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Aparicio E, Martín-Grau C, Hernández-Martinez C, Voltas N, Canals J, Arija V. Changes in fatty acid levels (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:778. [PMID: 34789176 PMCID: PMC8596903 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy a high amount of fatty acids (FA) is necessary to meet foetus demands, which vary during gestation. The present study describes the changes in maternal fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy in a sample of pregnant women. METHODS This is a longitudinal study of 479 pregnant women who were monitored from the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy. Data on maternal characteristics were recorded and a serum sample was collected in each trimester. The fatty acid profile (saturated (SFA: total, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid), monounsaturated (MUFA: total, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA: total omega-6 (n-6), linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), total omega-3 (n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was analysed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combination. RESULTS From the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy, a significant increase in total SFA, total MUFA and total n-6 PUFA was found. (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the serum concentration of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total n-3 PUFA decreased during gestation (p < 0.001). A statistically non-significant result was observed for the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) serum concentration between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Significant correlations were observed between each total fatty acid concentrations of the first and third trimesters. CONCLUSION The circulating serum concentration of SFA, MUFA and n-6 PUFA increases during pregnancy, whereas essential fatty acids such as AA and EPA decrease, and DHA remains unchanged. Further research is necessary to understand the role played by FA throughout gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Aparicio
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carla Martín-Grau
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS)-Camp de Tarragona-Terres de l'Ebre, Joan XXIII University Hospital in Tarragona, 43005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Martinez
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nuria Voltas
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain.
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Huang NK, Bůžková P, Matthan NR, Djoussé L, Kizer JR, Mukamal KJ, Polak JF, Lichtenstein AH. Serum Non-Esterified Fatty Acids, Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Flow-Mediated Dilation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093052. [PMID: 34578930 PMCID: PMC8465602 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and aims: Elevated common carotid artery intima-media thickness (carotid IMT) and diminished flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are early subclinical indicators of atherosclerosis. Serum total non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations have been positively associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. The relations between individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD have as yet to be assessed. Methods: We investigated the associations between fasting serum individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD among Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants with (n = 255 for carotid IMT, 301 for FMD) or without (n = 1314 for carotid IMT, 1462 for FMD) known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Using archived samples (fasting) collected from 1996-1997 (baseline), 35 individual NEFAs were measured using gas chromatography. Carotid IMT and estimated plaque thickness (mean of maximum internal carotid IMT) were determined in 1998-1999. FMD was measured in 1997-1998. Linear regression adjusted by the Holm-Bonferroni method was used to assess relations between individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD. Results: In multivariable adjusted linear regression models per SD increment, the non-esterified trans fatty acid conjugated linoleic acid (trans-18:2 CLA) was positively associated with carotid IMT [β (95% CI): 44.8 (19.2, 70.4), p = 0.025] among participants with, but not without, ASCVD [2.16 (-6.74, 11.5), p = 1.000]. Non-esterified cis-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7c) was positively associated with FMD [19.7 (8.34, 31.0), p = 0.024] among participants without, but not with ASCVD. No significant associations between NEFAs and estimated plaque thickness were observed. Conclusions: In older adults, serum non-esterified CLA and palmitoleic acid were positively associated with carotid IMT and FMD, respectively, suggesting potential modifiable biomarkers for arteriopathy.
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Grants
- HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201800001C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and grants U01HL080295 and U01HL130114 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01AG023629, R01AG053325, and K24AG065525 NIA NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K. Huang
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Petra Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;
| | - Nirupa R. Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of General Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Joseph F. Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(617)-556-3127
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Tang J, Yang B, Yan Y, Tong W, Zhou R, Zhang J, Mi J, Li D. Palmitoleic Acid Protects against Hypertension by Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001025. [PMID: 33865240 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The role of palmitoleic acid (POA) in hypertension or blood pressure remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological association between circulating POA and primary hypertension in humans, and subsequently evaluate the effects of exogenous POA on blood pressure and aortic remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS AND RESULTS A case-control study of 349 hypertensive and 1396 normotensive children and adolescents is conducted, and found hypertensive cases show significant lower erythrocyte phospholipid POA than normotensive controls (p < 0.001). In conditional logistic regression model, participants in the top quartile of POA have a lower prevalence of primary hypertension than those in the bottom (multivariate-adjusted OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25-0.89). In animal study, 24 SHRs are randomly assigned to n-3 PUFAs (500 mg kg-1 ), POA (500 mg kg-1 ), or vehicle (olive oil) for 8 weeks. At the end of intervention, as compared to SHRs treated with vehicle, SHRs treated with POA shows significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP), improved aortic remodeling, and also decreased aortic expressions of NF-κB and its downstream proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Circulating POA is inversely associated with risk of primary hypertension, and exogenous POA supplementation can decrease SBP and improve aortic remodeling by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Lipids Medicines, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Tong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renke Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Pan XF, Huang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Ye Y, Chen H, Marklund M, Wen Y, Liu Y, Zeng H, Qi X, Yang X, Yang CX, Liu G, Gibson RA, Xu S, Yu D, Chen D, Li Y, Mei Z, Pan A, Wu JHY. Circulating fatty acids and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective analyses in China. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:87-97. [PMID: 33914701 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine prospective associations between circulating fatty acids in early pregnancy and incident gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Chinese pregnant women. METHODS Analyses were based on two prospective nested case-control studies conducted in western China (336 GDM cases and 672 matched controls) and central China (305 cases and 305 matched controls). Fasting plasma fatty acids in early pregnancy (gestational age at enrollment: 10.4 weeks(s.d., 2.0)) and 13.2 weeks (1.0), respectively) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and GDM was diagnosed based on the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups criteria during 24-28 weeks of gestation. Multiple metabolic biomarkers (HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), HbA1c, c-peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, and blood lipids) were additionally measured among 672 non-GDM controls at enrollment. RESULTS Higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 14:0 (pooled odds ratio, 1.41 for each 1-s.d. increase; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.59) and 16:0 (1.19; 1.05, 1.35) were associated with higher odds of GDM. Higher levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 18:2n-6 were strongly associated with lower odds of GDM (0.69; 0.60, 0.80). In non-GDM pregnant women, higher SFAs 14:0 and 16:0 but lower n-6 PUFA 18:2n-6 were generally correlated with unfavorable metabolic profiles. CONCLUSIONS We documented adverse associations of 14:0 and 16:0 but a protective association of 18:2n-6 with GDM among Chinese pregnant women. Our findings highlight the distinct roles of specific fatty acids in the onset of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Fei Pan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinping Li
- Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Matti Marklund
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huayan Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A Gibson
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhixiong Mei
- Obstetrics Department, The Third Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Mika A, Halinski LP, Sledzinski T, Malgorzewicz S, Woloszyk P, Dardzinska J, Debska-Slizien A, Chmielewski M. Analysis of Serum Fatty Acids Profile in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030805. [PMID: 33671115 PMCID: PMC8001777 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage kidney disease, treated with renal transplantation, are at increased risk of cardio-vascular disease (CVD) and cardio-vascular mortality. They are also characterized by an atherogenic dyslipidemia. Alterations of the fatty acids (FA) profile contribute to increased cardio-vascular risk in the general population. In the current study we test the hypothesis that kidney transplantation is associated with ab-normalities in FA profile. FA profile was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in 198 renal transplant recipients, and 48 control subjects. The most profound differences between renal transplant patients and controls were related to the content of branched chain FA, monounsaturated FA, and n-6 polyunsaturated FA, respectively. The FA profile significantly separated the patients from the controls in the principal component analysis (PCA). The abnormalities of FA profile showed a tendency for normalization in long-term kidney recipients, as compared to patients with recent transplants. The n-3 PUFA content demonstrated a strong inverse association with the presence of inflammation. Most profound alterations of the FA profile were observed in patients with impaired graft function (glomerular filtration rate < 45 mL/min). The study demonstrated significant disorders of the FA profile in kidney transplant recipients, that might contribute to cardio-vascular risk in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Lukasz P Halinski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylwia Malgorzewicz
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.D.-S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Woloszyk
- Department of Pediatric and f Internal Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Dardzinska
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Alicja Debska-Slizien
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.D.-S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michal Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.D.-S.); (M.C.)
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Lehtovirta M, Matthews LA, Laitinen TT, Nuotio J, Niinikoski H, Rovio SP, Lagström H, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Jula A, Ala-Korpela M, Raitakari OT, Pahkala K. Achievement of the Targets of the 20-Year Infancy-Onset Dietary Intervention-Association with Metabolic Profile from Childhood to Adulthood. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020533. [PMID: 33562015 PMCID: PMC7915301 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) is a prospective infancy-onset randomized dietary intervention trial targeting dietary fat quality and cholesterol intake, and favoring consumption of vegetables, fruit, and whole-grains. Diet (food records) and circulating metabolites were studied at six time points between the ages of 9-19 years (n = 549-338). Dietary targets for this study were defined as (1) the ratio of saturated fat (SAFA) to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA + PUFA) < 1:2, (2) intake of SAFA < 10% of total energy intake, (3) fiber intake ≥ 80th age-specific percentile, and (4) sucrose intake ≤ 20th age-specific percentile. Metabolic biomarkers were quantified by high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics. Better adherence to the dietary targets, regardless of study group allocation, was assoiated with higher serum proportion of PUFAs, lower serum proportion of SAFAs, and a higher degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. Achieving ≥ 1 dietary target resulted in higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, lower circulating LDL subclass lipid concentrations, and lower circulating lipid concentrations in medium and small high-density lipoprotein subclasses compared to meeting 0 targets. Attaining more dietary targets (≥2) was associated with a tendency to lower lipid concentrations of intermediate-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein subclasses. Thus, adherence to dietary targets is favorably associated with multiple circulating fatty acids and lipoprotein subclass lipid concentrations, indicative of better cardio-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Lehtovirta
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.A.M.); (T.T.L.); (J.N.); (S.P.R.); (O.T.R.); (K.P.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2333-7552
| | - Laurie A. Matthews
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.A.M.); (T.T.L.); (J.N.); (S.P.R.); (O.T.R.); (K.P.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Tomi T. Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.A.M.); (T.T.L.); (J.N.); (S.P.R.); (O.T.R.); (K.P.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.A.M.); (T.T.L.); (J.N.); (S.P.R.); (O.T.R.); (K.P.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Suvi P. Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.A.M.); (T.T.L.); (J.N.); (S.P.R.); (O.T.R.); (K.P.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma S. A. Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (J.S.A.V.); (T.R.)
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Division of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (J.S.A.V.); (T.R.)
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute for Health and Welfare, 20750 Turku, Finland;
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.A.M.); (T.T.L.); (J.N.); (S.P.R.); (O.T.R.); (K.P.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.A.M.); (T.T.L.); (J.N.); (S.P.R.); (O.T.R.); (K.P.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Lillja J, Duncan KD, Lanekoff I. Determination of Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Isomers in Biological Systems by Modeling MS 3 Product Ion Patterns. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:2479-2487. [PMID: 32677833 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated free fatty acids are natively present in biological samples as isomers, where double bonds can be situated on different carbons in the acyl chain. While these isomers can have different actions and impacts on biological systems, they are inherently difficult to identify and differentiate by mass spectrometry alone. To address this challenge, several techniques for derivatization of the double bond or metal cationization at the carboxylic group have yielded diagnostic product ions for the respective isomer in tandem mass spectrometry. However, diagnostic product ions do not necessarily reflect quantitative isomeric ratios since fatty acid isomers have different ionization and fragmentation efficiencies. Here, we introduce a simple and rapid approach to predict the quantitative ratio of isomeric monounsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, empirically derived MS3 product ion patterns from fatty acid silver adducts are modeled using a stepwise linear model. This model is then applied to predict the proportion oleic and vaccenic acid in chemically complex samples at individual concentrations between 0.45 and 5.25 μM, with an average accuracy and precision below 2 and 5 mol %, respectively. We show that by simply including silver ions in the electrospray solvent, isomeric ratios are rapidly predicted in neat standards, rodent plasma, and tissue extract. Furthermore, we use the method to directly map isomeric ratios in tissue sections using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization MS3 imaging without any sample preparation or modification to the instrumental setup. Ultimately, this approach provides a simple and rapid solution to differentiate monounsaturated fatty acids using commonly available commercial mass spectrometers without any instrumental modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lillja
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kyle D Duncan
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Nandi A, Wadhwani N, Randhir K, Wagh G, Joshi SR. Association of vitamin D with fatty acids in pregnancy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 157:102030. [PMID: 31753523 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication, associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The etiology of preeclampsia is not yet fully understood, although the current literature indicates an up regulation of inflammatory mediators. Vitamin D is known to have anti-inflammatory properties and influence vascular function. Fatty acids are also known to regulate inflammation in pregnancy. This study was carried out to explore the association of maternal vitamin D and fatty acids in pregnancy. The present study includes 69 normotensive control (NC) and 50 women with preeclampsia (PE). Maternal and cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were lower (p<0.01for both) in women with PE compared to NC women. Maternal plasma total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels were lower (p<0.05) while levels of total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were higher (p<0.05 for both) in women with PE. Cord erythrocyte PUFA levels were higher (p<0.01) in PE women. Maternal 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with maternal systolic and diastolic BP (p<0.01 for both). Maternal 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with maternal total PUFA (p<0.01) and negatively associated with maternal total SFA (p<0.05), total MUFA (p<0.01). This study for the first time demonstrates an association of maternal vitamin D with fatty acid levels in pregnancy. Our results suggest that vitamin D and fatty acids may work in concert to regulate fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nandi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India
| | - N Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India
| | - K Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India
| | - G Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India
| | - S R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
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Qiu S, Wang F, Hu J, Yang Y, Li D, Tian W, Yuan X, Lv Y, Yu M. Increased dietary fatty acids determine the fatty-acid profiles of human pancreatic cancer cells and their carrier's plasma, pancreas and liver. Endocr J 2020; 67:387-395. [PMID: 31827053 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary contents of dietary fat are three or four types of fatty acids, namely saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), n6-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n6PUFA) and, to less extent, n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3PUFA). Previous studies suggest that increased SFA, MUFA, and n6PUFA in high fat diets (HFDs) stimulate the origination, growth, and liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells, whereas increased n3PUFA has the opposite effects. It is unclear whether the fatty acid-induced effects are based on changed fatty-acid composition of involved cells. Here, we investigated whether increased SFA, MUFA, n6PUFA, and n3PUFA in different HFDs determine the FA profiles of pancreatic cancer cells and their carrier's plasma, pancreas, and liver. We transplanted MiaPaCa2 human pancreatic cancer cells in athymic mice and fed them normal diet or four HFDs enriched with SFA, MUFA, n6PUFA, and n3PUFA, respectively. After 7 weeks, fatty acids were profiled in tumor, plasma, pancreas, and liver, using gas chromatography. When tumor carriers were fed four HFDs, the fatty acids that were increased dietarily were also increased in the plasma. When tumor carriers were fed MUFA-, n6PUFA-, and n3PUFA-enriched HFDs, the dietarily increased fatty acids were also increased in tumor, pancreas, and liver. When tumor-carriers were fed the SFA-enriched HFD featuring lauric and myristic acids (C12:0 and C14:0), tumor, pancreas, and liver showed an increase not in the same SFAs but palmitic acid (C16:0) and/or stearic acid (C18:0). In conclusion, predominant fatty acids in HFDs determine the fatty-acid profiles of pancreatic cancer cells and their murine carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qiu
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Feng Wang
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Jiacai Hu
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Centre of Disease Control, Jinnan, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dihua Li
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Wencong Tian
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Xiangfei Yuan
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Yuanshan Lv
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Zhang T, Xia Y, Han TL, Zhang H, Baker PN. Five serum fatty acids are associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in a Chinese pregnant population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6743. [PMID: 32317737 PMCID: PMC7174292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Although SCH and abnormal fatty acid composition are often associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic syndrome later in maternal and fetal life, the longitudinal relationship between SCH and serum fatty acids during pregnancy has rarely been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between SCH and maternal serum fatty acids throughout gestation. A total of 240 women enrolled in the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) study in Chongqing, China were included in our study. Clinical information and maternal serum samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy: 11-14th, 22-28th, and 32-34th weeks of gestation. Twenty serum fatty acids were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A majority of the 20 serum fatty acids increased as gestation progressed in women with a normal pregnancy and women experiencing SCH. Levels of arachidic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosenoic acid were significantly higher in the serum of women with SCH when compared to women with a normal pregnancy, in the second trimester. On the other hand, the levels of eicosadienoic acid and octadecanoic acid were significantly higher in SCH in the third trimester. Our findings demonstrate that serum fatty acid composition during the second and third trimesters was significantly associated with SCH in pregnant Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Tricò D, Mengozzi A, Nesti L, Hatunic M, Gabriel Sanchez R, Konrad T, Lalić K, Lalić NM, Mari A, Natali A. Circulating palmitoleic acid is an independent determinant of insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose tolerance in non-diabetic individuals: a longitudinal analysis. Diabetologia 2020; 63:206-218. [PMID: 31676981 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Experimental studies suggest that the fatty acid palmitoleate may act as an adipocyte-derived lipid hormone (or 'lipokine') to regulate systemic metabolism. We investigated the relationship of circulating palmitoleate with insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose tolerance in humans. METHODS Plasma NEFA concentration and composition were determined in non-diabetic individuals from the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease (RISC) study cohort at baseline (n = 1234) and after a 3 year follow-up (n = 924). Glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and beta cell function were assessed during an OGTT. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was measured by a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (M/I) and OGTT (oral glucose insulin sensitivity index [OGIS]). The liver insulin resistance index was calculated using clinical and biochemical data. Body composition including fat mass was determined by bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS Circulating palmitoleate was proportional to fat mass (r = 0.21, p < 0.0001) and total NEFA levels (r = 0.19, p < 0.0001). It correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (M/I: standardised regression coefficient [std. β] = 0.16, p < 0.0001), liver insulin resistance (std. β = -0.14, p < 0.0001), beta cell function (potentiation: std. β = 0.08, p = 0.045) and glucose tolerance (2 h glucose: std. β = -0.24, p < 0.0001) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, adiposity and other NEFA. High palmitoleate concentrations prevented the decrease in insulin sensitivity associated with excess palmitate (p = 0.0001). In a longitudinal analysis, a positive independent relationship was observed between changes in palmitoleate and insulin sensitivity over time (std. β = 0.07, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrated that plasma palmitoleate is an independent determinant of insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose tolerance in non-diabetic individuals. These results support the role of palmitoleate as a beneficial lipokine released by adipose tissue to prevent the negative effects of adiposity and excess NEFA on systemic glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nesti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mensud Hatunic
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Thomas Konrad
- Institute for Metabolic Research, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katarina Lalić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša M Lalić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Slim M, Ha C, Vanstone CA, Morin SN, Rahme E, Weiler HA. Evaluation of plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids C15:0, t-C16:1n-7 and C17:0 as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption in adolescents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 149:24-29. [PMID: 31421524 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pentadecanoic (C15:0), heptadecanoic (C17:0) and trans-palmitoleic (t-C16:1n-7) fatty acids (FAs) are often used as biomarkers for dairy fat in adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dairy product intake and these FAs in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Healthy adolescents were randomized to one of three groups (Group 1: control; Group 2: consume 3 dairy servings/day; and Group 3: consume ≥ 4 servings/d). C15:0, C17:0 and t-C16:1n-7 were quantified using gas chromatography. Dietary intakes were assessed by 24 h diet recalls. RESULTS No difference was observed in FAs at baseline or 6 months (mo), however, at 12 mo, erythrocyte C15:0 increased in group 3 (+0.37 µg/ml, p = 0.01). Dairy intake increased in both intervention groups (Group 2: +1.4 servings/d; Group 3: +2.4 servings/d, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with erythrocyte C15:0 at 12 mo. CONCLUSION Erythrocyte FAs appear to be associated with increasing dairy intakes during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Slim
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - C Ha
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - C A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - S N Morin
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E Rahme
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Chajès V, Gibson LJ, Biessy C, Slimani N, Asiki G, Dossus L, Wild CP, Newton R. Trends of serum phospholipid fatty acids over time in rural Uganda: evidence of nutritional transition? Br J Nutr 2019; 121:130-136. [PMID: 30477593 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases are projected to become the most common causes of death in Africa by 2030. The impact on health of epidemiological and nutritional transitions in sub-Saharan Africa remains unclear. To assess the trends of dietary fatty acids over time in Uganda, we examined fatty acids in serum collected from individuals in rural south-west Uganda, at three time points over two decades. Independent cross-sectional samples of 915 adults and children were selected from the general population cohort in 1990 (n 281), 2000 (n 283) and 2008 (n 351). Serum phospholipid fatty acids were measured by GC. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to compare the geometric means of fatty acids by time period. Serum fatty acid profiling showed high proportions of SFA, cis-MUFA and industrial trans-fatty acids (iTFA), likely to be biomarkers of high consumption of palm oil and hydrogenated fats. In contrast, proportions of n-6 and n-3 PUFA from vegetable oils and fish were low. From 1990 to 2008, serum phospholipids showed increases in absolute amounts of SFA (17·3 % increase in adults and 26·4 % in children), MUFA (16·7 % increase in adults and 16·8 % in children) and n-6:n-3 PUFA (40·1 % increase in adults and 39·8 % in children). The amount of elaidic acid, iTFA from hydrogenated fats, increased in children (60·1 % increase). In this rural Ugandan population, we show evidence of unfavourable trends over time of dietary fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Chajès
- 1Section of Nutrition and Metabolism,International Agency for Research on Cancer,69382 Lyon Cedex 08,France
| | - Lorna J Gibson
- 2Department of Social and Environmental Health Research,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,London WC1E 7HT,UK
| | - Carine Biessy
- 1Section of Nutrition and Metabolism,International Agency for Research on Cancer,69382 Lyon Cedex 08,France
| | - Nadia Slimani
- 1Section of Nutrition and Metabolism,International Agency for Research on Cancer,69382 Lyon Cedex 08,France
| | - Gershim Asiki
- 3Epidemiology and Prevention Programme,MRC/UBRI,Entebbe,Uganda
| | - Laure Dossus
- 1Section of Nutrition and Metabolism,International Agency for Research on Cancer,69382 Lyon Cedex 08,France
| | | | - Robert Newton
- 3Epidemiology and Prevention Programme,MRC/UBRI,Entebbe,Uganda
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Amézaga J, Arranz S, Urruticoechea A, Ugartemendia G, Larraioz A, Louka M, Uriarte M, Ferreri C, Tueros I. Altered Red Blood Cell Membrane Fatty Acid Profile in Cancer Patients. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121853. [PMID: 30513730 PMCID: PMC6315925 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) composition of red blood cell (RBC) membrane phospholipids of cancer patients can reflect tumor status, dietary intakes, and cancer type or therapy. However, the characteristic membrane profiles have so far not yet defined as a potential biomarker to monitor disease evolution. The present work provides the first evidence of cancer metabolic signatures affecting cell membranes that are independent of nutritional habits. From the Oncology Outpatient Unit of the Onkologikoa hospital, two groups of cancer patients (n = 54) and healthy controls (n = 37) were recruited, and mature RBCs membrane phospholipids were analyzed for FA profiling (GC-MS). Dietary habits were evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The adjusted Analysis of Covariance Test (ANCOVA) model revealed cancer patients to have a lower relative percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (C16:0 (5.7%); C18:0 (15.9%)), and higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (9c-C18:1 (12.9%) and 11c-C18:1 (54.5%)), compared to controls. In line with this, we observe that the desaturase enzymatic index (delta-9 desaturase (Δ9D), +28.3%) and the membrane saturation index (SI = SFA/MUFA; −27.3%) were similarly modulated. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) families showed an increase of n-6 C18:2 and C20:3 (15.7% and 22.2% respectively), with no differences in n-6 C20:4 and n-3 PUFA (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)). Importantly, these changes were found independent of foods and fat intakes from the diet. The membrane lipid profile in RBC was useful to ascertain the presence of two main metabolic signatures of increased desaturation activity and omega-6 in cancer patients, statistically independent from dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Amézaga
- AZTI, Food and Health, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food and Health, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Ander Urruticoechea
- Onkologikoa Foundation, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, 121, 20014 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Gurutze Ugartemendia
- Onkologikoa Foundation, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, 121, 20014 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Aitziber Larraioz
- Onkologikoa Foundation, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, 121, 20014 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Maria Louka
- Lipinutragen, Via di Corticella, 181/4, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matxalen Uriarte
- AZTI, Food and Health, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Itziar Tueros
- AZTI, Food and Health, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Mika A, Sikorska-Wiśniewska M, Małgorzewicz S, Stepnowski P, Dębska-Ślizień A, Śledziński T, Chmielewski M. Potential contribution of monounsaturated fatty acids to cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease. Pol Arch Intern Med 2018; 128:755-763. [PMID: 30457128 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are particularly susceptible to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased synthesis of endogenous monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) might predispose to cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the serum MUFA content in patients at subsequent stages of CKD, and to evaluate associations between MUFA content and SCD1 activity, patients' diet, and cardiovascular risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum fatty acid composition was evaluated in 177 patients with subsequent stages of CKD (1-2, 3a, 3b, 4-5, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and after kidney transplantation), and in 30 healthy controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the measurement. RESULTS Serum MUFA content was shown to increase with subsequent stages of CKD and to be correlated with various risk factors of CVD, including serum triacylglycerols, HDL cholesterol (P <0.01), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P <0.05). Moreover, also the prevalence of CVD was shown to increase with CKD progression. Estimated SCD1 activity was associated with serum MUFA content (P <0.01), but no association was found between dietary MUFA intake and serum MUFA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the elevation of serum MUFA levels in CKD patients may contribute to an increased risk of CVD during CKD progression, mainly due to increased endogenous MUFA synthesis by SCD1.
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Hamułka J, Głąbska D, Guzek D, Białkowska A, Sulich A. Intake of Saturated Fatty Acids Affects Atherogenic Blood Properties in Young, Caucasian, Overweight Women Even without Influencing Blood Cholesterol. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15112530. [PMID: 30424516 PMCID: PMC6267335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite a general relation between fat intake and cardiovascular risk factors, the association is often not observed in studies conducted in heterogenic populations, as for population groups, it may differ. The aim of the study was to analyze the associations between dietary fat intake and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions, as well as atherogenic blood properties, in young and middle-aged overweight Caucasian women. In a group of 138 overweight women, the three-day dietary records were assessed, under-reporters were excluded, and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions were analyzed. For the included 24 young (aged 20–40) and 42 middle-age women (aged 40–60), the intakes of fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and cholesterol, as well as the PUFA/SFA ratio, were assessed. Afterwards, the analysis of associations with blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride, as well as the TC/HDL ratio, HDL/LDL, ratio and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), were conducted. It was stated that the influence of the dietary fat level on lipoprotein cholesterol fractions as well as atherogenic blood properties in overweight Caucasian women is age dependent. For young, overweight, Caucasian women, the influence of the dietary fat level on the lipoprotein cholesterol fractions was not observed; however, SFA intake influenced atherogenic blood properties. For middle-aged, overweight, Caucasian women, the PUFA intake had an especially important influence in increasing the HDL cholesterol level. For overweight Caucasian women, not only should lipoprotein cholesterol fractions be controlled, but also the AIP calculated—especially for younger women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Hamułka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Białkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
- Internal Department, Czerniakowski Hospital, 19/25 Stępińska Street, 00-739 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Sulich
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Griffin BA, Walker CG, Jebb SA, Moore C, Frost GS, Goff L, Sanders TAB, Lewis F, Griffin M, Gitau R, Lovegrove JA. APOE4 Genotype Exerts Greater Benefit in Lowering Plasma Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B than Wild Type (E3/E3), after Replacement of Dietary Saturated Fats with Low Glycaemic Index Carbohydrates. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101524. [PMID: 30336580 PMCID: PMC6213759 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the impact of APOE genotype on plasma lipids and glucose in a secondary analysis of data from a five-arm, randomised controlled, parallel dietary intervention trial ('RISCK' study), to investigate the impact of replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with either monounsaturated fat (MUFA) or carbohydrate of high or low glycaemic index (GI) on CVD risk factors and insulin sensitivity. We tested the impact of APOE genotype (carriage of E2 and E4 alleles versus E3/E3), determined retrospectively, on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and glucose homeostasis at baseline (n = 469), and on the change in these variables after 24 weeks of dietary intervention (n = 389). At baseline, carriers of E2 (n = 70), E4 (n = 125) and E3/E3 (n = 274) expressed marked differences in total plasma cholesterol (TC, p = 0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p < 0.0001), apolipoprotein B (apo B, p < 0.0001) and total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL-C, p = 0.002), with plasma concentrations decreasing in the order E4 > E3/E3 > E2. Following intervention, there was evidence of a significant diet x genotype interaction with significantly greater decreases in TC (p = 0.02) and apo B (p = 0.006) among carriers of E4 when SFA was replaced with low GI carbohydrate on a lower fat diet (TC -0.28 mmol/L p = 0.03; apo B -0.1 g/L p = 0.02), and a relative increase in TC (in comparison to E3/E3) when SFA was replaced with MUFA and high GI carbohydrates (TC 0.3 mmol/L, p = 0.03). Among carriers of E2 (compared with E3/E3) there was an increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) when SFA was replaced with MUFA and low GI carbohydrates 0.46 mmol/L p = 0.001). There were no significant interactions between APOE genotype and diet for changes in indices of glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, variations in APOE genotype led to differential effects on the lipid response to the replacement of SFA with MUFA and low GI carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Griffin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK.
| | - Celia G Walker
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Carmel Moore
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Gary S Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Imperial College London, London W12 OHS, UK.
| | - Louise Goff
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Imperial College London, London W12 OHS, UK.
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Tom A B Sanders
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Fiona Lewis
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Margaret Griffin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK.
| | - Rachel Gitau
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
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18
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Imamura F, Fretts A, Marklund M, Ardisson Korat AV, Yang WS, Lankinen M, Qureshi W, Helmer C, Chen TA, Wong K, Bassett JK, Murphy R, Tintle N, Yu CI, Brouwer IA, Chien KL, Frazier-Wood AC, del Gobbo LC, Djoussé L, Geleijnse JM, Giles GG, de Goede J, Gudnason V, Harris WS, Hodge A, Hu F, Koulman A, Laakso M, Lind L, Lin HJ, McKnight B, Rajaobelina K, Risérus U, Robinson JG, Samieri C, Siscovick DS, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Sotoodehnia N, Sun Q, Tsai MY, Uusitupa M, Wagenknecht LE, Wareham NJ, Wu JHY, Micha R, Forouhi NG, Lemaitre RN, Mozaffarian D. Fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002670. [PMID: 30303968 PMCID: PMC6179183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate prospective associations of circulating or adipose tissue odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 and trans-palmitoleic acid, t16:1n-7, as potential biomarkers of dairy fat intake, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS AND FINDINGS Sixteen prospective cohorts from 12 countries (7 from the United States, 7 from Europe, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan) performed new harmonised individual-level analysis for the prospective associations according to a standardised plan. In total, 63,682 participants with a broad range of baseline ages and BMIs and 15,180 incident cases of T2D over the average of 9 years of follow-up were evaluated. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis. Prespecified interactions by age, sex, BMI, and race/ethnicity were explored in each cohort and were meta-analysed. Potential heterogeneity by cohort-specific characteristics (regions, lipid compartments used for fatty acid assays) was assessed with metaregression. After adjustment for potential confounders, including measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) and lipogenesis (levels of palmitate, triglycerides), higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with lower incidence of T2D. In the most adjusted model, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident T2D per cohort-specific 10th to 90th percentile range of 15:0 was 0.80 (0.73-0.87); of 17:0, 0.65 (0.59-0.72); of t16:1n7, 0.82 (0.70-0.96); and of their sum, 0.71 (0.63-0.79). In exploratory analyses, similar associations for 15:0, 17:0, and the sum of all three fatty acids were present in both genders but stronger in women than in men (pinteraction < 0.001). Whereas studying associations with biomarkers has several advantages, as limitations, the biomarkers do not distinguish between different food sources of dairy fat (e.g., cheese, yogurt, milk), and residual confounding by unmeasured or imprecisely measured confounders may exist. CONCLUSIONS In a large meta-analysis that pooled the findings from 16 prospective cohort studies, higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with a lower risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Fretts
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Andres V. Ardisson Korat
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wei-Sin Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Waqas Qureshi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Bowman Gray Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine Helmer
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tzu-An Chen
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kerry Wong
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie K. Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Murphy
- Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention, School of Population & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chaoyu Ian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ingeborg A. Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Alexis C. Frazier-Wood
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liana C. del Gobbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Divisions of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Janette de Goede
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Holtasmári 1, Kópavogur, Iceland, Iceland
| | - William S. Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- OmegaQuant Analytics LLC, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Allison Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - InterAct Consortium
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kalina Rajaobelina
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jennifer G. Robinson
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine at the University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - David S. Siscovick
- The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jason HY Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health and the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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19
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Yammine SG, Naja F, Tamim H, Nasrallah M, Biessy C, Aglago EK, Matta M, Romieu I, Gunter MJ, Nasreddine L, Chajès V. Association between Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acid Levels and Adiposity among Lebanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1371. [PMID: 30257485 PMCID: PMC6213065 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been increases in the incidence of obesity in Lebanon over the past few decades. Fatty acid intake and metabolism have been postulated to influence obesity, but few epidemiological studies have been conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum fatty acid levels and indicators of obesity in a cross-sectional study nested within a cohort of 501 Lebanese adults residing in Greater Beirut. A total of 395 available serum samples (129 men, 266 women) were profiled for phospholipid fatty acid composition. Spearman correlation coefficients adjusted for relevant confounders and corrected for multiple testing were calculated between serum fatty acids, desaturation indices, and indicators of adiposity (body mass index (BMI) and waist). BMI was significantly positively correlated with saturated fatty acids in men (r = 0.40, p < 0.0001, q < 0.0001) and women (r = 0.33, p < 0.0001, q < 0.0001). BMI was significantly positively correlated with monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid in women (r = 0.15, p = 0.01, q = 0.03). This study suggests that high blood levels of some saturated fatty acids and the monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid, likely derived from both dietary intakes of saturated fatty acids and endogenous lipogenesis, may have been associated with adiposity in the Lebanese population. The causality of these associations needs to be explored in experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar G Yammine
- Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69373 Lyon, France.
| | - Farah Naja
- Nutritrion and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Hani Tamim
- Nutritrion and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Mona Nasrallah
- Nutritrion and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Carine Biessy
- Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69373 Lyon, France.
| | - Elom K Aglago
- Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69373 Lyon, France.
| | - Michèle Matta
- Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69373 Lyon, France.
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69373 Lyon, France.
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69373 Lyon, France.
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Nutritrion and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Véronique Chajès
- Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69373 Lyon, France.
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20
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Khor BH, Narayanan SS, Chinna K, Gafor AHA, Daud ZAM, Khosla P, Sundram K, Karupaiah T. Blood Fatty Acid Status and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101353. [PMID: 30248953 PMCID: PMC6213187 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood fatty acids (FAs) are derived from endogenous and dietary routes. Metabolic abnormalities from kidney dysfunction, as well as cross-cultural dietary habits, may alter the FA profile of dialysis patients (DP), leading to detrimental clinical outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to (i) summarize FA status of DP from different countries, (ii) compare blood FA composition between healthy controls and DP, and (iii) evaluate FA profile and clinical endpoints in DP. Fifty-three articles from 1980 onwards, reporting FA profile in hemodialysis and peritoneal DP, were identified from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. Studies on pediatric, predialysis chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and transplant patients were excluded. Moderate to high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were reported in Japan, Korea, Denmark, and Sweden. Compared to healthy adults, DP had lower proportions of n-3 and n-6 PUFA, but higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids. Two studies reported inverse associations between n-3 PUFAs and risks of sudden cardiac death, while one reported eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid)/arachidonic acid ratio was inversely associated with cardiovascular events. The relationship between all-cause mortality and blood FA composition in DP remained inconclusive. The current evidence highlights a critical role for essential FA in nutritional management of DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban-Hock Khor
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | | | - Karuthan Chinna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Zulfitri Azuan Mat Daud
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Pramod Khosla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | | | - Tilakavati Karupaiah
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
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21
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Bukowiecka-Matusiak M, Burzynska-Pedziwiatr I, Sansone A, Malachowska B, Zurawska-Klis M, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C, Ochedalski T, Cypryk K, Wozniak LA. Lipid profile changes in erythrocyte membranes of women with diagnosed GDM. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203799. [PMID: 30216387 PMCID: PMC6138398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance that begins or is first recognized during pregnancy. It is currently a growing health problem worldwide affecting from 1% to 14% of all pregnant women depending on racial and ethnic group as well as the diagnostic and screening criteria. Our preliminary study aimed at investigating the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profiles of pregnant women, in particular with diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and with normal glucose tolerant (NGT) pregnant women as a control group. The study group comprised 43 pregnant women, 32 of whom were diagnosed with GDM according to the WHO criteria, and 11 with normal glucose tolerance. The erythrocyte membrane phospholipids were obtained according to the Folch extraction procedure. Fatty acids (FA) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) as the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). A cluster of 14 fatty acids identified contained >98% of the recognized peaks in the GC analysis. The analysis of fatty acids from erythrocytes revealed important differences between GDM and NGT women in the third trimester, and the results were correlated with biochemical data. Among the 14 measured FA representing the membrane lipidomic profile, the levels of three saturated FA (myristic, palmitic, stearic acids) tended to decrease in GDM patients, with the percentage content of stearic acid significantly changed. The relative content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) tended to increase, in particular the oleic acid and vaccenic acid contents were significantly increased in erythrocyte membranes of the GDM group in comparison with the NGT group. The GDM group demonstrated higher sapienic acid levels (+29%) but this change was not statistically significant. This study revealed association between an impaired cis-vaccenic acid concentration in erythrocytes membrane and GDM development. No significant changes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were observed in GDM and NGT erythrocytes. We postulate, basing on the differences between the GDM and NGT lipidomic profiles, that stearic and cis-vaccenic acids can be considered as dual biomarkers of specific SFA-MUFA conversion pathway, involving the coupling of delta-9 desaturase and elongase enzymes. Our results indicate that the SFA-MUFA families may be involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as GDM, but the further studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis. In conclusion, the erythrocyte membranes of GDM women undergo remodeling resulting in abnormal fatty acid profiles, which are reflection of the long-term status of organism and can have great impact on both the mother and her offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Sansone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beata Malachowska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Zurawska-Klis
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Department of Clinic Nursing, Department of Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Lodz, Poland
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Tomasz Ochedalski
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cypryk
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Department of Clinic Nursing, Department of Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Lodz, Poland
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22
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Yu EA, Hu PJ, Mehta S. Plasma fatty acids in de novo lipogenesis pathway are associated with diabetogenic indicators among adults: NHANES 2003-2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:622-632. [PMID: 30535092 PMCID: PMC6915820 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin regulates fatty acids (FAs) in the blood; conversely, FAs may mediate insulin sensitivity and are potentially modifiable risk factors of the diabetogenic state. Objective The objective of our study was to examine the associations between plasma concentrations of FAs, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among individuals (n = 1433) in the NHANES (2003-2004). Design Plasma concentrations of 24 individual FAs were considered individually and in subgroups, per chemical structure. Study participants were categorized in diabetogenic groups: Group 1 (HbA1c ≥6.5% or FPG ≥126 mg/dL), Group 2 (HbA1c 5.7% to <6.5% or FPG 100 to <126 mg/dL), and Group 3 (HbA1c <5.7% and FPG <100 mg/dL). We assessed associations between diabetogenic groups and plasma FAs in multivariate multinomial regressions (with Group 3 as the reference). Results Overall, 7.0% of study participants were in Group 1; 33.3% were in Group 2. Plasma concentrations of several individual FAs, including even-chain saturated FAs (SFAs; myristic, palmitic, stearic acids) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs; cis-vaccenic, oleic acids), were respectively associated with greater odds of Groups 1 and 2 status, adjusting for covariates. Higher concentrations of SFA and MUFA subgroups (highest compared with lowest quartile) were associated with increased odds of Group 2 status [SFAs adjusted OR (aOR): 1.51 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.18); MUFAs aOR: 1.78 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.85)]. Higher eicosapentaenoic acid plasma concentration was associated with decreased odds of Group 1 status [quartile 4 aOR: 0.41 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.95)]. Conclusions Higher plasma concentrations of SFAs and MUFAs, primary de novo lipogenesis products, were associated with elevated FPG and HbA1c in a nationally representative study population in the United States. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate potential causal relationships between FAs (from endogenous production and dietary consumption) and diabetogenic indicators, as well as clinical implications for managing diabetes and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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23
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Liu B, Sun Y, Snetselaar LG, Sun Q, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Liu L, Hu FB, Bao W. Association between plasma trans-fatty acid concentrations and diabetes in a nationally representative sample of US adults. J Diabetes 2018; 10:653-664. [PMID: 29446544 PMCID: PMC6093805 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diet high in trans-fatty acids (TFA) induces insulin resistance in rodent models and primates. However, previous epidemiological studies on the association between TFAs, based primarily on self-reported intake from the diet, and diabetes in humans have yielded conflicting results. Herein we examined the associations of objectively measured plasma TFA concentrations with diabetes in a large population-based study among US adults. METHODS We included 3801 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and 2009-10. Four major TFAs, namely palmitelaidic acid (C16:1 n-7t), elaidic acid (C18:1 n-9t), vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7t), and linolelaidic acid (C18:2 n-6t, 9t), were measured in fasting plasma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diabetes was defined by self-reported physician diagnosis, plasma fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. RESULTS After adjustment for other major risk factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of diabetes comparing the highest with lowest quintile of plasma TFAs was 2.19 (1.27-3.79) for total TFAs (Ptrend = 0.01), 2.34 (1.48-3.72) for elaidic acid (Ptrend = 0.0004), 1.33 (0.82-2.15) for linolelaidic acid (Ptrend = 0.18), 1.58 (0.97-2.58) for palmitelaidic acid (Ptrend = 0.02), and 1.64 (0.95-2.84) for vaccenic acid (Ptrend = 0.08). In addition, total TFAs, elaidic acid, palmitelaidic acid, and vaccenic acid were significantly associated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, the insulin resistance index, and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative population, plasma TFAs, in particular elaidic acid, were positively associated with diabetes and biomarkers of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yangbo Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Linda G. Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Quanhe Yang
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Zefeng Zhang
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Djelmis J, Ivaniševic M, Desoye G, van Poppel M, Berberovic E, Soldo D, Oreskovic S. Higher Cord Blood Levels of Fatty Acids in Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2620-2629. [PMID: 29722816 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with a disturbance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE To determine whether T1DM alters maternal and neonatal fatty acid (FA) levels. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Academic hospital. PATIENTS Sixty pregnant women (30 women with T1DM with good glycemic control and 30 healthy women) were included in the study. Maternal blood, umbilical vein, and artery blood samples were collected immediately upon delivery. Following lipid extraction, the FA profiles of the total FA pool of maternal serum and umbilical vein and artery serum were determined by gas chromatography. RESULTS Total FA concentration in maternal serum did not differ between the study groups; it was significantly higher in umbilical vein serum of the T1DM group compared with that in the control group [median (interquartile range)]: T1DM 2126.2 (1446.4 to 3181.3) and control 1073.8 (657.5 to 2226.0; P < 0.001), and in umbilical artery vein serum: T1DM 1805.7 (1393.1 to 2125.0) and control 990.0 (643.3 to 1668.0; P < 0.001). Composition of FAs in umbilical vein serum showed significantly higher concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAs (SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, respectively) in the T1DM group than compared with those in the control group (P = 0.001). Furthermore, cord blood levels of leptin (P < 0.001), C-peptide (P < 0.001), and insulin resistance (P = 0.015) were higher in the T1DM group compared with controls. CONCLUSION The neonates born to mothers with T1DM had higher concentrations of total FAs, SFAs and MUFAs, as well as PUFAs, compared with control newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Djelmis
- Referral Center for Diabetes in Pregnancy, Ministry of Health Republic of Croatia, Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Ivaniševic
- Referral Center for Diabetes in Pregnancy, Ministry of Health Republic of Croatia, Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Edina Berberovic
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Holy Spirit University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Soldo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mostar Clinical Hospital Center, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Slavko Oreskovic
- Referral Center for Diabetes in Pregnancy, Ministry of Health Republic of Croatia, Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Aristizabal JC, González-Zapata LI, Estrada-Restrepo A, Monsalve-Alvarez J, Restrepo-Mesa SL, Gaitán D. Concentrations of Plasma Free Palmitoleic and Dihomo-Gamma Linoleic Fatty Acids Are Higher in Children with Abdominal Obesity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010031. [PMID: 29301242 PMCID: PMC5793259 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with abdominal obesity (AO). However, this association remains controversial in children. This study analyzed plasma FFA concentration in children with and without AO. Twenty-nine children classified with AO were matched by age and sex with 29 non-obese individuals. Blood samples were collected after fasting for 10–12 h. Plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by automatized methods. FFAs were analyzed by gas chromatography. Children with and without AO had similar age (7.1 ± 2.6 vs. 7.2 ± 2.7 years; p > 0.05) but obese children showed higher (p < 0.05) body mass index (BMI) (+4.3 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (+5.1 mmHg), and insulin (+27.8 pmol/L). There were no significant differences in plasma total FFA concentration between groups (1.02 ± 0.61 vs. 0.89 ± 0.37 mmol/L; p > 0.05). However, children with AO had higher palmitoleic acid (0.94 vs. 0.70 wt %; p < 0.05) and dihomo-gamma linoleic acid (DHGL) (2.76 vs. 2.07 wt %; p < 0.05). Palmitoleic and DHGL acids correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI (r = 0.397; r = 0.296, respectively) and with waist circumference (r = 0.380; r = 0.276, respectively). Palmitoleic acid correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.386; p < 0.05) and negatively with HDL-C (−0.572; p < 0.01). In summary, children with AO have higher plasmatic concentrations of free palmitoleic and DHGL fatty acids, which correlate with cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Aristizabal
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050025, Colombia.
| | - Laura I González-Zapata
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050025, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigación en Determinantes Sociales y Económicos de la Salud y la Nutrición, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alejandro Estrada-Restrepo
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050025, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigación en Demografía y Salud, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | | | - Sandra L Restrepo-Mesa
- Grupo de Investigación Alimentación y Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Diego Gaitán
- Grupo de Investigación Alimentación y Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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Abstract
Abdominal pain is one of the key symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Studies have indicated an increase in the incidence of IBS in Asia. However, yet the pathophysiology of this disease remains unknown. Women are more likely to develop the condition than men, especially the constipation-predominant type. Essential fatty acid (EFA) malnutrition is one of several theories discussing the mechanism of IBS.The authors hypothesized that significant EFA deficiency may cause abdominal pain in patients with IBS. However, because patterns in the oral intake of EFAs differ between cultures, the authors narrowed this study to examine the nutritional status of Asian female patients with IBSThe authors investigated Asian female patients with IBS and compared them with a group of healthy controls. Thirty patients with IBS and 39 healthy individuals were included in this study. The participants' age, height, weight, and waist size were recorded. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was documented. Both erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid content were analyzed through gas-liquid chromatography.The authors found that patients with IBS exhibited significantly higher scores for depression, higher proportions of plasma saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, and lower proportions of docosahexaenoic acid and total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma are associated with IBS in Asian female patients. Further study is indicated to confirm the causality of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian Sem Chua
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Western Medicine Division, Hospital Lam Wah Ee, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University
| | - Chiao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Transportation and Logistics Management, National Chiao Tung University
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University
| | - Chien-Yeh Hsu
- Department of Information Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University
| | - Hung-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Markey O, Vasilopoulou D, Kliem KE, Koulman A, Fagan CC, Summerhill K, Wang LY, Grandison AS, Humphries DJ, Todd S, Jackson KG, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile confirms compliance to a novel saturated fat-reduced, monounsaturated fat-enriched dairy product intervention in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2017; 16:33. [PMID: 28535777 PMCID: PMC5442645 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy products are a major contributor to dietary SFA. Partial replacement of milk SFA with unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) is possible through oleic-acid rich supplementation of the dairy cow diet. To assess adherence to the intervention of SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched dairy product consumption in the RESET (REplacement of SaturatEd fat in dairy on Total cholesterol) study using 4-d weighed dietary records, in addition to plasma phospholipid FA (PL-FA) status. METHODS In a randomised, controlled, crossover design, free-living UK participants identified as moderate risk for CVD (n = 54) were required to replace habitually consumed dairy foods (milk, cheese and butter), with study products with a FA profile typical of retail products (control) or SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched profile (modified), for two 12-week periods, separated by an 8-week washout period. A flexible food-exchange model was used to implement each isoenergetic high-fat, high-dairy diet (38% of total energy intake (%TE) total fat): control (dietary target: 19%TE SFA; 11%TE MUFA) and modified (16%TE SFA; 14%TE MUFA). RESULTS Following the modified diet, there was a smaller increase in SFA (17.2%TE vs. 19.1%TE; p < 0.001) and greater increase in MUFA intake (15.4%TE vs. 11.8%TE; p < 0.0001) when compared with the control. PL-FA analysis revealed lower total SFAs (p = 0.006), higher total cis-MUFAs and trans-MUFAs (both p < 0.0001) following the modified diet. CONCLUSION The food-exchange model was successfully used to achieve RESET dietary targets by partial replacement of SFAs with MUFAs in dairy products, a finding reflected in the PL-FA profile and indicative of objective dietary compliance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02089035 , date 05-01-2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oonagh Markey
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
- Present address: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
| | - Dafni Vasilopoulou
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - Kirsty E. Kliem
- Animal, Dairy and Food Chain Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
- NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Colette C. Fagan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - Keith Summerhill
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Laura Y. Wang
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Alistair S. Grandison
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - David J. Humphries
- Animal, Dairy and Food Chain Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - Susan Todd
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AX UK
| | - Kim G. Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - David I. Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR UK
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR UK
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28
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Chavan BB, Kalariya PD, Nimbalkar RD, Garg P, Srinivas R, Kumar Talluri MVN. Identification and characterization of fluvastatin metabolites in rats by UHPLC/Q-TOF/MS/MS and in silico toxicological screening of the metabolites. J Mass Spectrom 2017; 52:296-314. [PMID: 28295913 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the in vivo and in vitro identification and characterization of metabolites of fluvastatin, the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In vitro studies were conducted by incubating the drug with human liver microsomes and rat liver microsomes. In vivo studies were carried out by administration of the drug in the form of suspension to the Sprague-Dawley rats followed by collection of urine, faeces and blood at different time points up to 24 h. Further, samples were prepared by optimized sample preparation method, which includes freeze liquid extraction, protein precipitation and solid phase extraction. The extracted and concentrated samples were analysed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 15 metabolites were observed in urine, which includes hydroxyl, sulphated, desisopropyl, dehydrogenated, dehydroxylated and glucuronide metabolites. A few of the metabolites were also present in faeces and plasma samples. In in vitro studies, a few metabolites were observed that were also present in in vivo samples. All the metabolites were characterized using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry in combination with accurate mass measurement. Finally, in silico toxicity studies indicated that some of the metabolites show or possess carcinogenicity and skin sensitization. Several metabolites that were identified in rats are proposed to have toxicological significance on the basis of in silico evaluation. However, these metabolites are of no human relevance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasaheb B Chavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Pradipbhai D Kalariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Rakesh D Nimbalkar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - R Srinivas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500607, India
| | - M V N Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
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Harris C, Buyken A, Koletzko S, von Berg A, Berdel D, Schikowski T, Koletzko B, Heinrich J, Standl M. Dietary Fatty Acids and Changes in Blood Lipids during Adolescence: The Role of Substituting Nutrient Intakes. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020127. [PMID: 28208667 PMCID: PMC5331558 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of dietary fatty acids (FA) for blood lipids should be assessed in the context of substituting nutrients. Such evidence is lacking for adolescents. This study describes prospective associations of dietary FA with changes in serum lipids during adolescence, and considers the theoretical isocaloric replacements of saturated FA (SFA) with other FA or carbohydrates (CHO). Children from the GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts, with data on FA intakes (at age 10 years) and serum lipids (at age 10 and 15 years), were included (n = 1398). Associations of SFA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) and n-6 PUFA, with changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TAG), and total cholesterol to HDL ratio (TOTAL:HDL), were assessed by linear regression. Substitution models assessed isocaloric replacements of SFA with MUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA or CHO. Higher SFA intakes were associated with decreasing TAG. No associations were observed for fatty acid intakes with LDL, HDL or TOTAL:HDL. In females, replacing SFA with CHO was associated with increasing LDL, TAG and TOTAL:HDL. Our findings confirm observations in adults, although sex-specific determinants seem relevant in our adolescent population. Overlooking the nutrient context when limiting SFA intakes might have detrimental consequences appreciable as early as adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Harris
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Anette Buyken
- DONALD Study, IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany.
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany.
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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30
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Ogundipe E, Johnson MR, Wang Y, Crawford MA. Peri-conception maternal lipid profiles predict pregnancy outcomes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:35-43. [PMID: 27926462 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, healthy women and those at high-risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes) were selected to assess the effect of fatty acid supplementation. The purpose of this paper is to report two novel findings (i) at recruitment the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for erythrocyte oleic acid predicted spontaneous delivery at 34 weeks gestation (ROC=0.926 n=296) for all women entering the study. Further analysis revealed oleic and all monounsaturated fatty acids were similarly predictive with or without a supplement during the pregnancy. (ii) At delivery, we observed a biomagnification of saturated fatty acids from mother to fetus with the reverse for monounsaturates. The major conclusions are (i) the status of the mother in the months prior to conception is a stronger predictor of preterm delivery than the events during the pregnancy. (ii) Saturated fats may be playing an important function in supporting fetal membrane growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enitan Ogundipe
- Neonatal unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, Division of Medicine, Imperial college, London, UK
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Michael A Crawford
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
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31
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Fenton JI, Gurzell EA, Davidson EA, Harris WS. Red blood cell PUFAs reflect the phospholipid PUFA composition of major organs. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 112:12-23. [PMID: 27637336 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous clinical trials examining the use of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) on various health outcomes have been conducted, and fish oil remains one of the most widely used nutritional supplements. More recently, studies have begun to utilize the omega-3 index, defined as the sum of EPA+DHA in red blood cells (RBCs), as both a biomarker of n-3 LCPUFA exposure and a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Considerably less research evaluates whether RBC phospholipid fatty acids reflect the phospholipid fatty acid composition of other tissues across increasing intakes of n-3 LCPUFAs. We fed mice diets containing increasing amounts of EPA+DHA, equivalent to current recommendations by the American Heart Association on a percent of energy basis, and analyzed the phospholipid fatty acid composition of various tissues in relation to RBCs. We observed that RBCs, heart, muscle, spleen, lung, and adipose tissues all respond to dietary supplementation with EPA+DHA with increasing n-3 LCPUFA and decreasing n-6 LCPUFA levels. Furthermore, the n-3 LCPUFA profiles of all measured tissues had strong (r>0.7) and significant (p<0.001) correlations to RBCs. Interestingly, we also observed changes in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels across various tissues in response to increased EPA+DHA intakes despite there being no change in dietary SFA and MUFA. Specifically, there were increases in RBC SFA and spleen MUFA and decreases in heart MUFA. These demonstrate that the RBC, including the omega-3 index, may serve as a marker for the relative levels of n-3 and n-6 LCPUFAs in phospholipids of certain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, United States; College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| | - Eric A Gurzell
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Emily A Davidson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, United States
| | - William S Harris
- Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, and OmegaQuant, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
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32
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Yazdani A, Yazdani A, Boerwinkle E. A Causal Network Analysis of the Fatty Acid Metabolome in African-Americans Reveals a Critical Role for Palmitoleate and Margarate. OMICS 2016; 20:480-4. [PMID: 27501297 PMCID: PMC4982951 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are important sources of energy and possible predictors and etiologic factors in many common complex pathologies such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain forms of cancers. While fatty acids are thought to covary with each other, their underlying causal networks have not been fully elucidated. This study reports the identification and analysis of a statistical causal network among 15 mostly long-chain fatty acids. In an African-American population sample and using the Genome granularity-Directed Acyclic Graph (GDAG) algorithm, we determined directions or causal relationships in the fatty acid metabolome. A directed causal network was constructed that revealed 29 significant edges among the 15 nodes (p < 0.001). We report that two fatty acid metabolites, palmitoleate and margarate, which originate from dietary intake, together influence every other fatty acid in the network. On the other hand, despite its high connectivity, dihomo-linoleate did not appear to play an important role over the whole fatty acid network. These findings collectively suggest possible strategic entry points for new treatments or preventive modalities against diseases affected by fatty acid metabolites such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Further studies examining the embedded substructure of the fatty acid metabolite networks in independent population samples would be timely and warranted as we move toward novel postgenomic diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Yazdani
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Akram Yazdani
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
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33
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O'Connor MG, Seegmiller A. The effects of ivacaftor on CF fatty acid metabolism: An analysis from the GOAL study. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 16:132-138. [PMID: 27473897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ivacaftor has produced significant improvement in certain individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), though the full metabolic effects of treatment remain unknown. Abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism have previously been shown to be a characteristic of CFTR dysfunction. We hypothesized that as a reflection of this clinical improvement, ivacaftor would improve plasma fatty acid levels and decrease urine prostaglandin E metabolite levels. METHODS This study analyzed plasma fatty acid levels and urine prostaglandin E metabolites (PGE-M) in 40 subjects with CF participating in the G551D observational (GOAL) study who demonstrated response to the medication by a significant decrease in sweat Cl levels. Paired samples were analyzed before and after 6months of ivacaftor treatment. RESULTS Linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels, which are typically low in individuals with CF, did not significantly increase with ivacaftor treatment. However, arachidonic acid levels did decrease with ivacaftor treatment and there was a significant decrease in the arachidonic acid metabolite PGE-M as measured in the urine [median: before treatment 17.03ng/mg Cr; after treatment 9.06ng/mg Cr; p<0.001]. Furthermore, there were fatty acid age differences observed, including pediatric participants having significantly greater linoleic acid levels at baseline. CONCLUSION Ivacaftor reduces inflammatory PGE without fully correcting the plasma fatty acid abnormalities of CF. Age-related differences in fatty acid levels were observed, that may be a result of other clinical factors, such as diet, clinical care, or drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Glenn O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Pulmonary, Allergy, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Adam Seegmiller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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Zeman M, Macášek J, Burda M, Tvrzická E, Vecka M, Krechler T, Staňková B, Hrabák P, Žák A. Chronic pancreatitis and the composition of plasma phosphatidylcholine fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 108:38-44. [PMID: 27154363 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an irreversible inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of both exocrine and endocrine tissue. There is growing evidence that dysregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is connected with many diseases; however, there are few data concerning FA composition in CP. Therefore, we analyzed FA profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholines in 96 patients with CP and in 108 control subjects (CON). The patients with CP had, in comparison with CON, increased sum of monounsaturated FA (ΣMUFA) and decreased content of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in both n-6 and n-3 families. Moreover, CP patients had increased indexes for delta-9, delta-6 desaturases, and fall in activity of delta-5 desaturase. Increased ratio of 16:1n-7/18:2n-6 (marker of essential n-6 FA deficiency), was more prevalent among CP patients. These changes implicated decreased fat intake, including n-3 as well as n-6 PUFA, and intrinsic changes in FA metabolism due to the alteration of delta desaturase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Zeman
- Fourth Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Macášek
- Fourth Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Burda
- Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, CE IT4Innovations, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tvrzická
- Fourth Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- Fourth Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Krechler
- Fourth Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Staňková
- Fourth Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hrabák
- Fourth Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Žák
- Fourth Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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35
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Strandvik B, Ntoumani E, Lundqvist-Persson C, Sabel KG. Long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids associate with development of premature infants up to 18 months of age. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 107:43-9. [PMID: 26858144 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Myelination is important perinatally and highly dependent on long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, nowadays often supplemented, inhibit oleic acid synthesis. Using data from a premature cohort, we studied if nervonic, lignoceric and oleic acids correlated to growth and early development up to 18 months corrected age. Small for gestational age infants had lower concentrations than infants appropriate for gestational age. Only oleic acid was negatively correlated to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic and lignoceric acids correlated to social interaction at one month, and nervonic acid to mental, psychomotor and behavioral development at 6, 10 and 18 months, also when adjusted for several confounders. Negative association between oleic acid and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids suggests inhibition of delta-9 desaturase, and nervonic acid´s divergent correlation to lignoceric and oleic acids suggests different metabolism in neonatal period. Our results may have implications for the supplementation of premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Strandvik
- Dept. of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Hälsovägen 7-9, 14183 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eleni Ntoumani
- Dept. of Neonatology, Borås Children׳s Hospital, South Älvsborg׳s Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | - Cristina Lundqvist-Persson
- Skaraborg Institute for Research and Development, Skövde, Sweden; Dept. of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl-Göran Sabel
- Dept. of Neonatology, Borås Children׳s Hospital, South Älvsborg׳s Hospital, Borås, Sweden
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36
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Merino J, Sala-Vila A, Plana N, Girona J, Vallve JC, Ibarretxe D, Ros E, Ferré R, Heras M, Masana L. Serum palmitoleate acts as a lipokine in subjects at high cardiometabolic risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:261-267. [PMID: 26817937 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Clinical data on the role as a lipokine of de novo lipogenesis-derived palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7cis) in serum non-esterified fatty acids (palmitoleate) are scarce. We aimed to assess whether palmitoleate relates to cardiometabolic risk. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study we included 358 individuals aged 30-65-years at high cardiovascular risk. We tested the association of palmitoleate (determined by gas chromatography) with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components (defined by ATPIII criteria), fatty liver index (a surrogate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]), and subclinical atherosclerosis (determined as ultrasound-measured carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness). Palmitoleate concentration was higher in women compared with men (median ± range interquartile, 1.36 ± 0.96 vs. 0.97 ± 0.77 μmol/L respectively, P < 0.001). In both genders palmitoleate concentration was associated with a higher prevalence of MS: men, odds ratio [OR: 1.12 (95%CI: 1.03; 1.23, P = 0.010)]; women [OR: 1.07 (95%CI: 1.03; 1.13, P = 0.005)], and all of its components except low HDL-cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia. Palmitoleate was also associated with increased risk of NAFLD in both men [OR: 1.12 (95%CI: 1.03; 1.29, P = 0.031)] and women [OR: 1.11 (95%CI: 1.05; 1.19, P = 0.001)]. No associations with subclinical atherosclerosis were detected. CONCLUSIONS Our observational data supports a relationship between de novo lipogenesis-derived circulating palmitoleic acid (palmitoleate) and increased cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Merino
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - N Plana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J C Vallve
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - R Ferré
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Heras
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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Devaud JC, Berger MM, Pannatier A, Sadeghipour F, Voirol P. Does the type of parenteral lipids matter? A clinical hint in critical illness. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:491-496. [PMID: 26829880 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS An altered lipid profile is common among intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but evidence regarding the impact of different fatty acid (FA) emulsions administered to patients requiring parenteral nutrition (PN) is scarce. This study aimed to compare the plasma triglycerides (TG) response to two types of commercial lipid emulsions: a structured mixture of long- and medium-chain triglycerides (LCT/MCT) or LCTs with n-9 FA (LCT+) in ICU patients. METHODS In this retrospective observational study conducted in a multidisciplinary ICU: two groups were defined by the type of emulsion used. Inclusion criteria were: consecutive patients on PN staying ≥4 days with one TG determination before commencing PN and at least one during PN. Recorded variables included energy intake, amount and type of nutritional lipids, propofol dose, glucose and protein intake, laboratory parameters, and all drugs received. Hypertriglyceridemia (hyperTG) was defined as TG >2 mmol/L. RESULTS The dynamic impact of the emulsion was analyzed in 187/757 patients completing the inclusion criteria (112 LCT/MCT and 75 LCT+). The demographic variables, severity indices, diagnostic categories, and outcomes did not differ between the two groups. Seventy-seven patients (41%) presented hyperTG. Both groups received similar daily energy (1604 versus 1511 kcal/day), lipids (60 versus 61 g/day), and glucose intake (233 versus 197 g/day). There was no increase of TG concentration in those receiving the LCT/MCT emulsion compared to those receiving the LCT+ emulsion (0 and 0.2 mmol/L, respectively, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION LCT/MCT emulsions are associated with a less pronounced increase of plasma TG levels than LCT+ emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Devaud
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - M M Berger
- Service of Adult Intensive Care Medicine & Burns, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - A Pannatier
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Sadeghipour
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Voirol
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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38
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Pickens CA, Sordillo LM, Comstock SS, Harris WS, Hortos K, Kovan B, Fenton JI. Plasma phospholipids, non-esterified plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxylipids are associated with BMI. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 95:31-40. [PMID: 25559239 PMCID: PMC4361296 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The obese lipid profile is associated with increased free fatty acids and triacylglycerides. Currently, little is known about the plasma lipid species associated with obesity. In this study, we compared plasma lipid fatty acid (FA) profiles as a function of BMI. Profiling phospholipid (PL) FAs and their respective oxylipids could predict which obese individuals are more likely to suffer from diseases associated with chronic inflammation or oxidative stress. We investigated the relationship between BMI and plasma PL (PPL) FA composition in 126 men using a quantitative gas chromatography analysis. BMI was inversely associated with both PPL nervonic and linoleic acid (LA) but was positively associated with both dihomo-γ-linolenic and palmitoleic acid. Compared to lean individuals, obese participants were more likely to have ω-6 FAs, except arachidonic acid and LA, incorporated into PPLs. Obese participants were less likely to have EPA and DHA incorporated into PPLs compared to lean participants. Non-esterified plasma PUFA and oxylipid analysis showed ω-6 oxylipids were more abundant in the obese plasma pool. These ω-6 oxylipids are associated with increased angiogenesis (i.e. epoxyeicosatrienoates), reactive oxygen species (i.e. 9-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate), and inflammation resolution (i.e. Lipoxin A4). In summary, BMI is directly associated with specific PPL FA and increased ω-6 oxylipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - William S Harris
- Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Kari Hortos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bruce Kovan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Tri-County Gastroenterology Professional Corporation, Clinton Tri-County Gastroenterology Professional Corporation, MI, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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39
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Pereira S, Breen DM, Naassan AE, Wang PYT, Uchino H, Fantus IG, Carpentier AC, Gutierrez-Juarez R, Brindley DN, Lam TKT, Giacca A. In vivo effects of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fatty acids on hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Metabolism 2015; 64:315-22. [PMID: 25467844 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Free fatty acids (FFAs) cause insulin resistance and are often elevated in obesity. Chronic ingestion of diets rich in saturated fat induces more insulin resistance than diets rich in unsaturated fat, however, it remains unclear whether different FFAs cause distinct levels of insulin resistance in the short-term, which is relevant to the feeding and fasting cycle. Protein kinase C (PKC)-δ is implicated in hepatic insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated the effects of short-term elevation of fatty acids with different degrees of unsaturation on hepatic insulin action and liver PKC-δ membrane translocation, a marker of activation. MATERIALS/METHODS Triglyceride emulsions of Soybean Oil+Heparin (polyunsaturated (POLY)), Olive Oil+Heparin (monounsaturated (MONO)), Lard Oil+Heparin (saturated (SATU)), or saline (SAL) were infused intravenously for 7h to elevate plasma FFA concentrations ~3-4 fold in rats. During the last 2h of infusion, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with tritiated glucose methodology was performed to examine hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Surprisingly, SATU, MONO, and POLY impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose utilization divided by insulin) to a similar extent. Furthermore, all lipids induced a similar degree of hepatic insulin resistance compared to SAL. Although there were changes in hepatic content of lipid metabolites, there were no significant differences in liver PKC-δ membrane translocation across fat groups. CONCLUSIONS In summary, in the short-term, FFAs with different degrees of unsaturation impair peripheral insulin sensitivity and induce hepatic insulin resistance as well as hepatic PKC-δ translocation to the same extent.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Membrane/enzymology
- Dietary Fats/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fats/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats/analysis
- Dietary Fats/metabolism
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/analysis
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation
- Fat Emulsions, Intravenous
- Fatty Acids/adverse effects
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Fatty Acids/blood
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/adverse effects
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/analysis
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/blood
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/adverse effects
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/analysis
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/blood
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism
- Female
- Glucose Clamp Technique
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/metabolism
- Olive Oil
- Plant Oils/administration & dosage
- Plant Oils/adverse effects
- Plant Oils/chemistry
- Plant Oils/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C-delta/chemistry
- Protein Kinase C-delta/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- Rats, Wistar
- Soybean Oil/administration & dosage
- Soybean Oil/adverse effects
- Soybean Oil/chemistry
- Soybean Oil/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pereira
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Danna M Breen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Anthony E Naassan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Penny Y T Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Hiroshi Uchino
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - I George Fantus
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12(e) Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Roger Gutierrez-Juarez
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, 357 Heritage Medical Research Center, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Maciejewska D, Drozd A, Ossowski P, Ryterska K, Jamioł-Milc D, Banaszczak M, Raszeja-Wyszomirska J, Kaczorowska M, Sabinicz A, Stachowska E. Fatty acid changes help to better understand regression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:301-310. [PMID: 25574105 PMCID: PMC4284349 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i1.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether liver steatosis reduction due to a six-month dietary intervention results in significant changes in the concentrations of fatty acids.
METHODS: A group of 35 Caucasian individuals diagnosed with different levels of steatosis were prospectively enrolled in the present study. Analysis of the fatty acid profiles was performed according to changes in liver steatosis (liver steatosis reduction by one or two degrees) after a six-month dietary intervention. The diet helped reduce body mass in obese and overweight patients, and stabilize both glycemia and dyslipidemia. Fatty acids were extracted according to the Folch method and analyzed by gas chromatography.
RESULTS: This study showed significant changes in fatty acid profiles in patients who had reduced liver steatosis by one as well as two degrees. A reduction in liver steatosis by one degree caused a significant increase in the level of the n-3 family: eicosapentaenoic acid (P < 0.055), docosapentaenoic acid-C 22:5 (P < 0.05) and docosahexaenoic acid (P < 0.05). A reduction in liver steatosis by two degrees caused a significant decrease in serum palmitoleic acid-C 16:1 (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Liver steatosis reduction is associated with changes in fatty acid profiles, and these changes may reflect an alteration in fatty acid synthesis and metabolism. These findings may help better understand regression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Onopchenko OV, Kosiakova GV, Klimashevsky VM, Hula NM. The effect of N-stearoylethanolamine on plasma lipid composition in rats with experimental insulin resistance. Ukr Biochem J 2015; 87:46-54. [PMID: 26036130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A model of insulin resistance (IR), induced by prolonged high fat diet with high content of saturated fats was used to investigate the effect of N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) on the composition of free fatty acids (FFA), plasma lipoprotein spectrum and content of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα in rats. The results of this work showed a rise in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (18:1 n-9) and a reduction in the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:4 n-6) in plasma of rats with experimental IR. These findings are accompanied by the increased TNFα production and significant changes in plasma lipoprotein profile of rats with the fat overload. Particularly, a decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and increased low-density (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol level were detected. The NSE administration to obese rats with IR restored the content of mono- and polyunsaturated FFA, increased HDL cholesterol content and reduced LDL cholesterol level. In addition, the IR rats treated with NSE showed normalization in the serum TNFα level. Our results showed the restoration of plasma lipid profile under NSE administration in rats with obesity-induced IR. Considering the fact that plasma lipid composition displays the lipid metabolism in general, the NSE actions may play a significant role in the prevention of IR-associated complications.
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Roy S, Dhobale M, Dangat K, Mehendale S, Wagh G, Lalwani S, Joshi S. Differential levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in women with preeclampsia delivering male and female babies. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:227-32. [PMID: 25172358 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Maternal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) play a key role in fetal growth and development. This study for the first time examines the maternal and cord LCPUFA levels in preeclamptic mothers delivering male and female infants. In this study 122 normotensive control pregnant women (gestation≥37 weeks) and 90 women with preeclampsia were recruited. Results indicate lower maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels (p<0.05) in women with preeclampsia delivering male babies as compared to normotensive control women delivering male babies. Similarly, cord nervonic acid levels were lower (p<0.01) in women with preeclampsia delivering male babies as compared to normotensive control group. However, cord nervonic acid levels were comparable in women with preeclampsia and normotensive control women delivering female babies. This data suggests that male babies born to mothers with preeclampsia may be at an increased risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders as compared to female babies. Future studies need to follow up both male and female children born to mothers with preeclampsia since altered levels of LCPUFA at birth may have differential implications for the growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Roy
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs; Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Madhavi Dhobale
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs; Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Kamini Dangat
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs; Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Savita Mehendale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Girija Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Paediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs; Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India.
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Nishi S, Kendall CWC, Gascoyne AM, Bazinet RP, Bashyam B, Lapsley KG, Augustin LSA, Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins DJA. Effect of almond consumption on the serum fatty acid profile: a dose-response study. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1137-46. [PMID: 25138064 PMCID: PMC4189119 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of almonds has been shown to be associated with a decreased risk of CHD, which may be related to their fatty acid (FA) composition. However, the effect of almond consumption on the serum FA composition is not known. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether almond consumption would alter the serum FA profile and risk of CHD, as calculated using Framingham's 10-year risk score, in a dose-dependent manner in hyperlipidaemic individuals when compared with a higher-carbohydrate control group using dietary interventions incorporating almonds. A total of twenty-seven hyperlipidaemic individuals consumed three isoenergetic (mean 1770 kJ/d) supplements during three 1-month dietary phases: (1) full-dose almonds (50-100 g/d); (2) half-dose almonds with half-dose muffins; (3) full-dose muffins. Fasting blood samples were obtained at weeks 0 and 4 for the determination of FA concentrations. Almond intake (g/d) was found to be inversely associated with the estimated Framingham 10-year CHD risk score (P= 0·026). In both the half-dose and full-dose almond groups, the proportions of oleic acid (OA) and MUFA in the TAG fraction (half-almond: OA P= 0·003; MUFA P= 0·004; full-almond: OA P< 0·001; MUFA P< 0·001) and in the NEFA fraction (half-almond: OA P= 0·01; MUFA P= 0·04; full-almond: OA P= 0·12; MUFA P= 0·06) increased. The estimated Framingham 10-year CHD risk score was inversely associated with the percentage change of OA (P= 0·011) and MUFA (P= 0·016) content in the TAG fraction. The proportions of MUFA in the TAG and NEFA fractions were positively associated with changes in HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Similarly, the estimated Framingham 10-year CHD risk score was inversely associated with the percentage change of OA (P= 0·069) and MUFA content in the NEFA fraction (P= 0·009). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that almond consumption increases OA and MUFA content in serum TAG and NEFA fractions, which are inversely associated with CHD lipid risk factors and overall estimated 10-year CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nishi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3E2
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3E2
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ana-Maria Gascoyne
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3E2
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P. Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3E2
| | - Balachandran Bashyam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3E2
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Livia S. A. Augustin
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3E2
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3E2
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Peake JM, Tan SJ, Markworth JF, Broadbent JA, Skinner TL, Cameron-Smith D. Metabolic and hormonal responses to isoenergetic high-intensity interval exercise and continuous moderate-intensity exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E539-52. [PMID: 25096178 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00276.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. work-matched moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MOD) on metabolism and counterregulatory stress hormones. In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 10 well-trained male cyclists and triathletes completed a HIIT session [81.6 ± 3.7% maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max); 72.0 ± 3.2% peak power output; 792 ± 95 kJ] and a MOD session (66.7 ± 3.5% V̇o2 max; 48.5 ± 3.1% peak power output; 797 ± 95 kJ). Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1 and 2 h postexercise. Carbohydrate oxidation was higher (P = 0.037; 20%), whereas fat oxidation was lower (P = 0.037; -47%) during HIIT vs. MOD. Immediately after exercise, plasma glucose (P = 0.024; 20%) and lactate (P < 0.01; 5.4×) were higher in HIIT vs. MOD, whereas total serum free fatty acid concentration was not significantly different (P = 0.33). Targeted gas chromatography-mass spectromtery metabolomics analysis identified and quantified 49 metabolites in plasma, among which 11 changed after both HIIT and MOD, 13 changed only after HIIT, and 5 changed only after MOD. Notable changes included substantial increases in tricarboxylic acid intermediates and monounsaturated fatty acids after HIIT and marked decreases in amino acids during recovery from both trials. Plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (P = 0.019), cortisol (P < 0.01), and growth hormone (P < 0.01) were all higher immediately after HIIT. Plasma norepinephrine (P = 0.11) and interleukin-6 (P = 0.20) immediately after exercise were not significantly different between trials. Plasma insulin decreased during recovery from both HIIT and MOD (P < 0.01). These data indicate distinct differences in specific metabolites and counterregulatory hormones following HIIT vs. MOD and highlight the value of targeted metabolomic analysis to provide more detailed insights into the metabolic demands of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia;
| | - Sok Joo Tan
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and
| | | | - James A Broadbent
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and
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Cho JS, Baek SH, Kim JY, Lee JH, Kim OY. Serum phospholipid monounsaturated fatty acid composition and Δ-9-desaturase activity are associated with early alteration of fasting glycemic status. Nutr Res 2014; 34:733-41. [PMID: 25236425 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Because alterations in blood fatty acid (FA) composition by dietary lipids are associated with insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that serum phospholipid FA composition would reflect the early alteration of fasting glycemic status, even in people without metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine this hypothesis, serum phospholipid FA, desaturase activities, fasting glycemic status, and cardiometabolic parameters were measured in study participants (n = 1022; 30-69 years; male, n = 527; female, n = 495; nondiabetics without disease) who were stratified into normal fasting glucose (NFG) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) groups. Total monounsaturated FA (MUFA), oleic acid (OA; 18:1n-9), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3n-6), Δ-9-desaturase activity (D9D; 18:1n-9/18:0), and DGLA/linoleic acid (20:3n-6/18:2n-6) in serum phospholipids were significantly higher in IFG subjects than NFG controls. Study subjects were subdivided into 4 groups, based on fasting glucose levels and MetS status. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) was highest in IFG-MetS and lowest in NFG-non-MetS subjects. Oleic acid and D9D were higher in IFG-MetS than in the other 3 groups. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and DGLA/linoleic acid were higher in MetS than in non-MetS, regardless of fasting glucose levels. The high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins (hs-CRPs) and 8-epi-prostaglandin-F2α were higher in IFG than in NFG, regardless of MetS status. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins were higher in IFG-MetS than in the other 3 groups. Total MUFAs, OA, and D9D were positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting glucose, triglyceride, hs-CRP, and 8-epi-prostaglandin-F2α. Palmitoleic acid was positively correlated with triglyceride and hs-CRP. Lastly, total MUFA, OA, palmitoleic acid, and D9D were associated with early alteration of fasting glycemic status, therefore suggesting that these may be useful markers for predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sun Cho
- Interdisciplinary course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han Baek
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- School of Culinary Nutrition, Woosong University, Daejun, 300-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Interdisciplinary course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea.
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Nishi SK, Kendall CWC, Bazinet RP, Bashyam B, Ireland CA, Augustin LSA, Blanco Mejia S, Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins DJA. Nut consumption, serum fatty acid profile and estimated coronary heart disease risk in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:845-852. [PMID: 24925120 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nut consumption has been associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes which has been largely attributed to their healthy fatty acid profile, yet this has not been ascertained. Therefore, we investigated the effect of nut consumption on serum fatty acid concentrations and how these relate to changes in markers of glycemic control and calculated CHD risk score in type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS 117 subjects with type 2 diabetes consumed one of three iso-energetic (mean 475 kcal/d) supplements for 12 weeks: 1. full-dose nuts (50-100 g/d); 2. half-dose nuts with half-dose muffins; and 3. full-dose muffins. In this secondary analysis, fatty acid concentrations in the phospholipid, triacylglycerol, free fatty acid, and cholesteryl ester fractions from fasting blood samples obtained at baseline and week 12 were analyzed using thin layer and gas chromatography. Full-dose nut supplementation significantly increased serum oleic acid (OA) and MUFAs compared to the control in the phospholipid fraction (OA: P = 0.036; MUFAs: P = 0.024). Inverse associations were found with changes in CHD risk versus changes in OA and MUFAs in the triacylglycerol (r = -0.256, P = 0.011; r = -0.228, P = 0.024, respectively) and phospholipid (r = -0.278, P = 0.006; r = -0.260, P = 0.010, respectively) fractions. In the cholesteryl ester fraction, change in MUFAs was inversely associated with markers of glycemic control (HbA1c: r = -0.250, P = 0.013; fasting blood glucose: r = -0.395, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Nut consumption increased OA and MUFA content of the serum phospholipid fraction, which was inversely associated with CHD risk factors and 10-year CHD risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REG NO NCT00410722, clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Nishi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C W C Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - R P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Bashyam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C A Ireland
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L S A Augustin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - D J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Chen ZJ, Wang XD, Zhou LM, Fang ZY, Wang HS, Li JL, Zhou JQ, Huang HB, Huang M. [Effects of carbamazepine on plasma concentrations of valproic acid and its toxic metabolite in epileptic patients]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2014; 49:530-534. [PMID: 24974473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) on the plasma concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) and its toxic metabolite 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-ene VPA) in epileptic patients, the plasma concentrations of VPA and 4-ene VPA were determined, and the effect of CBZ on pharmacokinetics of VPA was evaluated. All patients had been divided into two groups (VPA group, n = 87; and VPA+CBZ group, n = 19). As compared to VPA group, the combination of CBZ significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the trough concentration of VPA [VPA group, (69.5 +/- 28.8) microg x mL(-1); VPA+CBZ group, (46.3 +/- 25.6) microg x mL(-1)] and does-adjusted VPA trough concentration [VPA group, (4.89 +/- 2.21) microg x mL(-1) x mg(-1) x kg(-1); VPA+CBZ group, (3.14 +/- 1.74) microg x mL(-1) x mg(-1) x kg(-1)]. However, the addition of CBZ did not influence the concentration of 4-ene VPA. The present study revealed that coadministration of CBZ can reduce VPA plasma concentration and may impact VPA clinical effect, therefore therapeutic drug mornitoring of VPA should be used when combined use of CBZ and VPA.
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Tan SY, Mattes RD. Appetitive, dietary and health effects of almonds consumed with meals or as snacks: a randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1205-14. [PMID: 24084509 PMCID: PMC3898316 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Snacks contribute toward a significant proportion of human total daily energy intake. This study investigated the effects of almonds, a satiating and nutrient-rich, common snack, on postprandial glycemia, appetite, short-term body weight and fasting blood parameters when consumed with meals or alone as a snack. METHODS This was a 4-week randomized, parallel-arm study that entailed consuming almonds (43 g/day) with breakfast (BF) or lunch (LN), alone as a morning (MS) or afternoon (AS) snack or no almonds (CL). Participants (N=137) with increased risk for type 2 diabetes completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and acute-feeding session at baseline, followed by almond consumption for 4 weeks before repeating the OGTT and acute-feeding trials. Anthropometric, biochemical and appetite responses were assessed. RESULTS Almonds lowered serum glucose responses postprandially. Effects were most prominent in the snack groups. Almonds, consumed as snacks, also reduced hunger and desire to eat during the acute-feeding session. After 4 weeks, anthropometric measurements and fasting blood biochemistries did not differ from the control group or across intervention groups. Without specific guidance, daily energy intake was reduced to compensate for energy from the provided almonds. Dietary monounsaturated fat and α-tocopherol intakes were significantly increased in all almond groups. CONCLUSION Almonds provide post-ingestive metabolic and appetitive benefits and did not increase the risk for weight gain. This suggests that almonds may be a healthful snack option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R D Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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49
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Liu N, Shi Y, Xu L, Li W, Cai Y. Occupational exposure to synthetic musks in barbershops, compared with the common exposure in the dormitories and households. Chemosphere 2013; 93:1804-1810. [PMID: 23849834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musks (SMs) have been widely used as fragrance ingredients in personal care and sanitary commodities. Due to their high volatility and particle-binding affinity, the indoor dust is a major reservoir of SMs, and dust ingestion could be an important exposure way to special populations, such as hairdressers. In spite of the known toxicity of SMs, there is no information regarding the occurrence of SMs in barbershop dusts and the exposure of hairdressers through indoor dust ingestion. In the present study, the levels of two nitro musks and five polycyclic musks were measured from indoor dust samples collected from barbershops, and some other indoor dust samples were also collected from dormitories, bathhouses and households for comparison. The concentrations of ∑SMs in barbershop dusts were 10-100 times higher than those from the other three indoor microenvironments. Polycyclic musks accounted for 89.4% of ∑SMs on average in all samples, of which two compounds, HHCB and AHTN jointly dominated 97.9% of polycyclic musks. The levels of HHCB and AHTN varied from 12.2 to 8.39×10(5) and from 13.2 to 3.49×10(5) ng g(-1), respectively. The daily intakes (DIs) of ∑SMs through house dust ingestion were estimated using the model of high dust ingestion and worst-case exposure (P95), and the corresponding exposure rates were 2791, 135 and 727 ng d(-1) for the hairdressers, general population and toddlers. SMs were also detected in blood samples collected from the hairdressers and normal adults (n=50 and 10, respectively). There was no significant difference between these two groups. Despite the absence of higher SM concentrations in hairdresser's blood, we should not overlook the potential occupational health risks due to their high SMs ingestion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Chavarro JE, Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Loda M, Campos H, Sesso HD, Ma J. Blood levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids as markers of de novo lipogenesis and risk of prostate cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:1246-55. [PMID: 23989197 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, and blood levels of specific saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) could reflect activity of this pathway. We used gas chromatography to measure blood SFA and MUFA levels in prediagnostic samples from 476 incident prostate cancer cases (1982-1995) in the Physicians' Health Study and an equal number of controls matched on age and smoking status. Five tagging polymorphisms in the fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene (rs1127678, rs6502051, rs4246444, rs12949488, and rs8066956) were related to blood SFA and MUFA levels. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the rate ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, of prostate cancer across quintiles of blood fatty acid levels. The polymorphisms rs6502051 and rs4246444 were associated with lower levels of 14:1n-5, 16:1n-7, and 18:1n-9. Blood levels of 16:1n-7 were associated with higher prostate cancer incidence, with rate ratios for men in increasing quintiles of 1.00, 1.40, 1.35, 1.44, and 1.97 (95% confidence interval: 1.27-3.06; Ptrend = 0.003). Furthermore, 16:1n-7 levels were positively related to incidence of high-grade (Gleason score ≥7) tumors (rate ratioQ5-Q1 = 3.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.72-8.94) but not low-grade tumors (rate ratioQ5-Q1 = 1.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.87-2.62) (Pheterogeneity = 0.02). Higher activity of enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis, as reflected in blood levels of 16:1n-7, could be involved in the development of high-grade prostate cancer.
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