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Gönül Ş, Eker S. Assessment of Serum Atherogenic Indices and Insulin Resistance in Retinal Vein Occlusion. Turk J Ophthalmol 2024; 54:76-82. [PMID: 38645465 PMCID: PMC11034536 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2024.66367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate serum atherogenic indices as novel cardiovascular risk factors associated with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Materials and Methods This retrospective case-control study included 57 patients with newly diagnosed RVO whose plasma lipid profile (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], total cholesterol [TC], and triglycerides [TG]) and insulin resistance were examined. Serum atherogenic indices (LDL-C/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratios) and presence of insulin resistance were compared between the patients and 63 healthy subjects. Cut-off values were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results The mean age of the RVO patients was 63.7±9.4 years. Plasma levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, and TG showed no significant difference between the patient and control groups (p>0.05). However, LDL-C/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C ratios were higher in the RVO group compared to healthy subjects (p=0.015, p=0.036, and p=0.015, respectively). Fasting insulin concentrations, plasma insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were higher in the RVO patients compared to controls (p=0.003, p=0.001, and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion LDL-C/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratios were found to be increased in RVO. Compared to the traditional plasma lipid profile, serum atherogenic indices were found to be superior predictors of RVO development. Measurement of HOMA-IR index should be taken into consideration in the evaluation of insulin resistance. High serum atherogenic indexes in RVO patients reveal the need to take precautions against the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şaban Gönül
- Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Serhat Eker
- Yalvaç State Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, Isparta, Türkiye
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2
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van Zwol W, Rimbert A, Wolters JC, Smit M, Bloks VW, Kloosterhuis NJ, Huijkman NCA, Koster MH, Tharehalli U, de Neck SM, Bournez C, Fuh MM, Kuipers J, Rajan S, de Bruin A, Ginsberg HN, van Westen GJP, Hussain MM, Scheja L, Heeren J, Zimmerman P, van de Sluis B, Kuivenhoven JA. Loss of hepatic SMLR1 causes hepatosteatosis and protects against atherosclerosis due to decreased hepatic VLDL secretion. Hepatology 2023; 78:1418-1432. [PMID: 36053190 PMCID: PMC10581432 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The assembly and secretion of VLDL from the liver, a pathway that affects hepatic and plasma lipids, remains incompletely understood. We set out to identify players in the VLDL biogenesis pathway by identifying genes that are co-expressed with the MTTP gene that encodes for microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, key to the lipidation of apolipoprotein B, the core protein of VLDL. Using human and murine transcriptomic data sets, we identified small leucine-rich protein 1 ( SMLR1 ), encoding for small leucine-rich protein 1, a protein of unknown function that is exclusively expressed in liver and small intestine. APPROACH AND RESULTS To assess the role of SMLR1 in the liver, we used somatic CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 gene editing to silence murine Smlr1 in hepatocytes ( Smlr1 -LKO). When fed a chow diet, male and female mice show hepatic steatosis, reduced plasma apolipoprotein B and triglycerides, and reduced VLDL secretion without affecting microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity. Immunofluorescence studies show that SMLR1 is in the endoplasmic reticulum and Cis-Golgi complex. The loss of hepatic SMLR1 in female mice protects against diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis but causes NASH. On a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet, insulin and glucose tolerance tests did not reveal differences in male Smlr1 -LKO mice versus controls. CONCLUSIONS We propose a role for SMLR1 in the trafficking of VLDL from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Cis-Golgi complex. While this study uncovers SMLR1 as a player in the VLDL assembly, trafficking, and secretion pathway, it also shows that NASH can occur with undisturbed glucose homeostasis and atheroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemien van Zwol
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette C. A. Huijkman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H. Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Umesh Tharehalli
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon M. de Neck
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Colin Bournez
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marceline M. Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg−Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gerard J. P. van Westen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg−Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg−Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Galimberti F, Casula M, Olmastroni E. Apolipoprotein B compared with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk assessment. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106873. [PMID: 37517561 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The subendothelial retention of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins is a critical step in the initiation of pro-atherosclerotic processes. Recent genetic and clinical evidence strongly supports the concept that the lipid content of the particles is secondary to the number of circulating atherogenic particles that are trapped within the arterial lumen. Since each low-density lipoproteins (LDL) particle contains one apoB molecule, as do intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, apoB level represents the total number of atherogenic lipoproteins, which is independent of particle density, and not affected by the heterogeneity of particle cholesterol content (clinically evaluated by LDL-cholesterol level). From this perspective, apoB is proposed as a better proxy to LDL-cholesterol for assessing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, especially in specific subgroups of patients, including subjects with diabetes mellitus, with multiple cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and hypertension) and with high triglyceride levels and very low LDL-cholesterol levels. Therefore, given the causal role of LDL-cholesterol in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) development, routine measurement of both LDL-cholesterol and apoB is of utmost importance to properly estimate global cardiovascular risk and to determine the 'residual' risk of ASCVD in patients receiving therapy, as well as to monitor therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Casula
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, MI, Italy; Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Service (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Olmastroni
- Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Service (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Dai W, Zhang H, Lund H, Zhang Z, Castleberry M, Rodriguez M, Kuriakose G, Gupta S, Lewandowska M, Powers HR, Valmiki S, Zhu J, Shapiro AD, Hussain MM, López JA, Sorci-Thomas MG, Silverstein RL, Ginsberg HN, Sahoo D, Tabas I, Zheng Z. Intracellular tPA-PAI-1 interaction determines VLDL assembly in hepatocytes. Science 2023; 381:eadh5207. [PMID: 37651538 PMCID: PMC10697821 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoproteins initiate and promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity is negatively associated with atherogenic apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in humans, but the mechanisms are unknown. We found that tPA, partially through the lysine-binding site on its Kringle 2 domain, binds to the N terminus of apoB, blocking the interaction between apoB and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in hepatocytes, thereby reducing very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and plasma apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) sequesters tPA away from apoB and increases VLDL assembly. Humans with PAI-1 deficiency have smaller VLDL particles and lower plasma levels of apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol. These results suggest a mechanism that fine-tunes VLDL assembly by intracellular interactions among tPA, PAI-1, and apoB in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Maya Rodriguez
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - George Kuriakose
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | | | - Hayley R. Powers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Swati Valmiki
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amy D. Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Zheng X, Zhang X, Han Y, Hu H, Cao C. Nonlinear relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and the risk of prediabetes: a retrospective study based on Chinese adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:205. [PMID: 37563588 PMCID: PMC10416492 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) can reflect the burden of atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between AIP and prediabetes is rarely studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between AIP and prediabetes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study recruited 100,069 Chinese adults at the Rich Healthcare Group from 2010 to 2016. AIP was calculated according to Log10 (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) formula. Cox regression method, sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were used to examine the relationship between AIP and prediabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting was performed to explore the non-linearity between AIP and prediabetes. The two-piece Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the inflection point of AIP on the risk of prediabetes. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding covariates, AIP was positively associated with prediabetes (HR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.31-1.52, P < 0.0001). The two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards regression model discovered that the AIP's inflection point was 0.03 (P for log-likelihood ratio test < 0.001). AIP was positively associated with the risk of prediabetes when AIP ≤ 0.03 (HR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.66-2.16, P < 0.0001). In contrast, When AIP > 0.03, their association was not significant (HR: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.91-1.19, P = 0.5528). CONCLUSION This study shows that AIP was positively and non-linearly associated with the risk of prediabetes after adjusting for other confounding factors. When AIP ≤ 0.03, AIP was positively associated with the risk of prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center (The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan'ao People's Hospital, No. 6, Renmin Road, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, No.3002, Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China.
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, No.3002, Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China.
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan'ao People's Hospital, No. 6, Renmin Road, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China.
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Gómez-Bernal F, Quevedo-Abeledo JC, García-González M, Fernández-Cladera Y, González-Rivero AF, Martín-González C, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Transforming growth factor beta 1 is associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:64. [PMID: 37069672 PMCID: PMC10108540 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. TGF-β1 has been linked to cardiovascular disease in the general population. The immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1 is believed to be dysregulated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present work, we aimed to study the relationship of serum levels of TGF-β1 with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with SLE. METHODS The study included 284 patients with SLE. Serum levels of TGF-β1 and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (by carotid ultrasonography) were evaluated. In addition, the complete lipid profile and insulin resistance were analyzed. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the relationship of TGF-β1 with carotid subclinical atherosclerosis adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors that included lipid profile and insulin resistance. RESULTS Circulating TGF-β1 was positively and significantly associated with higher levels of LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index. TGF-β1 was also associated with significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1. Remarkably, TGF-β1 was associated with the presence of carotid plaque not only after adjustment for demographics (age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and aspirin use) but also after adjustment for relationships of TGF-β1 with lipid profile molecules, insulin resistance, and SLEDAI disease score (odds ratio 1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.003-1.30], p = 0.045). CONCLUSION TGF-β1 serum levels are positively and independently associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis disease in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Candelaria Martín-González
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group On Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
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Tseng YW, Jiang JWF, Er TK. Evaluation of Friedewald's Formula for Plasma LDL-Cholesterol Estimation. Clin Lab 2023; 69. [PMID: 37057939 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2022.220801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) can contribute to atherosclerosis if it is oxidized within the walls of arteries. Therefore, LDL-C plays an important role in cardiovascular disease risk assessment and prevention. The current study aims to evaluate the validity of Friedewald's formula in the Taiwanese population. METHODS In this analytical cross-sectional study, a data set containing 31,729 results was used and lipid profiles of all samples were measured using the Beckman Coulter AU680 clinical chemistry analyzer. This study was conducted from September 2016 to August 2019. RESULTS The agreement between the direct and calculated LDL-C was significant with Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) of 0.904 (p < 0.001). Mean LDL-C levels were 99.3 ± 32.8 mg/dL and 95.3 ± 37.6 mg/dL for direct and calculated LDC-C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Good agreement was observed between direct and calculated LDC-C. Therefore, it can be concluded that Friedewald's formula is applicable in LDL-C estimation when the direct method is not affordable.
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Li Q, Zhang X, Du Y, Liu X, Chen G, Xiang P, Wu H, Liu C, Wang D. Brussels Chicory Stabilizes Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaques and Reshapes the Gut Microbiota in Apoe-/- Mice. J Nutr 2022; 152:2209-2217. [PMID: 35524685 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern can protect against atherosclerosis in part by reducing intestinal permeability and gut microbial LPS production. Brussels chicory, a typical Mediterranean vegetable, has been shown to inhibit the formation of early-stage atherosclerosis in mice. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether Brussels chicory affects advanced atherosclerosis progression, intestinal permeability, and gut microbial LPS production. METHODS Thirty-week-old male apoE-deficient mice with unstable atherosclerotic plaques in the brachiocephalic artery were fed the AIN-93G diet alone (control) or supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried Brussels chicory for 20 wk. Plaque volume and features of plaque stability, plaque macrophage polarization, fecal and serum LPS concentrations, serum lipid profiles and inflammation-related cytokines, and gut microbial profiles were measured. RESULTS Compared with the control treatment, Brussels chicory consumption did not significantly change plaque volume and serum lipid profiles. However, it increased plaque stability (P < 0.05), as evidenced by reduced necrotic core size (42.3%), and increased fibrous cap thickness (55.0%) and collagen content (68.4%). Moreover, Brussels chicory consumption reduced intestinal permeability (56.3%), fecal and serum LPS concentrations (52.2% and 39.4%), serum IL1β and TNFα (52.0% and 33.8%), promoted plaque macrophage polarization towards the M2-like phenotype, and altered gut microbial composition, the latter indicated by increased relative abundance of certain members of the Ruminococcaceae family, such as Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminiclostridium_5, and Intestinimonas (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analyses further showed that these bacterial genera were significantly correlated with intestinal permeability, fecal and serum LPS, serum proinflammatory cytokines, and several features of plaque stability. CONCLUSIONS Brussels chicory might help stabilize atherosclerotic plaques in mice by reducing intestinal permeability and gut microbial LPS production. This study provides a promising approach to slow the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Du
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Panying Xiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Choi R, Lee SG, Lee EH. Utilization of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Testing in Korean Patients Visiting Local Clinics and Hospitals. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153246. [PMID: 35956422 PMCID: PMC9370471 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small dense low-density cholesterol (sdLDL) has been the focus of studies due to its potential as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the utilization of sdLDL testing by LDL particle size analysis and the prevalence of an sdLDL predominant phenotype in Korean adult patients by visiting local clinics and hospitals. Among 9222 Korean adults (4577 men and 4645 women) with a median age of 62.8 years (interquartile range, IQR 54.5 to 71.8 years) undergoing lipid profile testing using LDL particle size analysis, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL), hypo HDL cholesterolemia (<40 mg/dL), and hyper LDL cholesterolemia (≥160 mg/dL) was 7.8%, 12.9%, and 0.5%, respectively. The overall prevalence of the sdLDL predominant non-A phenotype of LDL was 46.8% of study subjects. Approximately 32.8% of the study subjects possessed lipid test results that did not exhibit increased risk except for sdLDL (only the sdLDL predominant non-A phenotype as a risk factor). In Korea, sdLDL testing was utilized in patients whose LDL cholesterol level was not increased. Future studies to clarify the clinical significance of this test in the Korean population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihwa Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin 16924, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sang Gon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin 16924, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.G.L.); (E.H.L.); Tel.: +82-31-260-9209 (S.G.L.); +82-31-260-9201 (E.H.L.)
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin 16924, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.G.L.); (E.H.L.); Tel.: +82-31-260-9209 (S.G.L.); +82-31-260-9201 (E.H.L.)
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10
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Moradi N, Fadaei R, Rashidbeygi E, Bagheri Kargasheh F, Malek M, Shokoohi Nahrkhalaji A, Fallah S. Evaluation of changing the pattern of CTRP5 and inflammatory markers levels in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:964-969. [PMID: 32202952 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1742164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has recently found that adipokines, play a numerous functional roles in inflammation, lipids and glucose metabolism and in the pathogenically conditions such as atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Therefore, for the first time we aimed the present study to evaluating serum levels of CTRP5 and inflammatory cytokines patients with CAD and T2DM in comparison with controls. METHODS This study was done on 44 patients with CAD, 45 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 41 CAD + T2DM and 41 controls. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and CTRP5 were investigated by ELISA method. RESULTS The CTRP5 levels of all patients groups were lower in comparison with control group. There was a significant negative relationship between CTRP5 levels and cytokines concentration in the studied patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested a potential role of CTRP5 in inflammatory process of underlying atherosclerosis and diabetes; however, more studies are needed to support these finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rashidbeygi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Malek
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soudabeh Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Melnikov IS, Kozlov SG, Pogorelova OA, Tripoten MI, Saburova OS, Khamchieva LS, Avtaeva YN, Zvereva MD, Prokofieva LV, Kuznetsova TV, Guseva OA, Balakhonova TV, Gabbasov ZA. Monomeric form of C-reactive protein in the assessment of the residual inflammatory cardiovascular risk in patients with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Kardiologiia 2022; 62:24-30. [PMID: 35989626 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.7.n2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aim To study the relationship between monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) and the progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in patients with a moderate risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as assessed with the SCORE model.Material and methods The study included 80 men and women aged 53.1±5.8 years assigned to the category of a moderate risk for CVDs by the SCORE model with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level of 2.7-4.8 mmol/l and asymptomatic, hemodynamically insignificant (<50% luminal narrowing) carotid atherosclerosis according to ultrasonic data. All patients were prescribed atorvastatin to achieve a LDL-C level <2.6 mmol/l. After 7 years of follow-up, ultrasonic examination of carotid arteries was performed, and concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and mCRP were measured.Results A concentration of LDL-C <2.6 mmol/l was achieved in all patients. The progression of atherosclerosis as determined by an increased number of atherosclerotic plaques (ASPs), was observed in 45 (56 %) patients. At 7 months of follow-up, concentrations of cCRP were higher in the group of patients with progressive carotid atherosclerosis, while the levels of hsCRP did not differ between the groups. Increased mCRP concentrations were associated with changes in variables of the "atherosclerotic load", including the number of ASPs, total ASP height, and the intima-media thickness (IMT). In patients with a median mCRP concentration of 5.2 [3.3; 7.1] µg/l and more, the increases in mean ACP number and total ASP height were considerably higher than in patients with mCRP concentrations lower than the median (3.9 and 2.7 times, respectively), whereas the odds ratio for the progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis was 5.5 (95 % confidence interval, CI: 2.1-14.6; p=0.001). ROC analysis showed that the concentration of hsCRP had no predictive value for prognosis of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis (p=0.16), while the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for mCRP was 0.75±0.056 (95 % CI: 0.64-0.86; p=0.001).Conclusion According to the results of 7-year follow-up, the plasma concentration of mCRP was significantly higher in patients with an increased number of ASPs than in patients without this increase. An increased level of mCRP may indicate a higher inflammatory risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Melnikov
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow; State Research Center of the Russian Federation, Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow
| | - S G Kozlov
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - O A Pogorelova
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - M I Tripoten
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - O S Saburova
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - L Sh Khamchieva
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - Yu N Avtaeva
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - M D Zvereva
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - L V Prokofieva
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - T V Kuznetsova
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - O A Guseva
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - T V Balakhonova
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - Z A Gabbasov
- Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Moscow
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12
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Ogunmoroti O, Osibogun O, Zhao D, Mehta RC, Ouyang P, Lutsey PL, Robinson-Cohen C, Michos ED. Associations between endogenous sex hormones and FGF-23 among women and men in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268759. [PMID: 35613118 PMCID: PMC9132299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of testosterone and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) are both independently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship between sex hormones and FGF-23 is not well established. We explored the association between sex hormones and FGF-23 among middle-aged to older men and women in MESA. We studied 3,052 men and 2,868 postmenopausal women free of CVD at the time of enrollment with baseline serum sex hormones [total testosterone (T), free T, estradiol (E2) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)] and intact FGF-23. In sex-stratified analyses, we examined the cross-sectional associations between log-transformed sex hormones (per 1 SD) and log-transformed FGF-23 using multiple linear regression adjusted for socio-demographics, CVD risk factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate and mineral metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone). The mean (SD) age of study participants was 64 (10) years. The median (IQR) of FGF-23 was similar in women and men [38 (30–46) vs 38 (31–47) pg/mL]. In adjusted analyses, among women, 1 SD increment in free T was associated with 3% higher FGF-23 while SHBG was associated with 2% lower FGF-23. In men, 1 SD increment in E2 was associated with 6% higher FGF-23 whereas total T/E2 ratio was associated with 7% lower FGF-23. In conclusion, this exploratory analysis found that a more androgenic sex hormone profile was directly associated with FGF-23 in women and inversely associated with FGF-23 in men. Longitudinal studies are required to determine whether FGF-23 mediates the relationship between sex hormones and CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseye Ogunmoroti
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rupal C. Mehta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- The Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pamela L. Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Dasagrandhi D, Muthuswamy A, Swaminathan JK. Atherosclerosis: nexus of vascular dynamics and cellular cross talks. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:571-584. [PMID: 34845570 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the foremost cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology behind CVDs. Atherosclerosis is manifested predominantly by lipid deposition, plaque formation, and inflammation in vascular intima. Initiation and progression of plaque require many years. With aging, atherosclerotic plaques become vulnerable. Localization of these plaques in the coronary artery leads to myocardial infarction. A complete understanding of the pathophysiology of this multifaceted disease is necessary to achieve the clinical goal to provide early diagnosis and the best therapeutics. The triggering factors of atherosclerosis are biomechanical forces, hyperlipidemia, and chronic inflammatory response. The current review focuses on crucial determinants involved in the disease, such as location, hemodynamic factors, oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, and the role of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and immune cells, and better therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Dasagrandhi
- Drug Discovery and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Anusuyadevi Muthuswamy
- Molecular Neurogerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Jayachandran Kesavan Swaminathan
- Drug Discovery and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
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14
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Riveros-Mckay F, Roberts D, Di Angelantonio E, Yu B, Soranzo N, Danesh J, Selvin E, Butterworth AS, Barroso I. An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Fructosamine Levels Identifies RCN3 as a Replicating Locus and Implicates FCGRT as the Effector Transcript. Diabetes 2022; 71:359-364. [PMID: 34753797 PMCID: PMC8914280 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fructosamine is a measure of short-term glycemic control, which has been suggested as a useful complement to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes. To date, a single genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 8,951 U.S. White and 2,712 U.S. Black individuals without a diabetes diagnosis has been published. Results in Whites and Blacks yielded different association loci, near RCN3 and CNTN5, respectively. In this study, we performed a GWAS on 20,731 European-ancestry blood donors and meta-analyzed our results with previous data from U.S. White participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (Nmeta = 29,685). We identified a novel association near GCK (rs3757840, βmeta = 0.0062; minor allele frequency [MAF] = 0.49; Pmeta = 3.66 × 10-8) and confirmed the association near RCN3 (rs113886122, βmeta = 0.0134; MAF = 0.17; Pmeta = 5.71 × 10-18). Colocalization analysis with whole-blood expression quantitative trait loci data suggested FCGRT as the effector transcript at the RCN3 locus. We further showed that fructosamine has low heritability (h2 = 7.7%), has no significant genetic correlation with HbA1c and other glycemic traits in individuals without a diabetes diagnosis (P > 0.05), but has evidence of shared genetic etiology with some anthropometric traits (Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.0012). Our results broaden knowledge of the genetic architecture of fructosamine and prioritize FCGRT for downstream functional studies at the established RCN3 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Roberts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - John Danesh
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, U.K
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, U.K
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
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15
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Najman K, Sadowska A, Buczak K, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M. Effect of Heat-Treated Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) on Growth Parameters, Plasma Lipid Profile and Histological Changes in the Ileum of Atherogenic Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020336. [PMID: 35057517 PMCID: PMC8779480 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with raw garlic has a preventive and healing effect in cardiovascular diseases, but it could also damage the intestinal mucosa, resulting in impairment of nutrient absorption. Garlic processing, including heat treatment, changes the content and biological activity of garlic, so it is crucial to find food-processing methods that will preserve the health-promoting properties of garlic while minimizing its negative impact on the digestive system. Therefore, in this study, the effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on growth parameters, plasma lipid profile, and morphological parameters in the ileum of Wistar rats subjected to various types of heat treatment (90 s blanching garlic, 10 min boiling in water, 10 min pan frying without fat, microwave heating fresh garlic, 90 s blanching and microwave heating garlic, 10 min boiling in water and microwave heating garlic, and 10 min pan frying without fat and microwave heating garlic) was determined in an atherogenic diet (containing 1% addition of cholesterol). In the conducted research, it was found that the diet supplemented with heat-treated garlic used in the atherogenic diet improved the consumption and growth parameters of rats, depending on the type and time of its use. The highest consumption was recorded in atherogenic groups supplemented with garlic subjected to a longer (10 min) heat treatment and was then heated in a microwave oven. Garlic subjected to the shortest heat treatment proved to be most effective, and a significant improvement in the lipid profiles of rats' plasma with atherogenic was observed. Extending the time of heat treatment of garlic and, additionally, its microwaving significantly weakened the action of garlic in the body, but still retained its hypolipidemic effect. The greatest influence on the structural changes in the mucosa of the rats' iliac intestine, manifested by degeneration of the mucosa, shortening the length of the intestinal villi, damage to the brush border, and thus impairment of the intestinal absorption, was exerted by supplementing the atherogenic diet with garlic subjected to short-term heat treatment. Among the processes used, blanching was the least favorable, and the long-lasting thermal processes (cooking, frying for 10 min) had a positive effect on the mucosa of the rats' intestines. The results obtained in this study confirm that the selection of an appropriate method of thermal processing of garlic may allow for the maintenance of preventive and therapeutic efficacy of garlic in cardiovascular diseases, while ensuring the safety of its long-term use in the context of degenerative changes in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Najman
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-59-370-55
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Buczak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwadzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Leontowicz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Leontowicz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (H.L.); (M.L.)
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16
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Shabir O, Pendry B, Lee L, Eyre B, Sharp PS, Rebollar MA, Drew D, Howarth C, Heath PR, Wharton SB, Francis SE, Berwick J. Assessment of neurovascular coupling and cortical spreading depression in mixed mouse models of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. eLife 2022; 11:e68242. [PMID: 35014950 PMCID: PMC8752088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling is a critical brain mechanism whereby changes to blood flow accompany localised neural activity. The breakdown of neurovascular coupling is linked to the development and progression of several neurological conditions including dementia. In this study, we examined cortical haemodynamics in mouse preparations that modelled Alzheimer's disease (J20-AD) and atherosclerosis (PCSK9-ATH) between 9 and 12 m of age. We report novel findings with atherosclerosis where neurovascular decline is characterised by significantly reduced blood volume, altered levels of oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin, in addition to global neuroinflammation. In the comorbid mixed model (J20-PCSK9-MIX), we report a 3 x increase in hippocampal amyloid-beta plaques. A key finding was that cortical spreading depression (CSD) due to electrode insertion into the brain was worse in the diseased animals and led to a prolonged period of hypoxia. These findings suggest that systemic atherosclerosis can be detrimental to neurovascular health and that having cardiovascular comorbidities can exacerbate pre-existing Alzheimer's-related amyloid-plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Shabir
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease (IICD), University of Sheffield Medical School, Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Ben Pendry
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Llywelyn Lee
- Neuroscience Institute, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Sheffield Neurovascular Lab, Department of Psychology, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Beth Eyre
- Neuroscience Institute, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Sheffield Neurovascular Lab, Department of Psychology, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul S Sharp
- Medicines Discovery CatapultAlderley EdgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Monica A Rebollar
- Neuroscience Institute, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - David Drew
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease (IICD), University of Sheffield Medical School, Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare Howarth
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Sheffield Neurovascular Lab, Department of Psychology, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Neuroscience Institute, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Sheila E Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease (IICD), University of Sheffield Medical School, Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Jason Berwick
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Sheffield Neurovascular Lab, Department of Psychology, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
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17
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Hannemann C, Schecker JH, Brettschneider A, Grune J, Rösener N, Weller A, Stangl V, Fisher EA, Stangl K, Ludwig A, Hewing B. Deficiency of inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) attenuates diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and early atherogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:156-168. [PMID: 33576385 PMCID: PMC8932158 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall and anti-inflammatory treatment strategies are currently pursued to lower cardiovascular disease burden. Modulation of recently discovered inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) attenuates shedding of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) selectively from immune cells. The present study aims at investigating the impact of iRhom2 deficiency on the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice with additional deficiency of iRhom2 (LDLR-/-iRhom2-/-) and control (LDLR-/-) mice were fed a Western-type diet (WD) for 8 or 20 weeks to induce early or advanced atherosclerosis. Deficiency of iRhom2 resulted in a significant decrease in the size of early atherosclerotic plaques as determined in aortic root cross-sections. LDLR-/-iRhom2-/- mice exhibited significantly lower serum levels of TNF-α and lower circulating and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides compared to LDLR-/- mice at 8 weeks of WD. Analyses of hepatic bile acid concentration and gene expression at 8 weeks of WD revealed that iRhom2 deficiency prevented WD-induced repression of hepatic bile acid synthesis in LDLR-/- mice. In contrast, at 20 weeks of WD, plaque size, plaque composition, and serum levels of TNF-α or cholesterol were not different between genotypes. CONCLUSION Modulation of inflammation by iRhom2 deficiency attenuated diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and early atherogenesis in LDLR-/- mice. iRhom2 deficiency did not affect diet-induced plaque burden and composition in advanced atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hannemann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Hannemann435 East 30th St., 10016 New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes H Schecker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alica Brettschneider
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Rösener
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Weller
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Hannemann435 East 30th St., 10016 New York, NY, USA
| | - Karl Stangl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Ludwig
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Radiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hewing
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Zentrum für Kardiologie, Kardiologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Loerstr. 19, 48143, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology III-Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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Reyes-Soffer G, Ginsberg HN, Berglund L, Duell PB, Heffron SP, Kamstrup PR, Lloyd-Jones DM, Marcovina SM, Yeang C, Koschinsky ML. Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e48-e60. [PMID: 34647487 PMCID: PMC9989949 DOI: 10.1161/atv.0000000000000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], an apoB100-containing lipoprotein, are an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms associated with increased atherogenesis, inflammation, and thrombosis. Lp(a) is predominantly a monogenic cardiovascular risk determinant, with ≈70% to ≥90% of interindividual heterogeneity in levels being genetically determined. The 2 major protein components of Lp(a) particles are apoB100 and apolipoprotein(a). Lp(a) remains a risk factor for cardiovascular disease development even in the setting of effective reduction of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoB100. Despite its demonstrated contribution to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease burden, we presently lack standardization and harmonization of assays, universal guidelines for diagnosing and providing risk assessment, and targeted treatments to lower Lp(a). There is a clinical need to understand the genetic and biological basis for variation in Lp(a) levels and its relationship to disease in different ancestry groups. This scientific statement capitalizes on the expertise of a diverse basic science and clinical workgroup to highlight the history, biology, pathophysiology, and emerging clinical evidence in the Lp(a) field. Herein, we address key knowledge gaps and future directions required to mitigate the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk attributable to elevated Lp(a) levels.
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Yu N, Wang L, Zeng Y, Zhao Y, Chen S, Pan H, Gong F, Zhu H. The Association of Thyroid Hormones with Coronary Atherosclerotic Severity in Euthyroid Patients. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:12-19. [PMID: 34986495 DOI: 10.1055/a-1718-6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to explore the correlation between thyroid hormones and coronary atherosclerotic severity. This cross-sectional study included 340 euthyroid patients who underwent diagnostic coronary artery angiography (CAG). Gensini Score (GS) was applied to assess the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Thyroid hormones and routine biochemical parameters were measured. The associations between thyroid hormones and coronary atherosclerosis severity were analyzed. Thyroid hormones levels or parameters were taken as both continuous variables and tertiles into analysis, and the lowest tertile was usually used as the reference (OR=1) for medium and highest tertiles. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) level was associated with GS≥22 (Median GS) in Model I adjusted for age and sex [Continuous: OR=0.46, 95% CI (0.23, 0.92), p=0.029; Tertile 3: OR=0.54, 95% CI (0.30, 0.97), p=0.038], and Model II adjusted for all known risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) [Continuous: OR=0.44, 95% CI (0.20, 0.95), p=0.036; Tertile 3: OR=0.49, 95% CI (0.25, 0.96), p=0.039]. Subjects with highest tertile of FT3 to free thyroxine (FT4) ratio (FT3/FT4 ratio) appeared to have the remarkably decreased risk of CAD in both Non-adjusted Model [OR=0.49, 95% CI (0.24, 0.98), p=0.044] and Model I [OR=0.45, 95% CI (0.22, 0.93), p=0.031]. Higher FT3 level within normal range was independently and negatively associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Besides, FT3/FT4 ratio was remarkably correlated with the prevalence of CAD in euthyroid population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Surma S, Banach M. Fibrinogen and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases-Review of the Literature and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010193. [PMID: 35008616 PMCID: PMC8745133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease, represent a significant cause of premature death worldwide. Biomarkers, the evaluation of which would allow the detection of ASCVD at the earliest stage of development, are intensively sought. Moreover, from a clinical point of view, a valuable biomarker should also enable the assessment of the patient’s prognosis. It has been known for many years that the concentration of fibrinogen in plasma increases, inter alia, in patients with ASCVD. On the one hand, an increased plasma fibrinogen concentration may be the cause of the development of atherosclerotic lesions (increased risk of atherothrombosis); on the other hand, it may be a biomarker of ASCVD, as it is an acute phase protein. In addition, a number of genetic polymorphisms and post-translational modifications of fibrinogen were demonstrated that may contribute to the risk of ASCVD. This review summarizes the current data on the importance of fibrinogen as a biomarker of ASCVD, and also presents the relationship between molecular modifications of this protein in the context of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Surma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Club of Young Hypertensiologists, Polish Society of Hypertension, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-422-711-124
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21
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Zhang S, Wang X, Yin R, Xiao Q, Ding Y, Zhu X, Pan X. Circulating exosomal lncRNAs as predictors of risk and unfavorable prognosis for large artery atherosclerotic stroke. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e555. [PMID: 34923752 PMCID: PMC8684716 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Ruihua Yin
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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22
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Norby FL, Tang W, Pankow JS, Lutsey PL, Alonso A, Steffen BT, Chen LY, Zhang M, Shippee ND, Ballantyne CM, Boerwinkle E, Coresh J, Folsom AR. Proteomics and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults (From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] Study). Am J Cardiol 2021; 161:42-50. [PMID: 34794617 PMCID: PMC8608272 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasma proteomic profiling may aid in the discovery of novel biomarkers upstream of the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). We used data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study to examine the relation between large-scale proteomics and incident AF in a cohort of older-aged adults in the United States. We quantified 4,877 plasma proteins in Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants at visit 5 (2011-2013) using an aptamer-based proteomic profiling platform. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between protein levels and incident AF, and explored relation of selected protein biomarkers using annotated pathway analysis. Our study included 4,668 AF-free participants (mean age 75 ± 5 years; 59% female; 20% Black race) with proteomic measures. A total of 585 participants developed AF over a mean follow-up of 5.7 ± 1.7 years. After adjustment for clinical factors associated with AF, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was associated with the risk of incident AF (hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.68 to 1.98; p, 2.91 × 10-45 per doubling of NT-proBNP). In addition, 36 other proteins were also significantly associated with incident AF after Bonferroni correction. We further adjusted for medication use and estimated glomerular filtration rate and found 17 proteins, including angiopoietin-2 and transgelin, that remained significantly associated with incident AF. Pathway analyses implicated the inhibition of matrix metalloproteases as the top canonical pathway in AF pathogenesis. In conclusion, using a large-scale proteomic platform, we identified both novel and established proteins associated with incident AF and explored mechanistic pathways of AF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye L Norby
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, California.
| | | | | | | | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Lin Y Chen
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Zhang
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nathan D Shippee
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ning W, Ma Y, Li S, Wang X, Pan H, Wei C, Zhang S, Bai D, Liu X, Deng Y, Acharya A, Pelekos G, Savkovic V, Li H, Gaus S, Haak R, Schmalz G, Ziebolz D, Ma Y, Xu Y. Shared Molecular Mechanisms between Atherosclerosis and Periodontitis by Analyzing the Transcriptomic Alterations of Peripheral Blood Monocytes. Comput Math Methods Med 2021; 2021:1498431. [PMID: 34899963 PMCID: PMC8664523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1498431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the nature of shared transcriptomic alterations in PBMs from periodontitis and atherosclerosis to unravel molecular mechanisms underpinning their association. METHODS Gene expression data from PBMs from patients with periodontitis and those with atherosclerosis were each downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in periodontitis and atherosclerosis were identified through differential gene expression analysis. The disease-related known genes related to periodontitis and atherosclerosis each were downloaded from the DisGeNET database. A Venn diagram was constructed to identify crosstalk genes from four categories: DEGs expressed in periodontitis, periodontitis-related known genes, DEGs expressed in atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis-related known genes. A weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify significant coexpression modules, and then, coexpressed gene interaction networks belonging to each significant module were constructed to identify the core crosstalk genes. RESULTS Functional enrichment analysis of significant modules obtained by WGCNA analysis showed that several pathways might play the critical crosstalk role in linking both diseases, including bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, platelet activation, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) signaling. By constructing the gene interaction network of significant modules, the core crosstalk genes in each module were identified and included: for GSE23746 dataset, RASGRP2 in the blue module and VAMP7 and SNX3 in the green module, as well as HMGB1 and SUMO1 in the turquoise module were identified; for GSE61490 dataset, SEC61G, PSMB2, SELPLG, and FIBP in the turquoise module were identified. CONCLUSION Exploration of available transcriptomic datasets revealed core crosstalk genes (RASGRP2, VAMP7, SNX3, HMGB1, SUMO1, SEC61G, PSMB2, SELPLG, and FIBP) and significant pathways (bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, platelet activation, and MAPK signaling) as top candidate molecular linkage mechanisms between atherosclerosis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Ning
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yihong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongying Pan
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chenxuan Wei
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shaochuan Zhang
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dongying Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xiangqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, 218 Anwaixiaoguanbeili Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yupei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, 218 Anwaixiaoguanbeili Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Aneesha Acharya
- Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - George Pelekos
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong KongChina
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hanluo Li
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gaus
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yanbo Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province 271000, China
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Chemokines and their receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CXCL12 is a member of the chemokine family exerting a myriad role in atherosclerosis through its classical CXCR4 and atypical ACKR3 (CXCR7) receptors. The modulatory and regulatory functional spectrum of CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in atherosclerosis spans from proatherogenic, prothrombotic and proinflammatory to atheroprotective, plaque stabilizer and dyslipidemia rectifier. This diverse continuum is executed in a wide range of biological units including endothelial cells (ECs), progenitor cells, macrophages, monocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through complex heterogeneous and homogenous coupling of CXCR4 and ACKR3 receptors, employing different downstream signalling pathways, which often cross-talk among themselves and with other signalling interactomes. Hence, a better understanding of this structural and functional heterogeneity and complex phenomenon involving CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in atherosclerosis would not only help in formulation of novel therapeutics, but also in elucidation of the CXCL12 ligand and its receptors, as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Key messagesThe role of CXCL12 per se is proatherogenic in atherosclerosis development and progression.The CXCL12 receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3 perform both proatherogenic and athero-protective functions in various cell typesDue to functional heterogeneity and cross talk of CXCR4 and ACKR3 at receptor level and downstream pathways, regional boosting with specific temporal and spatial modulators of CXCL12, CXCR4 and ACKR3 need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A. S. Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M. Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer M. A. Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Scicali R, Mandraffino G, Di Pino A, Scuruchi M, Ferrara V, Squadrito G, Purrello F, Piro S. Impact of high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on the cardiovascular benefit of PCSK9 inhibitors in familial hypercholesterolemia subjects with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Real-world data from two lipid units. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3401-3406. [PMID: 34627693 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel inflammatory biomarker strongly associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Our aim was to evaluate the role of NLR on pulse wave velocity (PWV) after adding-on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9-i) in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) subjects with ASCVD. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective observational study, we evaluated 45 FH subjects with ASCVD on high-intensity statins plus ezetimibe and with an off-target LDL-C. Study population was divided into two groups according to the mean value of NLR. All patients received PCSK9-i therapy and obtained biochemical analysis as well as PWV evaluation at baseline and after six months of PCSK9-i. After six months of add-on PCSK9-i therapy, a significant reduction of TC, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, Lp(a) and ApoB plasma levels was observed in the two groups; while low-NLR group exhibited a significant PWV reduction after six-month therapy with PCSK9-i (Δ -16.2%, p < 0.05), no significant changes in PWV were observed in the high-NLR group. CONCLUSIONS Only FH subjects with low-NLR experienced a significant reduction of PWV after PCSK9-i. Our findings suggest a role of NLR in predicting PCSK9-i effect in FH subjects with ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Lipid Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Lipid Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Viviana Ferrara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Lipid Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Amor AJ, Vinagre I, Valverde M, Alonso N, Urquizu X, Meler E, López E, Giménez M, Codina L, Conget I, Barahona MJ, Perea V. Novel glycoproteins identify preclinical atherosclerosis among women with previous preeclampsia regardless of type 1 diabetes status. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3407-3414. [PMID: 34663538 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Information regarding inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D) or preeclampsia (PE) is scarce. We assessed differences in inflammation markers according to the presence of both conditions and their association with atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited 112 women without CVD and last pregnancy ≥5 years previously (n = 28 per group): a)T1D and PE; b)T1D without PE; c)PE without T1D; and d)Controls (without T1D or PE). Groups were matched by several CVD risk factors, and diabetes duration and retinopathy in T1D. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque presence (IMT ≥1.5 mm) were assessed by ultrasonography. Inflammatory markers included classical variables (leucocytes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP]) and glycoproteins by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy (GlycA, GlycB, GlycF and the height/width [H/W] ratios of GlycA and GlycB). The age of the participants was 44.9 ± 7.8 years, and 20.5% harbored plaque. There were no differences in inflammatory markers among the four study groups. Overall, in multivariate-adjusted models, all 1H-NMR-glycoproteins (except GlycB) were positively associated with IMT measures (IMT of bulb and maximum-IMT of any carotid segment; p < 0.05). After dividing the sample according to PE status, previous findings remained largely unchanged. Furthermore, GlycF was independently associated with carotid plaque only in PE group (OR 5.08 [1.03-25.01] per 0.1 log-increments, p = 0.046). Neither leucocytes nor hsCRP were related to atherosclerosis. Regarding T1D status, non-uniform results were observed. CONCLUSIONS High 1H-NMR-glycoprotein concentrations have a negative impact on carotid atherosclerosis among women with preeclampsia, regardless of T1D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Amor
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Irene Vinagre
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Valverde
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Xavier Urquizu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Eva Meler
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva López
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Marga Giménez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Codina
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Ignacio Conget
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Barahona
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Verónica Perea
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Spain.
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Bima A, Eldakhakhny B, Nuwaylati D, Alnami A, Ajabnoor M, Elsamanoudy A. The Interplay of Vitamin D Deficiency and Cellular Senescence in The Pathogenesis of Obesity-Related Co-Morbidities. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114127. [PMID: 34836382 PMCID: PMC8618094 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aims to clarify the interplay between obesity, vitamin D deficiency, cellular senescence, and obesity-related metabolic consequences, mainly subclinical atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity is a significant global health problem that involves cellular, environmental, behavioral, and genetic elements. The fundamental cause of obesity throughout all life stages is an energy imbalance, and its consequences are countless and, foremost, very common. Obesity has been comprehensively studied in the literature given its association with low serum vitamin D, with many proposed mechanisms linking the two conditions. Moreover, markers of exaggerated cellular senescence have been proven to accumulate in obese individuals. Subclinical atherosclerosis initiates an early stage that ends in serious cardiac events, and obesity, low vitamin D, and senescent cells largely contribute to its associated chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, NAFLD signifies the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and studies have highlighted the important role of obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and cellular senescence in its development. Therefore, we outlined the most important mechanisms tying these conditions to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Bima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Dina Nuwaylati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abrar Alnami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ayman Elsamanoudy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-59-506-2375
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Kimura Y, Tsukui D, Kono H. Uric Acid in Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212394. [PMID: 34830282 PMCID: PMC8624633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic syndrome. Elevated uric acid levels are risk factors for gout, hypertension, and chronic kidney diseases. Furthermore, various epidemiological studies have also demonstrated an association between cardiovascular risks and hyperuricemia. In hyperuricemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced simultaneously with the formation of uric acid by xanthine oxidases. Intracellular uric acid has also been reported to promote the production of ROS. The ROS and the intracellular uric acid itself regulate several intracellular signaling pathways, and alterations in these pathways may result in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In this review, we describe the effect of uric acid on various molecular signals and the potential mechanisms of atherosclerosis development in hyperuricemia. Furthermore, we discuss the efficacy of treatments for hyperuricemia to protect against the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsukui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Hajime Kono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3964-1211
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29
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Gurzeler E, Ruotsalainen AK, Laine A, Valkama T, Kettunen S, Laakso M, Ylä-Herttuala S. SUR1-E1506K mutation impairs glucose tolerance and promotes vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype in hypercholesterolemic mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258408. [PMID: 34767557 PMCID: PMC8589160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis and its complications. The loss-of-function mutation E1506K in the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1-E1506K) induces hyperinsulinemia in infancy, leading to impaired glucose tolerance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigate the effect of SUR1-E1506K mutation on atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic LDLR-/- mice. METHODS SUR1-E1506K mutated mice were cross-bred with LDLR-/- mice (SUR1Δ/LDLR-/-), 6 months old mice were fed a western-diet (WD) for 6 months to induce advanced atherosclerotic plaques. At the age of 12 months, atherosclerosis and plaque morphology were analyzed and mRNA gene expression were measured from aortic sections and macrophages. Glucose metabolism was characterized before and after WD. Results were compared to age-matched LDLR-/- mice. RESULTS Advanced atherosclerotic plaques did not differ in size between the two strains. However, in SUR1Δ/LDLR-/- mice, plaque necrotic area was increased and smooth muscle cell number was reduced, resulting in higher plaque vulnerability index in SUR1Δ/LDLR-/- mice compared to LDLR-/- mice. SUR1Δ/LDLR-/- mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and elevated fasting glucose after WD. The positive staining area of IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome were increased in aortic sections in SUR1Δ/LDLR-/- mice compared to LDLR-/- mice, and IL-18 plasma level was elevated in SUR1Δ/LDLR-/- mice. Finally, the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-18 were increased in SUR1Δ/LDLR-/- bone marrow derived macrophages in comparison to LDLR-/- macrophages in response to LPS. CONCLUSIONS SUR1-E1506K mutation impairs glucose tolerance and increases arterial inflammation, which promotes a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype in LDLR-/- mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/blood
- Aortic Diseases/etiology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/blood
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, Western/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Glucose Intolerance/genetics
- Hypercholesterolemia/blood
- Hypercholesterolemia/etiology
- Hypercholesterolemia/genetics
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Necrosis
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/blood
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Sulfonylurea Receptors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gurzeler
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Anssi Laine
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Valkama
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Kettunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail:
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30
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Valsesia A, Egli L, Bosco N, Magkos F, Kong SC, Sun L, Goh HJ, Weiting H, Arigoni F, Leow MKS, Yeo KK, Actis-Goretta L. Clinical- and omics-based models of subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy Chinese adults: a cross-sectional exploratory study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1752-1762. [PMID: 34476468 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical risk factors, such as fasting cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), and diabetes status are used today to predict the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, accurate prediction remains limited, particularly in low-risk groups such as women and younger individuals. Growing evidence suggests that biomarker concentrations following consumption of a meal challenge are better and earlier predictors of disease development than biomarker concentrations. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that postprandial responses of circulating biomarkers differ between healthy subjects with and without subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in an Asian population at low risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS One hundred healthy Chinese subjects (46 women, 54 men) completed the study. Subjects consumed a mixed-meal test and 164 blood biomarkers were analyzed over 6 h by using a combination of chemical and NMR techniques. Models were trained using different methodologies (including logistic regression, elastic net, random forest, sparse partial least square) on a random 75% subset of the data, and their performance was evaluated on the remaining 25%. RESULTS We found that models based on baseline clinical parameters or fasting biomarkers could not reliably predict SA. By contrast, an omics model based on magnitude and timing of postprandial biomarkers achieved high performance [receiving operating characteristic (ROC) AUC: 91%; 95% CI: 77, 100). Investigation of key features of this model enabled derivation of a considerably simpler model, solely based on postprandial BP and age, with excellent performance (AUC: 91%; 95% CI: 78, 100). CONCLUSION We report a novel model to detect SA based on postprandial BP and age in a population of Asian subjects at low risk of CAD. The use of this model in large-scale CVD prevention programs should be explored. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03531879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Nestlé Research Singapore Hub, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | | | | | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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-Ain QU, Ahmed A, Nisa Iqbal MU, Hashmi IA, Khan NI, Khan TA. Clearing the Clutter: Antiatherosclerotic activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis crude extract. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:2205-2211. [PMID: 35034882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant components have been extensively evaluated for their pharmacological activities. This study provides scientific rationale towards the therapeutic effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis aqueous bark extract against induced atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia in pigeons. Phytochemical components of Eucalyptus bark extract possess a great antioxidant activity that potentially reduced the risk of heart diseases. A total of 42 Pigeons of both sexes were distributed into negative control (fed normal grain diet), hyperlipidemic control (fed HFD 1% animal fat oil and 0.1% cholesterol for 3 months), test groups of variable doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 to 0.4 gms/kg BW for 21 days) and the group received atorvastatin daily after induction used. At the end of the experiment biochemical and histological evaluation has been performed. After HFD induction the serum levels of liver enzyme AST, glucose, urea, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and TG were significantly increased with the reduction in HDL levels. The atherogenic index was also found significantly raised. Microscopic examination of the liver and aorta showed the appearance of lipid-filled foam cells all over the liver parenchyma and intima after the HFD induction. Thus it was concluded that Eucalyptus aqueous bark extract can be effective against atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-Ul -Ain
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Liu H, Wang H, Ma J, Qiao Z, Zhang L, Ge G. MicroRNA-146a-3p/HDAC1/KLF5/IKBα signal axis modulates plaque formation of atherosclerosis mice. Life Sci 2021; 284:119615. [PMID: 34004248 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifocal, smoldering immune inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries driven by lipids. The aim of this study is to discuss the mechanism of microRNA-146a-3p (miR-146a-3p)/histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)/Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5)/inhibitors of kappa B α (IKBα) signal axis in plaque formation of AS mice. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat feed for 12 weeks to establish AS mice model. The expression of miR-146a-3p, KLF5, HDAC1 and IKBα in aortic wall tissues of AS mice was tested. The targeting relationship between miR-146a-3p and HDAC1 was verified. AS mice were injected with miR-146a-3p antagomir or HDAC1 overexpression to verify the impacts of miR-146a-3p and HDAC1 on blood lipids and inflammatory factors in serum, aortic wall apoptotic cells, antioxidant stress capacity and the plaque area in AS mice. VECs proliferation and apoptosis were also measured in vitro. RESULTS miR-146a-3p and KLF5 were increased while HDAC1 and IKBα were reduced in aortic wall tissues of AS mice. miR-146a-3p directly targeted to HDAC1. Depletion of miR-146a-3p or restoration of HDAC1 was correlated to lower plasma lipid level, reduced inflammatory factors in serum, attenuated aortic wall apoptosis, increased antioxidant stress capacity and improved the stability of pathological plaque of AS mice. miR-146a-3p down-regulation or HDAC1 up-regulation promoted VECs proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. CONCLUSION Functional studies show that depleted miR-146a-3p advances HDAC1 and IKBα expression as well as inhibits KLF5 expression to facilitate the stability of pathological plaques in AS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangwei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengyong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghao Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Vlachogiannis NI, Sachse M, Georgiopoulos G, Zormpas E, Bampatsias D, Delialis D, Bonini F, Galyfos G, Sigala F, Stamatelopoulos K, Gatsiou A, Stellos K. Adenosine-to-inosine Alu RNA editing controls the stability of the pro-inflammatory long noncoding RNA NEAT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 160:111-120. [PMID: 34302813 PMCID: PMC8585018 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in human disease including atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of disease-associated lncRNAs are not fully understood. Gene expression studies revealed that Nuclear Paraspeckle Assembly Transcript 1 (NEAT1) lncRNA expression was increased by >2-fold in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or in carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques. We observed a linear association between NEAT1 lncRNA expression and prevalence of CAD which was independent of age, sex, cardiovascular traditional risk factors and renal function. NEAT1 expression was induced by TNF-α, while silencing of NEAT1 profoundly attenuated the TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial cell pro-inflammatory response as defined by the expression of CXCL8, CCL2, VCAM1 and ICAM1. Overexpression of the RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1), but not of its editing-deficient mutant, upregulated NEAT1 levels. Conversely, silencing of ADAR1 suppressed the basal levels and the TNF-α-induced increase of NEAT1. NEAT1 lncRNA expression was strongly associated with ADAR1 in CAD and peripheral arterial vascular disease. RNA editing mapping studies revealed the presence of several inosines in close proximity to AU-rich elements within the AluSx3+/AluJo- double-stranded RNA complex. Silencing of the stabilizing RNA-binding protein AUF1 reduced NEAT1 levels while silencing of ADAR1 profoundly affected the binding capacity of AUF1 to NEAT1. Together, our findings propose a mechanism by which ADAR1-catalyzed A-to-I RNA editing controls NEAT1 lncRNA stability in ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos I Vlachogiannis
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marco Sachse
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Vascular Inflammation and RNA Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Vascular Signalling, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Zormpas
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dimitrios Bampatsias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Delialis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Francesca Bonini
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Vascular Inflammation and RNA Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Vascular Signalling, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - George Galyfos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiska Sigala
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Vascular Inflammation and RNA Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Vascular Signalling, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Ishida N, Yamada H, Hirose M. Euphausia pacifica (North Pacific Krill): Review of Chemical Features and Potential Benefits of 8-HEPE against Metabolic Syndrome, Dyslipidemia, NAFLD, and Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113765. [PMID: 34836021 PMCID: PMC8618228 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine n-3 fatty acids are well known to have health benefits. Recently, krill oil, which contains phospholipids, has been in the spotlight as an n-3 PUFA-containing oil. Euphausia pacifica (E. pacifica), also called North Pacific krill, is a small, red crustacean similar to shrimp that flourishes in the North Pacific Ocean. E. pacifica oil contains 8-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (8-HEPE) at a level more than 10 times higher than Euphausia superba oil. 8-HEPE can activate the transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PPARγ, and PPARδ to levels 10, 5, and 3 times greater than eicosapentaenoic acid, respectively. 8-HEPE has beneficial effects against metabolic syndrome (reduction in body weight gain, visceral fat area, amount of gonadal white adipose tissue, and gonadal adipocyte cell size), dyslipidemia (reduction in serum triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and induction of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (reduction in triglyceride accumulation and hepatic steatosis in the liver) in mice. Further studies should focus on the beneficial effects of North Pacific krill oil products and 8-HEPE on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Ishida
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Yamada
- Faculty of Life & Environmental Science, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Hirose
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-19-651-5110
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35
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Scarale MG, Antonucci A, Cardellini M, Copetti M, Salvemini L, Menghini R, Mazza T, Casagrande V, Ferrazza G, Lamacchia O, De Cosmo S, Di Paola R, Federici M, Trischitta V, Menzaghi C. A Serum Resistin and Multicytokine Inflammatory Pathway Is Linked With and Helps Predict All-cause Death in Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4350-e4359. [PMID: 34192323 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes (T2D) shows a high mortality rate, partly mediated by atherosclerotic plaque instability. Discovering novel biomarkers may help identify high-risk patients who would benefit from more aggressive and specific managements. We recently described a serum resistin and multicytokine inflammatory pathway (REMAP), including resistin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, that is associated with cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether REMAP is associated with and improves the prediction of mortality in T2D. METHODS A REMAP score was investigated in 3 cohorts comprising 1528 patients with T2D (409 incident deaths) and in 59 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA; 24 deaths). Plaques were classified as unstable/stable according to the modified American Heart Association atherosclerosis classification. RESULTS REMAP was associated with all-cause mortality in each cohort and in all 1528 individuals (fully adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for 1 SD increase = 1.34, P < .001). In CEA patients, REMAP was associated with mortality (HR = 1.64, P = .04) and a modest change was observed when plaque stability was taken into account (HR = 1.58; P = .07). REMAP improved discrimination and reclassification measures of both Estimation of Mortality Risk in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Risk Equations for Complications of Type 2 Diabetes, well-established prediction models of mortality in T2D (P < .05-< .001). CONCLUSION REMAP is independently associated with and improves predict all-cause mortality in T2D; it can therefore be used to identify high-risk individuals to be targeted with more aggressive management. Whether REMAP can also identify patients who are more responsive to IL-6 and IL-1β monoclonal antibodies that reduce cardiovascular burden and total mortality is an intriguing possibility to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scarale
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Antonucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marina Cardellini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medical Sciences, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Lucia Salvemini
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ferrazza
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medical Sciences, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Olga Lamacchia
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71100, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medical Sciences, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Claudia Menzaghi
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Ruiz de Azua MJ, Cruz-Carrión Á, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A, Suarez M. Seasonal Consumption of Cherries from Different Origins Affects Metabolic Markers and Gene Expression of Lipogenic Enzymes in Rat Liver: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:3643. [PMID: 34684644 PMCID: PMC8537345 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical composition of fruits, especially polyphenols, depends on the environmental conditions under which these fruits are cultivated and the agronomic practices followed. Therefore, the consumption of fruits from different origins, with different polyphenol signatures, could have differential effects on health. In addition, recent studies have shown that variation in the biological rhythms due to changes in the photoperiod in the different seasons differentially affect the metabolism in animal models, thus conditioning their response to food consumption. Considering all, this article evaluates the effects of consumption of sweet cherry from different sources, local (LC) and non-local (nLC), on plasma metabolic parameters and the gene expression of key enzymes of lipid metabolism in Fischer 344 rats under photoperiods simulating different seasons. Animals were classified into three photoperiods (L6, L12 and L18) and three treatments (LC, nLC and VH). Both the photoperiod and the treatments significantly affected the evaluated parameters. An effect of the photoperiod on triacylglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and the mRNA concentration of crucial enzymes from the hepatic lipid metabolism was observed. Furthermore, the consumption of fruit in L12 lowered blood glucose, while the different treatments affected the hepatic expression of genes related with lipidic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Suarez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.J.R.d.A.); (Á.C.-C.); (B.M.); (A.A.-A.)
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Xiong F, Mao R, Zhang L, Zhao R, Tan K, Liu C, Xu J, Du G, Zhang T. CircNPHP4 in monocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles controls heterogeneous adhesion in coronary heart atherosclerotic disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:948. [PMID: 34650036 PMCID: PMC8516978 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)-derived circular RNAs (circRNAs) could regulate gene expression in recipient cells, and dysregulation of sEVs-derived circRNAs has been implicated in several diseases. However, the expression and function of sEVs-derived circRNAs in coronary heart atherosclerotic disease (CAD) remain unknown. In this study, we investigated global changes in the expression patterns of circRNAs in sEVs from CAD-related monocytes and identified circNPHP4 as a significantly upregulated circRNA. Knockdown of circNPHP4 inhibited heterogeneous adhesion between monocytes and coronary artery endothelial cells and reduced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Investigations of the underlying mechanisms revealed that circNPHP4 contains a functional miR-1231-binding site. Mutation of the circNPHP4-binding sites in miR-1231 abolished the interaction, as indicated by a luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, circNPHP4 affected the expression of miR-1231 and its target gene EGFR. Overexpression of miR-1231 blocked the inhibitory effect of circNPHP4 on heterogeneous adhesion. Moreover, downregulation of miR-1231 restored heterogeneous adhesion upon inhibition by circNPHP4 silencing. Additionally, circNPHP4 overexpression was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in CAD patients. A multivariate logistic regression model and bootstrapping validation showed that circNPHP4 overexpression had a good risk prediction capability for CAD. The decision curve analysis revealed that using the CAD nomogram that included circNPHP4 overexpression to predict the risk of CAD was beneficial. Our results suggest that sEVs-derived circNPHP4 can serve as a potential target for CAD treatments or as a potential diagnostic marker for CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ruohan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Kunyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - JunBo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Guanghong Du
- Geriatric Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Black DM, Miller M, Heinonen TM, Zhang G. Advancing Beyond Failed High-density Lipoprotein Clinical Trials to Pharmacogenetic Studies of ADCY9 and Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:496-500. [PMID: 34173811 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis has been effectively avoided with many therapies that lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, significant cardiovascular burden remains. The effect of raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been confounded by other factors (such as lowering triglycerides or LDL) and unsuccessful when attempting to solely increase HDL. Reviewing the available data, the failures of previous strategies may reflect the complexity of HDL in human metabolism and the heterogeneity of human genetics. dal-GenE (NCT02525939) represents the first large cardiovascular outcomes study to use a selective genomic test to identify the target population most likely to receive therapeutic benefit and uses a cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitor, dalcetrapib. Both the cholesterol ester transfer protein target and the ADCY9 polymorphism identified by the diagnostic test are based on inheritance and an evolving understanding of inborn risk. Selective treatment of subpopulations may be the key to the conundrum of HDL as an actionable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Cardiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; and
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Shannon CM, Ballew SH, Daya N, Zhou L, Chang AR, Sang Y, Coresh J, Selvin E, Grams ME. Serum albumin and risks of hospitalization and death: Findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:2865-2876. [PMID: 34298583 PMCID: PMC8582595 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether lower serum albumin in community-dwelling, older adults is associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death independent of pre-existing disease. DESIGN Prospective cohort study of participants in the fifth visit of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Baseline data were collected from 2011 to 2013. Follow-up was available to December 31, 2017. Replication was performed in Geisinger, a health system in rural Pennsylvania. SETTING For ARIC, four US communities: Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; and suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4947 community-dwelling men and women aged 66 to 90 years. EXPOSURE Serum albumin. MAIN OUTCOMES Incident all-cause hospitalization and death. RESULTS Among the 4947 participants, mean age was 75.5 years (SD: 5.12) and mean baseline serum albumin concentration was 4.05 g/dL (SD: 0.30). Over a median follow-up period of 4.42 years (interquartile interval: 4.16-5.05), 553 participants (11.2%) died and 2457 participants (49.7%) were hospitalized at least once. The total number of hospitalizations was 5725. In analyses adjusted for demographics and numerous clinical characteristics, including tobacco use, obesity, frailty, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, diabetes C-reactive protein (CRP), cognitive status, alcohol use, medication use, respiratory disease, and systolic blood pressure, 1 g/dL lower baseline serum albumin concentration was associated with higher risk of both hospitalization (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-1.82; p < 0.001) and death (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.24-2.24; p < 0.001). Associations were weaker with older age but not different by frailty status or level of high-sensitivity CRP. Associations between serum albumin, hospitalizations, and death were also similar in a real-world cohort of primary care patients. CONCLUSIONS Lower baseline serum albumin was significantly associated with increased risk of both all-cause hospitalization and death, independent of pre-existing disease. Older adults with low serum albumin should be considered a high-risk population and targeted for interventions to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Shannon
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shoshana H Ballew
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalie Daya
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex R Chang
- Kidney Health Research Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingying Sang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Morgan E Grams
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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40
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Wiśniewska A, Stachowicz A, Kuś K, Ulatowska-Białas M, Totoń-Żurańska J, Kiepura A, Stachyra K, Suski M, Gajda M, Jawień J, Olszanecki R. Inhibition of Atherosclerosis and Liver Steatosis by Agmatine in Western Diet-Fed apoE-Knockout Mice Is Associated with Decrease in Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Reduction in Plasma Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910688. [PMID: 34639029 PMCID: PMC8509476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and NAFLD are the leading causes of death worldwide. The hallmark of NAFLD is triglyceride accumulation caused by an imbalance between lipogenesis de novo and fatty acid oxidation. Agmatine, an endogenous metabolite of arginine, exerts a protective effect on mitochondria and can modulate fatty acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigate the influence of agmatine on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and the development of hepatic steatosis in apoE−/− mice fed with a Western high-fat diet, with a particular focus on its effects on the DNL pathway in the liver. We have proved that treatment of agmatine inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis and attenuates hepatic steatosis in apoE−/− mice on a Western diet. Such effects are associated with decreased total macrophage content in atherosclerotic plaque as well as a decrease in the TG levels and the TG/HDL ratio in plasma. Agmatine also reduced TG accumulation in the liver and decreased the expression of hepatic genes and proteins involved in lipogenesis de novo such as SREBP-1c, FASN and SCD1. In conclusion, agmatine may present therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. However, an exact understanding of the mechanisms of the advantageous actions of agmatine requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | | | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Anna Kiepura
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Kamila Stachyra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Mariusz Gajda
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Jacek Jawień
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-421-1168
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41
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Płoszczyca K, Czuba M, Langfort J, Baranowski M. Exposure to Normobaric Hypoxia Combined with a Mixed Diet Contributes to Improvement in Lipid Profile in Trained Cyclists. Nutrients 2021; 13:3481. [PMID: 34684480 PMCID: PMC8538977 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of live high-train low method (LH-TL) and intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) with a controlled mixed diet on lipid profile in cyclists. Thirty trained male cyclists at a national level with at least six years of training experience participated in the study. The LH-TL group was exposed to hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.5%) for 11-12 h a day and trained under normoxia for 3 weeks. In the IHT group, participants followed the IHT routine three times a week under hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.5%) at lactate threshold intensity. The control group (N) lived and trained under normoxia. The results showed that the 3-week LH-TL method significantly improved all lipid profile variables. The LH-TL group showed a significant increase in HDL-C by 9.0% and a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) by 9.2%, LDL-C by 18.2%, and triglycerides (TG) by 27.6%. There were no significant changes in lipid profiles in the IHT and N groups. ∆TG and ∆TC were significantly higher in the LH-TL group compared to the N group. In conclusion, hypoxic conditions combined with a mixed diet can induce beneficial changes in lipid profile even in highly trained athletes. The effectiveness of the hypoxic stimulus is closely related to the hypoxic training method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Płoszczyca
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute of Sport, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Miłosz Czuba
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Józef Langfort
- Department of Sports Theory, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
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42
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Zhang W, Speiser JL, Ye F, Tsai MY, Cainzos-Achirica M, Nasir K, Herrington DM, Shapiro MD. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Modifies the Cardiovascular Risk of Lipoprotein(a): Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1083-1094. [PMID: 34503676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and their joint association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess whether Lp(a)-associated ASCVD risk is modified by hsCRP in the context of primary prevention. METHODS The current study included 4,679 participants from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Apolipoprotein ancillary data set. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the association among Lp(a), hsCRP, and time to cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, 684 CVD events occurred. A significant interaction was observed between Lp(a) and hsCRP (P = 0.04). With hsCRP <2 mg/L, no significant CVD risk was observed at any level of Lp(a) from <50 mg/dL to >100 mg/dL. However, with hsCRP ≥2 mg/L, a significant CVD risk was observed with Lp(a) of 50-99.9 mg/dL (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02-1.81) and Lp(a) ≥100 mg/dL (HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.40-3.13). Isolated elevations of either Lp(a) or hsCRP were not associated with increased CVD risk. In contrast, the combination of elevated Lp(a) (≥50 mg/dL) and hsCRP (≥2 mg/L) was independently associated with significant CVD risk (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.25-2.10) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.12-1.72). CONCLUSIONS Lp(a)-associated ASCVD risk is observed only with concomitant elevation of hsCRP. Individuals with concomitant presence of elevated Lp(a) and systemic inflammation have greater ASCVD risk and all-cause mortality, and thus may merit closer surveillance and more aggressive ASCVD risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Jaime Lynn Speiser
- The Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fan Ye
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Plazas Guerrero CG, Acosta Cota SDJ, Castro Sánchez FH, Vergara Jiménez MDJ, Ríos Burgueño ER, Sarmiento Sánchez JI, Picos Corrales LA, Osuna Martínez U. Evaluation of sucrose-enriched diet consumption in the development of risk factors associated to type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a murine model. Int J Environ Health Res 2021; 31:651-669. [PMID: 31668088 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1680817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Overconsumption of sucrose, the main contributor of the total added sugar intake in the world, has been associated with negative metabolic effects related to non-communicable diseases. However, this relationship continues to be a controversial topic and further studies are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sucrose-enriched diet consumption in the development of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a murine model. Sucrose-enriched diet-fed rats showed a decrease in food, lipids and protein intake as well as in serum total cholesterol levels, an increase in carbohydrates intake, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, VLDL-c and HDL-c levels and a greater degree of insulin resistance, steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Our results show that sucrose-enriched diet consumption during 25 weeks contribute to the development of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Efrén Rafael Ríos Burgueño
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán de Rosales, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ulises Osuna Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán de Rosales, Mexico
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44
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Huang NK, Bůžková P, Matthan NR, Djoussé L, Kizer JR, Mukamal KJ, Polak JF, Lichtenstein AH. Serum Non-Esterified Fatty Acids, Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Flow-Mediated Dilation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093052. [PMID: 34578930 PMCID: PMC8465602 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and aims: Elevated common carotid artery intima-media thickness (carotid IMT) and diminished flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are early subclinical indicators of atherosclerosis. Serum total non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations have been positively associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. The relations between individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD have as yet to be assessed. Methods: We investigated the associations between fasting serum individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD among Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants with (n = 255 for carotid IMT, 301 for FMD) or without (n = 1314 for carotid IMT, 1462 for FMD) known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Using archived samples (fasting) collected from 1996-1997 (baseline), 35 individual NEFAs were measured using gas chromatography. Carotid IMT and estimated plaque thickness (mean of maximum internal carotid IMT) were determined in 1998-1999. FMD was measured in 1997-1998. Linear regression adjusted by the Holm-Bonferroni method was used to assess relations between individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD. Results: In multivariable adjusted linear regression models per SD increment, the non-esterified trans fatty acid conjugated linoleic acid (trans-18:2 CLA) was positively associated with carotid IMT [β (95% CI): 44.8 (19.2, 70.4), p = 0.025] among participants with, but not without, ASCVD [2.16 (-6.74, 11.5), p = 1.000]. Non-esterified cis-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7c) was positively associated with FMD [19.7 (8.34, 31.0), p = 0.024] among participants without, but not with ASCVD. No significant associations between NEFAs and estimated plaque thickness were observed. Conclusions: In older adults, serum non-esterified CLA and palmitoleic acid were positively associated with carotid IMT and FMD, respectively, suggesting potential modifiable biomarkers for arteriopathy.
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Grants
- HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201800001C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and grants U01HL080295 and U01HL130114 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01AG023629, R01AG053325, and K24AG065525 NIA NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K. Huang
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Petra Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;
| | - Nirupa R. Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of General Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Joseph F. Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(617)-556-3127
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AYDOĞAN BAYKARA R, KÜÇÜK A, TUZCU A, TUZCU G, CÜRE E, USLU AU, OMMA A. The relationship of serum visfatin levels with clinical parameters, flow-mediated dilation, and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1865-1874. [PMID: 33754654 PMCID: PMC8569753 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2012-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Atherosclerotic heart diseases can occur at an early age in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) values are reliable markers for early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with AS. We aimed to investigate the relationship between visfatin levels and indirect markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in patients with AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two patients diagnosed with AS and 42 age, sex, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls were included in the study. Visfatin levels, FMD, and cIMT were measured using appropriate methods. RESULTS Visfatin levels of the patients were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.001). FMD values in patients with AS were significantly lower (p = 0.007) whereas cIMT were significantly higher than the controls (p = 0.003). There was a negative relationship between FMD with visfatin levels (p = 0.004), BASDAI (p = 0.010), and BASFI (p = 0.007). There was a positive relationship between cIMT with visfatin (p = 0.005), BASDAI (p < 0.001), and BASFI (p < 0.001). There was a positive relationship between visfatin with BASDAI (p < 0.001), and BASFI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Visfatin levels are increased and associated with impaired FMD and increased cIMT in patients with AS. Increased visfatin levels may be associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia AYDOĞAN BAYKARA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Turgut Özal University, MalatyaTurkey
| | - Adem KÜÇÜK
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, KonyaTurkey
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Ayça TUZCU
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, AydınTurkey
| | - Göksel TUZCU
- Department of Radiology, Aydın Ataturk State Hospital, AydınTurkey
| | - Erkan CÜRE
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ota & Jinemed Hospital, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Ali Uğur USLU
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yunus Emre State Hospital, EskişehirTurkey
| | - Ahmet OMMA
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, AnkaraTurkey
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Lee G, Park YS, Cho C, Lee H, Park J, Park DJ, Lee JH, Lee HJ, Ha TK, Kim YJ, Ryu SW, Han SM, Yoo MW, Park S, Han SU, Heo Y, Jung BH. Short-term changes in the serum metabolome after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Metabolomics 2021; 17:71. [PMID: 34355282 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery is known to be the most effective treatment for weight loss in obese patients and for the rapid remission of obesity-related comorbidities. These short-term improvements result from not only limited digestion or absorption but also dynamic changes in metabolism throughout the whole body. However, short-term metabolism studies associated with bariatric surgery in Asian individuals have not been reported. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term metabolome changes in the serum promoted by laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to determine the underlying mechanisms that affect obesity-related comorbidities. METHODS Serum samples were collected from Korean patients who underwent RYGB or SG before and 4 weeks after the surgery. Metabolomic and lipidomic profiling was performed using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS, and data were analyzed using statistical analysis. RESULTS Metabolites mainly related to amino acids, lipids (fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids) and bile acids changed after surgery, and these changes were associated with the lowering of risk factors for obesity-related diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerosis. Interestingly, the number of significantly altered metabolites related to the lipid metabolism were greater in SG than in RYGB. Furthermore, the metabolites related to amino acid metabolism were significantly changed only after SG, whereas bile acid changed significantly only following RYGB. CONCLUSION These differences could result from anatomical differences between the two surgeries and could be related to the gut microbiota. This study provides crucial information to expand the knowledge of the common but different molecular mechanisms involved in obesity and obesity-related comorbidities affected by each bariatric procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakyung Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST-School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamlee Cho
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Ha
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, H+ Yangji Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wan Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moon Han
- Department of Surgery, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Cheil General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Won Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Park
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Han
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST-School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yari FA, Shabani P, Karami S, Sarmadi N, Poustchi H, Bandegi AR. Circulating levels of FAM19A5 are inversely associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:153. [PMID: 34344333 PMCID: PMC8335939 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like) member A5 (FAM19A5) is a newly identified adipokine. There is a limited number of studies linking FAM19A5 to metabolic disorders. In the current study, we aimed to explore if FAM19A5 is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We also sought to determine the possibility of FAM19A5 association with subclinical atherosclerosis in NAFLD patients. METHODS A total of 69 subjects including 37 NAFLD and 32 control subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. Plasma concentration of FAM19A5 was measured with the ELISA method. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) was assessed by the ultrasonography. RESULTS Plasma concentration of FAM19A5 in patients with NAFLD was significantly lower in NAFLD patients than controls. Moreover, we observed significant negative correlations between plasma level of FAM19A5 and body mass index (BMI), visceral fat, alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), liver stiffness (LS), and cIMT. Following stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, ALT and cIMT were the only determinants of FAM19A5 level. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to describe association of circulating FAM19A5 levels with NAFLD. Our findings provide further evidence showing relation of FAM19A5 with the risk of atherosclerosis. However, more studies are necessary to unravel the contribution of lower FAM19A5 levels to the NAFLD pathogenesis and the higher risk of atherosclerosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ali Yari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parisa Shabani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sara Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Negar Sarmadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Haidegger M, Kneihsl M, Niederkorn K, Deutschmann H, Mangge H, Vetta C, Augustin M, Wünsch G, Fandler-Höfler S, Horner S, Enzinger C, Gattringer T. Blood biomarkers of progressive atherosclerosis and restenosis after stenting of symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15599. [PMID: 34341413 PMCID: PMC8329296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In-stent restenosis (ISR) represents a major complication after stenting of intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS). Biomarkers derived from routine blood sampling including C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) have been associated with progressive atherosclerosis. We investigated the role of CRP, NLR, PLR and MPV on the development of intracranial ISR and recurrent stroke risk. We retrospectively included all patients who had undergone stenting of symptomatic ICAS at our university hospital between 2005 and 2016. ISR (≥ 50% stenosis) was diagnosed by regular Duplex sonography follow-up studies and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography (mean follow-up duration: 5 years). Laboratory parameters were documented before stenting, at the time of restenosis and at last clinical follow-up. Of 115 patients (mean age: 73 ± 13 years; female: 34%), 38 (33%) developed ISR. The assessed laboratory parameters did not differ between patients with ISR and those without (p > 0.1). While ISR was associated with the occurrence of recurrent ischemic stroke (p = 0.003), CRP, NLR, PLR and MPV were not predictive of such events (p > 0.1). Investigated blood biomarkers of progressive atherosclerosis were not predictive for the occurrence of ISR or recurrent ischemic stroke after ICAS stenting during a 5-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haidegger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Kneihsl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Kurt Niederkorn
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Hannes Deutschmann
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Vetta
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Augustin
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerit Wünsch
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Fandler-Höfler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanna Horner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Gattringer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Rothstein BE, Cohen JL. An Updated Work-Up for Patients With Xanthelasma Palpebrarum. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1170-1171. [PMID: 33988552 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel L Cohen
- AboutSkin Dermatology and DermSurgery, Greenwood Village, Colorado
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50
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Colivicchi F, Di Fusco SA, Arca M, Leggio M, Caldarola P, Murrone A, Valente S, Urbinati S, Roncon L, Amodeo V, Aspromonte N, Cipriani M, Domenicucci S, Francese GM, Imazio M, di Uccio FS, Di Lenarda A, Gulizia MM, Gabrielli D. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in clinical practice: ANMCO position paper. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 22:609-617. [PMID: 33651721 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bloodstream cholesterol is a central contributor to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. For several decades, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been the main biomarker for the prediction of cardiovascular events and therapeutic target of lipid-lowering treatments. More recently, several findings have supported the greater reliability of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) as a predictive factor and possible therapeutic target in refining antiatherogenic treatments, especially among patients with lower LDL-C and higher triglyceride values. This article discusses the limits of current standard methods for assessing LDL-C levels and emphasizes the persistent residual cardiovascular risk in patients treated with lipid-lowering agents on the basis of recommended LDL-C targets. It highlights that patients with controlled LDL-C and non-targeted non-HDL-C have a higher cardiovascular risk. The article focuses on the role of non-HDL-C as a better predictor of atherosclerotic disease as compared with LDL-C and as a therapeutic target. Finally, this article includes an executive summary aimed at refining preventive approaches in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furio Colivicchi
- Clinical and Rehabilitative Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital ASL Roma 1, Rome
| | | | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome
| | - Massimo Leggio
- Clinical and Rehabilitative Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital ASL Roma 1, Rome
| | | | - Adriano Murrone
- Cardilogy-Intensive Care Unit, Ospedali di Città di Castello e Gubbio - Gualdo Tadino, Azienda USL Umbria 1, Perugia
| | | | | | - Loris Roncon
- Cardiology Unit, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Rovigo
| | - Vincenzo Amodeo
- Cardilogy-Intensive Care Unit, Santa Maria degli Ungheresi Hospital, Polistena, Reggio Calabria
| | - Nadia Aspromonte
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome
| | - Manlio Cipriani
- Cardiology Unit 2, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Cà Granda, Milan
| | | | - Giuseppina Maura Francese
- Cardiology Division, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione 'Garibaldi' Catania, Catania
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardilogy Unit, Presidio Molinette, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino
| | | | - Andrea Di Lenarda
- Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, Trieste
| | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- Cardiology Division, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione 'Garibaldi' Catania, Catania
- Presidente Fondazione per il Tuo cuore, Heart Care Foundation, Florence
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