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Ezenwa MO. Mentorship in Black and White: Updates over 20 years later. Res Nurs Health 2024; 47:275-276. [PMID: 38528701 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam O Ezenwa
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Zarate Rodriguez JG, Raper L, Sanford DE, Trikalinos NA, Hammill CW. Race and Odds of Surgery Offer in Small Bowel and Pancreas Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:3249-3260. [PMID: 38294612 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-14906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite existing society guidelines, management of pancreatic (PanNEN) and small bowel (SBNEN) neuroendocrine neoplasms remains inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to identify patient- and/or disease-specific characteristics associated with increased odds of being offered surgery for PanNEN and SBNEN. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database and the National Cancer Database (NCDB) were queried for patients with PanNEN/SBNEN. Demographic and pathologic data were compared between patients who were offered surgery and those who were not. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with being offered surgery. RESULTS In SEER, there were 3641 patients with PanNEN (54.7% were offered surgery) and 5720 with SBNEN (86.0% were offered surgery). On multivariate analysis of SEER, non-white race was associated with decreased odds of surgery offer for SBNEN [odds ratio (OR) 0.58, p < 0.001], but not PanNEN (p = 0.187). In NCDB, there were 28,483 patients with PanNEN (57.5% were offered surgery) and 42,675 with SBNEN (86.9% were offered surgery). On multivariate analysis of NCDB, non-white race was also associated with decreased odds of surgery offer for SBNEN (OR 0.61, p < 0.001) but not PanNEN (p = 0.414). CONCLUSIONS This study's findings suggest that, in addition to previously reported disparities in surgical resection and surgery refusal rates, racial/ethnic disparities also exist earlier in the course of treatment, with non-white patients being less likely to be offered surgery for SBNEN but not for PanNEN; this is potentially due to discrepancies in rates of referral to academic centers for pancreas and small bowel malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Zarate Rodriguez
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic & Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lacey Raper
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic & Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dominic E Sanford
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic & Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nikolaos A Trikalinos
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chet W Hammill
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic & Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Turban JL, Anderson CTM, Spetz J. Gender Identity and Ethnoracial Disparities in Conversion Effort Exposure. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:455-457. [PMID: 38598764 PMCID: PMC11008289 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Turban
- Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Gender Psychiatry Program, and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies at The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Chase T. M. Anderson is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The MUSES Clinic, and The Gender Psychiatry Program at UCSF. Joanne Spetz is with the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies and the Department of Family and Community Medicine at UCSF
| | - Chase T M Anderson
- Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Gender Psychiatry Program, and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies at The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Chase T. M. Anderson is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The MUSES Clinic, and The Gender Psychiatry Program at UCSF. Joanne Spetz is with the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies and the Department of Family and Community Medicine at UCSF
| | - Joanne Spetz
- Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Gender Psychiatry Program, and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies at The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Chase T. M. Anderson is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The MUSES Clinic, and The Gender Psychiatry Program at UCSF. Joanne Spetz is with the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies and the Department of Family and Community Medicine at UCSF
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Aljaibeji H, Heydarpour M, Stanton AM, Williams JS, Pojoga LH, Romero JR, Williams GH. Role of Raptor Gene Variants in Hypertension: Influence on Blood Pressure Independent of Salt Intake in White Population. Hypertension 2024; 81:1167-1177. [PMID: 38497230 PMCID: PMC11023780 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is an essential regulator of fundamental biological processes. mTOR forms 2 distinct complexes, mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) when it binds with RAPTOR (Regulatory-associated Protein of mTOR) and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2) when it associates with RICTOR (Rapamycin-insesitive companion of mTOR). Due to the previous link between the mTOR pathway, aldosterone, and blood pressure (BP), we anticipated that variants in the mTOR complex might be associated with salt-sensitive BP. METHODS BP and other parameters were assessed after a one-week liberal Na+ (200 mmol/d) and a one-week restricted Na+ (10 mmol/d) diet in 608 White subjects from the Hypertensive Pathotype cohort, single-nucleotide variants in MTOR, RPTOR, and RICTOR genes were obtained for candidate genes analyses. RESULTS The analysis revealed a significant association between a single nucleotide variants within the RPTOR gene and BP. Individuals carrying the RPTOR rs9901846 homozygous risk allele (AA) and heterozygous risk allele (GA) exhibited a 5 mm Hg increase in systolic BP on a liberal diet compared with nonrisk allele individuals (GG), but only in women. This single nucleotide variants effect was more pronounced on the restricted diet and present in both sexes, with AA carriers having a 9 mm Hg increase and GA carriers having a 5 mm Hg increase in systolic BP compared with GG. Interestingly, there were no significant associations between MTOR or RICTOR gene variants and BP. CONCLUSIONS The RPTOR gene variation is associated with elevated BP in White participants, regardless of salt intake, specifically in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Aljaibeji
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.A., M.H., A.M.S., J.S.W., L.H.P., J.R.R., G.H.W.)
| | - Mahyar Heydarpour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.A., M.H., A.M.S., J.S.W., L.H.P., J.R.R., G.H.W.)
| | - Ana Maria Stanton
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.A., M.H., A.M.S., J.S.W., L.H.P., J.R.R., G.H.W.)
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.A., M.H., A.M.S., J.S.W., L.H.P., J.R.R., G.H.W.)
| | - Luminita H Pojoga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.A., M.H., A.M.S., J.S.W., L.H.P., J.R.R., G.H.W.)
| | - Jose R Romero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.A., M.H., A.M.S., J.S.W., L.H.P., J.R.R., G.H.W.)
| | - Gordon H Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.A., M.H., A.M.S., J.S.W., L.H.P., J.R.R., G.H.W.)
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Mishriky BM, Cummings DM, Fu Y, Halladay JR, Jones S, Boan AD, Jones S, Patil SP, Powell JR, Adams A, Irish W. Comparative analysis of hospitalization risk for incident heart failure in non-Hispanic Black versus non-Hispanic White individuals with type 2 diabetes on empagliflozin (Empa-AA): Insights from real-world data. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1830-1836. [PMID: 38361455 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AIM There are limited data to evaluate hospitalization for heart failure (hHF) in non-Hispanic Black (hereafter Black) or non-Hispanic White (hereafter White) individuals without previous hHF. Our goal was to evaluate the risk of hHF among Black versus White patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who were initially prescribed empagliflozin using real-world data. METHODS This multicentre retrospective cohort study included participants aged ≥18 years who had T2DM, were either Black or White, had no previous hHF, and were prescribed empagliflozin between August 2014 and December 2019. Our primary outcome was time to first hHF after the initial prescription of empagliflozin. A propensity-score (PS)-weighted analysis was performed to balance characteristics by race. The inverse probability treatment weighting method based on PS was used to make treatment comparisons. To compare Black with White, a PS-weighted Cox's cause-specific hazards model was used. RESULTS In total, 8789 participants were eligible for inclusion (Black = 3216 vs. White = 5573). The Black cohort was significantly younger, had a higher proportion of females, and had a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy, while the White cohort had a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease. After adjustment for confounding factors such as age, gender, coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy, the hazard ratio for first-time hHF was not significantly different between the two racial groups [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.09 (0.84-1.42), p = .52]. CONCLUSION This study showed no significant difference in incident hHF among Black versus White individuals with T2DM following a prescription for empagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Mishriky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Health System, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Doyle M Cummings
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Halladay
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Schuyler Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea D Boan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shivajirao P Patil
- Department of Family Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - James R Powell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alyssa Adams
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Irish
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Chang C, Siu A, Kimata C, Sawada H, Mak VP, Lim SY. Gout in Native Hawaiian Patients in Hawai'i: Clinical Characteristics and Disparities. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2024; 76:712-719. [PMID: 38163751 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in clinical characteristics and health care use of Native Hawaiian and White patients with gout. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of Native Hawaiian and White patients with gout treated from 2011 to 2017 within a large health care system in Hawai'i. We compared demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, and risk factors for gout. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictive factors of emergency department visits. RESULTS We identified 270 Native Hawaiian patients with gout and 239 White patients with gout. The Native Hawaiian patients were younger on average (54.0 vs 64.0 years; P < 0.0001) and had an earlier onset of disease (50.0 vs 57.0 years; P < 0.0001). Native Hawaiian patients with gout had higher mean (7.58 vs 6.87 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) and maximum (10.30 vs 9.50 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) serum urate levels compared to White patients with gout. Native Hawaiian patients with gout also had a greater number of tophi (median 2.00 vs 1.00; P < 0.0001). Native Hawaiians patients with gout were 2.7 times more likely to have frequent (≥1) emergency department visits than White patients with gout. Native Hawaiian patients with gout were less likely to have a therapeutic serum urate ≤6.0 mg/dL and had lower rates of rheumatology specialty care. CONCLUSION Native Hawaiian patients have a higher disease burden of gout, with earlier disease onset and more tophi. Native Hawaiian patients with gout are more likely to use emergency services for gout and have lower rates of rheumatology specialty care compared to White patients. Future studies are needed to promote culturally appropriate preventive care and management of gout in Native Hawaiians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Chang
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - Victoria P Mak
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center and University of Hawai'I, Honolulu
| | - Sian Yik Lim
- Hawai'i Pacific Health and University of Hawai'i, Honolulu
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Xie L, Atem F, Mathew MS, Almandoz JP, Schellinger JN, Kapera O, Ngenge S, Francis J, Marroquin EM, McAdams C, Kukreja S, Schneider BE, Messiah SE. Factors Associated with the Decision to Complete Bariatric Metabolic Surgery among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample of Adults: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1513-1522. [PMID: 38105283 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than 50% of eligible candidates who are referred complete Bariatric Metabolic Surgery (BMS). The factors influencing the decision to complete BMS, particularly how these factors vary across different racial and ethnic groups, remain largely unexplored. METHODS This prospective cohort study included adult patients referred to a bariatric surgeon or obesity medicine program between July 2019-September 2022. Sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), anxiety, depression, body appreciation, and patient-physician relationship information were collected via survey and electronic health records. The association between BMS completion and potential decision-driving factors was examined using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. RESULTS A total of 406 BMS -eligible patients participated in the study (mean [SD] age: 47.5 [11.6] years; 87.2% women; 18.0% Hispanic, 39% non-Hispanic Black [NHB], and 39% non-Hispanic White [NHW]; mean [SD] BMI: 45.9 [10.1] kg/m2). A total of 147 participants (36.2%) completed BMS. Overall, the most influential factor driving the decision to complete BMS was younger age (< 68.4 years), higher patient satisfaction, and BMI (≥ 38.0 kg/m2). Hispanic participants prioritized age (< 55.4 years), female sex, and body appreciation. For NHB participants, the highest ranked factors were age < 56.3 years, BMI ≥ 35.8 kg/m2, and higher patient satisfaction. For NHW patients, the most influential factors were age (39.1 to 68.6 years) and higher body appreciation. CONCLUSION These findings highlight racial and ethnic group differences in the factors motivating individuals to complete BMS. By acknowledging these differences, healthcare providers can support patients from different backgrounds more effectively in their decision-making process regarding BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Xie
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Folefac Atem
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M Sunil Mathew
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jaime P Almandoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Schellinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olivia Kapera
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sophia Ngenge
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jackson Francis
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Carrie McAdams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Benjamin E Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, Dallas, TX, USA
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Vučković F, Novokmet M, Šoić D, Štambuk J, Kolčić I, Polašek O, Lauc G, Gornik O, Keser T. Variability of human Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein N-glycome in a Caucasian population. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae031. [PMID: 38591797 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a highly glycosylated protein in human plasma and one of the most abundant acute phase proteins in humans. Glycosylation plays a crucial role in its biological functions, and alterations in AGP N-glycome have been associated with various diseases and inflammatory conditions. However, large-scale studies of AGP N-glycosylation in the general population are lacking. METHODS Using recently developed high-throughput glycoproteomic workflow for site-specific AGP N-glycosylation analysis, 803 individuals from the Croatian island of Korcula were analyzed and their AGP N-glycome data associated with biochemical and physiological traits, as well as different environmental factors. RESULTS After regression analysis, we found that AGP N-glycosylation is strongly associated with sex, somewhat less with age, along with multiple biochemical and physiological traits (e.g. BMI, triglycerides, uric acid, glucose, smoking status, fibrinogen). CONCLUSION For the first time we have extensively explored the inter-individual variability of AGP N-glycome in a general human population, demonstrating its changes with sex, age, biochemical, and physiological status of individuals, providing the baseline for future population and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frano Vučković
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Šoić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska ulica 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska ulica 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Gradišćanska ulica 24, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kamath V, Chen H, Shrestha S, Mechanic-Hamilton D, Deal JA, Mosley TH, Schneider ALC. Normative Data for the 12-Item Sniffin' Sticks Odor Identification Test in Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:335-346. [PMID: 37883325 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantitative olfactory assessment has demonstrated clinical utility for the evaluation of a range of neurologic, psychiatric, and sinonasal conditions. Here, we provide age, sex, race, and education-specific normative data for the 12-item Sniffin Sticks Odor Identification Test (SSOIT-12) in older Black and White U.S. adults without preclinical or clinical dementia or sinonasal disease. METHOD A sample of 2,224 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants aged 66-89 years were included. A normative regression equation was developed using a linear model for the association of age, sex, race, and education with odor identification score. Regression-based normative mean scores and percentiles were generated by age, sex, race, and education groups. RESULTS Participants (mean age = 74 years, 59% women, 20% Black, 48% > high school education) had a mean SSOIT-12 score of 9.8. Age, sex, race, and education were all associated with odor identification performance (all ps < .05). A linear regression model for the predicted SSOIT-12 score was developed for use with an individual's actual SSOIT-12 score in order to calculate the Z-score and corresponding percentile for a specific age, sex, race, and education group. Data are also reported in tabular format. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides SSOIT-12 normative data obtained from a large population of White and Black older adults without preclinical or clinical dementia or sinonasal disease living in the USA. These findings can aid clinicians in assessing the degree of olfactory loss, establishing concordance with a person's perception of olfactory difficulties and quantitatively monitoring changes in olfactory performance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Srishti Shrestha
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Dawn Mechanic-Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer A Deal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Andrea L C Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Olafimihan A, Jackson I, Ozogbo S, Bello J, Fawehinmi P, Shaka H, Mullane M. EPR24-107: Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Mortality Outcomes: A Ten-Year Trend Study. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024; 22:EPR24-107. [PMID: 38579891 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Inimfon Jackson
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Hafeez Shaka
- 1John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL
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Masala B, Love A, Carmichael P, Masic U. Demographics of referrals to a specialist gender identity service in the UK between 2017 and 2020. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:624-636. [PMID: 37698232 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231202372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Trends in clinical referrals to specialist gender services historically comprised more assigned male at birth young people. In the last decade, this has shifted in adolescent samples to more assigned female young people. An updated review of the current patterns of referrals is important to better understand the potential changing needs of clinically referred gender-diverse children and adolescents. We assessed the demographics of referrals to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) and their attendance patterns from 2017 to 2020. During this period, 9555 referrals were received in total, most were in adolescence (n = 7901, 82.7%), and more assigned female (age range = 1-18 years; M = 14.05; SD = 2.5) were referred than assigned male young people overall (n = 6823, 71.4%). A larger proportion of assigned female adolescents (assigned female: n = 5835, 62.3%, assigned male: n = 1897, 20.3%) and assigned female children (n = 988, 10.6%, assigned male: n = 640, 6.8%) were referred. For 2%, sex assigned at birth was unrecorded, 83.4% were White British and 36.6% had an unidentified ethnicity. Only 4% did not attend a first appointment, indicating the need for care from this specialist service. With more young people presenting to gender services, understanding the demographics of young people seeking gender care is vital for service provision. Future research should explore how to increase access to gender care for ethnic minorities, and how to support those accessing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Masala
- Gender Identity Development Service, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Amy Love
- Gender Identity Development Service, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Polly Carmichael
- Gender Identity Development Service, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Una Masic
- Gender Identity Development Service, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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12
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Montalvo AM, Wallace JS, Nedimyer AK, Chandran A, Kossman MK, Gildner P, Register-Mihalik JK, Kerr ZY. Does the Association Between Concussion Measures and Social Context Factors Differ in Black and White Parents? J Athl Train 2024; 59:363-372. [PMID: 37681666 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0193.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Middle school (MS) parents may benefit from education supporting timely concussion identification and care-seeking in their young children (aged approximately 10 to 15 years). However, such education may not consider individual needs and different social context factors, including lower socioeconomic status, disadvantaged social determinants of health, and different racial and ethnic backgrounds. OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between social context factors and concussion knowledge, attitudes, and communication in MS parents and to explore the possible role of race and ethnicity (Black or White) as an effect measure modifier. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Online survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A nationally representative sample of MS parents who completed an online survey (n = 1248). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Parent outcomes were a history of concussion education, concussion symptom knowledge and attitudes, and communication with children about concussion. Main exposures were parental race and ethnicity (Black or White) and social context factors. Uni- and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to achieve the study aims. RESULTS Black parents were more likely than White parents to have received concussion education (69.5% versus 60.5%, P = .009), although median concussion knowledge scores were higher for White parents than for Black parents (40 versus 37, P < .001). Few associations were found for social context factors with concussion knowledge, attitudes, and communication in Black and White parents separately. CONCLUSIONS Among MS parents, race and ethnicity may not influence the association between social context factors and concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, or communication. However, differences were present by race and ethnicity regarding previous concussion education and other parental outcomes, concussion symptom knowledge in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Montalvo
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center, Flowery Branch, GA
- Sports Medicine and Community Health Research Lab, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg
| | | | - Aliza K Nedimyer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Avinash Chandran
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Melissa K Kossman
- School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg
- Sports Medicine and Community Health Research Lab, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg
| | - Paula Gildner
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Johna K Register-Mihalik
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Zachary Yukio Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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13
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Barnard ME, DuPré NC, Heine JJ, Fowler EE, Murthy DJ, Nelleke RL, Chan A, Warner ET, Tamimi RM. Reproductive risk factors for breast cancer and association with novel breast density measurements among Hispanic, Black, and White women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 204:309-325. [PMID: 38095811 PMCID: PMC10948301 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are differences in the distributions of breast cancer incidence and risk factors by race and ethnicity. Given the strong association between breast density and breast cancer, it is of interest describe racial and ethnic variation in the determinants of breast density. METHODS We characterized racial and ethnic variation in reproductive history and several measures of breast density for Hispanic (n = 286), non-Hispanic Black (n = 255), and non-Hispanic White (n = 1694) women imaged at a single hospital. We quantified associations between reproductive factors and percent volumetric density (PVD), dense volume (DV), non-dense volume (NDV), and a novel measure of pixel intensity variation (V) using multivariable-adjusted linear regression, and tested for statistical heterogeneity by race and ethnicity. RESULTS Reproductive factors most strongly associated with breast density were age at menarche, parity, and oral contraceptive use. Variation by race and ethnicity was most evident for the associations between reproductive factors and NDV (minimum p-heterogeneity:0.008) and V (minimum p-heterogeneity:0.004) and least evident for PVD (minimum p-heterogeneity:0.042) and DV (minimum p-heterogeneity:0.041). CONCLUSION Reproductive choices, particularly those related to childbearing and oral contraceptive use, may contribute to racial and ethnic variation in breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie E Barnard
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- University of Utah Intermountain Healthcare Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Natalie C DuPré
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - John J Heine
- Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erin E Fowler
- Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Divya J Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Nelleke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ariane Chan
- Volpara Health Technologies Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Erica T Warner
- Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Liu T, Hashizume K, Krieg E, Chen H, Mukaida Y, Thelen K, Friedrichs F, Willmann S, Schwers S, Solms A, Yu R. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of fesomersen, a novel antisense inhibitor of factor XI, in healthy Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian volunteers. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13784. [PMID: 38563414 PMCID: PMC10985948 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of coagulation factor XI (FXI) presents an attractive approach for anticoagulation as it is not expected to increase the risk of clinically relevant bleeding and is anticipated to be at least as effective as currently available anticoagulants. Fesomersen is a conjugated antisense oligonucleotide that selectively inhibits the expression of FXI. The article describes three clinical studies that investigated the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of fesomersen after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection to healthy participants. The studies included participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds (Caucasian, Japanese, and Chinese). Fesomersen demonstrated good safety and tolerability in all three studies. No major bleeding events were observed. After single-dose s.c. injection, fesomersen was rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation, with maximum fesomersen-equivalent (fesomersen-eq) concentrations (Cmax) in plasma observed within a few hours. After reaching Cmax, plasma fesomersen-eq concentrations declined in a biphasic fashion. The PD analyses showed that the injection of fesomersen led to dose-dependent reductions in FXI activity and increases in activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The maximum observed PD effects were reached between Day 15 and 30, and FXI activity and aPTT returned to near-baseline levels by Day 90 after a single dose. The PK/PD profiles after a single injection were similar among the various ethnic groups. Collectively, the study results suggest that fesomersen has a favorable safety profile and predictable and similar PK and PD profiles across Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Liu
- Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticals, Bayer AGBeijingChina
| | | | - Eva Krieg
- Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticals, Bayer AGWuppertal/Leverkusen/BerlinGermany
| | - Huijun Chen
- Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticals, Bayer AGBeijingChina
| | - Yuki Mukaida
- Research & Development JapanBayer Yakuhin, Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Kirstin Thelen
- Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticals, Bayer AGWuppertal/Leverkusen/BerlinGermany
| | - Frauke Friedrichs
- Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticals, Bayer AGWuppertal/Leverkusen/BerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Willmann
- Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticals, Bayer AGWuppertal/Leverkusen/BerlinGermany
| | - Stephan Schwers
- Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticals, Bayer AGWuppertal/Leverkusen/BerlinGermany
| | - Alexander Solms
- Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticals, Bayer AGWuppertal/Leverkusen/BerlinGermany
| | - Rosie Yu
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.CarlsbadCaliforniaUSA
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15
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Ruphrect-Smith H, Davies S, Jacob J, Edbrooke-Childs J. Ethnic differences in treatment outcome for children and young people accessing mental health support. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1121-1131. [PMID: 37245162 PMCID: PMC11032270 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Children and Young People (CYP) from minoritized ethnic backgrounds experience structural inequalities in Children and Young People's Mental Health Settings (CYPMHS). This mixed methods study explores whether CYP's ethnicity is associated with their treatment outcomes (operationalised as 'measurable change') from CYPMHS. A multilevel multi-nominal regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, referral source, presenting difficulty, case closure reason, suggests that CYP from Asian backgrounds (OR = 0.82, CI [0.70, 0.96]) and Mixed-race (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80; 95% CI [0.69, 0.92]) are less likely to report measurable improvement in mental health difficulties compared to White British CYP. Three themes from a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 15 CYP from minoritized ethnic backgrounds focused on views and experiences of ending mental health support are also presented. CYP view personalised support and the right therapist as conducive to good endings and valued a range of outcomes pertaining to empowerment. Experiences of stigma and inequalities may begin to explain the less positive outcomes experienced by Asian and Mixed-race CYP found in the regression analysis. The implications of these findings and future areas of research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ruphrect-Smith
- Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Davies
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and the Anna Freud Centre, Anna Freud, 4-8 Rodney Street, London, N1 9JH, UK
| | - J Jacob
- Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Child Outcomes Research Consortium, Anna Freud, London, UK
| | - J Edbrooke-Childs
- Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and the Anna Freud Centre, Anna Freud, 4-8 Rodney Street, London, N1 9JH, UK.
- Child Outcomes Research Consortium, Anna Freud, London, UK.
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16
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Edmonds MC, Bickell NA, Gallagher EJ, LeRoith D, Lin JJ. Racial differences in weight perception among Black and White women diagnosed with breast cancer. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:531-540. [PMID: 36169797 PMCID: PMC10166002 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Black women are more likely than White women to have obesity, and obesity is associated with worse breast cancer prognosis. Weight perception, however, has not been studied as a potential mediator of obesity disparities in women with breast cancer. In this study, we sought to describe racial differences and the association of lifestyle factors with weight perception. METHODS In this cross-sectional study design, Black and White women with a new primary breast cancer were surveyed about socio-demographics, weight perception, diet, and exercise habits. Height and weight were measured at enrollment. We classified women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or waist circumference ≥ 88 cm who reported that they were "about the right weight" as under-perceivers. Chi-square and t tests were used to assess study variables (e.g., race, physical activity) associated with under-perception of weight. Logistic regression models were fit to evaluate for racial differences in under-perception while controlling for other covariates. RESULTS Of 1,197 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, the average age was 58 years, and 909 (75.9%) were White. Nine hundred eighteen (77%) had stage I cancer, 1,035 (87%) had estrogen receptor positive cancer, and 795 (66%) were privately insured at time of diagnosis. Seven hundred eighty-nine (66%) women had abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm), while 366 (31%) women had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Overall, 24% of women were under-perceivers. Compared to White women, Black women with WC ≥ 88 cm more frequently under-perceived their weight (24% vs. 14% p < 0.0001) were more obese with BMI > 30 kg/m2 (51% vs. 23%, p < 0.0001) and had lower physical activity (22% vs. 77%, p < 0.0001). After controlling for age, education, and stage, Black women remained more likely to under-perceive their weight relative to White women for those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.4-4.6) or waist circumference ≥ 88 cm (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.8-4.5). With respect to lifestyle factors, among women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, those who met physical activity guidelines were less likely to under-perceive their weight compared to those who did not meet physical activity guidelines (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.2-0.6), regardless of race. CONCLUSIONS We found racial differences in weight perception and identified social determinants and lifestyle factors such as lower education and physical inactivity that influenced under-perception of weight among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Since obesity is associated with worse breast cancer outcomes, identifying optimal modifiable factors to intervene upon to support weight management among breast cancer survivors is clinically important. Breast cancer patients' perceptions about their weight provide insight that may inform lifestyle behavior interventions to reduce obesity during survivorship care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Edmonds
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nina A Bickell
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily J Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny J Lin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Martz CD, Benner AD, Goosby BJ, Mitchell C, Gaydosh L. Structural racism in primary schools and changes in epigenetic age acceleration among Black and White youth. Soc Sci Med 2024; 347:116724. [PMID: 38458127 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Structural racism generates racial inequities in U.S. primary education, including segregated schools, inequitable funding and resources, racial disparities in discipline and achievement, and hostile racial climates, which are risk factors for adverse youth health and development. Black youth are disproportionately exposed to adverse school contexts that may become biologically embedded via stress-mediated epigenetic pathways. This study examined whether childhood exposure to adverse school contexts is associated with changes in epigenetic aging during adolescent development. DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks were calculated from saliva samples at ages 9 and 15 among Black (n = 774) and White (n = 287) youth in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (2009-2015). We performed latent class analyses to identify race-specific primary school contexts using administrative data on segregation, discipline, achievement, resources, economic disadvantage, and racial harassment. We then estimated change in epigenetic age acceleration from childhood to adolescence across school typologies using GrimAge, PhenoAge, and DunedinPACE epigenetic clocks. Three distinct school contexts were identified for Black youth: segregated and highly-disadvantaged (17.0%), segregated and moderately-disadvantaged (52.1%), and integrated and moderately-disadvantaged (30.8%). Two school contexts emerged for White youth: integrated and unequal (46.5%) and predominantly White & advantaged (53.5%). At age 15, Black youth who attended segregated and highly-disadvantaged primary schools experienced increases in their speed of epigenetic aging with GrimAge and DunedinPACE. Slowed epigenetic aging with GrimAge was observed for Black youth who attended integrated and moderately-disadvantaged schools. School contexts were not associated with changes in epigenetic age acceleration for White youth. Our findings suggest that manifestations of structural racism in primary school contexts are associated with early-life epigenetic age acceleration and may forecast future health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor D Martz
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
| | - Aprile D Benner
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Bridget J Goosby
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Department of Sociology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Lauren Gaydosh
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Department of Sociology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
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18
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Schmitgen A, Bodner GB, Garvick SJ, Horback N, Turnau M, Conner KR, Perry CJ, Gillette C. Post stroke pain: Is there under-diagnosis in Black versus White patients? J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:202-208. [PMID: 38311536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Stroke incidence is higher and stroke outcomes are poorer in Black patients compared to White patients. Poststroke pain, however, is not a well understood stroke outcome. Using the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program database, we hypothesized that the dataset would demonstrate proportionately higher relative risk of poststroke pain in the Black poststroke patient population compared to the White poststroke patient population. However, our analysis showed that Black stroke patients were diagnosed with poststroke pain at a similar rate as White stroke patients. As our results are not consistent with other poststroke outcomes in the literature, this study identifies a potentially underdiagnosed patient population, highlighting the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Schmitgen
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of PA Studies, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Gayle B Bodner
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of PA Studies, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Sarah J Garvick
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of PA Studies, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Natalie Horback
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of PA Studies, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Madeline Turnau
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of PA Studies, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kelly R Conner
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of PA Studies, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Courtney J Perry
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of PA Studies, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Chris Gillette
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of PA Studies, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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19
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Padhi SR, Goswami MP. Tribal Folklore to Aesthetic and Religious Painting: Transition of Oral Narratives to Visual Art. J Relig Health 2024; 63:877-888. [PMID: 33159634 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gond painting, an integral part of the Gond cultural identity of central India, has emerged as highly appreciated and recognised tribal art form worldwide in the recent times. These traditional paintings are believed to have started with the transformation of Gond oral folklores. The Pradhan Gond, a subgroup of the Gonds, who were traditionally assigned to sing songs of the glorification of the gods, goddesses and nature with a Bana, a traditional single-stringed musical instrument, was assumed to initiate the paintings of Gond folktales. They narrated the collective beliefs, values and legends of the Gond tribe on the origin, relationship and divine powers in the form of paintings. The traditions of performing the assigned responsibilities of Pradhan Gond were believed to have lost during the Mughal era and British rule. This research paper focuses on the study of the reflections of three popular Gond folk stories, i.e. Basin Kanya, Mahua tree and Bada Dev, in the contemporary Gond paintings of Madhya Pradesh. The paintings of Jangarh Singh Shyam and Durga Bai have been chosen for the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soubhagya Ranjan Padhi
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Manash Pratim Goswami
- Department of Media and Communication, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Daw J, Roberts MK, Salim Z, Porter ND, Verdery AM, Ortiz SE. Relationships, race/ethnicity, gender, age, and living kidney donation evaluation willingness. Transpl Immunol 2024; 83:101980. [PMID: 38184217 PMCID: PMC10939764 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic and gender disparities in living donor kidney transplantation are large and persistent but incompletely explained. One previously unexplored potential contributor to these disparities is differential willingness to donate to recipients in specific relationships such as children, parents, and friends. We collected and analyzed data from an online sample featuring an experimental vignette in which respondents were asked to rate their willingness to donate to a randomly chosen member of their family or social network. Results show very large differences in respondents' willingness to donate to recipients with different relationships to them, favoring children, spouses/partners, siblings, and parents, and disfavoring friends, aunts/uncles, and coworkers. Evidence suggesting an interactive effect between relationship, respondent race/ethnicity, respondent or recipient gender, was limited to a few cases. At the p < 0.05 level, the parent-recipient gender interaction was statistically significant, favoring mothers over fathers, as was other/multiracial respondents' greater willingness to donate to friends compared to Whites. Additionally, other interactions were significant at the p < 0.10 level, such as Hispanics' and women's higher willingness to donate to parents compared to Whites and men respectively, women's lower willingness to donate to friends compared to men, and Blacks' greater willingness to donate to coworkers than Whites. We also examined differences by age and found that older respondents were less willing to donate to recipients other than their parents. Together these results suggest that differential willingness to donate by relationship group may be a moderately important factor in understanding racial/ethnic and gender disparities in living donor kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Daw
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University.
| | - Mary K Roberts
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Zarmeen Salim
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Nathaniel D Porter
- University Libraries and Department of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | - Ashton M Verdery
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Selena E Ortiz
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, The Pennsylvania State University
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21
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Sekaya G, Wang F, Brown H, Alagesan P, Batch BC, Garman K, Epplein M. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Helicobacter pylori Eradication in a Clinical Population. South Med J 2024; 117:199-205. [PMID: 38569609 PMCID: PMC10997161 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eradication of Helicobacter pylori reduces the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are known to be at increased risk for GC. In a cohort of H. pylori-positive individuals, we assessed whether those with T2DM were at risk of persistent infection following H. pylori treatment compared with individuals without T2DM. METHODS A random subset of all individuals diagnosed as having H. pylori without intestinal metaplasia at endoscopy from 2015 to 2019 were stratified evenly by race (Black and White). After excluding those with T1DM and those without eradication testing after H. pylori treatment, logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of T2DM with the risk of persistent H. pylori infection following treatment. RESULTS In 138 patients, H. pylori eradication rates did not differ between the 27% of individuals with T2DM compared to those without (81.1% vs 81.2%). After adjusting for age, race, and insurance status, we found no significant increased risk of persistent H. pylori infection for individuals with T2DM (odds ratio 1.40; 95% confidence interval 0.49-3.99). CONCLUSIONS H. pylori eradication rates do not differ by T2DM status, providing support for clinical trials of H. pylori eradication to reduce GC incidence among high-risk populations in the United States, such as individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sekaya
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Cancer Risk, Detection, and Interception Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
- Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile
| | - Frances Wang
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - HannahSofia Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Priya Alagesan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bryan C. Batch
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine Garman
- Cancer Risk, Detection, and Interception Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Meira Epplein
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Cancer Risk, Detection, and Interception Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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22
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Gelbier S. Bernard Geoffrey Norman Smith (1938-2016). Br Dent J 2024; 236:556-561. [PMID: 38609624 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Bernard Smith was one of the most significant specialists in restorative dentistry of his generation. He was an inspiring undergraduate and postgraduate teacher, a noted international lecturer and a house-builder. Bernard was president of the British Society for Restorative Dentistry and first chairman of the Association of Consultants and Specialists in Restorative Dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Gelbier
- Honorary Professor and Head of the Unit for the History of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, Guy´s Hospital, Tooley Street, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Rix E, Doran F, Wrigley B, Rotumah D. Decolonisation for health: A lifelong process of unlearning for Australian white nurse educators. Nurs Inq 2024; 31:e12616. [PMID: 38031248 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous nurse scholars across nations colonised by Europeans articulate the need for accomplices (as opposed to mere performative allies) to work alongside them and support their ongoing struggle for health equity and respect and to prioritise and promote culturally safe healthcare. Although cultural safety is now being mandated in nursing codes of practice as a strategy to address racism in healthcare, it is important that white nurse educators have a comprehensive understanding about cultural safety and the pedagogical skills needed to teach it to undergraduate nurses. We open this article with stories of our journeys as two white nurses in becoming accomplices and working alongside Indigenous Peoples, as patients and colleagues. Our lived experience of the inertia of healthcare and education organisations to address systemic and institutional resistance to the practice of cultural safety underpins the intention of this article. We understand that delivering this challenging and complex topic effectively and respectfully is best achieved when Indigenous and white educators work together at the cultural interface. Doing so requires commitment from white nurses and power holders within universities and healthcare institutions. A decolonising approach to nurse education at individual and institutional levels is fundamental to support and grow the work that needs to be done to reduce health inequity and increase cultural safety. White nurse accomplices can play an important role in teaching future nurses the importance of critical reflection and aiming to reduce power imbalances and racism within healthcare environments. Reducing power imbalances in healthcare environments and decolonising nursing practice is the strength of a cultural safety framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rix
- Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Frances Doran
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beth Wrigley
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darlene Rotumah
- Gnibi College of Indigenous Australians, SCU, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
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Tapia AL, Wallace ML, Hasler BP, Holmes J, Pedersen SL. Effect of daily discrimination on naturalistic sleep health features in young adults. Health Psychol 2024; 43:298-309. [PMID: 38190204 PMCID: PMC10939866 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Racial inequities in sleep health are well documented and may be partially attributable to discrimination experiences. However, the effects of acute discrimination experiences on same-night sleep health are understudied. We quantified naturalistic discrimination experiences captured using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and examined whether reporting discrimination on a given day predicted sleep health that night. METHOD Participants completed baseline assessments and a 17-day EMA protocol, with text prompts delivered four times daily to collect discrimination experiences. Seven different daily sleep characteristics were ascertained each morning. Discrimination reasons (e.g., because of my racial identity) were reported by participants and categorized into any, racial, or nonracial discrimination. Outcomes included the seven sleep diary characteristics. We fit generalized linear mixed effects models for each sleep outcome and discrimination category, controlling for key covariates. RESULTS The analytic sample included 116 self-identified Black and White individuals (48% Black, 71% assigned female at birth, average age = 24.5 years). Among Black participants, race-based discrimination was associated with a 0.5-hr reduction in total sleep time (TST). Among White individuals, nonracial discrimination was associated with a 0.6-hr reduction in TST, an earlier sleep offset, and reduced sleep efficiency (partly attributable to more nighttime awakenings). CONCLUSIONS Young adults may sleep worse on nights after experiencing discrimination, and different types of discrimination affect different sleep outcomes for Black and White individuals. Future studies may consider developing treatments that account for different sleep vulnerabilities for people experiencing discrimination on a given day. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredith L. Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Brant P. Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
- Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Sarah L. Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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Pynn BR, Houghton B, Layden J, Swanson BZ. Royal advertising toothpaste pot lids. Br Dent J 2024; 236:552-555. [PMID: 38609623 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Royal patronage is not something new. Engraved images of British royalty were used by early toothpaste manufacturers, dentists and perfumiers to convey royal endorsement to boost their product sales in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Packaged in high-quality ceramic pots, these toothpastes and powders promoted cleaning, beautifying and preserving the teeth and gums. These fascinating containers, sealed with a transfer-printed lid, feature inventive designs and typefaces and highlight sophisticated manufacturing and marketing skills to entice consumers. Many have been re-discovered from the excavation of former rubbish tips and are often the only tangible evidence of long defunct businesses that elected to use this latest form of packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Pynn
- Chief of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Ben Z Swanson
- Historian and Retired Dentist, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Asaithambi G, George MG, Tong X, Lakshminarayan K. Sex-specific racial and ethnic variations in short-term outcomes among patients with first or recurrent ischemic stroke: Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program, 2016-2020. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107560. [PMID: 38214243 PMCID: PMC10939736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To understand the association of sex-specific race and ethnicity on the short-term outcomes of initial and recurrent ischemic stroke events. METHODS Using the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program from 2016-2020, we examined 426,062 ischemic stroke admissions from 629 hospitals limited to non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic patients. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the combined effects of sex-specific race and ethnicity on short-term outcomes for acute ischemic stroke patients presenting with initial or recurrent stroke events. Outcomes assessed include rates of in-hospital death, discharge to home, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after reperfusion treatment. RESULTS Among studied patients, the likelihood of developing sICH after reperfusion treatment for initial ischemic stroke was not significantly different. The likelihood of experiencing in-hospital death among patients presenting with initial stroke was notably higher among NHW males (AOR 1.59 [95 % CI 1.46, 1.73]), NHW females (AOR 1.34 [95 % CI 1.23, 1.45]), and Hispanic males (AOR 1.57 [95 % CI 1.36, 1.81]) when compared to NHB females. Hispanic females were more likely to be discharged home when compared to NHB females after initial stroke event (AOR 1.32 [95 % CI 1.23, 1.41]). NHB males (AOR 0.90 [95 % CI 0.87, 0.94]) and NHW females (AOR 0.89 [95 % CI 0.86, 0.92]) were less likely to be discharged to home. All groups with recurrent ischemic strokes experienced higher likelihood of in-hospital death when compared to NHB females with the highest likelihood among NHW males (AOR 2.13 [95 % CI 1.87, 2.43]). Hispanic females had a higher likelihood of discharging home when compared to NHB females hospitalized for recurrent ischemic stroke, while NHB males and NHW females with recurrent ischemic stroke hospitalizations were less likely to discharge home. CONCLUSIONS Sex-specific race and ethnic disparities remain for short-term outcomes in both initial and recurrent ischemic stroke hospitalizations. Further studies are needed to address disparities among recurrent ischemic stroke hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Asaithambi
- Allina Health Neuroscience, Spine, and Pain Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Xin Tong
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Kop M, Kim N, Shimoda B, Unebasami E, Weldon RH, Nakasone CK. The prevalence of bilateral and ipsilateral radiographic osteoarthritis is high in White, Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders presenting for unilateral knee or hip arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2024; 144:1565-1573. [PMID: 38386068 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-024-05252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that one-third of patients presenting with unilateral joint pain have contralateral osteoarthritis (OA) at first presentation. Most studies have primarily examined White patient cohorts. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of contralateral joint OA for patients presenting for unilateral total knee (TKA), unicompartmental knee (UKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) among Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and White patients. METHODS Bilateral radiographic reports at initial presentation of 2,312 subjects who underwent unilateral arthroplasties (332 UKAs, 933 TKAs and 1,047 THAs) were reviewed. The presence of contralateral OA was recorded and compared by racial group and type of arthroplasty performed. Parametric statistical analyses were performed to determine differences between groups. Multivariable analyses were completed for each arthroplasty group to determine the influence on the presence of contralateral OA, presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Contralateral joint OA was present in 86.7%, 90.4% and 70.4% of UKA, TKA and THA patients, respectively. Concurrent hip OA was present in 41.6% and 59.5% of UKA and TKA patients. No racial differences in the prevalence of contralateral knee OA were found for knee arthroplasty patients. White patients (74.6%) had a greater prevalence of contralateral hip OA compared to Asians (66.5%, p = 0.037) amongst THA recipients. Increased age and body mass index were significantly associated with the presence of contralateral knee OA. Increased age, being male and being White were significant contributors for the presence of contralateral hip OA. CONCLUSION The prevalence of contralateral joint OA and concurrent hip OA is high in all three racial groups. Due to the extensive prevalence of contralateral and concurrent knee and hip OA, bilateral radiographic evaluation should be considered for all patients presenting with unilateral hip or knee pain due to OA.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Male
- Female
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/epidemiology
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/surgery
- Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
- Prevalence
- Knee Joint/surgery
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/epidemiology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery
- White People
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Kop
- University of Hawai'I, John A Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Nathan Kim
- University of Hawai'I, John A Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Brent Shimoda
- University of Hawai'I, John A Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Emily Unebasami
- University of Hawai'I, John A Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Rosana Hernandez Weldon
- University of Hawai'i Office of Public Health Studies, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Cass K Nakasone
- Straub Medical Center Bone and Joint Center, 888 South King Street, Honolulu, HI, 96814, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Hawai'i, John A Burns School of Medicine, 1356 Lusitana Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Ferguson E, Dawe-Lane E, Ajayi O, Osikomaiya B, Mills R, Okubanjo A. The importance of need-altruism and kin-altruism to blood donor behaviour for black and white people. Transfus Med 2024; 34:112-123. [PMID: 38305071 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Need-altruism (a preference to help people in need) and kin-altruism (a preference to help kin over non-kin) underlie two hypotheses for voluntary blood donation: (i) Need-altruism underlies motivations for volunteer blood donation and (ii) Black people express a stronger preference for kin-altruism, which is a potential barrier to donation. This paper tests these hypotheses and explores how need- and kin-altruism are associated with wider altruistic motivations, barriers, and strategies to encourage donation. METHODS We assessed need- and kin-altruism, other mechanisms-of-altruism (e.g., reluctant-altruism), barriers, strategies to encourage donation, donor status, and willingness-to-donate across four groups based on ethnicity (Black; White), nationality (British; Nigerian), and country-of-residence: (i) Black-British people (n = 395), and Black-Nigerian people (ii) in the UK (n = 97) or (iii) across the rest of the world (n = 101), and (v) White-British people in the UK (n = 452). We also sampled a Black-Nigerian Expert group (n = 60). RESULTS Need-altruism was higher in donors and associated with willingness-to-donate in non-donors. Levels of kin-altruism did not differ between Black and White people, but need-altruism was lower in Black-British people. Kin-altruism was associated with a preference for incentives, and need-altruism with a preference for recognition (e.g., a thank you) as well as an increased willingness-to-donate for Black non-donors. Need-altruism underlies a blood-donor-cooperative-phenotype. CONCLUSION Need-altruism is central to blood donation, in particular recruitment. Lower need-altruism may be a specific barrier for Black-British people. Kin-altruism is important for Black non-donors. The blood donor cooperative phenotype deserves further consideration. Implications for blood services are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erin Dawe-Lane
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Oluwafemi Ajayi
- Blood Sciences, Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorchester, UK
| | - Bodunrin Osikomaiya
- Lagos State Blood Transfusion Service, Gbagada Centre, General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Richard Mills
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Al-Kire RL, Miller CA, Pasek MH, Perry SL, Wilkins CL. White by Another Name? Can Anti-Christian Bias Claims Serve as a Racial Dog Whistle? Psychol Sci 2024; 35:415-434. [PMID: 38507261 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241236162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Four preregistered experiments (N = 4,307) explored whether anti-Christian bias claims can discreetly signal White allyship among Christian American adults. In Experiments 1 and 2, reading about anti-Christian bias led White, but not Black, Christians to perceive more anti-White bias. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrate the connection between Christian and White can be leveraged by politicians in the form of a racial dog whistle. In Experiment 3, White Christians perceived a politician concerned about anti-Christian bias as caring more about anti-White bias and more willing to fight for White people (relative to a control). This politician was also perceived as less offensive than a politician concerned about anti-White bias. In Experiment 4, Black Christians perceived a politician concerned about anti-Christian bias as less offensive than one concerned about anti-White bias yet still unlikely to fight for Black people. Results suggest "anti-Christian bias" can provide a relatively palatable way to signal allegiance to White people.
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Martins JNR, Versiani MA. Worldwide Anatomic Characteristics of the Mandibular Canine-A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study with Meta-Analysis. J Endod 2024; 50:456-471. [PMID: 38280512 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to examine the global prevalence of root and root canal morphologies in mandibular canines and analyze potential influences of region, ethnicity, sex, and age on the proportion of a second root and root canal configuration. METHODS Observers from 44 countries screened 13,200 canines using cone-beam computed tomographic exams and gathered data on the percentages of 2 root canal morphologies and 2-rooted configurations (primary outcomes), as well as the root canal configurations (secondary outcome). Demographic factors (ethnicity, sex, and age) were collected for each participant. Primary outcomes were represented as odds ratios and untransformed proportions accompanied by 95% confidence interval (CI) forest plots. Meta-analysis compared subgroups and identified sources of heterogeneity. Intra- and inter-rater tests were conducted. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS The worldwide prevalence of a second canal was 7.5% (95% CI, 6.3%-8.7%), ranging from 0.7% in Nigeria to 17.7% in Uruguay. The meta-analysis also revealed significant variations when comparing ethnicity, gender, and age (P < .05). The global prevalence of a second root was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.5%-2.3%), with the highest proportion observed in Spain (6.7%). Caucasian and Indian (south Asian) ethnic groups, females, and older patients exhibited higher proportions of 2 roots (P < .05). Meta-regression excluded side, voxel size, and field of view as sources of heterogeneity (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of 2 root canals and 2-rooted configurations in the mandibular canine exhibited variations based on geographic location, ethnicity, sex, and age. The global prevalence of 2 root canals and 2-root configuration was 7.5% and 1.9%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge N R Martins
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE) Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marco A Versiani
- Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Guimarães JMN, Jackson JW, Barber S, Griep RH, da Fonseca MDJM, Camelo LV, Barreto SM, Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Cardoso LDO, Pereira AC, Chor D. Racial Inequities in the Control of Hypertension and the Explanatory Role of Residential Segregation: a Decomposition Analysis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1024-1032. [PMID: 37052798 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying racial inequities in uncontrolled hypertension have been limited to individual factors. We investigated racial inequities in uncontrolled hypertension and the explanatory role of economic segregation in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). All 3897 baseline participants with hypertension (2008-2010) were included. Uncontrolled hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg), self-reported race (White/Brown/Black people), and neighborhood economic segregation (low/medium/high) were analyzed cross-sectionally. We used decomposition analysis, which describes how much a disparity would change (disparity reduction; explained portion) and remain (disparity residual; unexplained portion) upon removing racial differences in economic segregation (i.e., if Black people had the distribution of segregation of White people, how much we would expect uncontrolled hypertension to decrease among Black people). Age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension (39.0%, 52.6%, and 54.2% for White, Brown, and Black participants, respectively) remained higher for Black and Brown vs White participants, regardless of economic segregation. Uncontrolled hypertension showed a dose-response pattern with increasing segregation levels for White but not for Black and Brown participants. After adjusting for age, gender, education, and study center, unexplained portion (disparity residual) of race on uncontrolled hypertension was 18.2% (95% CI 13.4%; 22.9%) for Black vs White participants and 12.6% (8.2%; 17.1%) for Brown vs White participants. However, explained portion (disparity reduction) through economic segregation was - 2.1% (- 5.1%; 1.3%) for Black vs White and 0.5% (- 1.7%; 2.8%) for Brown vs White participants. Although uncontrolled hypertension was greater for Black and Brown vs White people, racial inequities in uncontrolled hypertension were not explained by economic segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M N Guimarães
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, R Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Cep 21041-210, Brazil.
| | - John W Jackson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharrelle Barber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosane H Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de J M da Fonseca
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, R Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Cep 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Lidyane V Camelo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sandhi M Barreto
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruce B Duncan
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leticia de O Cardoso
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, R Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Cep 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dora Chor
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, R Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Cep 21041-210, Brazil
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Zhang Q, Su H, Lu C, Huang Q, Wang S, He X, Zou J, Chen Q, Liu Y, Zeng L. Ammonia removal mitigates white plague type II in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Mar Environ Res 2024; 196:106403. [PMID: 38335857 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
White Plague Type II (WPL II) is a disease increasingly affecting scleractinian coral species and progresses rapidly. However, the etiological pathogen and remedy remain elusive. In this study, transmission experiments demonstrated that Aureimonas altamirensis and Aurantimonas coralicida, representing the WPL II pathogens, could infect Pocillopora damicorni. The infection produced selected pathological symptoms, including bleaching, tissue loss, and decolorization. Furthermore, ammonia degradation significantly reduced the severity of infection by these pathogens, indicating that ammonia may be a virulence factor for WPL II. Coral microbiome analysis suggested that ammonia degradation mediates the anti-white plague effect by maintaining the density of Symbiodiniaceae and stabilizing the core and symbiotic bacteria. Aureimonas altamirensis and Aurantimonas coralicida have been shown to cause diseases of P. damicornis, with ammonia acting as a virulence factor, and ammoniac degradation may be a promising and innovative approach to mitigate coral mortality suffering from increasing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hongfei Su
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Chunrong Lu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qinyu Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xucong He
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jie Zou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lujia Zeng
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Okah E, Jetty A, Jabbarpour Y, Sloane P. Duration of Residence and Hypertension in Black Foreign-Born Residents: NHIS, 2004-2017. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:591-597. [PMID: 36853405 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the USA. Black immigrants, who, by definition, have time-limited exposure to the USA, may provide insight into the relationship between exposure to the US environment, Black race, and hypertension. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of pooled National Health Interview Survey (2004-2017) data of foreign-born White European and Black adults (N = 11,516). Multivariable robust Poisson regressions assessed the relationship between self-reported hypertension and duration of the residency (< 5, 5-9, 10-14, ≥ 15 years) among Black, Black African, Black Caribbean, and White European foreign-born residents. RESULTS In multivariable analyses-controlling for age, sex, education, poverty-to-income ratio, insurance status, recent encounter with a clinician, and BMI-Black foreign-born residents (PR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.90) and Black Africans (10-14 years.: PR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.13, 2.56; ≥ 15 years.: PR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.34) with a duration of residency of at least 15 and 10 years, respectively, had a greater prevalence of hypertension than those with duration less than 5 years. A nonsignificant positive association between a duration of residency of at least 15 years (compared to less than 5 years) and self-reported hypertension was observed for White Europeans (PR 1.49, 95% CI = 0.88, 2.51) and Black Caribbeans (PR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.69, 1.72). CONCLUSION Duration of residency is particularly associated with hypertension among Black Africans after migration to the USA. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in primary care utilization and awareness of hypertension diagnoses among recent African immigrants, along with greater stress associated with living in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebiere Okah
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
| | - Anuradha Jetty
- The Robert Graham Center, 1133 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Yalda Jabbarpour
- The Robert Graham Center, 1133 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Philip Sloane
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 590 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
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Kwak PP, Ibarra C, Hernandez A, Carrasco J, Sears DD, Jeste D, Marquine MJ, Lee EE. Differences in metabolic biomarkers in people with schizophrenia who are of Mexican descent compared to non-Hispanic whites. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115788. [PMID: 38401486 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is highly prevalent and contributes to premature mortality among people with schizophrenia (PwS), especially in Hispanic/Latino/a/x/e PwS, compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) PwS. This study evaluated the relative contributions of Mexican descent and schizophrenia diagnosis to metabolic biomarker levels. This cross-sectional study included 115 PwS and 102 non-psychiatric comparison (NC) participants - English-speakers aged 26-66 years, 27% Mexican descent, and 52% women across both groups. Assessments included evaluations of BMI, psychopathology, and fasting metabolic biomarkers. We used ANOVA analyses to compare metabolic outcomes between diagnostic and ethnic subgroups, linear regression models to examine associations between Mexican descent and metabolic outcomes, and Spearman's correlations to examine relationships between metabolic outcomes and illness-related variables in PwS. Mexican PwS had higher hemoglobin A1c levels, insulin resistance, and body mass index than NHW PwS. Mexican descent was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c levels, insulin resistance, body mass index, and leptin levels, controlling for age, sex, depression, education, and smoking. Among Mexican PwS, worse negative symptoms were associated with greater insulin resistance. These findings support the possibility of ethnicity-based differences in metabolic dysregulation, though further investigation is warranted to create targeted health interventions for Hispanic PwS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulyn P Kwak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cynthia Ibarra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexa Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica Carrasco
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Dilip Jeste
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - María J Marquine
- Department of Medicine Geriatrics Division, Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, 201 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, 201 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ellen E Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Alp HH. Re.: Louise Guillaume et al. Biological variation of CA 15-3, CA 125 and HE 4 on lithium heparinate plasma in apparently healthy Caucasian volunteers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023;61(7):1319-1326; https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0966. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:e88-e89. [PMID: 37852611 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamit Hakan Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye
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Rai A, Chaulagain R. Lip Print Pattern among Children Visiting Dental Out patient department. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2024; 21:411-416. [PMID: 38615211 DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v21i3.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lip print patterns are unique in every individual. The uniqueness of lip print pattern assists in the personal identification. The objectives of the present study were to study the different lip print patterns among the children visiting Kanti Children's Hospital, and to compare the distribution of lip print patterns based on gender and race. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 children visiting the Dental Outpatient Department of Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Convenience sampling method was used to choose the study subjects. Digital photography method was used to record the image of lips. RESULTS The study showed 'Long vertical' (Type I) as the most frequent (41%) type of lip print pattern, whereas 'Unspecified' (Type V) was the least frequent (2.7%) type. Prevalence of 'Type I' pattern was significantly higher in males as compared to females (p=0.007) whereas prevalence of 'Type IV' pattern was significantly higher in females as compared to males (p=0.006). 'Type I' pattern was the commonest lip print pattern among both Caucasians and Mongolian, whereas 'Type V' (2%) and 'Type IV' (3.7%) were the least common lip print patterns in Caucasians and Mongolian children respectively. CONCLUSIONS 'Long vertical' (Type I) was the most common lip print pattern among the children visiting the Dental Outpatient Department of Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Nevertheless, in higher or lesser numbers, all kinds of lip print patterns as described by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi were seen in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Rai
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, People's Dental College and Hospital, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajib Chaulagain
- Department of Oral Pathology, Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan, Nepal
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Naicker R, Nunan D. Catalogue of bias: racial bias. BMJ Evid Based Med 2024; 29:114-116. [PMID: 37620012 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Naicker
- Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Nunan
- Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Torres ME, Maguire S, Kogan J. "I Was Told to Think Like a Middle-Aged White Woman": A Survey on Identity and the Association of Social Work Boards Exam. Soc Work 2024; 69:185-196. [PMID: 38366956 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The release of the 2022 Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) exam passage rate report confirmed what many test takers who failed their exam believe. The ASWB exams are biased, with differential passage rates based on the test taker's race, age, and "English as a second language" status. However, the report only offered basic descriptive statistics and lacked insight into the test takers' experience. The present study addresses this gap. Results are from a 2022 survey of individuals who had taken the ASWB master's level licensing exam (N = 1,045) highlighting test taker identity and experience. Thirty percent of the study sample identified as neurodivergent, 29.1 percent as primary caregivers, and 27.1 percent as Black, Indigenous, or persons of color. White respondents had the highest first-attempt passing rates (95.7 percent), followed by Latinx and Black respondents (84.9 percent and 78.2 percent, respectively). Forty-four respondents reported taking the test three or more times before passing. Among this group, 52 percent identified as Black, 25 percent as White, and 18 percent as Latinx. Respondents were asked how they felt their identity impacted their experience, and three interrelated themes emerged: privilege, challenges, and critique of the exam. Respondents discussed the impact of having or not having privilege; the emotional, physical, and financial challenges of preparing for the exam; and the ways in which they experienced the exam as biased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Torres
- Maria Elena Torres, PhD, is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Level 2, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Jennie Kogan
- LMSW, is a clinical social worker, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Beck DC, Tabb K, Tilea A, Vance AJ, Hall S, Schroeder A, Zivin K. Diagnosed behavioral health conditions during the perinatal period among a commercially insured population by race/ethnicity, 2008-2020. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345442. [PMID: 38515598 PMCID: PMC10954808 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to examine trends in diagnosed behavioral health (BH) conditions [mental health (MH) disorders or substance use disorders (SUD)] among pregnant and postpartum individuals between 2008-2020. We then explored the relationship between BH conditions and race/ethnicity, acknowledging race/ethnicity as a social construct that influences health disparities. Methods This study included delivering individuals, aged 15-44 years, and continuously enrolled in a single commercial health insurance plan for 1 year before and 1 year following delivery between 2008-2020. We used BH conditions as our outcome based on relevant ICD 9/10 codes documented during pregnancy or the postpartum year. Results In adjusted analyses, white individuals experienced the highest rates of BH conditions, followed by Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals, respectively. Asian individuals had the largest increase in BH rates, increasing 292%. White individuals had the smallest increase of 192%. The trend remained unchanged even after adjusting for age and Bateman comorbidity score, the trend remained unchanged. Conclusions The prevalence of diagnosed BH conditions among individuals in the perinatal and postpartum periods increased over time. As national efforts continue to work toward improving perinatal BH, solutions must incorporate the needs of diverse populations to avert preventable morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Beck
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Karen Tabb
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Anca Tilea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ashlee J. Vance
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Stephanie Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kara Zivin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Bak H, Jurcevic I, Trawalter S. What black people value when white people confront prejudice. J Soc Psychol 2024; 164:187-198. [PMID: 36864744 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2023.2178875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research in psychology has focused on how confronting racial prejudice affects White people - White perpetrators and bystanders - and reduces their prejudice. We shift the focus to Black people - Black people targeted by prejudice and Black observers - and examine how Black people perceive White people's confrontations. Two hundred forty-two Black participants evaluated White participants' responses to anti-Black comments (i.e., confrontations), which were text-analyzed and content-coded to identify the characteristics that Black participants valued the most. Analyses revealed that Black participants valued confrontations that were coded as direct, targeting the action, labeling the prejudiced action as such, and connecting individual acts of prejudice to systemic racism. Notably, this style of confrontation is not what research suggests is best for White people, for reducing Whites' prejudice. Accordingly, the present work contributes to our understanding of confronting prejudice and the value of centering Black experiences and perspectives rather than White comfort and prejudice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ines Jurcevic
- Daniel J. Evans School of Public Policy & Governance, University of Washington
| | - Sophie Trawalter
- Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, University of Virginia c
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Abdoo DC, Puls HT, Hall M, Lindberg DM, Anderst J, Wood JN, Parikh K, Tashijan M, Sills MR. Racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic imaging for child physical abuse. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 149:106648. [PMID: 38262182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Racial bias may affect occult injury testing decisions for children with concern for abuse. OBJECTIVES To determine the association of race on occult injury testing decisions at children's hospitals. DESIGN In this retrospective study, we measured disparities in: (1) the proportion of visits for which indicated diagnostic imaging studies for child abuse were obtained; (2) the proportion of positive tests. SETTING The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) administrative database encompassing 49 tertiary children's hospitals during 2017-2019. PARTICIPANTS We built three cohorts based on guidelines for diagnostic testing for child abuse: infants with traumatic brain injury (TBI; n = 1952), children <2 years old with extremity fracture (n = 20,842), and children <2 years old who received a skeletal survey (SS; n = 13,081). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES For each group we measured: (1) the odds of receiving a specific guideline-recommended diagnostic imaging study; (2) among those with the indicated imaging study, the odds of an abuse-related injury diagnosis. We calculated both unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) by race and ethnicity, adjusting for sex, age in months, payor, and hospital. RESULTS In infants with TBI, the odds of receiving a SS did not differ by racial group. Among those with a SS, the odds of rib fracture were higher for non-Hispanic Black than Hispanic (AOR 2.05 (CI 1.31, 3.2)) and non-Hispanic White (AOR 1.57 (CI 1.11, 2.32)) patients. In children with extremity fractures, the odds of receiving a SS were higher for non-Hispanic Black than Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients (AOR 1.97 (CI 1.74, 2.23)); (AOR 1.17 (CI 1.05, 1.31)), respectively, and lower for Hispanic than non-Hispanic White patients (AOR 0.59 (CI 0.53, 0.67)). Among those receiving a SS, the rate of rib fractures did not differ by race. In children with skeletal surveys, the odds of receiving neuroimaging did not differ by race. Among those with neuroimaging, the odds of a non-fracture, non-concussion TBI were lower in non-Hispanic Black than Hispanic patients (AOR 0.7 (CI 0.57, 0.86)) and were higher among Hispanic than non-Hispanic White patients (AOR 1.23 (CI 1.02, 1.47)). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We did not identify a consistent pattern of race-based disparities in occult injury testing when considering the concurrent yield for abuse-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Abdoo
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, United States of America.
| | - Henry T Puls
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri- Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Matt Hall
- Children's Hospital Association, United States of America
| | - Daniel M Lindberg
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, United States of America
| | - James Anderst
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri- Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Joanne N Wood
- Division of General Pediatrics, PolicyLab and Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Margaret Tashijan
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marion R Sills
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, United States of America
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Tran N. Community Psychology's abuse of empowerment to further a white supremacist agenda. Am J Community Psychol 2024; 73:183-190. [PMID: 37073773 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When White people are predominantly in power and the discipline has yet to grapple with its own involvement in oppressive and racist ideologies, the concept of empowerment has the potential of being misused, or worse, abused. This is my experience and observation within Community Psychology (CP). In this paper, I interrogate the history of CP, especially the interplay of colonized knowledge production practices and the concept of empowerment, and uncover the use and abuse of well-meaning community psychological principles by scholars and leaders without the critical racial awareness to apply them to communities to which they do not belong. Lastly, I offer a "slash and burn" approach to starting over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Tran
- San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Huebinger R, Ketterer AR, Hill MJ, Mann NC, Wang RC, Montoy JCC, Osborn L, Ugalde IT. National community disparities in prehospital penetrating trauma adjusted for income, 2020-2021. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 77:183-186. [PMID: 38163413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While Black individuals experienced disproportionately increased firearm violence and deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic, less is known about community level disparities. We sought to evaluate national community race and ethnicity differences in 2020 and 2021 rates of penetrating trauma. METHODS We linked the 2018-2021 National Emergency Medical Services Information System databases to ZIP Code demographics. We stratified encounters into majority race/ethnicity communities (>50% White, Black, or Hispanic/Latino). We used logistic regression to compare penetrating trauma for each community in 2020 and 2021 to a combined 2018-2019 historical baseline. Majority Black and majority Hispanic/Latino communities were compared to majority White communities for each year. Analyses were adjusted for household income. RESULTS We included 87,504,097 encounters (259,449 penetrating traumas). All communities had increased odds of trauma in 2020 when compared to 2018-2019, but this increase was largest for Black communities (aOR 1.4, [1.3-1.4]; White communities - aOR 1.2, [1.2-1.3]; Hispanic/Latino communities - aOR 1.1. [1.1-1.2]). There was a similar trend of increased penetrating trauma in 2021 for Black (aOR 1.2, [1.2-1.3]); White (aOR 1.2, [1.1-1.2]); Hispanic/Latino (aOR 1.1, [1.1-1.1]). Comparing penetrating trauma in each year to White communities, Black communities had higher odds of trauma in all years (2018/2019 - aOR 3.0, [3.0-3.1]; 2020 - aOR 3.3, [3.3-3.4]; 2021 - aOR 3.3, [3.2-3.2]). Hispanic/Latino also had more trauma each year but to a lesser degree (2018/2019 - aOR 2.0, [2.0-2.0]; 2020 - aOR 1.8, [1.8-1.9]; 2021 - aOR 1.9, [1.8-1.9]). CONCLUSION Black communities were most impacted by increased penetrating trauma rates in 2020 and 2021 even after adjusting for income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Huebinger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
| | - Andrew R Ketterer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Mandy J Hill
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America.
| | - N Clay Mann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
| | - Ralph C Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Juan Carlos C Montoy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Lesley Osborn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Irma T Ugalde
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America.
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44
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Goobie GC. Neighborhood Disparities in Interstitial Lung Disease: How Do We Capture the Most Vulnerable? Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024; 21:377-380. [PMID: 38426828 PMCID: PMC10913766 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202311-959ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian C Goobie
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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45
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Gross IM, Gao Y, Lee MJ, Hipwell AE, Keenan K. The ADHD Phenotype in Black and White Girls From Childhood to Adolescence: Results From the Community-Based Pittsburgh Girls Study. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:589-599. [PMID: 38084083 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231215281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study is to describe the ADHD phenotype from childhood to adolescence in Black and White girls in a community sample. METHOD Primary caregivers enrolled in the population-based, longitudinal Pittsburgh Girls Study reported on girls' ADHD symptoms and impairment from ages 7 to 17; diagnostic subtypes were estimated based on meeting symptom criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of any subtype of ADHD ranged from 6.4 to 9.2% and from 2.3 to 6.4% for Black and White girls respectively; the inattentive subtype was most endorsed. A relatively equal number of new diagnoses at each age was observed. Persistence of ADHD diagnoses was typically 1 to 2 years. CONCLUSIONS ADHD in the community is relatively common, with the inattentive subtype as the most common phenotype for Black and White girls. Research on developmentally sensitive periods for symptom exacerbation or new onset of ADHD in girls is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yangfeifei Gao
- University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, IL, USA
| | - Mary J Lee
- University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, IL, USA
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Freeman JQ, Khwaja A, Zhao F, Nanda R, Olopade OI, Huo D. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Telemedicine Utilization and Satisfaction Among Breast Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:651-663. [PMID: 37676974 PMCID: PMC10924050 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Telemedicine has expanded rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on telemedicine utilization are lacking, and racial/ethnic disparities in utilization and satisfaction are unknown among breast cancer patients. Methods: This was a longitudinal study, with two surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021, among patients enrolled in the Chicago Multiethnic Epidemiologic Breast Cancer Cohort. Telemedicine utilization was modeled using mixed-effects logistic regression. Telemedicine satisfaction, assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, was modeled using mixed-effects proportional odds regression. Qualitative data on satisfaction were coded and analyzed using grounded theory. Results: Of 1,721 respondents, most (70.3%) were White, followed by 23.6% Black, 3.1% Asian, and 3.0% Hispanic. The median duration from breast cancer diagnosis to survey was 5.5 years (interquartile range: 2.7-9.4). In 2020, 59.2% reported telemedicine use; in 2021, 64.9% did, with a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001). Black patients had greater odds of telemedicine use than White patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-2.05). In 2020, 90.3% reported somewhat-to-extreme satisfaction; in 2021, 91.2% did, with a statistically significant, although clinically small, increase (p = 0.038). There were no racial/ethnic differences in telemedicine satisfaction between Black (AOR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.81-1.35), Asian (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.34-1.16), or Hispanic (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.33-1.21) and White patients. Major themes emerged from the respondents that explained their levels of satisfaction were convenience, safety, specialty dependence, and technical issues. Conclusions: Telemedicine utilization and satisfaction were high among breast cancer patients over time and across races/ethnicities. Telemedicine could have great potential in reducing barriers to care and promoting health equity for breast cancer patients. However, patients' perceived challenges in accessing high-quality virtual care should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincong Q. Freeman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arnaaz Khwaja
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rita Nanda
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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47
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Vazquez IM, Park M, Ferri R, Mogavero MP, DelRosso LM. Sleep and follow-up characteristics of Hispanic patients: Insights from a comparative analysis with White patients in polysomnographic split-night studies. Sleep Med 2024; 115:88-92. [PMID: 38342032 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited attention has been given to exploring the efficacy of titration in split-night polysomnography (PSG) and the factors influencing adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. This study aims to evaluate the severity of OSA and PSG parameters in HP compared to WP. METHODS Split-night PSG studies conducted on adults. Participants were categorized based on self-reported ethnicity as either HP or WP. RESULTS The study enrolled 50 WP (15 women, 35 men, mean age 60.5 ± 13.60 years, mean BMI 34.2 ± 7.48) and 45 HP (24 women, 21 men, mean age 54.9 ± 13.06 years, mean BMI 37.3 ± 7.88). HP exhibited a mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 51.1 ± 33.67, saturation nadir of 77.8 ± 10.19, and time spent with saturation <90% of 21.0 ± 26.93 min. In WP, the mean AHI was 39.2 ± 24.49, saturation nadir 81.6 ± 9.04, and time spent <90% was 10.4 ± 17.17 min. All observed differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Auto CPAP was prescribed to all patients, with adherence at 3-4 months being 75% ± 30 for HP, with a usage of 5.5 ± 2.2 h, and a residual AHI of 3 ± 3.5. In WP, adherence was 79% ± 30, usage was 5.9 ± 2.1 h, and residual AHI was 3.6 ± 6.2. None of these differences reached statistical significance. Among HP, 37% missed follow-up appointments compared to 12% of WP. More HP used full-face masks, while more WP preferred nasal masks. CONCLUSIONS HP exhibited significantly worse OSA parameters during the diagnostic phase of PSG compared to WP. HP had a significantly higher no-show percentage than WP. CPAP adherence and residual AHI were not statistically different, but more HP missed follow-up appointments than WP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel M Vazquez
- AltaMed, Family Medicine Residency Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre, Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Maria P Mogavero
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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48
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The African Caribbean Dental Association UK (ACDA UK). Br Dent J 2024; 236:369. [PMID: 38459297 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
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49
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Rojano-Ortega D, Moya-Amaya H, Berral-Aguilar AJ, Baratto P, Molina-López A, Berral-de la Rosa FJ. Development and validation of new bioelectrical impedance equations to accurately estimate fat mass percentage in a heterogeneous Caucasian population. Nutr Res 2024; 123:80-87. [PMID: 38281320 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fat mass percentage (%FM) is frequently determined by nutritionists and personal trainers with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices. The aims of the present study were: (1) to develop new regression equations using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference method for estimating %FM in a heterogeneous Caucasian population with a foot-to-hand device (BIA-101) and a hand-to-hand device (BIA-TELELAB) and (2) to compare the new equations with the manufacturers' equations. We hypothesized that the new equations would lead to more accurate estimations compared with DXA. A total of 218 healthy Caucasian participants aged 18 to 65 years were divided into a development group and a validation group. The accuracy of the different equations was assessed by mean differences, coefficient of determination, standard error of the estimate (SEE), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. The proposed equation for BIA-101 explained 90.0% of the variance in the DXA-derived %FM, with a low random error (SEE = 2.98%), excellent agreement (ICC = 0.94), no fixed bias, and relatively low individual variability (5.86%). For BIA-TELELAB, the proposed equation explained 88.0% of the variance in the DXA-derived %FM, with a low random error (SEE = 3.27%), excellent agreement (ICC = 0.93), no fixed bias, and relatively low individual variability (6.37%). The results obtained for the manufacturers' equations confirm that these equations are not a good option for %FM assessment. As hypothesized, the new regression equations for BIA-101 and BIA-TELELAB devices can accurately estimate %FM in a heterogeneous Caucasian population with a broad age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojano-Ortega
- CTS-595 Research Group. Department of Informatics and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Heliodoro Moya-Amaya
- CTS-595 Research Group. Department of Informatics and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Molina-López
- CTS-595 Research Group. Department of Informatics and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Nutrition of Udinese Calcio, Udine, Italy
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Rodgers W. Improving Waitlist Eligibility by Race and Ethnicity. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:277. [PMID: 38214925 PMCID: PMC10937014 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Rodgers
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC
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