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Chahibakhsh N, Rafieipour N, Rahimi H, RajabiNezhad S, Momeni SA, Motamedi A, Malekzadeh J, Islam MS, Mohammadi-Sartang M. Almond supplementation on appetite measures, body weight, and body composition in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13711. [PMID: 38351580 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Almond consumption has an inverse relationship with obesity and factors related to metabolic syndrome. However, the results of available clinical trials are inconsistent. Therefore, we analyzed the results of 37 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluated the association of almond consumption with subjective appetite scores and body compositions. METHODS Net changes in bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percent, fat-free mass (FFM), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subjective appetite scores were used to calculate the effect size, which was reported as a weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS This meta-analysis was performed on 37 RCTs with 43 treatment arms. The certainty in the evidence was very low for appetite indices, body fat percent, FFM, VAT, and WHR, and moderate for other parameters as assessed by the GRADE evidence profiles. Pooled effect sizes indicated a significant reducing effect of almond consumption on body weight (WMD: -0.45 kg, 95% CI: -0.85, -0.05, p = 0.026), WC (WMD: -0.66 cm, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.04, p = 0.037), FM (WMD: -0.66 kg, 95% CI: -1.16, -0.17, p = 0.009), and hunger score (WMD: -1.15 mm, 95% CI: -1.98, -0.32, p = 0.006) compared with the control group. However, almond did not have a significant effect on BMI (WMD: -0.20 kg m-2, 95% CI: -0.46, 0.05, p = 0.122), body fat percent (WMD: -0.39%, 95% CI: -0.93, 0.14, p = 0.154), FFM (WMD: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.47, 0.34, p = 0.748), WHR (WMD: -0.04, 95% CI: -0.12, 0.02, p = 0.203), VAT (WMD: -0.33 cm, 95% CI: -0.99, 0.32), fullness (WMD: 0.46 mm, 95% CI: -0.95, 1.88), desire to eat (WMD: 0.98 mm, 95% CI: -4.13, 2.23), and prospective food consumption (WMD: 1.08 mm, 95% CI: -2.11, 4.28). Subgroup analyses indicated that consumption of ≥50 g almonds per day resulted in a significant and more favorable improvement in bodyweight, WC, FM, and hunger score. Body weight, WC, FM, body fat percent, and hunger scores were decreased significantly in the trials that lasted for ≥12 weeks and in the subjects with a BMI < 30 kg/m2. Furthermore, a significant reduction in body weight and WC was observed in those trials that used a nut-free diet as a control group, but not in those using snacks and other nuts. The results of our analysis suggest that almond consumption may significantly improve body composition indices and hunger scores when consumed at a dose of ≥50 g/day for ≥12 weeks by individuals with a BMI < 30 kg/m2. CONCLUSION However, further well-constructed randomized clinical trials are needed in order ascertain the outcome of our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Chahibakhsh
- Department of Industrial Food Engineering, Basic Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | | | - Homan Rahimi
- School of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh RajabiNezhad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Motamedi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Janmohamad Malekzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi-Sartang
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Martínez-Ortega IA, Mesas AE, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Garrido-Miguel M, Jiménez-López E, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Fernández-Rodríguez R. Can different types of tree nuts and peanuts induce varied effects on specific blood lipid parameters? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38153311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2296559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Tree nuts and peanuts have shown cardioprotective effects through the modulation of blood lipid levels. Despite the abundance of scientific evidence available, it remains uncertain whether the type of nut consumed influences these changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate and rank the effects of six types of nuts on total cholesterol (total-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels through a systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA), and the estimation of SUCRA values. A total of 76 RCTs were ultimately analyzed. The total c for pistachios, almond, and walnuts; LDL-c for cashews, walnuts, and almond; and TG for hazelnuts and walnuts significantly decreased, while only peanuts exhibited a significant increase in HDL-c levels. According to the rankings, the most effective type of nut for reducing total cholesterol was pistachio, cashew for LDL-c, hazelnut for TG, and peanut for increasing HDL-c levels. It should be noted that every type of nut analyzed exhibited a significant positive impact on some parameters, and specific types demonstrated enhanced advantages for particular blood lipids. These results endorse the use of personalized nutritional strategies to address and prevent dyslipidemia.Registration: PROSPERO database CRD42021270779.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Sumislawski K, Widmer A, Suro RR, Robles ME, Lillegard K, Olson D, Koethe JR, Silver HJ. Consumption of Tree Nuts as Snacks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:5051. [PMID: 38140310 PMCID: PMC10745921 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSx) and its chronic disease consequences are major public health concerns worldwide. Between-meal snacking may be a modifiable risk factor. We hypothesized that consuming tree nuts as snacks, versus typical carbohydrate snacks, would reduce risk for MetSx in young adults. A prospective, randomized, 16-week parallel-group diet intervention trial was conducted in 84 adults aged 22-36 with BMI 24.5 to 34.9 kg/m2 and ≥1 MetSx clinical risk factor. Tree nuts snacks (TNsnack) were matched to carbohydrate snacks (CHOsnack) for energy (kcal), protein, fiber, and sodium content as part of a 7-day eucaloric menu. Difference in change between groups was tested by analysis of covariance using general linear models. Multivariable linear regression modeling assessed main effects of TNsnack treatment and interactions between TNsnack and sex on MetSx score. Age, BMI, and year of study enrollment were included variables. There was a main effect of TNsnack on reducing waist circumference in females (mean difference: -2.20 ± 0.73 cm, p = 0.004) and a trend toward reduced visceral fat (-5.27 ± 13.05 cm2, p = 0.06). TNsnack decreased blood insulin levels in males (-1.14 ± 1.41 mIU/L, p = 0.05) and multivariable modeling showed a main effect of TNsnack on insulin. Main effects of TNsnack on triglycerides and TG/HDL ratio were observed (p = 0.04 for both) with TG/HDL ratio reduced ~11%. A main effect of TNsnack (p = 0.04) and an interaction effect between TNsnack and sex (p < 0.001) on total MetSx score yielded 67% reduced MetSx score in TNsnack females and 42% reduced MetSx score in TNsnack males. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized parallel-arm study to investigate cardiometabolic responses to TNsnacks versus typical CHOsnacks among young adults at risk of MetSx. Our study suggests daily tree nut consumption reduces MetSx risk by improving waist circumference, lipid biomarkers, and/or insulin sensitivity-without requiring caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Sumislawski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Annaliese Widmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert R. Suro
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michelle E. Robles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kate Lillegard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dianna Olson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John R. Koethe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Heidi J. Silver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Houston L, Probst YC, Chandra Singh M, Neale EP. Tree Nut and Peanut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1029-1049. [PMID: 37149262 PMCID: PMC10509427 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Habitual consumption of tree nuts and peanuts is associated with cardioprotective benefits. Food-based dietary guidelines globally recommend nuts as a key component of a healthy diet. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between tree nut and peanut consumption and risk factors for CVD in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (PROSPERO: CRD42022309156). MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central databases were searched up to 26 September, 2021. All RCT studies that assessed the effects of tree nut or peanut consumption of any dose on CVD risk factors were included. Review Manager software was used to conduct a random effect meta-analysis for CVD outcomes from RCTs. Forest plots were generated for each outcome, between-study heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 test statistic and funnel plots and Egger's test for outcomes with ≥10 strata. The quality assessment used the Health Canada Quality Appraisal Tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). A total of 153 articles describing 139 studies (81 parallel design and 58 cross-over design) were included in the systematic review, with 129 studies in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significant decrease for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), TC:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) following nut consumption. However, the quality of evidence was "low" for only 18 intervention studies. The certainty of the body of evidence for TC:HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, and apoB were "moderate" because of inconsistency, for TG were "low," and for LDL cholesterol and TC were "very low" because of inconsistency and the likelihood of publication bias. The findings of this review provide evidence of a combined effect of tree nuts and peanuts on a range of biomarkers to create an overall CVD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Houston
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mamatha Chandra Singh
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Brown RC, Ware L, Gray AR, Tey SL, Chisholm A. Comparing the effects of consuming almonds or biscuits on body weight in habitual snackers: A one-year randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023:S0002-9165(23)48908-3. [PMID: 37156442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Almonds are nutrient-rich, providing a healthier alternative to many snack foods. Studies report health benefits with regular almond consumption without adverse weight gain. However, most interventions have been relatively short or have included additional dietary advice. Taking a pragmatic approach, we compared consumption of almonds versus biscuits on body weight and other health outcomes in a population of regular snackers of discretionary foods, hypothesizing the almonds will displace some of the less healthful snacks in their current diets. METHODS We randomly assigned 136 non-obese habitual discretionary snack consumers to receive almonds or biscuits daily for one-year. These isocaloric snacks provided either 10% of participants' total energy (TE) requirements or 1030 kJ (equivalent to 42.5 g almonds), whichever was greater. Anthropometry, blood biomarkers, diet, appetite, sleep, and, physical activity, were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months, and body composition and resting metabolic rate at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS The difference in changes for body weight from baseline to 12 months was not statistically significant (geometric means 67.1 kg and 69.5 kg for almonds and 66.3 kg and 66.3 kg for biscuits, P = 0.275). There were no statistically significant differences in changes for body composition or other non-dietary outcomes (all P ≥ 0.112). Absolute intakes of protein; total, polyunsaturated, and monosaturated fat; fibre; vitamin E; calcium; copper; magnesium; phosphorous; and zinc, and % TE from total monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat statistically significantly increased from baseline (all P ≤ 0.033), while % TE from carbohydrate and sugar statistically significantly (both P ≤ 0.014) decreased from baseline, in the almond compared to the biscuit group. CONCLUSIONS Almonds can be incorporated into the diets of habitual snackers to improve diet quality, without evidence for changes in body weight, compared to a popular discretionary snack food. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12618001758291 https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375610&isReview=true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Lara Ware
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Biostatistics Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alex Chisholm
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Özcan MM. A review on some properties of almond: ımpact of processing, fatty acids, polyphenols, nutrients, bioactive properties, and health aspects. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:1493-1504. [PMID: 37033309 PMCID: PMC10076465 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review was focused on the proximate compounds, nutritional values, total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, polyphenols, health aspects and uses of almond kernel and oils. Almond contained about 24-73% crude oil, 50-84% oleic and 6-37% linoleic acids, 77-3908 mg/kg β-stosterol and 5-8 mg/100 g β-tocopherol. Almonds are a good source of mono- and unsaturated fatty acids, phytochemicals, bioactive components, minerals, vitamin E, polyphenols and phytosterols and at the same time almonds have healing effects. Since almond seeds or seed oils have versatile uses, they are consumed on their own or as part of a range of food products. Almonds are considered a healthy snack when consumed due to their potential cardioprotective effects. Since the composition of almonds and its effects on health will be effective both during cultivation and processing, studies should be carried out in a way that preserves the product quality. Graphical abstract In this study, the proximate compounds, harvest and irrigation effect, nutritional values (protein, amino acids, vitamins minerals), total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, polyphenols, and uses of almond kernel and oils were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, 42079 Konya, Turkey
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Rosas M, Liu C, Hong MY. Effects of Mixed Nut Consumption on Blood Glucose, Insulin, Satiety, and the Microbiome in a Healthy Population: A Pilot Study. J Med Food 2023; 26:342-351. [PMID: 37083461 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuts contain many health-promoting nutrients, fiber, and phytochemicals. Nut consumption has been reported to improve several chronic disease risk factors. Most studies to date have investigated single variety nut consumption. A nut mixture may offer a more diverse array of nutrients over single variety nuts. The primary outcome of this study was to examine the effects of mixed nut consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and satiety in healthy young adults. Exploratory outcomes include the effects of daily nut consumption on stool microbiome and bowel movement patterns. Twenty participants were randomized to consume either 42 g of mixed nuts or 46 g of potato chips daily for 3 weeks. Mixed nut consumption did not alter postprandial blood glucose and insulin, while potato chip consumption increased glucose and insulin (P < .05). There were no significant differences in fasting blood glucose or insulin for either snack after 3 weeks of daily consumption. Both snacks increased satiety while there were no significant differences in body weight, body fat, blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, or anxiety. After 3 weeks of snack consumption, both groups significantly reduced straining during bowel movements while the mixed nut group slightly increased stool amount. There were no significant changes in microbiome composition for either group; however, there was a nonsignificant trend toward increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in the potato chip group and an opposite trend in the mixed nut group. The results of this study suggest that mixed nuts are a healthy alternative for blood sugar control. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT03375866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rosas
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Gulati S, Misra A, Tiwari R, Sharma M, Pandey RM, Upadhyay AD, Chandra Sati H. Premeal almond load decreases postprandial glycaemia, adiposity and reversed prediabetes to normoglycemia: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:12-22. [PMID: 36963852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian Indians show rapid conversion from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Novel dietary strategies are needed to arrest this progression, by targeting postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPHG). DESIGN We conducted a free-living randomized controlled open-label parallel arm study to evaluate the effect of a premeal load of almonds (20 g) 30 min before major meals on anthropometric, glycaemic, and metabolic parameters over 3 months. Sixty-six participants with prediabetes in the age range of 18-60 yrs were recruited. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration no. NCT04769726). RESULTS Thirty participants in each arm completed the study. As per 'intention-to-treat' analysis, overall additional mean reductions were statistically significant for body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds, and improved handgrip strength (Kg) (p < 0·001 for all) in the treatment arm vs. the control arm (after multiple adjustments). In the blood parameters, the additional mean reduction in the treatment arm vs. control arm was statistically significant for fasting and post-75 g oral glucose-load blood glucose, postprandial insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, proinsulin, total cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0·001 for all). Most importantly, we observed a reversal to normoglycemic state (fasting blood glucose and 2 h post-OGTT glucose levels) in 23.3% (7 out of 30) of participants in the treatment arm which is comparable to that seen with Acarbose treatment (25%). CONCLUSION Incorporation of 20 g of almonds, 30 min before each major meal leads to significant improvement in body weight, WC, glycemia (particularly PPHG), and insulin resistance and shows potential for reversal of prediabetes to normal glucose regulation over 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gulati
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India; Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India; Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India; Fortis C-DOC Centre for Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajneesh Tiwari
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
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Baer DJ, Dalton M, Blundell J, Finlayson G, Hu FB. Nuts, Energy Balance and Body Weight. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051162. [PMID: 36904160 PMCID: PMC10004756 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over several decades, the health benefits of consuming nuts have been investigated, resulting in a large body of evidence that nuts can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The consumption of nuts, being a higher-fat plant food, is restricted by some in order to minimize weight gain. In this review, we discuss several factors related to energy intake from nuts, including food matrix and its impact on digestibility, and the role of nuts in regulating appetite. We review the data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies conducted to examine the relationship between nut intake and body weight or body mass index. Consistently, the evidence from RCTs and observational cohorts indicates that higher nut consumption does not cause greater weight gain; rather, nuts may be beneficial for weight control and prevention of long-term weight gain. Multiple mechanisms likely contribute to these findings, including aspects of nut composition which affect nutrient and energy availability as well as satiety signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Baer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(301)-504-8719
| | - Michelle Dalton
- School of Psychology, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK
| | - John Blundell
- School of Psychology, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gulati S, Misra A, Tiwari R, Sharma M, Pandey RM, Upadhyay AD, Sati HC. Beneficial effects of premeal almond load on glucose profile on oral glucose tolerance and continuous glucose monitoring: randomized crossover trials in Asian Indians with prediabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:586-595. [PMID: 36732571 PMCID: PMC10169634 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid conversion from prediabetes to diabetes and frequent postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) is seen in Asian Indians. These should be the target of dietary strategies. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that dietary intervention of preloading major meals with almonds in participants with prediabetes will decrease overall glycemia and PPHG. DESIGN The study included two phases: (1) an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-based crossover randomized control study, the effect of a single premeal almond load (20 g) given before OGTT was evaluated (n = 60, 30 each period). (2) The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS)-based study for 3 days including premeal almond load before three major meals was a free-living, open-labeled, crossover randomized control trial, where control and premeal almond load diets were compared for glycaemic control (n = 60, 30 in each period). The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration no. NCT04769726). RESULTS In the OGTT-based study phase, the overall AUC for blood glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, and plasma glucagon post-75 g oral glucose load was significantly lower for treatment vs. control diet (p < 0.001). Specifically, with the former diet, PPHG was significantly lower (18.05% in AUC on OGTT, 24.8% at 1-h, 28.9% at 2-h post OGTT, and 10.07% during CGMS). The CGMS data showed that premeal almond load significantly improved 24-glucose variability; SD of mean glucose concentration and mean of daily differences. Daily glycaemic control improved significantly as per the following: mean 24-h blood glucose concentration (M), time spent above 7.8 mmol/L of blood glucose, together with the corresponding AUC values. Premeal almond load significantly decreased following: overall hyperglycemia (glucose AUC), PPHG, peak 24-h glycaemia, and minimum glucose level during night. CONCLUSION Incorporation of 20 g of almonds, 30 min before each major meal led to a significant decrease in PPHG (as revealed in OGTT-based study phase) and also improved insulin, C-peptide, glucagon levels, and improved glucose variability and glycemic parameters on CGMS in participants with prediabetes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration no. NCT04769726).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gulati
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India.,National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India.,Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India. .,National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India. .,Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India. .,Fortis C-DOC Centre for Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajneesh Tiwari
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
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11
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Shinn LM, Mansharamani A, Baer DJ, Novotny JA, Charron CS, Khan NA, Zhu R, Holscher HD. Fecal Metabolites as Biomarkers for Predicting Food Intake by Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2023; 152:2956-2965. [PMID: 36040343 PMCID: PMC9840004 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fecal metabolome is affected by diet and includes metabolites generated by human and microbial metabolism. Advances in -omics technologies and analytic approaches have allowed researchers to identify metabolites and better utilize large data sets to generate usable information. One promising aspect of these advancements is the ability to determine objective biomarkers of food intake. OBJECTIVES We aimed to utilize a multivariate, machine learning approach to identify metabolite biomarkers that accurately predict food intake. METHODS Data were aggregated from 5 controlled feeding studies in adults that tested the impact of specific foods (almonds, avocados, broccoli, walnuts, barley, and oats) on the gastrointestinal microbiota. Fecal samples underwent GC-MS metabolomic analysis; 344 metabolites were detected in preintervention samples, whereas 307 metabolites were detected postintervention. After removing metabolites that were only detected in either pre- or postintervention and those undetectable in ≥80% of samples in all study groups, changes in 96 metabolites relative concentrations (treatment postintervention minus preintervention) were utilized in random forest models to 1) examine the relation between food consumption and fecal metabolome changes and 2) rank the fecal metabolites by their predictive power (i.e., feature importance score). RESULTS Using the change in relative concentration of 96 fecal metabolites, 6 single-food random forest models for almond, avocado, broccoli, walnuts, whole-grain barley, and whole-grain oats revealed prediction accuracies between 47% and 89%. When comparing foods with one another, almond intake was differentiated from walnut intake with 91% classification accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal promise in utilizing fecal metabolites as objective complements to certain self-reported food intake estimates. Future research on other foods at different doses and dietary patterns is needed to identify biomarkers that can be applied in feeding study compliance and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Shinn
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aditya Mansharamani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David J Baer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Craig S Charron
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ruoqing Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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12
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Nikodijevic CJ, Probst YC, Tan SY, Neale EP. The Effects of Tree Nut and Peanut Consumption on Energy Compensation and Energy Expenditure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:77-98. [PMID: 36811596 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption is not associated with a higher body weight, and potential energy-regulating mechanisms may include a reduced subsequent energy intake and increased EE. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tree nut and peanut consumption on energy intake, compensation, and expenditure. PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched from inception to June 2, 2021. Human studies with adults aged ≥18 y older were included. Energy intake and compensation studies were restricted to acute effects (intervention duration of ≤24 h), whereas intervention duration was not limited for EE studies. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to explore weighted mean differences in REE. Twenty-eight articles from 27 studies (16 energy intake studies, 10 EE studies, and 1 study investigating both) with 1121 participants were included in this review, with a variety of nut types addressed (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pistachios, walnuts, and mixed nuts). Energy compensation occurred after nut-containing loads (range: -280.5% to +176.4%) and the degree of compensation varied depending on the form (whole and chopped) and how they were consumed (alone and within a meal). The meta-analyses identified a nonsignificant increase in REE associated with nut consumption (weighted mean difference: 28.6 kcal/d; 95% CI: -10.7, 67.8 kcal/d). This study provided support for energy compensation as a potential mechanism for a lack of association between nut consumption and body weight, whereas no evidence was found for EE as an energy-regulating mechanism of nuts. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021252292.
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13
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Carter S, Hill AM, Buckley JD, Tan SY, Rogers GB, Coates AM. Acute feeding with almonds compared to a carbohydrate-based snack improves appetite-regulating hormones with no effect on self-reported appetite sensations: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:857-866. [PMID: 36305961 PMCID: PMC9614749 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early satiety has been identified as one of the mechanisms that may explain the beneficial effects of nuts for reducing obesity. This study compared postprandial changes in appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite ratings after consuming almonds (AL, 15% of energy requirement) or an isocaloric carbohydrate-rich snack bar (SB). METHODS This is a sub-analysis of baseline assessments of a larger parallel-arm randomised controlled trial in overweight and obese (Body Mass Index 27.5-34.9 kg/m2) adults (25-65 years). After an overnight fast, 140 participants consumed a randomly allocated snack (AL [n = 68] or SB [n = 72]). Appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite sensations, measured using visual analogue scales, were assessed immediately before snack food consumption, and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min following snack consumption. A sub-set of participants (AL, n = 49; SB, n = 48) then consumed a meal challenge buffet ad libitum to assess subsequent energy intake. An additional appetite rating assessment was administered post buffet at 150 min. RESULTS Postprandial C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) response was 47% smaller with AL compared to SB (p < 0.001). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide AUC responses were larger with AL compared to SB (18%, p = 0.005; 39% p < 0.001; 45% p < 0.001 respectively). Cholecystokinin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, leptin and polypeptide YY AUCs were not different between groups. Self-reported appetite ratings and energy intake following the buffet did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION More favourable appetite-regulating hormone responses to AL did not translate into better self-reported appetite or reduced short-term energy consumption. Future studies should investigate implications for longer term appetite regulation. ANZCTR REFERENCE NUMBER ACTRN12618001861246 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayah Carter
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Alison M. Hill
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Buckley
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606Microbiome Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
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14
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Morvaridzadeh M, Qorbani M, Shokati Eshkiki Z, Estêvão MD, Mohammadi Ganjaroudi N, Toupchian O, Abdollahi S, Pizarro AB, Abu-Zaid A, Zadro JR, Heshmati J, Ziaei S. The effect of almond intake on cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory markers, and liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4325-4344. [PMID: 36331011 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Almond intake may be correlated with improvements in several cardiometabolic parameters, but its effects are controversial in the published literature, and it needs to be comprehensively summarized. We conducted a systematic search in several international electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov until April 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of almond consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory markers, and liver enzymes. Data were pooled using the random-effects model method and presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-six eligible trials were analyzed (n = 1750 participants). Almond intake significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very LDL (p < 0.05). The effects of almond intake on systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, C-peptide, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, C-reactive protein (CRP), hs-CRP (high sensitivity C-reactive protein), interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, ICAM (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule), VCAM (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule), homocysteine, HDL, ox-LDL, ApoA1, ApoB, and lipoprotien-a were not statistically significant (p > .05). The current body of evidence supports the ingestion of almonds for their beneficial lipid-lowering and antihypertensive effects. However, the effects of almonds on antiinflammatory markers, glycemic control, and hepatic enzymes should be further evaluated via performing more extensive randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shokati Eshkiki
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Science Reseaech Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Dulce Estêvão
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Omid Toupchian
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua R Zadro
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ziaei
- Anesthesiologist, ICU Department, Emam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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15
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Bi X, Yeo MTY, Jeyakumar Henry C. Almond paste and dietary fibre: a novel way to improve postprandial glucose and lipid profiles? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1124-1131. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2141207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Ting Yun Yeo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Puścion-Jakubik A, Grabia M, Perkowski J, Nowakowski P, Bielecka J, Soroczyńska J, Kańgowski G, Bołtryk JM, Socha K. Nuts as a Dietary Enrichment with Selected Minerals-Content Assessment Supported by Chemometric Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:3152. [PMID: 37430901 PMCID: PMC9601893 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuts used as a snack and meal accompaniment supply plant protein and fatty acids that are beneficial for human health; however, they can also provide minerals. The aim of this study was to determine the content of selected elements that are often deficient in the diet (calcium, potassium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc) in nuts and determine whether they can be used to supplement deficiencies in the diet. In this study, we analyzed 10 types of nuts (n = 120 samples) that are consumed and available for sale in Poland. The content of calcium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and flame atomic emission spectrometry was used for determination of potassium contents. The highest median calcium content was found in almonds (2825.8 mg/kg), the highest potassium content in pistachio nuts (15,730.5 mg/kg), the highest magnesium and selenium contents in Brazil nuts (10,509.2 mg/kg and 4348.7 μg/kg, respectively), and the highest zinc content in pine nuts (72.4 mg/kg). All the tested nuts are a source of magnesium, eight types of tested nuts are a source of potassium, six nut types are a source of zinc, and four nut types are a source of selenium; however, among the tested nuts, only almonds can be considered a source of calcium. Moreover, we found that selected chemometric methods can be useful in the classification of nuts. The studied nuts are valuable products that can be used to supplement the diet with selected minerals and can therefore be labelled as functional products crucial for disease prevention.
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17
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Smith DL, Hanson RL, Dickinson SL, Chen X, Goss AM, Cleek JB, Garvey WT, Allison DB. French-fried potato consumption and energy balance: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1626-1636. [PMID: 35179193 PMCID: PMC9170465 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic observations suggest increased potato consumption correlates with weight gain, adiposity, and diabetes risk, whereas nut consumption is associated with weight control and metabolic health. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) data indicate humans respond to changes in energy intake in single dietary components and compensate for extra energy consumed. OBJECTIVES We completed an RCT testing whether increased daily potato consumption influences energy balance [specifically, fat mass (FM)] compared with calorie-matched almond consumption. METHODS A 30-d RCT of 180 adults prescribed calorie-matched (300 kcal/d, n = 60 participants/group) than consumed 1 of the following: 1) almonds (almond group), 2) French fries (potato group), or 3) French fries with herb/spices mix (potato + herb/spices group). Baseline and 30-d FM were measured by DXA (primary outcome), with secondary outcomes including body weight and carbohydrate metabolism markers [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR)]. A subset of 5 participants/group participated in a postprandial meal-based tolerance test. RESULTS A total of 180 participants were randomly assigned [gender: 67.8% female; mean ± SD age: 30.4 ± 8.7 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 26.1 ± 4.2; and weight: 75.6 ± 15.4 kg], with 12 dropouts and 3 terminations. No significantly different FM changes were observed between almond and potato consumption [combined ± herb/spices; mean ± SE almond: 230.87 ± 114.01 g; potato: 123.73 ± 86.09 g; P = 0.443], fasting glucose (P = 0.985), insulin (P = 0.082), HOMA-IR (P = 0.080), or HbA1c (P = 0.269). Body weight change was not significantly different in the potato groups combined compared with the almond group (P = 0.116), but was significantly different among the 3 groups (P = 0.014; almond: 0.49 ± 0.20 kg; potato: -0.24 ± 0.20 kg; potato + herb/spices: 0.47 ± 0.21 kg). In meal tests, significantly lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses to almonds compared with potatoes were observed (P = 0.046, P = 0.006, respectively), with potato + herb/spices having intermediate effects. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences in FM or in glucoregulatory biomarkers after 30 d of potato consumption compared with almonds. Results do not support a causal relation between increased French fried potato consumption and the negative health outcomes studied. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03518515.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Resaerch, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hanson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephanie L Dickinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health—Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Xiwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health—Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Amy M Goss
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John B Cleek
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health—Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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18
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Mielmann A, Le Roux N, Taljaard I. The Impact of Mood, Familiarity, Acceptability, Sensory Characteristics and Attitude on Consumers' Emotional Responses to Chocolates. Foods 2022; 11:1621. [PMID: 35681369 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on emotions linked to sensory characteristics to understand consumers’ choice behaviour have grown in number rapidly. Internal consumer behaviour variables, namely mood, familiarity, acceptability, and attitude (MFAA), have been found to influence emotional response. The aim of this paper was to determine the impact of MFAA on consumers’ emotional responses towards chocolate as well as the effect of the sensory characteristics of chocolate on consumers’ emotional responses. Upon ethical approval, three chocolates were selected by a trained sensory panel based on 14 sensory attributes regarded relevant. Screened respondents (n = 149) completed an online survey based on the tasting of the chocolates by means of a home-use test (HUT). The questionnaire captured consumers’ mood (Quick mood scale), familiarity (QFFQ), acceptability (FACT), the sensory characteristics of the chocolate samples and emotional response (EsSense25 Profile), and lastly attitude (ACQ). Descriptive and inferential statistics were examined to answer the hypotheses of the study. The findings indicate that emotions are related to the bitter sensory attributes of chocolate and that this emotional response is influenced by MFAA variables, supporting the known fact that consumer behaviour is complex and multi-dimensional. Internal consumer behaviour variables play an important role in the emotions experienced during the consumption of chocolate. Investigating the relative importance of consumer behaviour components in sensory studies could allow for the design of food products such as chocolates based on a more “holistic” view of the consumer.
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Miguéns-Gómez A, Sierra-Cruz M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Blay MT, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Effect of an Acute Insect Preload vs. an Almond Preload on Energy Intake, Subjective Food Consumption and Intestinal Health in Healthy Young Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071463. [PMID: 35406076 PMCID: PMC9002463 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein is considered the most satiating macronutrient, and its effect on satiety and food intake is source-dependent. For the first time, we compared the effect of the administration of an insect or almond preload, both containing 20 g of protein, on appetite and food intake in human subjects. Participants consumed both foods and a vehicle as a liquid preload on three separate days. They were then offered a breakfast and lunch buffet meal at which food intake was measured. Visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaires were completed following the three preloads to assess appetite and other sensations. At breakfast, reduced energy intake was observed for both preloads compared with vehicle. At lunch, food intake only differed in the insect group, which consumed more than the vehicle. Insect preload increased the total amount of protein ingested with a slight increase in total energy consumed, differently than almond, which significantly increased total protein and energy consumed. There was no correlation between indigestion-sensation ratings and food intake. Moreover, the insect preload resulted in lower sleepiness and tiredness ratings compared with the almond preload. Thus, insect-derived protein may be suitable as a safe ingredient for snacks intended for elderly or infirm patients who require increased protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miguéns-Gómez
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977559566
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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20
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George ES, Daly RM, Tey SL, Brown R, Wong THT, Tan SY. Perspective: Is it Time to Expand Research on "Nuts" to Include "Seeds"? Justifications and Key Considerations. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1016-1027. [PMID: 35333288 PMCID: PMC9340969 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of nuts reported throughout the literature are extensive and well established for reducing the risk of, and managing several chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cognition. Despite their comparable nutrient profile to nuts, seeds are often not assessed in clinical and epidemiological studies. Interestingly, dietary guidelines and recommendations often refer to "nuts and seeds" collectively, even though they are not consistently examined together in nutrition research when determining associated health benefits. The purpose of this review is to call for future nutrition research to consider combining nuts and seeds. This review provides justification for this proposal by summarizing current definitions for nuts and seeds and highlighting the similarities or dissimilarities in their nutrient compositions. Following this, we summarize current evidence on the health benefits of nuts and seeds, research gaps that should be addressed, and considerations for future research using both epidemiological and interventional study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tommy Hon Ting Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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21
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Guarneiri LL, Paton CM, Cooper JA. Appetite responses to pecan-enriched diets. Appetite 2022; 173:106003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Caldas APS, Rocha DMUP, Dionísio AP, Hermsdorff HHM, Bressan J. Brazil and cashew nuts intake improve body composition and endothelial health in women at cardiometabolic risk (Brazilian Nuts Study): a randomized controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-38. [PMID: 35193718 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100475x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several mechanisms have been proposed for the beneficial effect of nuts on health. However, Brazil and cashew nuts remain the least studied. We aim to evaluate the effect of these nuts within an energy-restricted diet on body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic markers, and endothelial function in cardiometabolic risk women. Brazilian nuts study is a randomized controlled parallel 8-week dietary intervention trial. Forty women were randomly allocated to 1) Control group: Energy-restricted diet without nuts, n= 19 or, 2) Brazil and cashew nuts group (BN-Group): Energy-restricted diet containing daily 45 g of nuts (15 g of Brazil nuts + 30g of cashew nuts), n= 21. At the beginning and final intervention, anthropometry, body composition, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood sampling was obtained to evaluate lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and endothelial function markers. After 8-week, plasma selenium concentration increased in BN-group (∆ = + 31.5 ± 7.8 μg/L; p= 0.001). Brazil and cashew nuts intake reduced total body fat (-1.3 ± 0.4 %) parallel to improvement of lean mass percentage in BN-group compared to the control. Besides, the soluble adhesion molecule VCAM-1 decreased (24.03 ± 15.7 pg/mL vs. -22.2 ± 10.3 pg/mL; p= 0.019) after Brazil and cashew nuts intake compared to the control. However, lipid and glucose profile markers, apolipoproteins, and blood pressure remained unchanged after the intervention. Thus, the addition of Brazil and cashew nuts to an energy-restricted diet can be a healthy strategy to improve body composition, selenium status, and endothelial inflammation in cardiometabolic risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Dionísio
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, 60511-110, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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23
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Acharya BR, Sandhu D, Dueñas C, Dueñas M, Pudussery M, Kaundal A, Ferreira JFS, Suarez DL, Skaggs TH. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptome studies reveal the importance of transporters and stress signaling pathways during salinity stress in Prunus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1274. [PMID: 35075204 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-659140/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The almond crop has high economic importance on a global scale, but its sensitivity to salinity stress can cause severe yield losses. Salt-tolerant rootstocks are vital for crop economic feasibility under saline conditions. Two commercial rootstocks submitted to salinity, and evaluated through different parameters, had contrasting results with the survival rates of 90.6% for 'Rootpac 40' (tolerant) and 38.9% for 'Nemaguard' (sensitive) under salinity (Electrical conductivity of water = 3 dS m-1). Under salinity, 'Rootpac 40' accumulated less Na and Cl and more K in leaves than 'Nemaguard'. Increased proline accumulation in 'Nemaguard' indicated that it was highly stressed by salinity compared to 'Rootpac 40'. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that a higher degree of differential gene expression was controlled by genotype rather than by treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) provided insight into the regulation of salinity tolerance in Prunus. DEGs associated with stress signaling pathways and transporters may play essential roles in the salinity tolerance of Prunus. Some additional vital players involved in salinity stress in Prunus include CBL10, AKT1, KUP8, Prupe.3G053200 (chloride channel), and Prupe.7G202700 (mechanosensitive ion channel). Genetic components of salinity stress identified in this study may be explored to develop new rootstocks suitable for salinity-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswa R Acharya
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA.
| | - Christian Dueñas
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Marco Dueñas
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Manju Pudussery
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Amita Kaundal
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences (CAAS), Utah State University (USU), Logan, UT, 8432, USA
| | - Jorge F S Ferreira
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Donald L Suarez
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Todd H Skaggs
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
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24
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Acharya BR, Sandhu D, Dueñas C, Dueñas M, Pudussery M, Kaundal A, Ferreira JFS, Suarez DL, Skaggs TH. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptome studies reveal the importance of transporters and stress signaling pathways during salinity stress in Prunus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1274. [PMID: 35075204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The almond crop has high economic importance on a global scale, but its sensitivity to salinity stress can cause severe yield losses. Salt-tolerant rootstocks are vital for crop economic feasibility under saline conditions. Two commercial rootstocks submitted to salinity, and evaluated through different parameters, had contrasting results with the survival rates of 90.6% for ‘Rootpac 40’ (tolerant) and 38.9% for ‘Nemaguard’ (sensitive) under salinity (Electrical conductivity of water = 3 dS m−1). Under salinity, ‘Rootpac 40’ accumulated less Na and Cl and more K in leaves than ‘Nemaguard’. Increased proline accumulation in ‘Nemaguard’ indicated that it was highly stressed by salinity compared to ‘Rootpac 40’. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that a higher degree of differential gene expression was controlled by genotype rather than by treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) provided insight into the regulation of salinity tolerance in Prunus. DEGs associated with stress signaling pathways and transporters may play essential roles in the salinity tolerance of Prunus. Some additional vital players involved in salinity stress in Prunus include CBL10, AKT1, KUP8, Prupe.3G053200 (chloride channel), and Prupe.7G202700 (mechanosensitive ion channel). Genetic components of salinity stress identified in this study may be explored to develop new rootstocks suitable for salinity-affected regions.
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25
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Polmann G, Badia V, Danielski R, Ferreira SRS, Block JM. Non-conventional nuts: An overview of reported composition and bioactivity and new approaches for its consumption and valorization of co-products. Future Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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26
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Asbaghi O, Moodi V, Neisi A, Shirinbakhshmasoleh M, Abedi S, Oskouie FH, Eslampour E, Ghaedi E, Miraghajani M. The effect of almond intake on glycemic control: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2021; 36:395-414. [PMID: 34841609 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Number trials have evaluated the effect of almond intake on glycemic control in adults; however, the results remain equivocal. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of almond intake on glycemic parameters. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to August 2021 for trials that examined the effect of almond intake on glycemic control parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1C. Treatment effects were expressed as mean difference (MD) and the standard deviation (SD) of outcomes. To estimate the overall effect of almond intake, we used the random-effects model. In total, 24 studies with 31 arms were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that almond intake did not significantly change the concentrations of FBS, HbA1c, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. In conclusion, there is currently no convincing evidence that almonds have a clear beneficial effect on glycemic control. Future studies are needed before any confirmed conclusion could be drowned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vihan Moodi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Neisi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Abedi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini Oskouie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Eslampour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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27
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Nishi SK, Viguiliouk E, Blanco Mejia S, Kendall CWC, Bazinet RP, Hanley AJ, Comelli EM, Salas Salvadó J, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Are fatty nuts a weighty concern? A systematic review and meta-analysis and dose-response meta-regression of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13330. [PMID: 34494363 PMCID: PMC9285885 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuts are recommended for cardiovascular health, yet concerns remain that nuts may contribute to weight gain due to their high energy density. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to update the evidence, provide a dose-response analysis, and assess differences in nut type, comparator and more in subgroup analyses. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched, along with manual searches. Data from eligible studies were pooled using meta-analysis methods. Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). Certainty of the evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Six prospective cohort studies (7 unique cohorts, n = 569,910) and 86 RCTs (114 comparisons, n = 5873) met eligibility criteria. Nuts were associated with lower incidence of overweight/obesity (RR 0.93 [95% CI 0.88 to 0.98] P < 0.001, "moderate" certainty of evidence) in prospective cohorts. RCTs presented no adverse effect of nuts on body weight (MD 0.09 kg, [95% CI -0.09 to 0.27 kg] P < 0.001, "high" certainty of evidence). Meta-regression showed that higher nut intake was associated with reductions in body weight and body fat. Current evidence demonstrates the concern that nut consumption contributes to increased adiposity appears unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Nishi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Biomedical Research Centre for Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition Network (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordi Salas Salvadó
- Biomedical Research Centre for Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition Network (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Brown R, Ware L, Gray AR, Chisholm A, Tey SL. Snacking on Almonds Lowers Glycaemia and Energy Intake Compared to a Popular High-Carbohydrate Snack Food: An Acute Randomised Crossover Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:10989. [PMID: 34682735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Consuming nuts may have advantages over other snack foods for health and body-weight regulation. Suggested mechanisms include increased satiety and lower glycaemia. We used an acute randomised crossover trial to assess glycaemic and appetite responses to consuming two isocaloric snacks (providing 10% of participants’ total energy requirements or 1030 kJ (equivalent to 42.5 g almonds), whichever provided greater energy): raw almonds and sweet biscuits among 100 participants with available data (25 males and 75 females) following 106 being randomised. Two hours after consuming a standardised breakfast, participants consumed the snack food. Finger-prick blood samples measuring blood glucose and subjective appetite ratings using visual analogue scales were taken at baseline and at 15 or 30 min intervals after consumption. Two hours after snack consumption, an ad libitum lunch was offered to participants and consumption was recorded. Participants also recorded food intake for the remainder of the day. The mean area under the blood glucose response curve was statistically and practically significantly lower for almonds than biscuits (mean (95% CI) difference: 53 mmol/L.min (45, 61), p < 0.001). Only the composite appetite score at 90 min was higher in the almond treatment compared to the biscuit treatment (45.7 mm vs. 42.4 mm, p = 0.035 without adjustment for multiple comparisons). There was no evidence of differences between the snacks for all other appetite ratings or for energy intake at the ad libitum lunch. However, mean energy intakes following snack consumption were significantly lower, both statistically and in practical terms, for the almond treatment compared to the biscuit (mean (95% CI) diff: 638 kJ (44, 1233), p = 0.035). Replacing popular snacks with almonds may have advantages in terms of glycaemia and energy balance.
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29
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Ortega IA, Álvarez-Bueno C, Eumann Mesas A. Nut consumption, body weight, and adiposity in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:645-655. [PMID: 34338788 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT It seems that nut consumption does not lead to weight gain in the general population. However, fewer studies have explored this relationship in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). PURPOSE To synthesize evidence on the effects of nut (specifically, tree nuts and peanuts) consumption on adiposity-related measures in individuals diagnosed with T2D. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Four databases were searched up to December 31, 2020. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of nut consumption vs a control diet on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and percent body fat were included. DATA EXTRACTION The pooled effect sizes (p-ESs) and 95%CIs of nut consumption were estimated using random effects models. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 15 randomized controlled trials including 899 individuals were included. No significant effects of nut-enriched interventions were found for body weight (p-ES = -0.04; 95%CI: -0.16 to 0.08), body mass index (p-ES = -0.05; 95%CI: -0.17 to 0.08), waist circumference (p-ES = -0.02; 95%CI: -0.20 to 0.15), or percent body fat (p-ES = -0.03; 95%CI: -0.28 to 0.21). CONCLUSION Nut consumption has no effect, positive or negative, on weight or adiposity parameters in people with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- R. Fernández-Rodríguez and I.A. Martínez-Ortega are with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain. V. Martínez-Vizcaíno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile. M. Garrido-Miguel is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Albacete, Spain. C. Álvarez-Bueno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain and Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay. A. Eumann Mesas is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- R. Fernández-Rodríguez and I.A. Martínez-Ortega are with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain. V. Martínez-Vizcaíno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile. M. Garrido-Miguel is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Albacete, Spain. C. Álvarez-Bueno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain and Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay. A. Eumann Mesas is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- R. Fernández-Rodríguez and I.A. Martínez-Ortega are with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain. V. Martínez-Vizcaíno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile. M. Garrido-Miguel is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Albacete, Spain. C. Álvarez-Bueno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain and Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay. A. Eumann Mesas is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Isabel A Martínez-Ortega
- R. Fernández-Rodríguez and I.A. Martínez-Ortega are with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain. V. Martínez-Vizcaíno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile. M. Garrido-Miguel is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Albacete, Spain. C. Álvarez-Bueno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain and Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay. A. Eumann Mesas is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- R. Fernández-Rodríguez and I.A. Martínez-Ortega are with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain. V. Martínez-Vizcaíno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile. M. Garrido-Miguel is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Albacete, Spain. C. Álvarez-Bueno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain and Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay. A. Eumann Mesas is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- R. Fernández-Rodríguez and I.A. Martínez-Ortega are with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain. V. Martínez-Vizcaíno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile. M. Garrido-Miguel is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Albacete, Spain. C. Álvarez-Bueno is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain and Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay. A. Eumann Mesas is with the Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain, and Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Brazil
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Mesas AE, Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Ortega IA, Jiménez-López E, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. The Relationship of Tree Nuts and Peanuts with Adiposity Parameters: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072251. [PMID: 34208812 PMCID: PMC8308485 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The network meta-analysis and systematic review conducted aim to comparatively assess the effects of tree nuts and peanuts on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%). A systematic search up to 31 December 2020 was performed. A random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA-NMA statement. A total of 105 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with measures of BW (n = 6768 participants), BMI (n = 2918), WC (n = 5045), and BF% (n = 1226) were included. The transitivity assumption was met based on baseline characteristics. In the comparisons of nut consumption versus a control diet, there was no significant increase observed in any of the adiposity-related measures examined except for hazelnut-enriched diets, which raised WC. Moreover, almond-enriched diets significantly reduced WC compared to the control diet and to the pistachio-, mixed nuts-, and hazelnut-enriched diets. In subgroup analyses with only RCTs, designed to assess whether nut consumption affected weight loss, almonds were associated with reduced BMI and walnuts with reduced %BF. The evidence supports that: (1) tree nut and peanut consumption do not influence adiposity, and (2) compared to a control diet, the consumption of almond-enriched diets was associated with a reduced waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Arthur E. Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
- Health Science Centre, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-969179100 (ext. 4686)
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Isabel A. Martínez-Ortega
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 1101, Chile
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Madan J, Desai S, Moitra P, Salis S, Agashe S, Battalwar R, Mehta A, Kamble R, Kalita S, Phatak AG, Udipi SA, Vaidya RA, Vaidya AB. Effect of Almond Consumption on Metabolic Risk Factors-Glucose Metabolism, Hyperinsulinemia, Selected Markers of Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:668622. [PMID: 34249987 PMCID: PMC8264510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.668622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A large percentage of the Indian population has diabetes or is at risk of pre-diabetes. Almond consumption has shown benefits on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. This study explored the effect of almond consumption on determinants of metabolic dysfunction—blood glucose, lipids, insulin and selected inflammatory markers in adolescents and young adults aged 16–25 years from Mumbai city. This randomized controlled trial was conducted for a period of 90 days on individuals with impaired levels of fasting glucose levels between 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) and 2-h post-glucose value 140–199 mg/dL (7.8–11.0 mmol/L) and/or fasting insulin (≥15 mIU/ml)/stimulated insulin (≥80 mIU/ml). Of 1,313 individuals screened, 421 met the inclusion criteria, of which 275 consented to participate and 219 completed the trial. The trial was registered with Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI) CTRI/2018/02/011927. The almonds group (n = 107) consumed 56 g almonds daily, the control group (n = 112) was provided an iso-caloric cereal-pulse based snack. At baseline and endline, blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, LDL-c, HDL-c, total and ox-cholesterol, triglycerides, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin, leptin were measured and HOMA-IR and FG:FI ratios were calculated. Dietary intakes were assessed. The anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers as well as macronutrient intakes did not differ significantly between the two groups at baseline. Almond consumption significantly decreased HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL-c. Stimulated insulin decreased post-intervention in both groups, but the decrease was greater in the almonds group. Fasting glucose was reduced post intervention in the controls with no change in the almonds group. FG:FI ratio decreased in the almonds group. TNF-α and IL-6 decreased in the almonds group, while it increased in the control group. Our results showed that almonds reduced HbA1c, LDL-c and total cholesterol levels in just 12 weeks of consumption in these adolescents and young adults who were at risk for developing diabetes. Almonds can be considered as part of food-based strategies for preventing pre-diabetes. Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: CTRI/2018/02/011927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmeet Madan
- Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Women's University, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharvari Desai
- Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Women's University, Mumbai, India
| | - Panchali Moitra
- Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Women's University, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Shubhada Agashe
- Clinical and Endocrine Laboratory, Kasturba Health Society Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rekha Battalwar
- Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Women's University, Mumbai, India
| | - Anushree Mehta
- Kasturba Health Society Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rachana Kamble
- Kasturba Health Society Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Shobha A Udipi
- Kasturba Health Society Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Women's University, Mumbai, India
| | - Rama A Vaidya
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Kasturba Health Society Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashok B Vaidya
- Kasturba Health Society Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Dreher ML. A Comprehensive Review of Almond Clinical Trials on Weight Measures, Metabolic Health Biomarkers and Outcomes, and the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:1968. [PMID: 34201139 PMCID: PMC8229803 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive narrative review of 64 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 14 systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of almonds on weight measures, metabolic health biomarkers and outcomes, and the colonic microbiota, with extensive use of figures and tables. Almonds are a higher energy-dense (ED) food that acts like a lower ED food when consumed. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of nut RCTs showed that almonds were the only nut that had a small but significant decrease in both mean body mass and fat mass, compared to control diets. The biological mechanisms for almond weight control include enhanced displacement of other foods, decreased macronutrient bioavailability for a lower net metabolizable energy (ME), upregulation of acute signals for reduced hunger, and elevated satiety and increased resting energy expenditure. The intake of 42.5 g/day of almonds significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 10-year Framingham estimated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) medical expenditures. Diastolic blood pressure (BP) was modestly but significantly lowered when almonds were consumed at >42.5 g/day or for >6 weeks. Recent RCTs suggest possible emerging health benefits for almonds such as enhanced cognitive performance, improved heart rate variability under mental stress, and reduced rate of facial skin aging from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) B radiation. Eight RCTs show that almonds can support colonic microbiota health by promoting microflora richness and diversity, increasing the ratio of symbiotic to pathogenic microflora, and concentrations of health-promoting colonic bioactives. Almonds are a premier healthy snack for precision nutrition diet plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions, LLC, 900 S Rainbow Ranch Rd, Wimberley, TX 78676, USA
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Gervasi T, Barreca D, Laganà G, Mandalari G. Health Benefits Related to Tree Nut Consumption and Their Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115960. [PMID: 34073096 PMCID: PMC8198490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term studies with regular tree nut consumption have indicated positive outcomes for multiple health benefits. Here, we review the beneficial effects of tree nuts, highlighting the impact on glucose modulation, body weight management, cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, cognitive performance, and gut microbiota. Nuts are important sources of nutrients and phytochemicals, which, together with a healthy lipid profile, could help prevent certain chronic diseases, protect against oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve cognitive performance, thus reducing the impact of aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)906765187
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.)
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Costa MAC, Hermsdorff HHM, Caldas APS, Rocha DMUP, da Silva A, de Oliveira LL, Bressan J. Acute consumption of a shake containing cashew and Brazil nuts did not affect appetite in overweight subjects: a randomized, cross-over study. Eur J Nutr 2021. [PMID: 34037821 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies suggests that nut consumption provides satiety and may contribute to the management of obesity. However, the effect of acute intake of nuts on appetite responses remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of a shake containing 30 g of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and 15 g of Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K) on appetite responses in overweight subjects. METHODS This was a clinical, randomized, controlled, single-blind, cross-over, pilot study. On two non-consecutive test days, 15 subjects received a shake containing nuts, and a shake absent of nuts matched for energy and macronutrient content. Subjective appetite sensation was evaluated by visual analogue scales (VAS). Food intake was measured by weighing the lunch served at the end of each morning-test, which subjects ate ad libitum. Total energy intake was estimated by food records. This study is registered on the Brazilian Registers of Clinical Trials-ReBEC (protocol: U1111-1203-9891). RESULTS We observed no significant difference in subjective appetite sensations between the groups. Food intake at lunch, as well as energy intake throughout the day also did not differ between the treatments. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the acute intake of a shake containing nuts was not able to enhance satiety, compared to a shake matched for energy and macronutrient content. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the satiety mechanisms of nuts intake.
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Muley A, Fernandez R, Ellwood L, Muley P, Shah M. Effect of tree nuts on glycemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 19:966-1002. [PMID: 33141798 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to synthesize the best available research evidence regarding the effectiveness of tree nuts on glycemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. INTRODUCTION There has been an increase in the use of complementary therapy, particularly botanical products, for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been reported that increasing mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet effectively lowers the risk of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence, it was hypothesized that consumption of nuts, which are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, may aid in preventing diabetes and reducing levels of blood glucose by reducing glycemic load by displacing dietary carbohydrates present in diet. INCLUSION CRITERIA This systematic review included randomized controlled trials that compared the consumption of any type and form of tree nut with a placebo or any other intervention in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trials were included if they measured fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and/or glycated hemoglobin. Trials that assessed triglyceride levels and weight postintervention were also considered for inclusion. Trials were restricted to the English language. METHODS A three step search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Trip database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was done in July 2019. To find unpublished studies, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar were searched. Studies from the search were reviewed against the inclusion criteria by two reviewers. The JBI critical appraisal checklist for randomized controlled trials was used to assess the potential studies for methodological quality. A meta-analysis and subgroup analysis was conducted among trials with the same type of intervention and outcome measures. Results are presented in a narrative format where statistical pooling was not possible. RESULTS Fifteen trials were included with a total sample size of 667. Consumption of pistachios demonstrated a significant reduction in triglyceride levels (mmol/L) at three month or earlier follow-up (mean difference [MD] -0.28; confidence interval -0.33, -0.23; P <0.00001). The meta-analysis including all tree nuts combined showed reduction in both fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (MD -0.26 mmol/L and -0.11% respectively) at three month or earlier follow-up. The subgroup analysis demonstrated MD of -0.45, -0.16, and -0.90 mmol/L in fasting blood glucose following ingestion of walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts, respectively, and -0.17% in glycated hemoglobin following ingestion of walnuts at three month or earlier follow-up. Although not clinically significant, these figures give an indication that further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up may show encouraging results. CONCLUSIONS The authors found that pistachio consumption for three months or less significantly reduced triglyceride levels. Other tree nuts (walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts) reduced fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels by varying degrees. Further robust randomized controlled trials with power calculation-based sample size, comparing same type, dose, and method of nut intervention, will provide more evidence. For now, clinical decisions should be based on standard practice local guidelines. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42019133558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Muley
- Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, Vadodara, India
| | - Ritin Fernandez
- Centre for Evidence Based Initiatives in Health Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Ellwood
- Centre for Evidence Based Initiatives in Health Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Prasad Muley
- Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, Vadodara, India
| | - Monali Shah
- Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, Vadodara, India
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Almoraie NM, Saqaan R, Alharthi R, Alamoudi A, Badh L, Shatwan IM. Snacking patterns throughout the life span: potential implications on health. Nutr Res 2021; 91:81-94. [PMID: 34144310 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eating outside the three main meals - in other words, snacking - is a part of the dietary pattern of individuals in all stages of life. The quality and pattern of snacking have an impact on health during the life span. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate various patterns and health outcomes of the snacking habits of different demographical groups, from children to the elderly, throughout their life span. We discuss the snacking pattern among children and adolescents, which is characterized by consuming high energy foods with low nutrient value, and which is associated with increased risk of obesity. During university years, study stress and lack of time were obstacles to a healthy dietary pattern involving nutritious snacks, although awareness of the importance of healthy snacks was higher in this group than among younger age groups. Employment status and skipping regular meals were important factors affecting snacking quality and patterns in adulthood. Unhealthy snacks, high in energy, sugar, and salt and low in nutrients, were demonstrated to have a negative impact on individuals' health, such as oral health, blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. In conclusion, encouraging individuals to consume healthy snacks that are high in nutrients through education to help them plan for their snacks is important to enhance health and reduce disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Almoraie
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rula Saqaan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Alharthi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alamoudi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Badh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M Shatwan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tan SY, Georgousopoulou EN, Cardoso BR, Daly RM, George ES. Associations between nut intake, cognitive function and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in older adults in the United States: NHANES 2011-14. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:313. [PMID: 34001034 PMCID: PMC8127249 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuts are nutrient-rich and reported to provide some cognitive and cardiometabolic health benefits, but limited studies have focused on older adults. This study investigated the cross-sectional relationship between habitual nut intake, dietary pattern and quality, cognition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in older adults. METHODS Older adults (≥ 60 years) from the NHANES 2011-12 and 2013-14 cohorts, who had complete data on cognitive function (as CERAD total, delayed recall, animal fluency and digit-symbol substitution test) and variables to calculate the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), an indicator of NAFLD, were included (n = 1848). Nut intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2015) were determined using two 24-hour diet recalls. Participants were categorised into one of four groups based on their habitual nut intake: non-consumers (0 g/d), low intake (0.1-15.0 g/d), moderate intake (15.1-30.0 g/d) or met recommendation (> 30 g/d), with all outcomes compared between these nut intake groups. RESULTS Cognitive scores of older adults were the lowest in non-consumers and significantly highest in the moderate intake group, with no further increase in those who consumed nuts more than 30 g/d (p < 0.007). FLI was the lowest among older adults with moderate nut intake but the associations disappeared after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.329). Moderate nut intake was also associated with better immediate and delayed memory in older adults with high risk of NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) (B = 1.84 and 1.11, p < 0.05 respectively). Higher nutrient intake and better diet quality (p < 0.001) were seen with higher nut intake but did not influence energy from saturated fat intake. Factor analysis revealed 'Nuts and oils' as one of the four major dietary patterns associated with better cognition and lower FLI scores. CONCLUSIONS Moderate nut intake (15.1-30.0 g/d) may be sufficient for better cognitive performance, but not NAFLD risk of older adults in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Yen Tan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, 3220, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, New South Wales, 2010, Darlinghurst Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara R Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, 3220, Geelong, Australia
| | - Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, 3220, Geelong, Australia
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Hunter SR, Considine RV, Mattes RD. Almond consumption decreases android fat mass percentage in adults with high android subcutaneous adiposity but does not change HbA1c in a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2021;:1-12. [PMID: 33955348 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521001495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if the mixed evidence of almond consumption on HbA1c stems from testing people with different body fat distributions (BFD) associated with different risks of glucose intolerance. A 6-month randomised controlled trial in 134 adults was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to the almond (A) or control (C) group based on their BFD. Those in the almond group consumed 1·5 oz of almonds with their breakfast and as their afternoon snack daily. Those in the control group continued their habitual breakfast and afternoon snack routines. Body weight and composition were measured and blood samples were collected for determination of HbA1c, glycaemia and lipaemia at 0 and 6 months. Appetite ratings, energy intake and diet quality were collected at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. Participants consuming almonds ingested 816 (sem 364) kJ/d more than participants in the control group (P = 0·03), but this did not result in any differences in body weight (A: –0·3 (sem 0·4), C: –0·4 (sem 0·4); P > 0·3). Participants in the almond, high android subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) group had a greater reduction in android fat mass percentage (A: –1·0 (sem 0·6), C: 1·1 (sem 0·6); P = 0·04), preserved android lean mass percentage (A: 0·9 (sem 0·6), C: –1 (sem 0·6); P = 0·04) and tended to decrease android visceral adipose tissue mass (A: –13 (sem 53) g, C: 127 (sem 53) g; P = 0·08) compared with those in the control, high SAT group. There were no differences in HbA1c between groups (A: 5·4 (sem 0·04), C: 5·5 (sem 0·04); P > 0·05). Thus, BFD may not explain the mixed evidence on almond consumption and HbA1c. Long-term almond consumption has limited ability to improve cardiometabolic health in those who are overweight and obese but otherwise healthy.
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Eslampour E, Moodi V, Asbaghi O, Ghaedi E, Shirinbakhshmasoleh M, Hadi A, Miraghajani M. The effect of almond intake on anthropometric indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2021; 11:7340-7355. [PMID: 32857083 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00470g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of almond intake on anthropometric indices in adult subjects. We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases until January 2020 to identify relevant RCTs. Data were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and standard deviations (SDs) to show the magnitude of effects of almond on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM). Out of 2983 reports, 28 RCTs (37 arms) were eligible for including in our meta-analysis. The pooled results, obtained using a random-effects model, showed that almond intake significantly decreased BW (WMD: -0.38 kg, 95% CI: -0.65, -0.10, p = 0.007, I2 = 30.5%) and FM (WMD: -0.58 kg, 95% CI: -0.87, -0.28, p < 0.001, I2 = 4.9%). However, we found no significant effect of almond administration on BMI (WMD: -0.30 kg m-2, 95% CI: -0.67, 0.06, p = 0.101, I2 = 62.6%), WC (WMD: -0.60 cm, 95% CI: -1.28, 0.06, p = 0.078, I2 = 0.0%), and FFM (WMD: 0.23 kg, 95% CI: -0.04, 0.50, p = 0.097, I2 = 49.5%). Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that resveratrol almond intake significantly reduced weight and FM, but did not affect BMI, WC, and FFM. Further studies are still required to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Eslampour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Vihan Moodi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. and The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Asbaghi O, Moodi V, Hadi A, Eslampour E, Shirinbakhshmasoleh M, Ghaedi E, Miraghajani M. The effect of almond intake on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:1882-1896. [PMID: 33586744 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A number of clinical trials have examined the effect of almond intake on lipid profile in recent years; however, the results remain equivocal. Therefore, the present study aims to summarize and quantitatively examine the available evidence on the effectiveness of almond intake on lipid parameters by employing a systematic review and meta-analytic approach. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to September 2020 for randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of almond intake on lipid profile in adults. Treatment effects were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and the corresponding standard error (SE) in the concentrations of serum lipids. To estimate the overall effect of almond intake, we employed the random-effect model. In total, 27 studies with 36 effect sizes were included in our analysis (1154 cases and 904 control subjects). The meta-analysis revealed that almond intake significantly changed the concentrations of triglycerides (WMD = -6.68 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -11.62, -1.75, p = 0.008), total cholesterol (WMD = -4.92 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -7.81, -2.03, p = 0.001), and low-density lipoproteins (WMD = -5.65 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -8.75, -2.55, p < 0.001); however it did not have a significant effect on high-density lipoprotein (WMD = -0.21 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -1.26, 0.84, p = 0.697) levels. Meta-regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between the dose of almond and change in TG (P = 0.021). This meta-analysis concludes that almond intake can significantly reduce lipid parameters. To draw straightforward conclusions regarding generalized recommendations for almond intake for improving lipid profile, there is a need for more well-controlled trials exclusively targeting patients with dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Vihan Moodi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Eslampour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. and The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Bakhshi B, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors modifies the association between nut consumption and metabolic syndrome incidence. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4055-4064. [PMID: 33642144 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of nut consumption and its various types with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk and to investigate whether lifestyle factors (physical activity and smoking status) and socioeconomic status (education and occupation) modulate the association of nut consumption and the risk of MetS. METHODS We prospectively studied 1915 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study, among whom 591 were diagnosed with MetS during 8.9 years of follow-up. Nut consumption and its various types were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate Hazard Ratios (HRs) for MetS events across tertiles of nut consumption and its various types. Regarding interaction between nut consumption and physical activity levels, education levels, and smoking status on the risk of MetS, using joint classification, the effect modification of lifestyle factors and socioeconomic status on the association between nut consumption (<median and ≥ median) and risk of MetS was assessed by Cox regression. RESULTS Nut consumption was inversely associated with MetS risk in multivariable-adjusted models. The highest tertiles of the constituents of nuts including fiber, polyphenol, MUFA and PUFA reduced MetS risk compared with the lowest tertiles, after adjustment for confounders. Among various types of nuts, the multivariable-adjusted HRs of MetS were 0.78 (0.63-0.96) for walnuts, and 0.77 (0.63-0.94) for pistachios, compared with the lowest intake. Among adult population, consuming nuts higher than the median and having moderate to high physical activity levels resulted in significant reduction in the MetS risk (HRs: 0.74, CI: 0.55-0.98 for moderate and HRs: 0.63, CI: 0.47-0.86 for high physical activity level). Participants who did not smoke had lower risk of MetS regardless of their amount of nuts consumption (HRs: 0.67, CI: 0.47-0.94 for intakes < median and HRs: 0.71, CI: 0.53-0.93 for intakes ≥ median). Stratification based on education status resulted in reduction in the risk of MetS in participants consuming nuts ≥ median in both educated and not-educated group (HRs: 0.81, CI: 0.66-0.98 for the non-educated group and HRs: 0.63, CI: 0.47-0.84 for the educated group). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating nuts, especially walnuts, into dietary patterns reduced the risk of MetS, especially among individuals with more physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Bakhshi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Noce A, Di Lauro M, Di Daniele F, Pietroboni Zaitseva A, Marrone G, Borboni P, Di Daniele N. Natural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020630. [PMID: 33669163 PMCID: PMC7919668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation characterized by a plethora of comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. All MetS comorbidities participate to induce a low-grade inflammation state and oxidative stress, typical of this syndrome. MetS is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and early death, with an important impact on health-care costs. For its clinic management a poly-pharmaceutical therapy is often required, but this can cause side effects and reduce the patient's compliance. For this reason, finding a valid and alternative therapeutic strategy, natural and free of side effects, could represent a useful tool in the fight the MetS. In this context, the use of functional foods, and the assumption of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), could exert beneficial effects on body weight, blood pressure and glucose metabolism control, on endothelial damage, on the improvement of lipid profile, on the inflammatory state, and on oxidative stress. This review focuses on the possible beneficial role of NBCs in the prevention and in the clinical management of MetS and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (G.M.); Tel. + 39-06-2090-2194 (A.N.); +39-06-2090-2191 (G.M.)
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Francesca Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (G.M.); Tel. + 39-06-2090-2194 (A.N.); +39-06-2090-2191 (G.M.)
| | - Patrizia Borboni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
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Frankenfeld CL. Fecal Bacteria as an Addition to the Lineup of Objective Dietary Biomarkers. J Nutr 2021; 151:273-274. [PMID: 33326570 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Karimi Z, Firouzi M, Dadmehr M, Javad‐Mousavi SA, Bagheriani N, Sadeghpour O. Almond as a nutraceutical and therapeutic agent in Persian medicine and modern phytotherapy: A narrative review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2997-3012. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimi
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- School of Persian Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mojdeh Firouzi
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- School of Persian Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Majid Dadmehr
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- School of Persian Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Javad‐Mousavi
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Najmeh Bagheriani
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- School of Persian Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghpour
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- School of Persian Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Hou L, Rashid M, Chhabra M, Chandrasekhar B, Amirthalingam P, Ray S, Li Z. The effect of Bertholletia excelsa on body weight, cholestrol, and c-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 57:102636. [PMID: 33271300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE(S) Bertholletia excelsa is a rich herbal source of anti-oxidants and phenols. The goal of this study is to evaluation the effect of bertholletia excelsa nut on body weight, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of sciences databases by two reviewers up to October 2019. Random effect model used to combine results. RESULTS Six studies included in analysis with 71 participants. The population was public population. Pooled results showed Bertholletia excelsa have reduction effect on triglyceride weighted mean difference (WMD: -8.23 mg/dl, 95 % CI -15.09, -1.38, I² = 0%), Cholesterol (WMD: -14.31 mg/dl, 95 % CI -23.38, -5.24, I² = 47 %), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -9.27 mg/dl, 95 % CI -13.48, -5.06, I² = 0%). CONCLUSION This study provided an evidence that Bertholletia excelsa nuts have reduction effect on triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Muhammed Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagar, 571448, Karnataka, India
| | - Manik Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Boya Chandrasekhar
- Creative Educational Society's College of Pharmacy, Andra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sujoy Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Zhenzuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth people's Hospital of Jinan City, No.50 Normal Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China.
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Choo JM, Tran CD, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Stonehouse W, Bowen J, Johnson N, Thompson CH, Watson EJ, Brinkworth GD, Rogers GB. Almond consumption affects fecal microbiota composition, stool pH, and stool moisture in overweight and obese adults with elevated fasting blood glucose: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res 2020; 85:47-59. [PMID: 33444970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Regular almond consumption has been shown to improve body weight management, lipid profile and blood glucose control. We hypothesized that almond consumption would alter fecal microbiota composition, including increased abundance and activity of potentially beneficial bacterial taxa in adults who are overweight and obese with elevated fasting blood glucose. A total of 69 adults who were overweight or obese with an elevated plasma glucose (age: 60.8 ± 7.4, BMI ≥27 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 to <7.0 mmol/L) were randomized to daily consumption of either 2 servings of almonds (AS:56 g/day) or an isocaloric, high carbohydrate biscuit snack for 8 weeks. AS but not biscuit snack experienced significant changes in microbiota composition (P= .011) and increases in bacterial richness, evenness, and diversity (P< .01). Increases in both the relative and absolute abundance of operational taxonomic units in the Ruminococcaceae family, including Ruminiclostridium (false discovery rate P = .002), Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 (P = .002) and Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 (P = .002) were the principal drivers of microbiota-level changes. No changes in fecal short chain fatty acid levels, or in the carriage of the gene encoding butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (an enzyme involved in butyrate synthesis) occurred. Almond consumption was not associated with reduced gut permeability, but fecal pH (P= .0006) and moisture content (P = .027) decreased significantly in AS when compared to BS. Regular almond consumption increased the abundance of potentially beneficial ruminococci in the fecal microbiota in individuals with elevated blood glucose. However, fecal short-chain fatty acid levels remained unaltered and the capacity for such microbiological effects to precipitate host benefit is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Choo
- Microbiome & Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Cuong D Tran
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Welma Stonehouse
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jane Bowen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Nathan Johnson
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Lidcombe 2141, Australia
| | | | - Emma-Jane Watson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Grant D Brinkworth
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde 2113, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome & Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Plaz Torres MC, Bodini G, Furnari M, Marabotto E, Zentilin P, Giannini EG. Nuts and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Are Nuts Safe for Patients with Fatty Liver Disease? Nutrients 2020; 12:E3363. [PMID: 33139607 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle interventions are the recommended treatment for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with the aim of achieving a 7-10% weight loss. Several dietary patterns have been suggested for this purpose, however, to date, the best one is represented by the Mediterranean diet (MD) as it is rich in macro- and micro- nutrients known for their effectiveness in health-promotion and cardio-vascular disease prevention. Moreover, MD is characterized by the inclusion of nuts. These foods have shown potential benefits in health-promotion as they are rich in fibers, which have lipid-lowering effects, rich in mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which help reduce insulin-resistance and serum cholesterol, and contain anti-oxidants which reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, nuts are associated with a better control, or reduction, of Body Mass Index (BMI). All these effects are useful targets to achieve in NAFLD, so that nuts have been proposed as a suitable dietary treatment supplement for weight and metabolic control in these patients. In recent years, health authorities raised an alert on nuts consumption as these may be at high risk of aflatoxin (AF) contamination, for which controls and legislations are different among countries. AF is a well-known cancerogenic agent and a recognized risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with NAFLD have an overall, inherent sevenfold increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma as compared with the general population. In this context, one could argue that recommending the inclusion of nuts in the diet of NAFLD patients has to be balanced with the risk of potential chronic exposure to AF, and every effort should be pursued to assure the safety of these nutrients. In this review, we aim to summarize the benefits of nuts consumption, the evidence for AF contamination of nuts and the consequent potential risks in patients with NAFLD.
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Adesanmi AR, Malomo SA, Fagbemi TN. Nutritional quality of formulated complementary diet from defatted almond seed, yellow maize and quality protein maize flours. Food Prod Process and Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Traditional complementary foods are mainly starchy foods with limiting nutrient quality and can be fortified using protein rich crops like almond seed. This research thus aimed at investigating the nutritional quality of the formulated complementary diet from locally available almond seeds (Prunus amygdalus), high quality protein (QPM) and yellow maize after blending into flours. The proximate and amino acid compositions, in vitro protein qualities and functional properties of the blended flours were determined using standard methods. The in vivo studies involved feeding the weanling Wister albino rats with blended flours and commercial Cerelac (control), followed by hematological and histopathological determinations, while sensory attributes were evaluated by the semi-trained panelists. The protein contents of the flour blends (24–28%) were significantly (p < 0.05) better with adequate indispensable amino acids and improved functionalities than commercial cerelac (23%). Comparatively, the dried germinated QPM (DGQPM) has significant (p < 0.05) higher biological value (~ 37%) than fermented high QPM (FHQPM) (~ 30%), thereby indicating that the germination process improved protein quality of the diets. Besides, the in vivo data showed a positive effect of germination process as the rats fed with DGQPM has low white blood cells (30 × 102) compared to FHQPM (42 × 102) and cerelac (51 × 102). However, the fermentation process improved the packed cell volume of rats fed with FHQPM (49%) when compared to DGQPM and cerelac (47%). The formulated diets have no negative effects on the protein content (45.19–51.88 mg N/g) and weight (0.25–1.36 g) of the internal organs (liver, kidney and tissue) of the animals when compared to cerelac (53.72–55.04 mg N/g; 0.25–1.98 g), respectively. The panelists generally accepted all the formulated diets, hence encouraging their utilization in the global preparation of complimentary foods for young children to meet their nutritional needs and adding value to the locally produced underutilized almond seeds.
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Shinn LM, Li Y, Mansharamani A, Auvil LS, Welge ME, Bushell C, Khan NA, Charron CS, Novotny JA, Baer DJ, Zhu R, Holscher HD. Fecal Bacteria as Biomarkers for Predicting Food Intake in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2020; 151:423-433. [PMID: 33021315 PMCID: PMC7849973 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet affects the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Blood and urine samples have been used to determine nutritional biomarkers. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on the utility of fecal biomarkers, including microbes, as biomarkers of food intake. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify a compact set of fecal microbial biomarkers of food intake with high predictive accuracy. METHODS Data were aggregated from 5 controlled feeding studies in metabolically healthy adults (n = 285; 21-75 y; BMI 19-59 kg/m2; 340 data observations) that studied the impact of specific foods (almonds, avocados, broccoli, walnuts, and whole-grain barley and whole-grain oats) on the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Fecal DNA was sequenced using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Marginal screening was performed on all species-level taxa to examine the differences between the 6 foods and their respective controls. The top 20 species were selected and pooled together to predict study food consumption using a random forest model and out-of-bag estimation. The number of taxa was further decreased based on variable importance scores to determine the most compact, yet accurate feature set. RESULTS Using the change in relative abundance of the 22 taxa remaining after feature selection, the overall model classification accuracy of all 6 foods was 70%. Collapsing barley and oats into 1 grains category increased the model accuracy to 77% with 23 unique taxa. Overall model accuracy was 85% using 15 unique taxa when classifying almonds (76% accurate), avocados (88% accurate), walnuts (72% accurate), and whole grains (96% accurate). Additional statistical validation was conducted to confirm that the model was predictive of specific food intake and not the studies themselves. CONCLUSIONS Food consumption by healthy adults can be predicted using fecal bacteria as biomarkers. The fecal microbiota may provide useful fidelity measures to ascertain nutrition study compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Shinn
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aditya Mansharamani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Loretta S Auvil
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael E Welge
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - Colleen Bushell
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Craig S Charron
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - David J Baer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Guarneiri LL, Cooper JA. Intake of Nuts or Nut Products Does Not Lead to Weight Gain, Independent of Dietary Substitution Instructions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:384-401. [PMID: 32945861 PMCID: PMC8009751 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical interventions report that consuming nuts will not cause weight gain. However, it is unclear if the type of instructions provided for how to incorporate nuts into the diet impacts weight outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published nut-feeding trials with and without dietary substitution instructions to determine if there are changes in body weight (BW) or composition. PubMed and Web of Science were searched through 31 December 2019 for clinical trials involving the daily consumption of nuts or nut-based snacks/meals by adults (≥18 y) for >3 wk that reported BW, BMI, waist circumference (WC), or total body fat percentage (BF%). Each study was categorized by whether or not it contained dietary substitution instructions. Within these 2 categories, an aggregated mean effect size and 95% CI was produced using a fixed-effects model. Quality of studies was assessed through the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Fifty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. In studies without dietary substitution instructions, there was no change in BW [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.01 kg; 95% CI: -0.07, 0.08; I2 = 0%] or BF% (SMD: -0.05%; 95% CI: -0.19, 0.09; I2 = 0%). In studies with dietary substitution instructions, there was no change in BW (SMD: -0.01 kg; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.09; I2 = 0%); however, there was a significant decrease in BF% (SMD: -0.32%; 95% CI: -0.61%, -0.03%; I2 = 35.4%; P < 0.05). There was no change in BMI or WC for either category of studies. Nut-enriched diet interventions did not result in changes in BW, BMI, or WC in studies either with or without substitution instructions. Slight decreases in BF% may occur if substitution instructions are used, but more research is needed. Limitations included varying methodologies between included studies and the frequency of unreported outcome variables in excluded studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana L Guarneiri
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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