEGFR2 can interact with VEGFR2 co-receptors such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and neuropilin 2 (NRP2), but the exact roles of these co-receptors, or of sulfatase 2 (SULF2), an enzyme that removes sulfate groups from HSPGs and inhibits HSPG-mediated uptake of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), in angiogenesis and tip cell biology are unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether the modulation of binding of VEGFA to VEGFR2 by knockdown of SULF2 or NRP2 affects sprouting angiogenesis, tip cell formation, proliferation of non-tip cells, and EC survival, or uptake of VLDL. To this end, we employed VEGFA splice variant 121, which lacks an HSPG binding domain, and VEGFA splice variant 165, which does have this domain, in in vitro models of angiogenic tip cells and vascular sprouting. We conclude that VEGFA165 and VEGFA121 have similar inducing effects on tip cells and sprouting in vitro, and that the binding of VEGFA165 to HSPGs in the extracellular matrix does not seem to play a role, as knockdown of SULF2 did not alter these effects. Co-binding of NRP2 appears to regulate VEGFA–VEGFR2-induced sprout initiation, but not tip cell formation. Finally, as the addition of VLDL increased sprout formation but not tip cell formation, and as VLDL uptake was limited to non-tip cells, our findings suggest that VLDL plays a role in sprout formation by providing biomass for stalk cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marchien G. Dallinga
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
| | - Yasmin I. Habani
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
| | - Alinda W. M. Schimmel
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.W.M.S.); (G.M.D.-T.)
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.W.M.S.); (G.M.D.-T.)
| | - Cornelis J. F. van Noorden
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Reinier O. Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Avenue de France 15, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Allard J, Bucher S, Massart J, Ferron PJ, Le Guillou D, Loyant R, Daniel Y, Launay Y, Buron N, Begriche K, Borgne-Sanchez A, Fromenty B. Drug-induced hepatic steatosis in absence of severe mitochondrial dysfunction in HepaRG cells: proof of multiple mechanism-based toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:151-175. [PMID: 32535746 PMCID: PMC8012331 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Steatosis is a liver lesion reported with numerous pharmaceuticals. Prior studies showed that severe impairment of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mtFAO) constantly leads to lipid accretion in liver. However, much less is known about the mechanism(s) of drug-induced steatosis in the absence of severe mitochondrial dysfunction, although previous studies suggested the involvement of mild-to-moderate inhibition of mtFAO, increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and impairment of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion. The objective of our study, mainly carried out in human hepatoma HepaRG cells, was to investigate these 3 mechanisms with 12 drugs able to induce steatosis in human: amiodarone (AMIO, used as positive control), allopurinol (ALLO), D-penicillamine (DPEN), 5-fluorouracil (5FU), indinavir (INDI), indomethacin (INDO), methimazole (METHI), methotrexate (METHO), nifedipine (NIF), rifampicin (RIF), sulindac (SUL), and troglitazone (TRO). Hepatic cells were exposed to drugs for 4 days with concentrations decreasing ATP level by less than 30% as compared to control and not exceeding 100 × Cmax. Among the 12 drugs, AMIO, ALLO, 5FU, INDI, INDO, METHO, RIF, SUL, and TRO induced steatosis in HepaRG cells. AMIO, INDO, and RIF decreased mtFAO. AMIO, INDO, and SUL enhanced DNL. ALLO, 5FU, INDI, INDO, SUL, RIF, and TRO impaired VLDL secretion. These seven drugs reduced the mRNA level of genes playing a major role in VLDL assembly and also induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, in the absence of severe mitochondrial dysfunction, drug-induced steatosis can be triggered by different mechanisms, although impairment of VLDL secretion seems more frequently involved, possibly as a consequence of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Allard
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Simon Bucher
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Julie Massart
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Ferron
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
- HCS Pharma, 250 rue Salvador Allende, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Dounia Le Guillou
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Roxane Loyant
- MITOLOGICS S.A.S, Faculté de Médecine, rue du Général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Yoann Daniel
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Youenn Launay
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nelly Buron
- MITOLOGICS S.A.S, Faculté de Médecine, rue du Général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Karima Begriche
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Annie Borgne-Sanchez
- MITOLOGICS S.A.S, Faculté de Médecine, rue du Général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Walker RE, Savinova OV, Pedersen TL, Newman JW, Shearer GC. Effects of inflammation and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition on oxylipin composition of very low-density lipoproteins in isolated perfused rat livers. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14480. [PMID: 33625776 PMCID: PMC7903942 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids that mediate cardiovascular health by attenuation of inflammation, vascular tone, hemostasis, and thrombosis. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain oxylipins, but it is unknown whether the liver regulates their concentrations. In this study, we used a perfused liver model to observe the effect of inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition (sEHi) on VLDL oxylipins. A compartmental model of deuterium-labeled linoleic acid and palmitic acid incorporation into VLDL was also developed to assess the dependence of VLDL oxylipins on fatty acid incorporation rates. LPS decreased the total fatty acid VLDL content by 30% [6%,47%], and decreased final concentration of several oxylipins by a similar amount (13-HOTrE, 35% [4%,55%], -1.3 nM; 9(10)-EpODE, 29% [3%,49%], -2.0 nM; 15(16)-EpODE, 29% [2%,49%], -1.6 nM; AA-derived diols, 32% [5%,52%], -2.4 nM; 19(20)-DiHDPA, 31% [7%,50%], -1.0 nM). However, the EPA-derived epoxide, 17(18)-EpETE, was decreased by 75% [49%,88%], (-0.52 nM) with LPS, double the suppression of other oxylipins. sEHi increased final concentration of DHA epoxide, 16(17)-EpDPE, by 99% [35%,193%], (2.0 nM). Final VLDL-oxylipin concentrations with LPS treatment were not correlated with linoleic acid kinetics, suggesting they were independently regulated under inflammatory conditions. We conclude that the liver regulates oxylipin incorporation into VLDL, and the oxylipin content is altered by LPS challenge and by inhibition of the epoxide hydrolase pathway. This provides evidence for delivery of systemic oxylipin signals by VLDL transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Walker
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Olga V. Savinova
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNYUSA
- Sanford ResearchUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA
| | - Theresa L. Pedersen
- Advanced AnalyticsDavisCAUSA
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - John W. Newman
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
- Obesity and Metabolism Research UnitWestern Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUS Department of AgricultureDavisCAUSA
| | - Gregory C. Shearer
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Sanford ResearchUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA
- Sanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA
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Wu JX, He KY, Zhang ZZ, Qu YL, Su XB, Shi Y, Wang N, Wang L, Han ZG. LZP is required for hepatic triacylglycerol transportation through maintaining apolipoprotein B stability. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009357. [PMID: 33591966 PMCID: PMC7909667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved zona pellucida (ZP) domain is found in hundreds of extracellular proteins that are expressed in various organs and play a variety of roles as structural components, receptors and tumor suppressors. A liver-specific zona pellucida domain-containing protein (LZP), also named OIT3, has been shown to be mainly expressed in human and mouse hepatocytes; however, the physiological function of LZP in the liver remains unclear. Here, we show that Lzp deletion inhibited very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, leading to hepatic TG accumulation and lower serum TG levels in mice. The apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels were significantly decreased in the liver, serum, and VLDL particles of LZP-deficient mice. In the presence of LZP, which is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of apoB was attenuated; in contrast, in the absence of LZP, apoB was ubiquitinated by AMFR, a known E3 ubiquitin ligase specific for apoB, and was subsequently degraded, leading to lower hepatic apoB levels and inhibited VLDL secretion. Interestingly, hepatic LZP levels were elevated in mice challenged with a high-fat diet and humans with simple hepatic steatosis, suggesting that LZP contributes to the physiological regulation of hepatic TG homeostasis. In general, our data establish an essential role for LZP in hepatic TG transportation and VLDL secretion by preventing the AMFR-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of apoB and therefore provide insight into the molecular function of LZP in hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Bin Su
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Ahmad S, Demler OV, Sun Q, Moorthy MV, Li C, Lee IM, Ridker PM, Manson JE, Hu FB, Fall T, Chasman DI, Cheng S, Pradhan A, Mora S. Association of the Mediterranean Diet With Onset of Diabetes in the Women's Health Study. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2025466. [PMID: 33211107 PMCID: PMC7677766 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Higher Mediterranean diet (MED) intake has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, but underlying biological mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE To characterize the relative contribution of conventional and novel biomarkers in MED-associated type 2 diabetes risk reduction in a US population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was conducted among 25 317 apparently healthy women. The participants with missing information regarding all traditional and novel metabolic biomarkers or those with baseline diabetes were excluded. Participants were invited for baseline assessment between September 1992 and May 1995. Data were collected from November 1992 to December 2017 and analyzed from December 2018 to December 2019. EXPOSURES MED intake score (range, 0 to 9) was computed from self-reported dietary intake, representing adherence to Mediterranean diet intake. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident cases of type 2 diabetes, identified through annual questionnaires; reported cases were confirmed by either telephone interview or supplemental questionnaire. Proportion of reduced risk of type 2 diabetes explained by clinical risk factors and a panel of 40 biomarkers that represent different physiological pathways was estimated. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 25 317 female participants was 52.9 (9.9) years, and they were followed up for a mean (SD) of 19.8 (5.8) years. Higher baseline MED intake (score ≥6 vs ≤3) was associated with as much as a 30% lower type 2 diabetes risk (age-adjusted and energy-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62-0.79; when regression models were additionally adjusted with body mass index [BMI]: hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96). Biomarkers of insulin resistance made the largest contribution to lower risk (accounting for 65.5% of the MED-type 2 diabetes association), followed by BMI (55.5%), high-density lipoprotein measures (53.0%), and inflammation (52.5%), with lesser contributions from branched-chain amino acids (34.5%), very low-density lipoprotein measures (32.0%), low-density lipoprotein measures (31.0%), blood pressure (29.0%), and apolipoproteins (23.5%), and minimal contribution (≤2%) from hemoglobin A1c. In post hoc subgroup analyses, the inverse association of MED diet with type 2 diabetes was seen only among women who had BMI of at least 25 at baseline but not those who had BMI of less than 25 (eg, women with BMI <25, age- and energy-adjusted HR for MED score ≥6 vs ≤3, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77-1.33; P for trend = .92; women with BMI ≥25: HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67-0.87; P for trend < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, higher MED intake scores were associated with a 30% relative risk reduction in type 2 diabetes during a 20-year period, which could be explained in large part by biomarkers of insulin resistance, BMI, lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Ahmad
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga V. Demler
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. Vinayaga Moorthy
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chunying Li
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Cheng
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Aruna Pradhan
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ferchaud-Roucher V, Zair Y, Aguesse A, Krempf M, Ouguerram K. Omega 3 Improves Both apoB100-containing Lipoprotein Turnover and their Sphingolipid Profile in Hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5893579. [PMID: 32805740 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence for an association between sphingolipids and metabolic disorders is increasingly reported. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) improve apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100)-containing lipoprotein metabolism, but their effects on the sphingolipid content in lipoproteins remain unknown. OBJECTIVES In subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, we analyzed the effect of n-3 LC-PUFAs on the turnover apoB100-containing lipoproteins and on their sphingolipid content and looked for the possible association between these lipid levels and apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover parameters. METHODS Six subjects underwent a kinetic study before and after n-3 supplementation for 2 months with 1 g of fish oil 3 times day containing 360 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 240 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of triglycerides. We examined apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover by primed perfusion labeled [5,5,5-2H3]-leucine and determined kinetic parameters using a multicompartmental model. We quantified sphingolipid species content in lipoproteins using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Supplementation decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride, and apoB100 concentrations. The VLDL neutral and polar lipids showed increased n-3 LC-PUFA and decreased n-6 LC-PUFA content. The conversion rate of VLDL1 to VLDL2 and of VLDL2 to LDL was increased. We measured a decrease in total apoB100 production and VLDL1 production. Supplementation reduced the total ceramide concentration in VLDL while the sphingomyelin content in LDL was increased. We found positive correlations between plasma palmitic acid and VLDL ceramide and between VLDL triglyceride and VLDL ceramide, and inverse correlations between VLDL n-3 LC-PUFA and VLDL production. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we hypothesize that the improvement in apoB100 metabolism during n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation is contributed to by changes in sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAe, UMR 1280 Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes, France
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Yassine Zair
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAe, UMR 1280 Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes, France
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Krempf
- University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAe, UMR 1280 Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes, France
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAe, UMR 1280 Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes, France
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
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Ronda OAHO, van de Heijning BJM, de Bruin A, Thomas RE, Martini I, Koehorst M, Gerding A, Koster MH, Bloks VW, Jurdzinski A, Mulder NL, Havinga R, van der Beek EM, Reijngoud DJ, Kuipers F, Verkade HJ. Spontaneous liver disease in wild-type C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice fed semisynthetic diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232069. [PMID: 32956351 PMCID: PMC7505464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models are frequently used to study mechanisms of human diseases. Recently, we observed a spontaneous bimodal variation in liver weight in C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice fed a semisynthetic diet. We now characterized the spontaneous variation in liver weight and its relationship with parameters of hepatic lipid and bile acid (BA) metabolism. In male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice fed AIN-93G from birth to postnatal day (PN)70, we measured plasma BA, lipids, Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) secretion, and hepatic mRNA expression patterns. Mice were sacrificed at PN21, PN42, PN63 and PN70. Liver weight distribution was bimodal at PN70. Mice could be subdivided into two nonoverlapping groups based on liver weight: 0.6 SD 0.1 g (approximately one-third of mice, small liver; SL), and 1.0 SD 0.1 g (normal liver; NL; p<0.05). Liver histology showed a higher steatosis grade, inflammation score, more mitotic figures and more fibrosis in the SL versus the NL group. Plasma BA concentration was 14-fold higher in SL (p<0.001). VLDL-TG secretion rate was lower in SL mice, both absolutely (-66%, p<0.001) and upon correction for liver weight (-44%, p<0.001). Mice that would later have the SL-phenotype showed lower food efficiency ratios during PN21-28, suggesting the cause of the SL phenotype is present at weaning (PN21). Our data show that approximately one-third of C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice fed semisynthetic diet develop spontaneous liver disease with aberrant histology and parameters of hepatic lipid, bile acid and lipoprotein metabolism. Study designs involving this mouse strain on semisynthetic diets need to take the SL phenotype into account. Plasma lipids may serve as markers for the identification of the SL phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onne A. H. O. Ronda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel E. Thomas
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Martini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H. Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Jurdzinski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels L. Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Furuhata R, Kabe Y, Kanai A, Sugiura Y, Tsugawa H, Sugiyama E, Hirai M, Yamamoto T, Koike I, Yoshikawa N, Tanaka H, Koseki M, Nakae J, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Suematsu M. Progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 enhances obesity progression in mice by facilitating lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Commun Biol 2020; 3:479. [PMID: 32887925 PMCID: PMC7473863 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 (PGRMC1) exhibits haem-dependent dimerization on cell membrane and binds to EGF receptor and cytochromes P450 to regulate cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. However, its physiological functions remain unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that PGRMC1 is required for adipogenesis, and its expression is significantly enhanced by insulin or thiazolidine, an agonist for PPARγ. The haem-dimerized PGRMC1 interacts with low-density lipoprotein receptors (VLDL-R and LDL-R) or GLUT4 to regulate their translocation to the plasma membrane, facilitating lipid uptake and accumulation, and de-novo fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes. These events are cancelled by CO through interfering with PGRMC1 dimerization. PGRMC1 expression in mouse adipose tissues is enhanced during obesity induced by a high fat diet. Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific PGRMC1 knockout in mice dramatically suppressed high-fat-diet induced adipocyte hypertrophy. Our results indicate a pivotal role of PGRMC1 in developing obesity through its metabolic regulation of lipids and carbohydrates in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Furuhata
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic[s] Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Kanai
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsugawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miwa Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikko Koike
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Noritada Yoshikawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Nakae
- Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic[s] Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic[s] Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Yamanashi Y, Takada T, Yamamoto H, Suzuki H. NPC1L1 Facilitates Sphingomyelin Absorption and Regulates Diet-Induced Production of VLDL/LDL-associated S1P. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092641. [PMID: 32872588 PMCID: PMC7551898 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) is a cholesterol importer and target of ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor used clinically for dyslipidemia. Recent studies demonstrated that NPC1L1 regulates the intestinal absorption of several fat-soluble nutrients, in addition to cholesterol. The study was conducted to reveal new physiological roles of NPC1L1 by identifying novel dietary substrate(s). Very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (VLDL/LDL) are increased in Western diet (WD)-fed mice in an NPC1L1-dependent manner, so we comprehensively analyzed the NPC1L1-dependent VLDL/LDL components. Apolipoprotein M (apoM), a binding protein of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P: a lipid mediator), and S1P were NPC1L1-dependently increased in VLDL/LDL by WD feeding. S1P is metabolized from sphingomyelin (SM) and SM is abundant in WD, so we focused on intestinal SM absorption. In vivo studies with Npc1l1 knockout mice and in vitro studies with NPC1L1-overexpressing cells revealed that SM is a physiological substrate of NPC1L1. These results suggest a scenario in which dietary SM is absorbed by NPC1L1 in the intestine, followed by SM conversion to S1P and, after several steps, S1P is exported into the blood as the apoM-bound form in VLDL/LDL. Our findings provide insight into the functions of NPC1L1 for a better understanding of sphingolipids and S1P homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tappei Takada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3815-5411 (ext. 37514)
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Yang M, Liu Q, Huang T, Tan W, Qu L, Chen T, Pan H, Chen L, Liu J, Wong CW, Lu WW, Guan M. Dysfunction of estrogen-related receptor alpha-dependent hepatic VLDL secretion contributes to sex disparity in NAFLD/NASH development. Theranostics 2020; 10:10874-10891. [PMID: 33042259 PMCID: PMC7532682 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Men and postmenopausal women are more prone to developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) than premenopausal women. However, the pathological links and underlying mechanisms of this disparity are still elusive. The sex-difference in hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and secretion may contribute to NAFLD development. Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is a key regulator of several metabolic processes. We hypothesized that ERRα plays a role contributing to the sex-difference in hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion. Methods: VLDL secretion and essential genes governing said process were assessed in male and female mice. Liver-specific ERRα-deficient (ERRαLKO) mice were generated to assess the rate of hepatic VLDL secretion and alteration in target gene expression. Overexpression of either microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) or phospholipase A2 G12B (Pla2g12b) by adenovirus was performed to test if the fatty liver phenotype in male ERRαLKO mice was due to defects in hepatic VLDL secretion. Female ERRαLKO mice were put on a diet high in saturated fat, fructose and cholesterol (HFHC) to promote NASH development. Wild type female mice were either ovariectomized or treated with tamoxifen to induce a state of estrogen deficiency or disruption in estrogen signaling. Adenovirus was used to overexpress ERRα in these mice to test if ERRα was sufficient to rescue the suppressed VLDL secretion due to estrogen dysfunction. Finally, wild type male mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with an ERRα inverse agonist to assess if suppressing ERRα activity pharmacologically would lead to fatty liver development. Results: ERRα is an indispensable mediator modulating hepatic triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) assembly and secretion through coordinately controlling target genes apolipoprotein B (Apob), Mttp and Pla2g12b in a sex-different manner. Hepatic VLDL-TG secretion is blunted in ERRαLKO mice, leading to hepatosteatosis which exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation paving ways for NASH development. Importantly, ERRα acts downstream of estrogen/ERα signaling in contributing to the sex-difference in hepatic VLDL secretion effecting hepatic lipid homeostasis. Conclusions: Our results highlight ERRα as a key mediator which contributes to the sex disparity in NAFLD development, suggesting that selectively restoring ERRα activity in the liver may be a novel strategy for treating NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingli Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongling Huang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianke Chen
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, China
| | - William W. Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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van der Heijden CDCC, ter Horst R, van den Munckhof ICL, Schraa K, de Graaf J, Joosten LAB, Danser AHJ, Netea MG, Deinum J, Rutten J, Riksen NP. Vasculometabolic and Inflammatory Effects of Aldosterone in Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5856361. [PMID: 32529242 PMCID: PMC7320834 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Not all obese individuals develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hyperaldosteronism is suggested to cause inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, and might contribute to CVD development in obese individuals. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association of aldosterone concentrations with inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and atherosclerosis in overweight and obese individuals. Additionally, we measured renin concentrations to investigate whether the observed effects reflected general activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). DESIGN A cross-sectional cohort study (300-OB study) was conducted. Various inflammatory parameters, traits of the metabolic syndrome, lipidome and metabolome parameters, fat distribution, and carotid atherosclerosis were associated with plasma aldosterone and renin levels. SETTING The setting of this study was the Radboudumc (i.o. Radboudumc), the Netherlands. PATIENTS A total of 302 individuals with a body mass index greater than or equal to 27 kg/m2 participated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS Aldosterone was associated with various markers of inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, which partly differed from the associations observed for renin. Although both were associated with inflammatory cell numbers, only renin was associated with classical markers of systemic inflammation. Both were associated with the metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis. Of the traits that constitute metabolic syndrome, aldosterone, but not renin, was associated with triglyceride concentrations. Accordingly, aldosterone was associated with large very low-density lipoprotein particles; metabolomics studies further associated aldosterone with urate concentrations and derivatives of the linoleic acid metabolism pathway. Neither aldosterone nor renin was associated with atherosclerotic plaque thickness. CONCLUSIONS Aldosterone is not an important driver of systemic inflammation in the obese, whereas aldosterone concentrations and metabolic dysregulation are strongly intertwined in these individuals. Although prospective studies are necessary to validate these results, the independent effects of aldosterone on carotid atherosclerosis appear modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte D C C van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
| | - Rob ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kiki Schraa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, GD, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences 12 Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaap Deinum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, the Netherlands
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Niels P. Riksen, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine 463, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands. E-mail:
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Lambadiari V, Korakas E, Tsimihodimos V. The Impact of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load on Postprandial Lipid Kinetics, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2204. [PMID: 32722053 PMCID: PMC7468809 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many recent studies have acknowledged postprandial hypetriglyceridemia as a distinct risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This dysmetabolic state is the result of the hepatic overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and intestinal secretion of chylomicrons (CMs), which leads to highly atherogenic particles and endothelial inflammation. Postprandial lipid metabolism does not only depend on consumed fat but also on the other classes of nutrients that a meal contains. Various mechanisms through which carbohydrates exacerbate lipidemia have been identified, especially for fructose, which stimulates de novo lipogenesis. Glycemic index and glycemic load, despite their intrinsic limitations, have been used as markers of the postprandial glucose and insulin response, and their association with metabolic health and cardiovascular events has been extensively studied with contradictory results. This review aims to discuss the importance and pathogenesis of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and its association with cardiovascular disease. Then, we describe the mechanisms through which carbohydrates influence lipidemia and, through a brief presentation of the available clinical studies on glycemic index/glycemic load, we discuss the association of these indices with atherogenic dyslipidemia and address possible concerns and implications for everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, University General Hospital Attikon, 124 62 Haidari, Greece;
| | - Emmanouil Korakas
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, University General Hospital Attikon, 124 62 Haidari, Greece;
| | - Vasilios Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece;
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Whyte MB, Shojaee-Moradie F, Sharaf SE, Cuthbertson DJ, Kemp GJ, Barrett M, Jackson NC, Herring RA, Wright J, Thomas EL, Bell J, Umpleby AM. HDL-apoA-I kinetics in response to 16 wk of exercise training in men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E839-E847. [PMID: 32286882 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00019.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by low-circulating concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and raised triacylglycerol (TAG). Exercise reduces hepatic fat content, improves insulin resistance and increases clearance of very-low-density lipoprotein-1 (VLDL1). However, the effect of exercise on TAG and HDL-C metabolism is unknown. We randomized male participants to 16 wk of supervised, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 15), or conventional lifestyle advice (n = 12). Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and VLDL-TAG and apolipoprotein B (apoB) kinetics were investigated using stable isotopes (1-[13C]-leucine and 1,1,2,3,3-2H5 glycerol) pre- and postintervention. Participants underwent MRI/spectroscopy to assess changes in visceral fat. Results are means ± SD. At baseline, there were no differences between exercise and control groups for age (52.4 ± 7.5 vs. 52.8 ± 10.3 yr), body mass index (BMI: 31.6 ± 3.2 vs. 31.7 ± 3.6 kg/m2), and waist circumference (109.3 ± 7.5 vs. 110.0 ± 13.6 cm). Percentage of liver fat was 23.8 (interquartile range 9.8-32.5%). Exercise reduced body weight (101.3 ± 10.2 to 97.9 ± 12.2 kg; P < 0.001) and hepatic fat content [from 19.6%, interquartile range (IQR) 14.6-36.1% to 8.9% (4.4-17.8%); P = 0.001] and increased the fraction HDL-C concentration (measured following ultracentrifugation) and apoA-I pool size with no change in the control group. However, plasma and VLDL1-TAG concentrations and HDL-apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and production rate (PR) did not change significantly with exercise. Both at baseline (all participants) and after exercise there was an inverse correlation between apoA-I pool size and VLDL-TAG and -apoB pool size. The modest effect of exercise on HDL metabolism may be explained by the lack of effect on plasma and VLDL1-TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B Whyte
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Fariba Shojaee-Moradie
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sharaf E Sharaf
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Cuthbertson
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Barrett
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola C Jackson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Roselle A Herring
- Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Research, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - John Wright
- Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Research, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Margot Umpleby
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically appraise new insights into the biology of remnant lipoproteins and their putative role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and to compare the atherogenicity of remnant particles with that of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). RECENT FINDINGS New in-vivo stable isotope tracer studies of the kinetics of apoB48 and apoB100-containing lipoproteins in postprandial conditions have revealed that apoB48-containing very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) accumulated markedly in hypertriglyceridemic patients. These intestinally-derived particles were cleared slowly, and represented up to 25% of circulating VLDL; as part of the remnant particle population, they may increase cardiovascular risk. Importantly, the PCSK9 inhibitor, evolocumab, was shown to reduce remnant levels (-29%) during the postprandial period in diabetic patients on statin therapy - an effect which may be additive to that of LDL-cholesterol reduction in conferring cardiovascular benefit. In recent Mendelian randomization studies, the effect of lowering triglyceride-rich lipoproteins or LDL-cholesterol translated to similar clinical benefit per unit of apoB. Finally, in randomized trials involving statin-treated patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, remnant cholesterol levels were associated with coronary atheroma progression independently of LDL-cholesterol. SUMMARY Overall, data from observational studies in large cohorts, Mendelian randomization studies, meta-regression analyses, and post-hoc analyses of randomized trials are consistent with the contention that remnants are highly atherogenic particles and contribute to the atherosclerotic burden in an equivalent manner to that of LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Aguilar Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, N.L., México
| | - M John Chapman
- Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Cheng Z, Abrams ST, Toh J, Wang SS, Downey C, Ge X, Yu Q, Yu W, Wang G, Toh CH. Complexes between C-Reactive Protein and Very Low Density Lipoprotein Delay Bacterial Clearance in Sepsis. J Immunol 2020; 204:2712-2721. [PMID: 32269097 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) can increase up to 1000-fold in blood and form complexes with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). These complexes are associated with worse outcomes for septic patients, and this suggests a potential pathological role in sepsis. Complex formation is heightened when CRP is over 200 mg/l and levels are associated with the severity of sepsis and blood bacterial culture positivity. Using a mouse bacteremia model, blood bacterial clearance can be delayed by i.v. injection of CRP-VLDL complexes. Complexes are more efficiently taken up by activated U937 cells in vitro and Kupffer cells in vivo than VLDL alone. Both in vitro-generated and naturally occurring CRP-VLDL complexes reduce phagocytosis of bacteria by activated U937 cells. Fcγ and scavenger receptors are involved and a competitive mechanism for clearance of CRP-VLDL complexes and bacteria is demonstrated. Interaction of phosphocholine groups on VLDL with CRP is the major driver for complex formation and phosphocholine can disrupt the complexes to reverse their inhibitory effects on phagocytosis and bacterial clearance. Increased formation of CRP-VLDL complexes is therefore harmful and could be a novel target for therapy in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Cheng
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Simon T Abrams
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Toh
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Upton, Wirral CH49 5PE, United Kingdom
| | - Susan S Wang
- Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1FR, United Kingdom; and
| | - Colin Downey
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoling Ge
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Qian Yu
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weiping Yu
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guozheng Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Hock Toh
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
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50
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Tekavec S, Sorčan T, Giacca M, Režen T. VLDL and HDL attenuate endoplasmic reticulum and metabolic stress in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158713. [PMID: 32330663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins have a vital role in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases ranging from protective to deleterious effects on target tissues. VLDL has been shown to induce lipotoxic lipid accumulation and exert a variety of negative effects on cardiomyocytes. Lipotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are proposed to be the mediators of damaging effects of metabolic diseases on cardiovascular system. We treated cardiomyocytes with lipoproteins to evaluate the adaptability of these cells to metabolic stress induced by starvation and excess of lipoproteins, and to evaluate the effect of lipoproteins and lipid accumulation on ER stress. VLDL reversed metabolic stress induced by starvation, while HDL did not. VLDL induced dose-dependent lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes, which however did not result in reduced cell viability or induction of ER stress. Moreover, VLDL or HDL pre-treatment reduced ER stress in cardiomyocytes induced by tunicamycin and palmitic acid as measured by the expression of ER stress markers, even in conditions of increased lipid accumulation. VLDL and HDL induced activation of pro-survival ERK1/2 in cardiomyocytes; however, this activation was not involved in the protection against ER stress. Additionally, we observed that LDLR and VLDLR are regulated differently by lipoproteins and cellular stress, as lipoproteins induced VLDLR protein independently of the level of lipid accumulation. We conclude that VLDL is not a priori detrimental for cardiomyocytes and can even have beneficial effects, enabling cell survival under starvation and attenuating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tekavec
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Sorčan
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Tadeja Režen
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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