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Matsumoto C. The necessity of investigations to clarify sex and racial disparities in pathophysiology of Long COVID. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:984-986. [PMID: 38297181 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Matsumoto
- Center for Health Surveillance & Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kop M, Kim N, Shimoda B, Unebasami E, Weldon RH, Nakasone CK. The prevalence of bilateral and ipsilateral radiographic osteoarthritis is high in White, Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders presenting for unilateral knee or hip arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2024; 144:1565-1573. [PMID: 38386068 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-024-05252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that one-third of patients presenting with unilateral joint pain have contralateral osteoarthritis (OA) at first presentation. Most studies have primarily examined White patient cohorts. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of contralateral joint OA for patients presenting for unilateral total knee (TKA), unicompartmental knee (UKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) among Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and White patients. METHODS Bilateral radiographic reports at initial presentation of 2,312 subjects who underwent unilateral arthroplasties (332 UKAs, 933 TKAs and 1,047 THAs) were reviewed. The presence of contralateral OA was recorded and compared by racial group and type of arthroplasty performed. Parametric statistical analyses were performed to determine differences between groups. Multivariable analyses were completed for each arthroplasty group to determine the influence on the presence of contralateral OA, presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Contralateral joint OA was present in 86.7%, 90.4% and 70.4% of UKA, TKA and THA patients, respectively. Concurrent hip OA was present in 41.6% and 59.5% of UKA and TKA patients. No racial differences in the prevalence of contralateral knee OA were found for knee arthroplasty patients. White patients (74.6%) had a greater prevalence of contralateral hip OA compared to Asians (66.5%, p = 0.037) amongst THA recipients. Increased age and body mass index were significantly associated with the presence of contralateral knee OA. Increased age, being male and being White were significant contributors for the presence of contralateral hip OA. CONCLUSION The prevalence of contralateral joint OA and concurrent hip OA is high in all three racial groups. Due to the extensive prevalence of contralateral and concurrent knee and hip OA, bilateral radiographic evaluation should be considered for all patients presenting with unilateral hip or knee pain due to OA.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Male
- Female
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/epidemiology
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/surgery
- Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
- Prevalence
- Knee Joint/surgery
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/epidemiology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery
- White People
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Kop
- University of Hawai'I, John A Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Nathan Kim
- University of Hawai'I, John A Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Brent Shimoda
- University of Hawai'I, John A Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Emily Unebasami
- University of Hawai'I, John A Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Rosana Hernandez Weldon
- University of Hawai'i Office of Public Health Studies, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Cass K Nakasone
- Straub Medical Center Bone and Joint Center, 888 South King Street, Honolulu, HI, 96814, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Hawai'i, John A Burns School of Medicine, 1356 Lusitana Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Zheng X, Yang M, Li W, Lin HC. The mediating roles of mental health problems and racial differences in the linkage between social media use and E-cigarette use among American youth. Prev Med 2024; 179:107842. [PMID: 38169240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social media use is shown to be linked to youth's e-cigarette use. However, less is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study examined the mediating roles of internalizing and externalizing problems in the association between youth's social media use and e-cigarette use, and the racial differences in the mediation association. METHODS The study sample included 4913 U.S. youth from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 3-5 (2015-2019). Two weighted generalized structural equation models were conducted to examine the mediation pathways between youth's social media use (Wave 3) and past-30-day e-cigarette use (Wave 5) through internalizing and externalizing problems (Wave 4), respectively. Invariance tests were conducted to examine racial group differences. RESULTS Youth with high social media use frequency were more likely to use e-cigarettes (total effect: OR = 1.20, p < 0.001 in both internalizing and externalizing models). Internalizing and externalizing problems mediated the aforementioned associations (mediation proportions: 5.05% and 5.66%, respectively). The invariance tests indicated a significant difference between White and non-White groups (both ps < 0.001), where a larger proportion of mediation was found in the non-White group (12.22% for internalizing and 11.99% for externalizing) compared to their White counterparts (2.46% for internalizing and 3.17% for externalizing). CONCLUSIONS Mental health problems following social media use served as a risk factor for e-cigarette use among youth. Interventions aiming to improve youth's mental health could in turn temper e-cigarette use among youth social media users, and implementing tailored interventions in response to racial differences is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zheng
- School of Communication and Journalism, Stony Brook University, NY, United States of America
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Wenbo Li
- School of Communication and Journalism, Stony Brook University, NY, United States of America
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America.
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Ouchida J, Nakashima H, Kanemura T, Okamoto M, Hatsushikano S, Imagama S, Le Huec JC, Hasegawa K. Racial differences in whole-body sagittal alignment between Asians and Caucasians based on international multicenter data. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:3608-3615. [PMID: 37395781 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine inherent differences adjusted for age and clinical score in whole-body sagittal (WBS) alignment involving the lower extremities between Asians and Caucasians, and to determine the relationship between age and WBS parameters by race and sex. METHODS A total of 317 individuals consisting of 206 Asians and 111 Caucasians participated. WBS parameters including C2-7 lordotic angle, lower lumbar lordosis (lower LL, L4-S), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic thickness, knee flexion (KF), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and T1 pelvic angle (TPA) were evaluated radiologically. Propensity score-matching adjustments for age and the Oswestry Disability Index scores for comparative analysis between the two race cohorts and correlation analysis between age and WBS parameters for all subjects by race and sex were conducted. RESULTS The comparative analysis included 136 subjects (age: Asians 41.1 ± 13.5, Caucasians 42.3 ± 16.2 years, p = 0.936). Racial differences in WBS parameters were observed in C2-7 lordotic angle (-1.8 ± 12.3 vs. 6.3 ± 12.2 degrees, p = 0.001), and lower LL (34.0 ± 6.6 vs. 38.0 ± 6.1 degrees, p < .001). In correlation analysis with age, moderate or more significant correlations with age were found in KF for all groups, and in SVA and TPA for females of both racial groups. Age-related changes in pelvic parameters of PI and pelvic thickness were more significant in Caucasian females. CONCLUSION Analysis of the correlation between age and WBS parameters suggested that age-related WBS changes vary between races and should be considered during corrective spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ouchida
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-Shi, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-Shi, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Tokumi Kanemura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan, Japan
| | | | | | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-Shi, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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Hatano Y, VanWagner LB, Carnethon MR, Bancks MP, Carson AP, Lloyd-Jones DM, Østbye T, Viera AJ, Yano Y. Racial difference in the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the CARDIA study. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1235-1246. [PMID: 36941389 PMCID: PMC10286118 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are prevalent diseases of metabolic origin. We examined the association between NAFLD and the development of type 2 diabetes among non-Asian adults, and whether the association differs by race. METHODS We analysed data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a population-based prospective cohort study. Participants underwent non-contrast abdominal computed tomography (CT) at baseline (2010-2011) and assessment of glucose measures at the follow-up exam (2015-2016). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤51 Hounsfield units on CT images after exclusion for other liver fat causes. Race was self-reported. We used targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) with machine-learning algorithms to estimate difference in type 2 diabetes risk between the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. RESULTS Of the 1995 participants without type 2 diabetes at baseline (mean age±SD, 50.0±3.6 years; 59% women; 55.0% White and 45.0% Black), 21.7% of White and 16.8% of Black participants had NAFLD at baseline, and 3.7% of White and 8.0% of Black participants developed type 2 diabetes at follow up. After multivariable adjustment, risk difference for type 2 diabetes associated with NAFLD vs no NAFLD was 4.1% (95% CI 0.3%, 7.9%) among White participants and -1.9% (95% CI -5.7%, 2.0%) in Black participants. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes among White participants but not among Black participants. This finding suggests that the effect of liver fat on impaired glucose metabolism may be smaller in Black than in White individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hatano
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Lisa B VanWagner
- Division of Digestive Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael P Bancks
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - April P Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Truls Østbye
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony J Viera
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Nabeshima Y, Addetia K, Asch FM, Lang RM, Takeuchi M. Application of Allometric Methods for Indexation of Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume to Normal Echocardiographic Data and Assessing Gender and Racial Differences. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2023:S0894-7317(23)00080-9. [PMID: 36791832 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender and racial differences in cardiac chamber size are vital to establish normal ranges of cardiac chamber size in healthy subjects. Many studies report either nonindexed raw measurements or measurements indexed to isometric body surface area (BSA) when establishing normal reference values. Other studies advocate allometric indexation for standardization of heart size. We compared several allometric methods on gender and racial differences in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) measured on three-dimensional echocardiography. METHODS Three-dimensional echocardiographic LVEDV data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography normal values study were indexed to isometric BSA, BSA1.5, BSA1.8, isometric height, height2.3, height2.9, and estimated lean body mass. Gender, racial, national, and regional differences in indexed and nonindexed LVEDV were assessed using Cohen's d statistic or Cohen's f statistic, according to the number of groups being compared. Cohen's d < 0.20 and Cohen's f < 0.10 were regarded as very small relative magnitudes of difference. RESULTS Differences in LVEDV among White, Black, and Asian races were smallest when BSA1.5 or BSA1.8 was used for indexation, followed by estimated lean body mass. LVEDV/BSA1.5 was nearly identical for men and women (very small, d = 0.05). However, both LVEDV/BSA1.5 and LVEDV/BSA1.8 still provided moderate relative magnitudes of difference (f = 0.22-0.37) among geographic regions. Specifically, among Asians, Indians had the smallest LVEDV/BSA1.5 (1.8). Brazilians had the smallest LVEDV/BSA1.5 (1.8) among Whites. CONCLUSIONS Gender and racial differences in LVEDV became smaller when LVEDV was indexed to BSA1.5 or BSA1.8. However, differences in LVEDV among nations remain even after applying allometric scaling. This finding suggests that differences in body composition and/or hemodynamics are potentially more important determinants of heart size than race or gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nabeshima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Karima Addetia
- Department of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Federico M Asch
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Roberto M Lang
- Department of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Masaaki Takeuchi
- Department of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Gupta K, Mehrotra V, Fu P, Scarberry K, MacLennan GT, Gupta S. Racial disparities in biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2022; 10:266-270. [PMID: 36051618 PMCID: PMC9428572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical recurrence among Black and White American men with grade group 2-5 prostate cancer managed primarily by radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS This was a single-institution, retrospective study evaluating biochemical recurrence by self-identified race. 163 patients who underwent RP at the University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center between 2015-2021 were analyzed for racial differences in age at diagnosis, clinical stage, and preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Patients were followed for PSA recurrence (PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml). Multivariate analysis was used to determine clinical and pathologic variables that were significant in predicting biochemical recurrence after RP and to determine whether race was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS). RESULTS Of 163 patients, 82 (50.3%) were Black Americans and 81 (49.7%) were White Americans with a median age of 62.7 ranging between 38.7 to 76.3 years. The grade-specific distribution of cancer 3+4 was 54.9% versus 65.4%; 4+3 was 25.6% versus 30.9%; 4+4 was 7.3% versus 2.5%; 4+5 was 12.2% versus 1.2% in Black American and White American men. Univariate analysis of BCRFS using Kaplan-Meier method demonstrated a significant difference among levels of Gleason score between Black Americans and White Americans (P = 0.041). Multivariable analysis after controlling the effects of age, Gleason score exhibited no significant difference of BCRFS comparing Black and White American men (P = 0.145). Specifically, the hazard of biochemical recurrence among Black Americans was 1.6 times (95% CI: 0.85-3.02) compared to White Americans (P = 0.145). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated a significant difference in BCRFS between Black and White American patients. Additional studies with larger sample size underlying this clinical disparity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Gupta
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Vidushri Mehrotra
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Kyle Scarberry
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Gregory T MacLennan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Xi H, Cheng GL, Hu FF, Li SN, Deng X, Zhou Y. The Use of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in a Chinese Population to Predict Cardiovascular Events. Biomed Environ Sci 2022; 35:206-214. [PMID: 35317900 DOI: 10.3967/bes2022.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore associations between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and the risk of cardiovascular events in a Chinese population, with a long-term follow-up. METHODS A random sample of 2,031 participants (73.6% males, mean age = 60.4 years) was derived from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study (APAC) from 2010 to 2011. Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The composite endpoint was a combination of first-ever stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) or all-cause death. Lp-PLA2 associations with outcomes were assessed using Cox models. RESULTS The median Lp-PLA2 level was 141.0 ng/mL. Over a median follow-up of 9.1 years, we identified 389 events (19.2%), including 137 stroke incidents, 43 MIs, and 244 all-cause deaths. Using multivariate Cox regression, when compared with the lowest Lp-PLA2 quartile, the hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for developing composite endpoints, stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events, and all-cause death were 1.77 (1.24-2.54), 1.92 (1.03-3.60), 1.69 (1.003-2.84), and 1.94 (1.18-3.18) in the highest quartile, respectively. Composite endpoints in 145 (28.6%) patients occurred in the highest quartile where Lp-PLA2 (159.0 ng/mL) was much lower than the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists recommended cut-off point, 200 ng/mL. CONCLUSION Higher Lp-PLA2 levels were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular event/death in a middle-aged Chinese population. The Lp-PLA2 cut-off point may be lower in the Chinese population when predicting cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guan Liang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fei Fei Hu
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Song Nan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Zhang L, Hsieh MC, Allison C, Devane M, Hicks C, Yu Q, Shi L, Wu J, Wu XC. Racial differences in the risk of second primary bladder cancer following radiation therapy among localized prostate cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 73:101967. [PMID: 34146916 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the race-specific second primary bladder cancer (SPBC) risk following prostatic irradiation. METHODS Louisiana residents who were diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (PCa) in 1996-2013 and received surgery or radiation were included. Patients were followed until SPBC diagnosis, death, or Dec. 2018. The exposure variable was type of treatment (radiation only vs. surgery only). The outcome was time from PCa diagnosis to SPBC diagnosis, stratified by race. Fine and Gray's competing risk model was applied with death as a competing event and adjustment of sociodemographic and tumor characteristics. We used 5 years and 10 years as lag time in the analyses. RESULTS A total of 26,277 PCa patients with a median follow-up of 10.7 years were analyzed, including 18,598 white and 7679 black patients. About 42.9 % of whites and 45.7 % of blacks received radiation. SPBC counted for 1.84 % in the radiation group and 0.90 % in the surgery group among white patients and for 0.91 % and 0.58 %, respectively, among black patients. The adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio of SPBC was 1.80 (95 % CI: 1.30-2.48) for radiation recipients compared to surgery recipients among white patients; 1.93 (95 % CI: 1.36-2.74) if restricted to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). The SPBC risk was not significantly different between irradiated and surgically treated among blacks. CONCLUSIONS The SPBC risk is almost two-fold among white irradiated PCa patients compared to their counterparts treated surgically. Our findings highlight the need for enhanced surveillance for white PCa survivors receiving radiotherapy, especially those received EBRT.
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Chu Y, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Yi F, Lu Y. Effectiveness of modifications to preadjusted appliance prescriptions based on racial dental characteristics assessed by the ABO Cast-Radiograph Evaluation: A propensity score matching study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10605. [PMID: 33520444 PMCID: PMC7812923 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because racial discrepancies in dental characteristics are known to exist, designing preadjusted appliances according to racial normal occlusion data would be expected to improve treatment results. However, whether modifications based on racial characteristics can improve treatment outcomes in the clinic remains to be investigated. Methods To study the influence of prescription type on treatment outcomes, 91 patients treated with Chinese or Roth prescription appliances were selected as an initial sample. Two groups of patients were selected by propensity score matching (1:1) to limit the effects of confounding factors, including age, sex, case complexity, and extraction plan. Discrepancy Index and cervical vertebral maturation values were used to quantify case complexity and patient age, respectively. After matching, the final sample of 60 patients consisted of two groups of 30 patients each: group 1 had been treated with a Chinese prescription appliance and group 2 had been treated with a Roth prescription appliance. ABO casts and radiograph evaluation (CR-Eval) and lateral cephalograms were utilized to compare the treatment outcomes of the two groups. Results The total ABO scores of groups 1 and 2 were 22.03 and 23.87, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in total ABO score or in seven other sub-scores; however, there was a significant difference between the two groups in mandibular canine alignment score. Conclusions There are no significant differences in overall treatment outcomes between the Chinese and Roth prescription appliances. The Chinese prescription yielded better alignment results in the mandibular canine for Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Chu
- Department of Orthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yatao Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Yi
- Department of Orthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Sempokuya T, Yokoyama-Arakaki L, Wong LL, Kalathil S. A Pilot Study of Racial Differences in the Current Definition of Sarcopenia among Liver Transplant Candidates. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 2020; 79:161-167. [PMID: 32432222 PMCID: PMC7226313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been shown to have prognostic value in patients awaiting liver transplant. However, the presence of sarcopenia as a prognostic factor among patients awaiting liver transplantation might vary by race. This study aims to assess racial differences of sarcopenia in liver transplant candidates. This retrospective study assessed 102 patients on a liver transplantation list from 2012 to 2016 and used demographic and clinical variables to predict sarcopenia as measured by skeletal muscle index (SMI) and death or removal from the transplant list. Three racial groups were compared in the study: whites (n=34), Asians (n=50), and Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs; n=18). NHOPI were more likely to have a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 and hepatitis B, and less likely to have alcoholic cirrhosis and sarcopenia than whites. Asians were more likely to have hepatitis B and less likely to have alcoholic cirrhosis and encephalopathy than other races. Using logistic regression, a BMI ≥ 30, multiple waiting list events, alcoholic cirrhosis, and sarcopenia were predictive of death or removal from the list. Although NHOPI had a higher BMI, they had less sarcopenia and similar frequency of ascites, encephalopathy, multiple waiting list events, and death or removal from the list compared to other races. Racial variations in muscle mass might have resulted in fewer NHOPI having sarcopenia as defined by the US criteria. Larger studies of patients with varying ethnicity are needed to develop a universally applicable definition of sarcopenia before we use this for liver transplant listing or allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sempokuya
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (TS, SK)
| | | | - Linda L. Wong
- Transplant Center, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (LY-A, LLW)
| | - Sumodh Kalathil
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (TS, SK)
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Naik G, Mukherjee A, Akinyemiju T, Shrestha S. Hospitalization outcomes and racial disparities in cervical cancer patients: An analysis of the national inpatient sample data from 2002 to 2014. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 63:101620. [PMID: 31634776 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about outcomes in patients after being hospitalized for care of cancer or comorbid conditions and the disparity between African-American and White cervical cancer patients. METHODS Using the national inpatient sample (HCUP-NIS) database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project between 2002-2014, we included 5217 African-American and 21,752 White patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of cervical cancer. We examined racial differences in hospitalization outcomes; length of stay (LOS) in hospital, mortality in hospital, post-operative complications in patients who underwent hysterectomy and discharge disposition. Patients were matched on age at primary diagnosis, insurance status, residential region, and median income of residential area, modified Deyo comorbidity index, stage of disease and treatment. Categorical outcomes were analyzed by conditional logistic regression accounting for matched study design and odds ratios (95%CI) were reported. LOS was analyzed using t-test and beta estimate for difference in means was reported. RESULTS The LOS was significantly lower for Whites compared to African-American cervical cancer patients when matched on demographic only (β=-0.41, p-value<0.0005, presentation + demographic (β=-0.41, p-value<0.0006) and treatment + presentation + demographic variables (β=-0.46, p-value<0.0001). White cervical cancer patients were commonly discharged to other intermediate nursing facility (OR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.20-1.41, matched on demographic only; OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.21-1.43, matched on presentation + demographic; and OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.22-1.43), matched on treatment + presentation + demographic). Similar trends were seen in both older (≥65 years) and younger (<65 years) patients, when stratified by age. CONCLUSION Disparities in hospitalization outcomes in cervical patients are not observed when different characteristics of African-American and White cervical patients are accounted for and matched.
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Lin HH, Wang JP, Lin CL, Yao YC, Wang ST, Chang MC, Chou PH. What is the difference in morphologic features of the lumbar vertebrae between Caucasian and Taiwanese subjects? A CT-based study: implications of pedicle screw placement via Roy-Camille or Weinstein method. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:252. [PMID: 31128590 PMCID: PMC6534903 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe placement of pedicle screws without jeopardizing neurovascular structures medially and anteriorly is important during spine surgery. Inferior breach of pedicle is also dangerous due to low margin of error. Lumbar morphology and identical pedicle orientation at L1 to L5 shown on CT scan of young Taiwanese patients (90 patients) were analyzed and compared with findings reported for Caucasian subjects. METHODS Previously reported techniques were employed to quantitatively elucidate the parameters regarding lumbar morphology and identical pedicle orientation at each vertebra. The parameters for pedicle angle (PA), pedicle diameter (PD), pedicle axis distance (PAD), midline axis distance (MAD), transverse pedicle axis distance (TPAD) and transverse intertangential angle (TITA) were measured. RESULTS Taiwanese subjects had different PA, PD, PAD, MAD at L1 to L5 and TITA at L3 to L5 compared with Caucasian subjects. L5 had the most convergent pedicle axis, the widest PD and the shortest antero-posterior axis morphology. CONCLUSIONS This study provides detailed information for identifying pedicle orientation during pedicle screw placement and elucidate racial differences in lumbar morphology and pedicle orientation between Taiwanese and Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jung-Pan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Yao
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Tien Wang
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chau Chang
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po-Hsin Chou
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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14
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Voltzke KJ, Lee YCA, Zhang ZF, Zevallos JP, Yu GP, Winn DM, Vaughan TL, Sturgis EM, Smith E, Schwartz SM, Schantz S, Muscat J, Morgenstern H, McClean M, Li G, Lazarus P, Kelsey K, Gillison M, Chen C, Boffetta P, Hashibe M, Olshan AF. Racial differences in the relationship between tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis of US studies in the INHANCE Consortium. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:619-630. [PMID: 29761303 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There have been few published studies on differences between Blacks and Whites in the estimated effects of alcohol and tobacco use on the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the United States. Previous studies have been limited by small numbers of Blacks. Using pooled data from 13 US case-control studies of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium, this study comprised a large number of Black HNC cases (n = 975). Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for several tobacco and alcohol consumption characteristics. Blacks were found to have consistently stronger associations than Whites for the majority of tobacco consumption variables. For example, compared to never smokers, Blacks who smoked cigarettes for > 30 years had an OR 4.53 (95% CI 3.22-6.39), which was larger than that observed in Whites (OR 3.01, 95% CI 2.73-3.33; pinteraction < 0.0001). The ORs for alcohol use were also larger among Blacks compared to Whites. Exclusion of oropharyngeal cases attenuated the racial differences in tobacco use associations but not alcohol use associations. These findings suggest modest racial differences exist in the association of HNC risk with tobacco and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Voltzke
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Jose P Zevallos
- Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology in the Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Elaine Smith
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Guojun Li
- UT-M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Chu Chen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Manning M, Albrecht TL, Yilmaz-Saab Z, Penner L, Norman A, Purrington K. Explaining between-race differences in African-American and European-American women's responses to breast density notification. Soc Sci Med 2017; 195:149-158. [PMID: 29102420 PMCID: PMC6136892 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research shows between-race differences in women's knowledge and emotions related to having dense breasts, thus suggesting that between-race differences in behavioral decision-making following receipt of breast density (BD) notifications are likely. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this study examined differences in emotion-related responses (i.e., anxiety, worry, confusion) and behavioral cognition (e.g., intentions, behavioral attitudes) following receipt of BD notifications among African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. This study also examined whether race-related perceptions (i.e., discrimination, group-based medical mistrust), relevant knowledge and socioeconomic status (SES) explained the between race differences. METHOD Michigan women (N = 457) who presented for routine screening mammogram and had dense breasts, no prior breast cancer diagnoses, and had screen-negative mammograms were recruited from July, 2015 to March 2016. MANOVA was used to examine between race differences in psychological responses (i.e., emotional responses and behavioral cognition), and a multi-group structural regression model was used to examine whether race-related constructs, knowledge and SES mediated the effect of race on emotional responses and behavioral cognition. Prior awareness of BD was accounted for in all analyses. RESULTS AA women generally reported more negative psychological responses to receiving BD notifications regardless of prior BD awareness. AA women had more favorable perceptions related to talking to their physicians about the BD notifications. Generally, race-related perceptions, SES, and related knowledge partially accounted for the effect of race on psychological response. Race-related perceptions and SES partially accounted for the differences in behavioral intentions. Between-race differences in emotional responses to BD notifications did not explain differences in women's intentions to discuss BD notifications with their physicians. CONCLUSIONS Future examinations are warranted to examine whether there are between-race differences in actual post-BD notification behaviors and whether similar race-related variables account for differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Manning
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Terrance L Albrecht
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz-Saab
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Louis Penner
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Andria Norman
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kristen Purrington
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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16
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Fujimoto N, Shiota M, Tomisaki I, Minato A. Gene Polymorphism-related Individual and Inter racial Differences in the Outcomes of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 15:337-342. [PMID: 28188049 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Among patients with prostate cancer, the prognosis after androgen deprivation therapy differs significantly among individuals and among races; however, the reasons underlying these differences are poorly understood. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes associated with prostate cancer progression or castration resistance might serve as the host factor that influences prognosis and, thus, accounts for these individual and racial gaps in treatment outcomes. Accordingly, single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with treatment outcomes could be used as predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers for patient stratification and to identify personalized treatment and follow-up protocols. The present review has summarized the genetic polymorphisms that have been reported to associate with androgen deprivation therapy outcomes among patients with prostate cancer and compared the allele frequencies among different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikko Tomisaki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akinori Minato
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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17
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Manning M, Albrecht TL, Yilmaz-Saab Z, Shultz J, Purrington K. Influences of race and breast density on related cognitive and emotion outcomes before mandated breast density notification. Soc Sci Med 2016; 169:171-179. [PMID: 27733299 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Many states have adopted laws mandating breast density (BD) notification for applicable women; however, very little is known about what women knew or felt about BD and related breast cancer (BC) risk before implementation of BD notification laws. OBJECTIVE We examined between-race differences in the extent to which having dense breasts was associated with women's related BD cognition and emotion, and with health care providers' communication about BD. METHODS We received surveys between May and October of 2015 assessing health care provider (HCP) communication about BD, BD-related knowledge, BD-related anxiety and BC worry from 182 African American (AA) and 113 European American (EA) women in the state of Michigan for whom we had radiologists' assessments of BD. RESULTS Whereas having dense breasts was not associated with any BD-related cognition or emotion, there were robust effects of race as follows: EA women were more likely to have been told about BD by a HCP, more likely to know their BD status, had greater knowledge of BD and of BC risk, and had greater perceptions of BC risk and worry; AA women had greater BD-related anxieties. EA women's greater knowledge of their own BD status was directly related to the increased likelihood of HCP communication about BD. However, HCP communication about BD attenuated anxiety for AA women only. CONCLUSION We present the only data of which we are aware that examines between-race differences in the associations between actual BD, HCP communication and BD related cognition and emotion before the implementation of BD notification laws. Our findings suggest that the BD notification laws could yield positive benefits for disparities in BD-related knowledge and anxiety when the notifications are followed by discussions with health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Manning
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Rd, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Terrance L Albrecht
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Rd, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz-Saab
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Rd, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Julie Shultz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Rd, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Kristen Purrington
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Rd, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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Abstract
In recent years, genetic analyses of congenital deficiencies of three anticoagulant proteins, antithrombin, protein C (PC) and protein S (PS), in East Asian patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) have greatly increased. The PS-K196E mutation is often identified in the Japanese population with an allelic frequency of 0.86 %, and a total of approximately 10,000 Japanese are estimated to be homozygotes. The heterozygotes show PS anticoagulant activities ranging from 40 to 110 %, and 16 % lower mean anticoagulant activity than that in wild-type individuals. Specific assay methods to identify carriers of this mutation have recently been developed. The mutation carriers are at risk of thrombosis during pregnancy but do not appear to be at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. To promote future research into this mutation and its relation to thrombosis, a thrombosis-prone mouse strain with the PS K196E mutation has been developed. We found the PS-K196E mutation and the heterozygous PS-deficiency in mice caused increased VTE, but did not cause aggravation of ischemic stroke, unlike factor V Leiden mutation. Importantly, the PS-K196E mutation is only identified in Japanese. This suggests that although East Asian populations including Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans are geographically and genetically close, the PS-K196E mutation seems to be Japanese-specific, suggesting that the mutation is a recent occurrence and fixed within the Japanese population. Some recurrent genetic mutations predisposing to VTE have been reported in Chinese and Korean populations. Although the genetic background for VTE is known to differ between populations with Caucasian descent and East Asian populations, some of the recurrent mutations differ even within the East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Miyata
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, 5658565 Japan
| | - Keiko Maruyama
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, 5658565 Japan
| | - Fumiaki Banno
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Koriyama Women's University, Koriyama, 9638503 Japan
| | - Reiko Neki
- Division of Counseling for Medical Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, 5658565 Japan ; Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, 5658565 Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths. It has over thirty different subtypes. Different races have been observed to differ in multiple aspects of melanoma. METHODS SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) data on six major subtypes, namely melanoma in situ (MIS), superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), nodular melanoma (NM), lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), acral lentiginous melanoma malignant (ALM), and malignant melanoma NOS (NOS), were analyzed. The racial groups studied included NHW (non-Hispanic white), HW (Hispanic white), Black, and Asian/PI (Pacific Islanders). Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to quantify racial differences in patients' characteristics, incidence, treatment, and survival. RESULTS Significant racial differences are observed in patients' characteristics. For all subtypes except for ALM, NHWs have the highest incidence rates, followed by HWs, while Blacks have the lowest. For ALM, HWs have the highest rate, followed by NHWs. In stratified analysis, interaction between gender and race is observed. For the first five subtypes and localized and regional NOS, the dominating majority of patients had surgery, while for distant NOS, the distribution of treatment is more scattered. Significant racial differences are observed for distant ALM and NOS. For MIS, SSM, NM, LMM, and ALM, there is no significant racial difference in survival. For NOS, significant racial differences in survival are observed for the localized and regional stages, with NHWs having the best and Blacks having the worst five-year survival rates. CONCLUSIONS Racial differences exist for the six major melanoma subtypes in the U.S. More data collection and analysis are needed to fully describe and interpret the differences across racial groups and across subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Statistics and The center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Ave., Beijing, 100872 China
| | - Yinjun Zhao
- School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College ST, LEPH 206, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Shuangge Ma
- School of Statistics and The center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Ave., Beijing, 100872 China
- School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College ST, LEPH 206, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, West Haven, CT USA
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Wong LH, Elaine H, Kong RT. Racial Differences Affecting Night Time Blood Pressure Dipping Groups in Hypertensive Patients. J Hypertens (Los Angel) 2016; 5:1000214. [PMID: 26989605 PMCID: PMC4792289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian rhythm, with dipping of BP at night. However, little has been done to show how the dipping groups vary amongst the White and Asian population at different periods of the year. This study aims to examine the pattern of nocturnal dipping between the White and Asian population, as well as to compare it to the different timings of the year, between summer and winter. METHODS Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor recordings were obtained from 220 patients, half were White patients obtained from Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland and half were Asian patients from National Heart Centre, Singapore during the summer period from May to June and the winter period from October to December. RESULTS Both the Irish and Singaporeans exhibit a decrease in total number of reverse dipper from summer to winter. However, the redistribution of reverse dipper was mainly to the dippers in Singapore, while in Ireland it was to both the extreme dipper and dipper. Irish seasonal changes also resulted in an increase in nocturnal diastolic pressure (95% CI, 0.72 to 6.03, 3.37 mm Hg; p<0.05) and a change in the duration of dipping at night (95% CI, 0.045 to 1.01, 0.53 Hours; p<0.05). CONCLUSION Regardless of race or temperature, reverse dippers seem to decrease in winter. However, the racial differences dictate the redistribution of the fall in number of dippers. This has implications on how reverse dippers should be treated at different periods of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- LH Wong
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland
,Corresponding author: 9 Bramley 1, Orchard Gardens, Dennehey’s Cross, Cork, Ireland, Tel: +353 83 446 3304;
| | - Huang Elaine
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - RT Kong
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland
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Pu J, Chewning B. Racial difference in diabetes preventive care. Res Social Adm Pharm 2013; 9:790-6. [PMID: 23246362 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has long been a leading cause of death in the United States, and worldwide. Diabetes-related preventive services are recommended to delay or to avoid diabetes complications. Racial disparity in the receipt of diabetes preventive care is well documented; however, little is known about the contributors to this disparity. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore potential mediators linking race/ethnic disparities to reduced receipt of preventive care, and to better understand the dynamics underlying the relationships between race/ethnic characteristics and preventive care. Implications for pharmacist roles are explored. METHODS This study used 2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data. The outcome of diabetes preventive care was assessed by participants' self-reports in MEPS. Household income and health insurance coverage were identified as potential mediators based on Andersen's Health Care Utilization Behavior model. Logistic regression was used to examine the direct effects of study independent variables on diabetes preventive care. Path analysis was conducted to identify racial disparities' direct and indirect effects on diabetes preventive care via potential mediators. All estimates were weighted to the U.S. non-institutionalized population. RESULTS Racial differences occurred with respect to receiving A1C tests, diabetic foot exams, and eye exams. After controlling for patient age, gender, living area, income, and health insurance status, racial differences persisted in diabetes preventive care. Hispanics were the least likely to receive all three elements of diabetes preventive care. In addition, patients were less likely to receive diabetes preventive care who were younger, lived in rural areas, had lower family income and were uninsured. A lower rate of diabetes preventive care in minority patients was partially explained by their higher rate of being uninsured or having low family income. CONCLUSION The results suggest that minority, rural, low-income, uninsured, and young diabetes patients are at a higher risk of not receiving diabetes preventive care. This study is unique in its use of path analysis to assess racial disparities in diabetes preventive care and to do so drawing on Andersen's Health Care Utilization Behavior model. In response to the disparity findings which were reinforced in this study, pharmacists have a need and an opportunity to help identify and address important gaps in diabetes preventive care through diabetes patient assessment, education, referral, and monitoring.
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Sueda S, Sasaki Y, Sakaue T. Recommendation for establishment of guidelines for Prinzmetal's variant angina and vasospastic angina in the USA and Europe. J Cardiol Cases 2012; 6:e161-e162. [PMID: 30533095 PMCID: PMC6269346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, 1-1 Hongou 3-chome, Niihama, Ehime 792-0042, Japan
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