1
|
Lee K, Lee D, Lee G, Lee W, Lee KG. Antibacterial, antioxidant activities of lactic acid bacteria-bioconversioned almond extract. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1487-1493. [PMID: 38585564 PMCID: PMC10992223 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was about bioconversion of almonds by lactic acid bacteria. There are two bacteria used for bioconversion of almond extract: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC14917 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG KCTC5033. Almond extract (AE) was inoculated with L. plantarum or L. rhamnosus GG for 3 days. AE inoculated with L. plantarum (LP-AE) and AE inoculated with L. rhamnosus GG (LR-AE) inhibited the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium and the growth of Yersinia enterocolitica by 30 and 75%, respectively compared to AE. LR-AE inhibited 30% of biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium and Y. enterocolitica compared to AE. Antioxidative activity of LP-AE and LR-AE was determined using the 2,2'-zino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assay. ABTS radical scavenging activity of AE, LP-AE and LR-AE was 53.50%, 80.39% and 83.57%, respectively. The highest level of total polyphenol (89.72 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g) and flavonoid (194.56 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QCE)/g) contents was found in LR-AE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiha Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 400-820 Republic of Korea
| | - Daehyeop Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 400-820 Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhak Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 400-820 Republic of Korea
| | - Woorin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 400-820 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Geun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 400-820 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang P, Sheng Y, Samadi M. Effects of almond consumption on lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:128-135. [PMID: 34624199 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1987477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of almond consumption on the lipid profiles of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Eligible trials were searched from four electronic databases until Jan 2020. Five eligible articles were included in the final quantitative analysis. Overall, meta-analysis could not show any beneficial effect of almond consumption on total cholesterol (TC) weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.65 mg/dL, 95% CI: -7.52-8.82, p = .87), triglyceride (TG; WMD: 1.59 mg/dL, 95% CI: -21.77-24.96, p = .89), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; WMD: -5.40 mg/dL, 95% CI: -13.30-2.50, p = .18), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; WMD: 1.57 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.95-4.10, p = .22). However, subgroup analyses showed that serum LDL-C levels were significantly reduced in trials administered > 50 g/d almond. The data suggest that consumption of almond could not improve lipid profile in patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- The People's No.1 Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingtao Sheng
- The People's No.1 Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mehnoosh Samadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernandez-Santana V, Rodriguez-Dominguez CM, Sebastian-Azcona J, Perez-Romero LF, Diaz-Espejo A. Role of hydraulic traits in stomatal regulation of transpiration under different vapour pressure deficits across five Mediterranean tree crops. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:4597-4612. [PMID: 37115664 PMCID: PMC10433928 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The differential stomatal regulation of transpiration among plant species in response to water deficit is not fully understood, although several hydraulic traits have been reported to influence it. This knowledge gap is partly due to a lack of direct and concomitant experimental data on transpiration, stomatal conductance, and hydraulic traits. We measured sap flux density (Js), stomatal conductance (gs), and different hydraulic traits in five crop species. Our aim was to contribute to establishing the causal relationship between water consumption and its regulation using a hydraulic trait-based approach. The results showed that the species-specific regulation of Js by gs was overall coordinated with the functional hydraulic traits analysed. Particularly relevant was the negative and significant relationship found between the Huber value (Hv) and its functional analogue ratio between maximum Js and gs (Jsmax/gsmax) which can be understood as a compensation to maintain the hydraulic supply to the leaves. The Hv was also significantly related to the slope of the relationship between gs and Js response to vapour pressure deficit and explained most of its variability, adding up to evidence recognizing Hv as a major trait in plant water relations. Thus, a hydraulic basis for regulation of tree water use should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Hernandez-Santana
- Irrigation and Ecophysiology Group. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Celia M Rodriguez-Dominguez
- Irrigation and Ecophysiology Group. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime Sebastian-Azcona
- Irrigation and Ecophysiology Group. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Felipe Perez-Romero
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, Avenida del Ejercito s/n. 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Irrigation and Ecophysiology Group. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes, 41012 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wax N, La-Rostami F, Albert C, Fischer M. Variety Differentiation: Development of a CRISPR DETECTR Method for the Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Cacao ( Theobroma cacao) and Almonds ( Prunus dulcis). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2023; 16:1-11. [PMID: 37359895 PMCID: PMC10251332 DOI: 10.1007/s12161-023-02500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To prevent food fraud, products can be monitored by various chemical-analytical techniques. In this study, we present a CRISPR-Cpf1 DETECTR-based assay for the differentiation of plant ingredients in sweet confectionary like fine and bulk-cocoa, or bitter and sweet almonds. To enable rapid in-field analysis, the trans-cleavage activity of the Cpf1 enzyme was used to develop a DETECTR (DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter) assay for simple, highly specific fluorometric detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The endonuclease Cpf1 requires the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) 5'-TTTV-3' for activation, but the recognition sequence is freely programmable. The SNPs were selected to alter the Cpf1 specific PAM sequence. As a result, sequences that do not carry the canonical PAM sequence are not detected and thus not cut. The optimized system was used for both raw material and processed products such as cocoa masses or marzipan with a limit of detection of 3 ng template DNA. In addition, we were able to implement the system in the context of an LFA (lateral flow assay) to serve as a basis for the development of rapid test systems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12161-023-02500-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wax
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Farshad La-Rostami
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chenyang Albert
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Özcan MM. A review on some properties of almond: ımpact of processing, fatty acids, polyphenols, nutrients, bioactive properties, and health aspects. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:1493-1504. [PMID: 37033309 PMCID: PMC10076465 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review was focused on the proximate compounds, nutritional values, total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, polyphenols, health aspects and uses of almond kernel and oils. Almond contained about 24-73% crude oil, 50-84% oleic and 6-37% linoleic acids, 77-3908 mg/kg β-stosterol and 5-8 mg/100 g β-tocopherol. Almonds are a good source of mono- and unsaturated fatty acids, phytochemicals, bioactive components, minerals, vitamin E, polyphenols and phytosterols and at the same time almonds have healing effects. Since almond seeds or seed oils have versatile uses, they are consumed on their own or as part of a range of food products. Almonds are considered a healthy snack when consumed due to their potential cardioprotective effects. Since the composition of almonds and its effects on health will be effective both during cultivation and processing, studies should be carried out in a way that preserves the product quality. Graphical abstract In this study, the proximate compounds, harvest and irrigation effect, nutritional values (protein, amino acids, vitamins minerals), total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, polyphenols, and uses of almond kernel and oils were summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, 42079 Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hariri M, Amirkalali B, Baradaran HR, Gholami A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of almond effect on C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in adults. Complement Ther Med 2023; 72:102911. [PMID: 36535459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The previous articles have shown that the almond might reduce the serum concentration of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the studies reported in this article aimed to assess the almond effect on serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in adults. METHOD AND MATERIALS To find the related English-language studies, an electronic search was run in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane library with no time limit (up to August 2022). The effect sizes were calculated based on the mean changes for both intervention and comparison groups. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to determine the summary of overall effects and their heterogeneity. Cochran's Q test and I-squared statistic were used to explore the statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, eleven studies were included in this study. The overall estimate indicated that the almond consumption had no significant effect on serum CRP level (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.28 mg/l, 95 % confidence interval (CI): - 0.81, 0.25; p = 0.29). Regarding IL-6, almond consumption significantly decreased serum IL-6 level (WMD = -0.1 pg/ml, 95 % CI: -0.15, -0.05; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The overall results support the beneficial effects of almond consumption on serum concentration of IL-6; but even so, our study revealed that the almond consumption non-significantly reduced serum concentration of CRP. We still need more well-designed trials to confirm the beneficial effects of almond.
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo B, Mohammad WT, Jalil AT, Saleh MM, Al-Taee MM, Alshahrani MY, Mohammed NM, Heydani A. Effects of almond intake on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2023; 73:102935. [PMID: 36842635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that almonds can improve oxidative stress indices, but the results are controversial. Therefore, the goal of this research was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of all RCTs that evaluated the effect of almonds on selected oxidative stress indices. METHODS A systematic search was conducted up to April 2022 on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We have selected the studies that investigated the effects of almonds on malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) levels in adults. Data were pooled by using the random-effects model. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. RESULTS Seven RCTs involving 424 participants were analyzed. The results indicated that almond intake led to a significant decrease in MDA levels (WMD: - 6.63 nmol/ml; 95 % CI: - 8.72 to - 4.54; P < 0.001). However, no significant effect was observed on Ox-LDL (Hedges' g: - 0.12; 95 % CI: - 0.34 to 0.10; P = 0.28). Sensitivity analysis showed that overall estimates were not affected by the elimination of any study. We did not observe any evidence regarding publication bias. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that almond intake can improve MDA levels and might play a beneficial role in the reinforcement of the antioxidant defense system and amelioration of oxidative stress in adults. There is a need for more studies with larger groups to better estimate this effect.
Collapse
|
8
|
Torii A, Seki Y, Arimoto C, Hojo N, Iijima K, Nakamura K, Ito R, Yamakawa H, Akiyama H. Development of a simple and reliable LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously detect walnut and almond as specified in food allergen labelling regulations in processed foods. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100444. [PMID: 36699117 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a simple and reliable analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to simultaneously detect walnut and almond as specified in regulations for food allergen labelling in processed foods. Five specific target peptides derived from walnut 2S albumin and 7S globulin and three target peptides from almond 11S globulin were selected by analysing several varieties of walnut and almond, eight kinds of other nuts, and ten kinds of major allergen ingredients or cereals. The limit of detection for the walnut 2S albumin peptide GEEMEEMVQSAR (m/z 698.3 [precursor] > 316.1 [product]) was 0.22 ± 0.02 μg/g, and that for almond 11S globulin peptide GNLDFVQPPR (m/z 571.8 [precursor] > 369.2 [product]) was 0.08 ± 0.02 μg/g when extracted walnut and almond protein were spiked into butter cookie chocolate ice cream. These peptides had good linearity (R2 > 0.999) for each calibration curve with a range of 0.1-50 μg/mL protein concentration in the sample solutions, and sufficient recovery rates (90.4-101.5%) from the spiked samples. The developed analytical approach is applicable to a wide variety of processed foods for food allergen labelling.
Collapse
|
9
|
González-Zamora JE. Pest mites and their interaction with Phytoseiidae and other arthropod predators in an almond orchard in South-West Spain. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 88:165-177. [PMID: 36329292 PMCID: PMC9633028 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The almond crop in Spain has increased in importance in recent years and consequently there is a need to improve knowledge about pests, diseases, and weeds. The present study was conducted from 2017 to 2020, with the objective of determining the fauna of spider mites and their natural enemies, with a special emphasis on phytoseiids. The main spider mite species was Tetranychus urticae Koch, and secondary species were Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) and Eutetranychus banksii (McGregor). Phytoseiidae were the most abundant group of natural enemies, with 59% of the individuals observed; Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) was the predominant species, accounting for 96% of adult females identified, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas Swirski & Ragusa accounted for the remaining 4%. Other (potential) natural enemies were Chrysopidae, Scolothrips longicornis Priesner, and Stethorus sp. with 36, 2, and 3%, respectively, of the natural enemy individuals. The seasonal pattern of T. urticae indicated population peaks from July to September, and its control was based on miticides in most seasons. Euseius stipulatus and T. athenas appeared mainly in May-June and did not show interaction with the spider mite population. Chrysopidae were present throughout the season, from May to October in the 4 years, but no direct relationship with the spider mite population was observed. In contrast, the seasonal pattern of both S. longicornis and Stethorus sp. coincided with the most important peaks of spider mites and these predators were seen in the spider mite colonies, although in very low numbers. The importance of these latter specialized spider mite predators and ways to strengthen them are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José E González-Zamora
- Department of Agronomía, Universidad de Sevilla - Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aydın Y. Quantification of water requirement of some major crops under semi-arid climate in Turkey. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13696. [PMID: 35821896 PMCID: PMC9271273 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey is located in semi arid climate zone and therefore requires an efficient water use. Well-planned irrigation with optimum water required by the crops is essential for the limited water resources of the region. The numerical tool CROPWAT of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was used for modelling efficient irrigation of local crops pistachio, olive, almond and grape without reducing the yield. Local climatic, soil, plant and rainfall information were used as inputs to CROPWAT model to predict the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) values. The crop water requirement (CWR) for pistachio, olive, almond, and grape was calculated as 1,294.0 mm, 659.4 mm, 790.2 mm, and 752.0 mm, respectively, The number of irrigation needed during growth stages was determined as eight for pistachio, three for olive, six for almond and five for grape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Aydın
- Nizip Vocational Training School Department of Plant and Animal Production Organic Farming Programme Samandöken Village-Nizip/GAZİANTEP, Gaziantep University, Nizip, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buatong A, Meidong R, Trongpanich Y, Tongpim S. Production of plant-based fermented beverages possessing functional ingredients antioxidant, γ-aminobutyric acid and antimicrobials using a probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain L42g as an efficient starter culture. J Biosci Bioeng 2022:S1389-1723(22)00153-0. [PMID: 35764446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based probiotic beverages have gained increasing interest due to demand from health-conscious consumers. In this study, we aimed to isolate and screen lactic acid bacteria possessing functional properties for use as a starter culture of fermented almond and coix beverages. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L42g isolated from fermented beef was selected. Both intact cells and cell free supernatant of this strain exhibited high antioxidant activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging at 38.2% and 44.9%, respectively. L. plantarum L42g grown in MRS broth supplemented with 1% (w v-1) monosodium glutamate (MSG) produced a large amount of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at 496.7 μg mL-1. Moreover, strain L42g displayed remarkable antibacterial activity against several potential foodborne bacterial pathogens, including Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria inocua, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Shigella sp., Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Strain L42g also possessed additional probiotic properties including abilities to tolerate gastrointestinal conditions, adhere to gut mucosa, co-aggregate with pathogens, be susceptible to antibiotics, and produce protease. Probiotic strain L42g was subsequently employed in fermenting almond and coix juices containing MSG (1%) supplementation. Levels of antioxidant, GABA and antibacterial formation along with cell growth were clearly higher in fermented almond juice than in fermented coix juice. Nonetheless, both fermented almond and coix juices meet the standards required for the consumption of fermented beverages. Therefore, L. plantarum strain L42g represents a promising starter culture for producing functional plant-based probiotic beverages.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Wang J, Ayup M, Yang B, Guo C, Gong P, Dong W. The proteome reveals the involvement of serine/threonine kinase in the recognition of self- incompatibility in almond. J Proteomics 2022; 256:104505. [PMID: 35123051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The self-incompatibility recognition mechanism determines whether the gametophyte is successfully fertilized between pollen tube SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box-RBX1) protein and pistil S-RNase protein during fertilization is unclear. In this study, the pistils of two almond cultivars 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil' were used as the experimental materials after self- and nonself/cross-pollination, and pistils from the stamen-removed flowers were used as controls. We used fluorescence microscopy to observe the development of pollen tubes after pollination and 4D-LFQ to detect the protein expression profiles of 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil' pistils and in controls. The results showed that it took 24-36 h for the development of the pollen tube to 1/3 of the pistil, and a total of 7684 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the pistil after pollinating for 36 h, of which 7022 were quantifiable. Bioinformatics analysis based on the function of DAPs, identified RNA polymerases (4 DAPs), autophagy (3 DAPs), oxidative phosphorylation (3 DAPs), and homologous recombination (2 DAPs) pathways associated with the self-incompatibility process. These results were confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), protein interaction and bioinformatics analysis. Taken together, these results provide the involvement of serine/threonine kinase protein in the reaction of pollen tube recognition the nonself- and the self-S-RNase protein. SIGNIFICANCE: Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) is controlled by the highly polymorphic S locus or S haplotype, with two linked self-incompatibility genes, one encoding the S-RNase protein of the pistil S-determinant and the other encoding the F-box/SLF/SFB (S haplotype-specific F-box protein) protein of the pollen S-determinant. The recognition mechanism between pollen tube SCF protein and pistil S-RNase protein is divided into nonself- and self-recognition hypothesis mechanisms. At present, two hypothetical mechanisms cannot explain the recognition between pollen and pistil well, so the mechanism of gametophytic self-incompatibility recognition is still not fully revealed. In this experiment, we investigated the molecular mechanism of pollen-pistil recognition in self-incompatibility using self- and nonself-pollinated pistils of almond cultivars 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil'. Based on our results, we proposed a potential involvement of the MARK2 (serine/threonine kinase) protein in the reaction of pollen tube recognition of the nonself- and the self-S-RNase protein. It provides a new way to reveal how almond pollen tubes recognize the self and nonself S-RNase enzyme protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, Liaoning, China; Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue 115009, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, Liaoning, China
| | - Mubarek Ayup
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Chunmiao Guo
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China.
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Raimondo ML, Lops F, Carlucci A. First report of Phaeoacremonium amygdalinum associated with almond dieback and wood disease in Italy. Plant Dis 2021; 105:4166. [PMID: 34100651 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0565-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) Webb) cultivation areas in the region of Apulia (southern Italy) have increased. A recent survey in young almond orchards recorded characteristic disease symptoms including rapid collapse of branches, chlorosis of leaves (with sudden wilting and death) in June/July, and bud and shoot dieback in December-March. Internal wood symptoms on stems consisted of brown vascular streaking that led to death of young apical shoots within a few weeks. Wood samples were collected and taken to the laboratory, where they underwent disinfection according to Fisher et al. (2002). Fungal isolation techniques were applied, with small pieces of wood tissue (0.5-1.0 cm) placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA; Oxoid Ltd.) supplemented with 300 mg/L streptomycin sulphate, and incubated at 23 ±2 °C in the dark. After 10 days, based on morphological features carried out by microscopic studies, 85% (n = 55) of the resulting fungal colonies (N = 65) were preliminarily attributed to known fungal pathogens of woody tissues, of which 12.4% (n = 8) belonged to the Phaeoacremonium genus. These last were purified by transferring single germinating conidia onto fresh PDA plates. In particular, the conidiophores were mostly short, usually unbranched, erect to flexuous, up to 5-septate, brown to pale brown, verruculose on the lower part, (12-)15.7-41(-55) (av. -29) μm long and 1.6-3.2 (av. 2.1) μm wide (n = 30). Conidia hyaline, oblong ellipsoidal-obovoid or subcylindrical (3-)4-5 μm long and 1.5-3 (av. = 4.4 × 2.1) μm wide (n =30). All Phaeoacremonium isolates were successfully subjected to genomic DNA extraction, according to Carlucci et al. (2013). Partial actin and β-tubulin genes were amplified with the ACT-513F/ACT-783R (Carbone and Kohn 1999) and T1 (O'Donnell and Cigelnik 1997) and Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson 1995) primers, respectively. Consensus sequences were compared with reference strains (extype) in the GenBank database, using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). In particular, all isolates showed 99-100% similarity with reference strains of Phaeoacremonium amygdalinum Gramaje, Armengol & L. Mostert (JN191301; JN191305). Actin and β-tubulin sequences of P. amygdalinum strain Pm10 were deposited in GenBank (MW716265; MW714562). In spring 2020, artificial inoculations with two isolates of P. amygdalinum (Pm10; Pm15) were carried out on 10 healthy, 2-year-old almond seedlings of cv. 'Filippo Cea'. Agar plugs (diameter, 0.3-0.5 cm) taken from 10-day-old cultures grown on PDA at 23 ±2 °C were inserted into small wounds under the bark of the stems (length, 0.4-1.0 cm) made with a sterile scalpel. After inoculation, the wounds were wrapped with wet sterile cotton wool and sealed with Parafilm. Ten almond seedling were used as controls, being inoculated with sterile agar plugs. The experiment was replicated three times. The inoculated young almond plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse without temperature control. After 150 days, the inoculated plants showed decline symptoms and internal longitudinal brown wood streaking (average, length, 2.7-6.4 cm). Phaeoacremonium amygdalinum was reisolated from symptomatic wood of 95% of the experimental almond seedlings, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. No symptoms were observed on almond seedling used as controls. Phaeoacremonium amygdalinum was first described as a fungal pathogen of almond in Spain (Gramaje et al., 2012). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. amygdalinum associated with almond dieback disease in Italy. References Carbone I. and Kohn L.M. 1999. Mycologia 91:553. Carlucci A. et al. 2013. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 52:517. Fisher et al 2002. Mycol. Prog. 1:315 Glass N. L. and Donaldson G. C. 1995. J. Cl. Microbiol. 41:1332. Gramaje et al. 2012. Persoonia 28:1. O'Donnell K. and Cigelnik E. 1997. Mol. Phylogenetics Evol 7:103.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Raimondo
- University of Foggia, 18972, Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, Foggia, Puglia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Lops
- University of Foggia, 18972, Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, Foggia, Puglia, Italy;
| | - Antonia Carlucci
- University of Foggia, 18972, Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, Foggia, Puglia, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anaraki N, Beyraghi AH, Raisi A, Davoodi F, Farjanikish G, Sadegh AB. The effect of aqueous extract of Prunus dulcis on tibial bone healing in the rabbit. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:362. [PMID: 34098995 PMCID: PMC8183070 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone fractures are medical emergencies that require prompt intervention to help return bone to its normal function. Various methods and treatments have been utilized to increase the speed and efficiency of bone repair. This study aimed to investigate the treatment effects of Prunus dulcis aqueous extract on tibial bone healing in rabbits. METHODS All animals were distributed in five groups with six rats in each group, including the sham group, the control group in which tibial lesion was made and received distilled water, treatment groups with 150 mg kg-1, 300 mg kg-1 doses of Prunus dulcis extract, and osteocare treated group. Biochemical blood factors including calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (on days 0, 10, 30, and 50), biomarkers of oxidative stress such as GPx, CAT, and MDA (on days 10 and 30), radiological evaluation, histopathological parameters, and osteocalcin immunohistochemical expression were assessed. RESULTS The data showed calcium levels in the treatment groups increased significantly from day 10 to day 50, respectively, and blood phosphorus levels decreased from day 10 to day 50 in the treatment groups. Alkaline phosphatase initially increased and then decreased in treatment groups. In the treatment groups, GPx and CAT levels significantly increased, and the serum amount of MDA reduced. The best antioxidant results were related to the extract-treated group with a higher dose. Radiographic score was significantly higher in the treatment groups than the control group on day 30. Based on the pathological findings, the healing occurred faster in the extract-treated group with a higher dose. Osteocalcin expression was significantly higher in the control group than that in the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Prunus dulcis extract with a dosage of 300 mg/kg accelerated tibial bone healing in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Anaraki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Beyraghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Raisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Farshid Davoodi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran. .,Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Ghasem Farjanikish
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amin Bigham Sadegh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lim J, Kim E, Shin Y, Ryu JH, Kim H. Antimicrobial activity of ClO 2 gas against Salmonella Enteritidis on almonds. Food Microbiol 2021; 99:103819. [PMID: 34119104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuts, including almonds, are occasionally contaminated with Salmonella spp. In this study, we used chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas to inactivate S. enterica subsp. Enterica serovar Enteritidis on almonds. Almonds inoculated with a single strain of S. Enteritidis (8.95 log cfu/mL) were exposed to ClO2 gas generated from 1.0 or 1.5 mL ClO2 solution in a sealed container at 50 or 60 °C (43% relative humidity) for up to 10 h. The concentration of ClO2 gas peaked at 354-510 and 750-786 ppm within 0.5 h upon deposition of 1.0 and 1.5 mL of aqueous ClO2, respectively, and gradually decreased thereafter. Population of S. Enteritidis on almonds treated at 50 °C decreased to 1.70-2.32 log cfu/sample within 1 h of exposure to ClO2 gas and decreased to below the detection limit (1.7 log cfu/sample) at all ClO2 concentrations after 8 h. At 60 °C, the microbial population fell below the detection limit within 1 h, regardless of the volume of ClO2 solution supplied. Microbial survival on almonds treated with ClO2 gas and stored at 12 or 25 °C was observed for up to 8 weeks and the organism was not recovered from the almonds treated for 10 h and stored at 12 °C for 2-8 weeks. The lightness (L value) and redness (a value) of almonds treated for 10 h were not changed by ClO2 gas treatment, but yellowness (b value) increased. Results showed that Salmonella on almonds was successfully inactivated by ClO2 gas treatment and the microbial survival did not occur during storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoikyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq S, Tambe S, Mohzari Y, Alrashed A, Najib Alajami H, Othman Aljohani A, Ali Al Mushtawi A, Sultan Alenazy M, Fahad Alamer R, Khalid Alanazi A, Imam Rabbani S. Anti-obesity potential of almond (Prunus dulcis) in experimental animals under cafeteria and atherogenic diets. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4062-4068. [PMID: 34220264 PMCID: PMC8241617 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Natural dietary supplements are progressively getting famous to supplant synthetic substances particularly in chronic morbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of almond on the normal, Cafeteria, and Atherogenic diets. Materials and methods Parameters such as change in body weight, body temperature, lipid profile, organ weights, and fat pad weights were assessed. Central Nervous System related studies (Despair Swim test and Elevated Plus maze test) were also performed to comprehend the effect of the diets, and almond on the brain. All of the experimental animals were randomly assigned to one of three diet categoriesregular, cafeteria, or atherogenic, and fed those diets for 40 days. Each diet had the control group, standard drug group and three almond groups (low dose: 50; medium dose: 100 and high dose: 200 mg/kg body weight). Body weight was recorded every alternate day. On 40th day, body temperature was measured. On day 41, lipid parameters, organ weights, fat pad weights and the CNS parameters were evaluated. ANOVA followed by Duncans Multiple Range Test were used for statistical analysis. Results Treatment of animals with either a low or high dose of almond as well as a standard herb prevented a rise in body weight significantly (p = 0.01) in all three diet groups. When a regular diet was replaced with a cafeteria and atherogenic diet, the serum levels of triglycerides and LDL increased significantly, while HDL levels decreased significantly. Overall, almond preparation reduced lipid parameters, organ weights, fat-pad weights, and stabilized CNS parameters substantially. Interpretation & conclusion The almond high dose was the most effective of all the almond preparations. Our study suggests that chronic administration of almond independently reduces the body weight in experimental animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shrey Tambe
- Department of Pharmacology, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Yahya Mohzari
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alrashed
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, Inpatient Department, Main Hospital, KFMC, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan Najib Alajami
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Othman Aljohani
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ali Al Mushtawi
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Sultan Alenazy
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Fahad Alamer
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajead Khalid Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Penumarti A, Szczepanski N, Kesselring J, Gabel E, Sheth R, Berglund J, Kim EH, Burks AW, Kulis MD. Irradiated Tree Nut Flours for Use in Oral Immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021; 9:321-327. [PMID: 33217614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tree nut allergies affect an estimated 1% of the US population and is lifelong in 90% of allergic individuals. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergies is an effective method to induce desensitization in a majority of participants in trials of peanut, egg, and milk OIT. Limited trials using tree nut OIT have been reported, possibly due to the lack of standardized drug products. OBJECTIVE Food products used in OIT are considered drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because they are intended to modulate the individuals' immune responses to the food allergens. As such, OIT drug products must meet FDA standards for acceptable levels of microbes and undergo testing for allergenic proteins. We aimed to determine the suitability of walnut, cashew, hazelnut, and almond flours for use in OIT trials. METHODS We employed gamma irradiation on commercially available walnut, cashew, hazelnut, and almond flours and tested their levels of microbial contamination, total protein, and allergen content, along with stability of these parameters over time. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that irradiation of tree nut flours greatly diminishes the levels of total aerobic bacteria, mold, yeast, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella, whereas there are no substantial changes in total protein or allergen content. Importantly, the microbial levels, protein, and allergen content remained stable over a 24-month period. CONCLUSION Irradiation of tree nut flours is a safe and effective method of processing to allow tree nut products to meet the FDA standards for OIT drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Penumarti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Nicole Szczepanski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Janelle Kesselring
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth Gabel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rohini Sheth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jelena Berglund
- Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Edwin H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael D Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khademi A, Mansuri P, Pahlevan D, Bozorgi M, Nasiri M, Hejazi S, Azizian Z, Shirbeigi L. Efficacy of Pumpkin Ointment in Treatment of Chronic Hand Eczema: A Randomized, Active-Controlled, Double Blind Clinical Trial. Iran J Public Health 2020; 49:1339-1347. [PMID: 33083301 PMCID: PMC7548497 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Hand Eczema (HE) is chronic skin disease with a high prevalence in population. It has negative impact on the quality of life. Due to the public interest in herbal remedies, we attempt to assess the efficacy of pumpkin ointment in treatment of chronic HE in this research. Methods This study was conducted in an outpatient clinic at Imam-Khomeini Hospital in Tehran (Iran) from May 2015 to Nov 2016. We performed a double-blind trial on 60 patients with chronic HE randomized to four groups included pumpkin, betamethasone, eucerin and almond ointment (n=15 for each group) for 28 days. Patients were ordered to apply ointments twice a day. Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) of the patients were evaluated by a dermatologist on the 1st, 14th and 28th d after the start of treatment. Results Patients' DLQI scores in pumpkin and betamethasone group was significant and pumpkin group showed a better response in quality of life (P=0.001). Betamethasone and pumpkin ointment were effective and showed significant improvement compared with almond and eucerin and reduce HECSI scores (P=0.002 and P=0.012 respectively). Betamethasone ointment outcome on HECSI scores in comparison with topical pumpkin was significant (P<0.001). No clinically adverse effects were observed. Conclusion Although pumpkin ointment showed a better response in patients' DLQI in HE but it was less effective than betamethasone in decreasing HECSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alemeh Khademi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mansuri
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daryoush Pahlevan
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Bozorgi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Nasiri
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hejazi
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azizian
- Department of Dermatology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laila Shirbeigi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bottone A, Montoro P, Masullo M, Pizza C, Piacente S. Metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of the polar fraction of Italian almonds (Toritto and Avola): Analysis of seeds, skins, and blanching water. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113518. [PMID: 32798920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of almonds along with their ability to prevent atheroschlerosis as well as cardiovascular and diabetes risks are well known. Previous works were focused mainly on the lipid fraction, thus a lack of information about the polar constituents still persists. In order to provide deeper insight into the chemical composition of almond, the polar fraction of Italian almond cultivars (Toritto and Avola) was investigated. The MeOH extract of the Toritto cultivar was submitted to LC-ESI-(HR)MS/MS experiments, highlighting the occurrence of several compounds, mainly cyanogenic glycosides, glycosylated flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and a diterpene glycoside. EtOH and EtOH:H2O solution were also employed for extractions, resulting selective for flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, while cyanogenic glycosides were mainly detected in EtOH:H2O extract. Almonds were also blanched to afford skins and blanching water which were analyzed by LC-ESI-(HR)MS/MS experiments in order to establish the source of the identified compounds. Cyanogenic glycosides were detected in the peeled almonds, while flavonoids and proanthocyanidins were detected in almond skins and blanching water. The LC-ESI-(HR)MS/MS analyses of the almonds of the Avola cvs (Fascionello, Pizzuta and Romana) were compared with those of the Toritto cv., showing clear differences in their metabolome, probably due to the different growing conditions. Finally, total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of the extracts and blanching waters were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and by DPPH and ABTS+ assays, highlighting interesting antioxidant properties possessed by almond skins and blanching water, suggesting their potential employment in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutical formulations.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nemati A, Riahi E. Does feeding on pollen grains affect the performance of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) during subsequent generations? Bull Entomol Res 2020; 110:449-456. [PMID: 31813387 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a critical component of the mass-rearing of biological control agents, but the impacts of diet are not always immediately obvious and can take several generations to manifest, resulting in poor survival, reproduction, and ability to kill prey under natural conditions. Our present study aimed to investigate the performance of a commercially-reared phytoseiid mite, Amblyseius swirskii, after four (G4) and six (G6) consecutive generations on pollen grains of two plant species, as well as its ability to find and kill its natural prey, Tetranychus urticae, after long-term rearing on each diet. We found no significant difference between the two diets in intrinsic and finite rates in G4. However, both diet and generation exerted a significant influence on the fecundity of A. swirskii. By G6, females reared on almond pollen had greater net reproductive and intrinsic rate compared to those reared on maize pollen. Conversely, A. swirskii fed on maize pollen consumed fewer prey than those reared on other diets, especially at higher prey densities. The findings have important implications for developing the mass-rearing program of A. swirskii on non-prey diets. Further research must explore the suitability of almond pollen in the large-scale culture of A. swirskii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nemati
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Riahi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Lee Bravatti MA, Johnson EJ, Raman G. Daily almond consumption in cardiovascular disease prevention via LDL-C change in the U.S. population: a cost-effectiveness analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:558. [PMID: 32334551 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the health claim that 1.5 oz (42.5 g) of nut intake may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have focused on the cost-effectiveness of other foods or dietary factors on primary cardiovascular disease prevention, yet not in almond consumption. This study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of almond consumption in cardiovascular disease primary prevention. Perspective & Setting This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of consuming 42.5 g of almond from the U.S. healthcare sector perspective. Methods A decision model was developed for 42.5 g of almond per day versus no almond consumption and cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population. Parameters in the model were derived from the literature, which included the probabilities of increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, developing acute myocardial infarction and stroke, treating acute myocardial infarction, dying from the disease and surgery, as well as the costs of the disease and procedures in the U.S. population, and the quality-adjusted life years. The cost of almonds was based on the current price in the U.S. market. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for different levels of willingness-to-pay, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, ten-year risk prevention, different costs of procedures and almond prices, and patients with or without cardiovascular disease. Results The almond strategy had $363 lower cost and 0.02 higher quality-adjusted life years gain compared to the non-almond strategy in the base-case model. The annual net monetary benefit of almond consumption was $1421 higher per person than no almond consumption, when the willingness to pay threshold was set at $50,000 for annual health care expenditure. Almond was more cost-effective than non-almond in cardiovascular disease prevention in all the sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Consuming 42.5 g of almonds per day is a cost-effective approach to prevent cardiovascular disease in the short term and potentially in the long term.
Collapse
|
22
|
Eslampour E, Asbaghi O, Hadi A, Abedi S, Ghaedi E, Lazaridi AV, Miraghajani M. The effect of almond intake on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 50:102399. [PMID: 32444059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed determine the efficacy of almond intake on blood pressure (BP). METHODS PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched to infinity until December 2019. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting effects of almond intake on aortic and brachial BP were included. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. RESULTS A total of 16 RCTs (1128 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis suggested that almond intake can reduced diastolic BP (DBP) (WMD = -1.30 mmHg; 95 % CI: -2.31,-0.30, p = 0.01, I2 = 0.0 %). However, there was not any impact of almond intake on systolic BP (SBP) (WMD = -0.83 mmHg; 95 % CI: -2.55, 0.89, p = 0.34, I2 = 58.9 %). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in SBP levels in subjects with lower SBP and lower dose of almonds. CONCLUSION We found that almonds might have a considerable favorite effect in BP and especially in DBP, and it could be encouraged as part of a healthy diet; however due to the high calorie content, the intake should be part of healthy diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Eslampour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Abedi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Anastasia-Viktoria Lazaridi
- The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT Quality of stored almonds is compromised by insect infestations and microbial contamination. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent fumigant for postharvest pest control on fresh and stored products. NO fumigation must be conducted under ultralow oxygen conditions, and it always produces nitrogen dioxide (NO2), depending on the O2 level in the fumigation chamber. NO and NO2 have proven antimicrobial effects but have not been tested for efficacy against microbes in almonds. We evaluated, in this study, fumigation of unpasteurized almonds with NO2 at different levels for inhibition of bacteria and fungi. Almonds were fumigated with 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0% NO under ambient O2 to generate 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0% NO2 conditions; the fumigation treatments lasted 1 or 3 days at 25°C. GreenLight rapid enumeration tests on diluted wash-off almond samples from NO2 fumigation treatments showed either greatly reduced microbial loads or complete control of microorganisms, depending on NO2 concentration and treatment duration. NO2 fumigation was more effective against fungi than against bacteria. These results suggest that postharvest NO fumigation with proper levels of NO and NO2 can be used for insect and microorganism control on stored almonds. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sookyung Oh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Salinas, California 93905
| | - Yong-Biao Liu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Unit, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, California 93905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Beltrán R, Valls A, Cebrián N, Zornoza C, García Breijo F, Reig Armiñana J, Garmendia A, Merle H. Effect of temperature on pollen germination for several Rosaceae species: influence of freezing conservation time on germination patterns. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8195. [PMID: 31844584 PMCID: PMC6911343 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Between February 2018 and April 2018, flowers were collected from eight Rosaceae species. Flowers were kept in a freezer at -20 °C for three freezing times (Treatment 1, two months; Treatment 2, four months; Treatment 3, six months). After extracting pollen, in vitro germination was induced in a culture medium and incubated at six different temperatures for 72 h. The percentage of pollen germination, average pollen tube length and maximum pollen tube length were measured. Pollen germination was maximum for all species between 15 °C and 30 °C. Cydonia oblonga, Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Prunus domestica, Prunus dulcis, Prunus persica and Pyrus communis obtained 30-52% pollen germination between 15 °C and 20 °C. Prunus cerasifera had 40% pollen germination at 30 °C. All species studied reached the maximum pollen tube length between 10 °C and 25 °C. Germination did not change significantly for any of the species with freezing time, but we found significant differences in the three parameters measured between treatments. The highest germination percentages were obtained in Treatment 2 (four months frozen at -20 °C), while the maximum pollen tube length was reached in Treatment 1 (two months frozen at -20 °C). According to our results, freezing time affected the germination-temperature patterns. This could indicate that studies on the effect of temperature on pollen germination should always be carried out with fresh pollen to obtain more conclusive data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Beltrán
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aina Valls
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Cebrián
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Zornoza
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco García Breijo
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Reig Armiñana
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Garmendia
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hugo Merle
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Özcan MM, Al Juhaimi F, Ghafoor K, Babiker EE, Özcan MM. Characterization of physico-chemical and bioactive properties of oils of some important almond cultivars by cold press and soxhlet extraction. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 57:955-961. [PMID: 32123416 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The oleic acid composition of almonds oils expressed by cold press varied from 73.56% in Cristomorto cultivar to 76.59% in Tuono while oleic acid in oils extracted by soxhlet method ranged from 71.86% in Cristomorto and 75.63% in Tuono cultivars. Also, oil from cold press extraction contained 19.51% and 21.86% linoleic acid for Ferragnes and Tuono almond cultivars, respectively, while 18.74 and 20.51% linoleic acid was recorded in Soxhlet extracted oil from Ferragnes and Tuono almonds, respectively. In addition, α-tocopherol contents of the oil samples varied significantly (p < 0.05) from 14.18 to 16.86 mg/100 g in Tuono and 15.71-17.96 mg/100 g in Ferragnes for cold-press and soxhlet extracted oils, respectively. β-Sitosterol composition of the oil obtained by cold press ranged from 157.94 (Tuono) and 171.68 mg/100 g (Cristomorto) while β-sitosterol content varied from 148.91 (Tuono) and 159.68 mg/100 g (Cristomorto) for oil extracted by Soxhlet method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Musa Özcan
- 1Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selçuk, 42031 Konya, Turkey
| | - Fahad Al Juhaimi
- 2Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Ghafoor
- 2Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elfadıl E Babiker
- 2Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Mete Özcan
- 3Aydoğanlar High Vocational College, Selçuk University, Karapınar, Konya Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The interactive effects of mild heat and gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on populations of Salmonella on almonds were studied. Almonds, dip inoculated with a two-strain cocktail of attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium, were treated with three concentrations of ClO2 at ambient temperature (ca. 22°C), and at 45, 50, 55, and 60°C for 4 h and with more than 90% relative humidity. Concentrations of ClO2 during treatments were measured, and populations of Salmonella were determined following treatments. Results demonstrated that ClO2 at concentrations of more than 4 mg/L and ambient temperature only reduced populations of Salmonella by 1.46 log CFU/g. With increasing treatment temperature, the efficacy of gaseous ClO2 increased. At 55 and 60°C, >1 mg/L ClO2, and a 4-h treatment time, >4 log CFU/g Salmonella was inactivated. Reductions greater than 4 log of the bacterium by gaseous ClO2 at 55°C were confirmed using a three-strain cocktail of pathogenic Salmonella. Overall, results demonstrated that mild heating is necessary for gaseous ClO2 to achieve more than 4 log CFU/g inactivation of Salmonella on almonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-7522 [X.F.])
| | - Joshua B Gurtler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-7522 [X.F.])
| | - Wenli Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-7522 [X.F.])
| | - Xuetong Fan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-7522 [X.F.])
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Palacios OM, Maki KC, Xiao D, Wilcox ML, Dicklin MR, Kramer M, Trivedi R, Burton-Freeman B, Edirisinghe I. Effects of Consuming Almonds on Insulin Sensitivity and Other Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Adults With Prediabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:397-406. [PMID: 31525129 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1660929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to assess the effects of replacing high-carbohydrate (CHO) foods with raw almonds on insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic health markers in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes.Method: This randomized crossover study consisted of two 6-week dietary intervention periods, separated by a ≥ 4-week washout. Subjects incorporated 1.5 oz of raw almonds twice daily or isocaloric CHO-based foods into their diets, with instructions to maintain body weight. Dietary intakes as well as insulin sensitivity, CHO metabolism indices, lipoprotein lipids and particles, and inflammatory markers were assessed.Results: Thirty-three subjects (17 male, 16 female), mean age 48.3 ± 2.2 years and body mass index 30.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2, provided evaluable data. Compared to CHO, almonds resulted in significantly (p < 0.01) higher intakes of protein, fat (unsaturated fatty acids), fiber, and magnesium and significantly (p < 0.001) lower intakes of CHO and sugars. No differences were observed between diet conditions for changes from baseline in the insulin sensitivity index from a short intravenous glucose tolerance test or other indices of glucose homeostasis. No significant differences were observed in biomarkers of cardiovascular risk except that the CHO intervention led to a shift toward a higher concentration of cholesterol in small, dense low-density lipoprotein subfraction 3+4 (LDL3 + 4) particles (p = 0.024 vs almonds).Conclusions: Intake of 3.0 oz/d raw almonds, vs energy-matched CHO foods, improved the dietary nutrient profile, but did not significantly affect insulin sensitivity and most markers of cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese men and women with prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, Illinois, USA.,MB Clinical Research, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.,Great Lakes Clinical Trials, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Steinbrunner PJ, Limcharoenchat P, Suehr QJ, Ryser ET, Marks BP, Jeong S. Effect of Food Structure, Water Activity, and Long-Term Storage on X-Ray Irradiation for Inactivating Salmonella Enteritidis PT30 in Low-Moisture Foods. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1405-1411. [PMID: 31335188 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks and recalls of low-moisture foods contaminated with Salmonella have been recognized as a major public health risk that demands the development of new Salmonella mitigation strategies and technologies. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of X-ray irradiation for inactivating Salmonella on or in almonds (kernels, meal, butter), dates (whole fruit, paste), and wheat (kernels, flour) at various water activities (aw) and storage periods. The raw materials were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis PT30, conditioned to 0.25, 0.45, and 0.65 aw in a humidity-controlled chamber, processed to various fabricated products, and reconditioned to the desired aw before treatment. In a storage study, inoculated almond kernels were stored in sealed tin cans for 7, 15, 27, and 103 weeks, irradiated with X ray (0.5 to 11 kGy, targeting up to a ∼2.5-log reduction) at the end of each storage period, and plated for Salmonella survivors to determine the efficacy of irradiation in terms of D10-value (dose required to reduce 90% of the population). Salmonella was least resistant (D10-value = 0.378 kGy) on the surface of almond kernels at 0.25 aw and most resistant (D10-value = 2.34 kGy) on the surface of dates at 0.45 aw. The Salmonella D10-value was 61% lower in date paste than on whole date fruit. Storage of almonds generally had no effect on the irradiation resistance of Salmonella over 103 weeks. Overall, these results indicate that product structure (whole, meals, powder, or paste), water activity (0.25 to 0.65 aw), and storage period (0 to 103 weeks) should be considered when determining the efficacy of X-ray irradiation for inactivating Salmonella in various low-water-activity foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Steinbrunner
- 1 Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Pichamon Limcharoenchat
- 1 Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Quincy J Suehr
- 1 Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Elliot T Ryser
- 2 Department of Food Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-2658 [E.T.R.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-8786 [S.J.])
| | - Bradley P Marks
- 1 Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,2 Department of Food Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-2658 [E.T.R.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-8786 [S.J.])
| | - Sanghyup Jeong
- 1 Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jung JY, Park SK, Oh CM, Choi JM, Ryoo JH, Kim J, Kim MK. The association between metabolic syndrome and peanuts, pine nuts, almonds consumption: The Ansan and Ansung Study. Endocrine 2019; 65:270-277. [PMID: 31243651 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported an inverted relationship between nut consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study investigated the incidental risk for MetS according to peanut, almond, and fine nut consumption in the Korean population. METHODS In a community-based Korean cohort, 5306 Korean adults were divided into four groups according to their peanut, almond, and fine nut intake (<1/month, 1/month-0.5/week, 0.5-1/week, and ≥1/week, in which one serving = 15 g) and were followed-up for 10 years. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) with confidence intervals (CI) for MetS in each study group. Age subgroup (≥50 or <50 years) analysis was also conducted. RESULTS The age and multivariable-adjusted HRs with 95% CIs for MetS showed a significant inverse dose-response relationship between peanut, almond, and fine nut intake and the incidence of MetS in men and women (multivariable-adjusted HRs [95% CI] in men; 0.91 [0.76-1.09] in 1/month-0.5/week, 1.03 [0.80-1.31] in 0.5-1/week, 0.72 [0.56-0.93] in ≥1/week and in women; 0.81 [0.65-1.003] in 1/month-0.5/week, 0.76 [0.54-1.07] in 0.5-1/week, 0.57 [0.41-0.79] ≥1/week)). Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in middle-aged men (≥1/week) and old-aged women (≥0.5/week). CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggested that peanut, almond, and fine nut intake (≥15 g/week) may be inversely related to incidence risk of MetS in the Korean general population. Additionally, the association between nut consumption and MetS incidence risk may differ in sex and age subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Keun Park
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Myung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ryoo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Darvishmoghadam S, Ansari M, Ahmadipour H, Azimipour M, Esmaeilzade M, Zahedi MJ, Hayat Bakhsh Abbasi M, Ahmadi B, Asadi A, Sharififar F. Assessment of the effect of sachet formulation of almond (Amygdalus dulcis L.) on diarrhea prominent irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) symptoms: A clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2019; 45:242-7. [PMID: 31331568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Almond has been listed in the low FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono saccharides And Polyols) and is recommended for infant diarrhea and gastrointestinal problem in Iranian folk medicine. In this work, sachet of almond has been designed, formulated and is studied on the clinical symptoms of diarrhea prominent irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). DESIGN almond was standardized on the basis of total protein and carbohydrate content. A sachet of almond and wheat flour (placebo) was formulated and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated. INTERVENTION In a double blind randomized trial, fifty IBS-D patients were randomly enrolled into the almond and placebo groups, ranked in respect to the severity of symptoms to mild-moderate and severe disease. The patients received almond or placebo sachet (40 g/day,20 days) respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Patients were assessed for bowel habit, pain severity and frequency and bloating and data was recorded in a data collecting form. RESULTS The results showed that none of the primary outcomes of the disease is improved in the patients treated with almond. The bowel movement and severity of the pain was significantly increased in the almond treated patients compared to the placebo and baseline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Almond contains high content of oligo-fructan which in high intake might result in a large amount of fermentable carbohydrates that can exacerbate the symptoms of the disease. So, despite the almond inclusion in the low-FODMAPs, the amount of almond intake is a determining factor and here we have controversial results for almond intake in patients with IBS. Mental health and physical activity of patients are also involved in the disease.
Collapse
|
31
|
Oliveira I, Malheiro R, Meyer AS, Pereira JA, Gonçalves B. Application of chemometric tools for the comparison of volatile profile from raw and roasted regional and foreign almond cultivars ( Prunus dulcis). J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:3764-3776. [PMID: 31413403 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In almonds, volatile compounds are major contributors to flavour, being scarce the current knowledge about their volatile profile. Hence, this work intended to characterize the volatile profile, using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in raw and roasted almond cultivars (regional cvs. Amendoão, Bonita, Casanova, Molar and Pegarinhos and foreign cvs. Ferragnès and Glorieta). Overall, 35 compounds were identified, with major chemical classes being alcohols and aldehydes. In raw fruits, benzaldehyde and 3-methyl-1-butanol were key compounds, with roasting changing volatile profiles, increasing release of compounds, with predominance of hexanal and benzaldehyde. Cultivars Glorieta and Molar didn't show significant increase in aldehyde content after roasting, which may indicate higher resistance to heat-caused oxidation. The use of linear discriminant analysis and principal components analysis permitted the recognition of patterns in the volatile profiles, that can be useful for cultivars identification. This work allowed the characterization and monitoring changes caused by roasting of volatile components of less studied almond cultivars, identifying some that can withstand roasting procedures with reduced formation of compounds associated with off-flavours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Oliveira
- 1Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences - CITAB, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Malheiro
- 2Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Anne S Meyer
- 3DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Building 221, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- 2Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- 1Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences - CITAB, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Manzoor MF, Zeng XA, Rahaman A, Siddeeg A, Aadil RM, Ahmed Z, Li J, Niu D. Combined impact of pulsed electric field and ultrasound on bioactive compounds and FT-IR analysis of almond extract. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:2355-2364. [PMID: 31168118 PMCID: PMC6525683 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the combined impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) and ultrasound (US) to evaluate the physicochemical, bioactive compounds and chemical structure of almond extract. Almond extract was first treated with PEF and then with US. Combined treatment (PEF-US) has attained the highest value of total phenolics, total flavonoids, condense tannins, anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity in DPPH, reducing power and metal chelating activity than all other treatments. Among all those treatments, there was slightly visible difference in the color. Moreover, FT-IR spectra indicate that the effect of PEF-US on almond extract did not produce new carbonyl compounds, but led to the higher concentration of these compounds. This study demonstrated that the PEF-US could be useful for the extraction of bioactive compounds as well as improving the stability of volatile compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Debao Niu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Perry JJ, Peña-Melendez M, Yousef AE. Ozone-based treatments for inactivation of Salmonella enterica in tree nuts: Inoculation protocol and surrogate suitability considerations. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 297:21-6. [PMID: 30856385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using gaseous ozone, alone or in combination with other treatments, to decontaminate in-shell almonds and pistachios, prepared under different pathogen-inoculation conditions, was explored. Nuts were inoculated with either Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis or a potential Salmonella surrogate, Enterococcus faecium OSY 31284. The effect of inoculation method (with or without vacuum application), and of drying inoculated nuts (up to three days) on treatment efficacy was investigated. Inoculated nuts were subjected to gaseous ozone alone (almonds, pistachios) or ozone in combination with heating in brine solution (pistachios). Ozone treatment included application of vacuum (10 in Hg), followed by vessel pressurization to 12.5 psig with ozone‑oxygen mixture (160 g ozone/m3 gas mixture) and holding for 30 min. Heating was conducted in a brine solution (5% NaCl) at 70 °C, for 10 min. Ozone-based treatments were significantly more effective (P < 0.05) on almonds than pistachios, with maximum S. Enteritidis reduction of 2.9 vs. 0.8 log CFU/g, regardless of inoculation method or the drying time. Treatment of inoculated pistachios with heated brine and gaseous ozone reduced S. Enteritidis population by 5.0 to 7.0 log CFU/g and was not significantly more effective than treatment with heated brine alone (reduction of 4.8 to 7.1 log CFU/g). Application of vacuum during inoculation increased bacterial population on nut kernels by approximately 1.2 log CFU/g, but the increase in inoculum population had no effect on inactivation of either species of inoculated bacteria. Decontamination treatments were less effective against both bacteria by up to 2 log CFU/g when drying time of inoculated nuts increased. E. faecium was significantly more resistant to heat and ozone treatment (P < 0.05) than was S. Enteritidis on pistachios, but not on almonds. Results of this study show that laboratory methodology affects observed treatment effectiveness. Considering its high resistance to the heat-ozone combination, E. faecium may not be a suitable surrogate for S. Enteritidis during processing of pistachios by this treatment. Efficacy of ozone gas to decontaminate S. Enteritidis-inoculated nuts depends heavily on the type of nut. Although reductions of S. Enteritidis populations on in-shell pistachios are low, treatment of in-shell almonds resulted in greater reductions, indicating the promise of this technology to enhance the safety of specific nut products.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ciftci D, Ozilgen S. Evaluation of kinetic parameters in prevention of quality loss in stored almond pastes with added natural antioxidant. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:483-490. [PMID: 30728592 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stability and loss of nutritional values during storage are the major problems that are encountered in the nut spreads and nut pastes affecting the commercial value. In this study, kinetic behavior of lipid oxidation and depletion of the phenolic antioxidants in the black carrot juice supplemented almond pastes stored at the temperature range of 4-60 °C were studied. Kinetic models were employed to quantify the observations. Lipid oxidation was modeled with the logistic equation. Addition of black carrot juice delayed lipid oxidation, and decreased the maximum peroxide value attained. Being different than the results of the previous studies performed with the similar pastes, the rate constants of peroxide formation reactions in the black carrot juice supplemented pastes decreased with increasing temperature (from 0.60 to 0.27 d-1); possibly due to capturing of the lipid oxidation intermediaries by the antioxidants at higher rates at higher temperatures. Depletion of phenolics agreed with a unimolecular first order apparent kinetic model. At the end of the storage period, phenolic losses in the pastes were 5.4, 31.8, 36.9 and 38.2% at 4, 20, 30 and 60 °C, respectively. The results showed that incorporation of the black carrot juice might have an effect on the mechanism of the lipid oxidation and its temperature dependency, and improve the shelf life of the almond pastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Ciftci
- 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozilgen
- 2Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hamadeh B, Chalak L, Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge G, Benoit L, Joly HI. Evolution of almond genetic diversity and farmer practices in Lebanon: impacts of the diffusion of a graft-propagated cultivar in a traditional system based on seed-propagation. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:155. [PMID: 30081821 PMCID: PMC6080396 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under cultivation, many outcrossing fruit tree species have switched from sexual reproduction to vegetative propagation. Traditional production systems have persisted, where cultivar propagation is based on a mixed reproductive system. For millenia, almond, Prunus dulcis, has been propagated by seeds. Almond grafting remained of little importance until recently. In Lebanon, both sexual and clonal reproductions are used for almond propagation. We used 15 microsatellite markers to investigate the effect of introducing graft-propagated cultivars and associated practices, on the structure of the genetic diversity among and within the two main Lebanese cultivars. RESULTS As expected, the sexually propagated cultivar Khachabi exhibited more genotypic and genetic diversity than the vegetatively propagated cultivar Halwani. It also exhibited lower differentiation among populations. The distribution of clones showed that propagation modes were not exclusive: farmers have introduced clonal propagation in the seed-propagated cultivar while they have maintained a diversity of genotypes within populations that were mostly graft-propagated. These practices are also important to avoid mate limitations that hamper fruit production in a self-incompatible species. 'Khachabi' is structured into two gene pools separated by the Lebanese mountains. As to 'Halwani', two different gene pools were introduced. The most ancient one shares the same geographic range as 'Khachabi'; longtime coexistence and sexual reproduction have resulted in admixture with 'Khachabi'. In contrast, the more recent introduction of the second gene pool in the Bekaa region followed an evolution towards more extensive clonal propagation of 'Halwani' limiting hybridizations. Furthermore, some pairs of geographically distant 'Halwani' orchards, exhibited low genetic distances, suggesting that a network of exchanges between farmers was effective on a large scale and/or that farmers brought clonal plant material from a common source. CONCLUSIONS Almond diversification in Lebanon is clearly related to the evolution of propagation practices adapted to self-incompatible cultivars. The comparison between both cultivars demonstrated the genetic effects of the introduction of a new cultivar and the associated grafting propagation practices. Our study provided information to develop a strategy for in situ conservation of cultivars and to limit gene flow from introduced material to ancient orchards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bariaa Hamadeh
- Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar, Lebanon
- Université Montpellier 2, UMR CEFE, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
- Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Dynamiques de la Diversité, Sociétés et Environnements (DDSE), TA A-61/03 Avenue Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Lamis Chalak
- Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
| | - Geo Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Dynamiques de la Diversité, Sociétés et Environnements (DDSE), TA A-61/03 Avenue Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Laure Benoit
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- CBGP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène I. Joly
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Dynamiques de la Diversité, Sociétés et Environnements (DDSE), TA A-61/03 Avenue Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Whittaker AL, Zhu Y, Howarth GS, Loung CS, Bastian SEP, Wirthensohn MG. Effects of commercially produced almond by-products on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in rats. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2017; 8:176-187. [PMID: 29184703 PMCID: PMC5696615 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v8.i4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine if almond extracts reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced mucositis as determined through biochemical, histological and behavioural markers.
METHODS Intestinal mucositis is a debilitating condition characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Certain bioactive plant products have shown promise in accelerating mucosal repair and alleviating clinical symptoms. This study evaluated almond extracts for their potential to reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in Dark Agouti rats. Female Dark Agouti rats were gavaged (days 3-11) with either PBS, almond hull or almond blanched water extract at two doses, and were injected intraperitoneally with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU-150 mg/kg) or saline on day 9 to induce mucositis. Burrowing behavior, histological parameters and myeloperoxidase activity were assessed.
RESULTS Bodyweight was significantly reduced in rats that received 5-FU compared to saline-treated controls (P < 0.05). Rats administered 5-FU significantly increased jejunal and ileal MPO levels (1048%; P < 0.001 and 409%; P < 0.001), compared to healthy controls. Almond hull extract caused a pro-inflammatory response in rats with mucositis as evidenced by increased myeloperoxidase activity in the jejunum when compared to 5-FU alone (rise 50%, 1088 ± 96 U/g vs 723 ± 135 U/g, P = 0.02). Other extract-related effects on inflammatory activity were minimal. 5-FU significantly increased histological severity score compared to healthy controls confirming the presence of mucositis (median of 9.75 vs 0; P < 0.001). The extracts had no ameliorating effect on histological severity score in the jejunum or ileum. Burrowing behavior was significantly reduced in all chemotherapy-treated groups (P = 0.001). The extracts failed to normalize burrowing activity to baseline levels.
CONCLUSION Almond extracts at these dosages offer little beneficial effect on mucositis severity. Burrowing provides a novel measure of affective state in studies of chemotherapy-induced mucositis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Whittaker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Gordon S Howarth
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Chi S Loung
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Susan E P Bastian
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Michelle G Wirthensohn
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oliveira I, Meyer A, Afonso S, Ribeiro C, Gonçalves B. Morphological, mechanical and antioxidant properties of Portuguese almond cultivars. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55:467-78. [PMID: 29391610 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological (of fruit and kernel), mechanical (namely shell rupture force) and antioxidant properties (including phenolics and flavonoid content) of five Portuguese almond cultivars, comparing them with two commercial cultivars (Glorieta and Ferragnès). Of the analyzed traits, nut and kernel dimensions varied substantially and were used to describe cultivars. However, some traditional cultivars recorded similar (Pegarinhos), or even higher (Amendoão, Casanova and Refêgo) nut and kernel weight than commercial cultivars. Furthermore, shelling percentage of traditional cultivar (Bonita) was higher than commercial cultivars. Rupture force necessary to break fruits of all traditional cultivars was higher than commercial ones, and was correlated to nut weight cultivars. The phenolics, flavonoids content and antioxidants were higher for Casanova. Parameters like high kernel weight, low percentages of double kernels or losses during shelling and considerable higher phenolics and flavonoids content may be considered by industry during selection of almond.
Collapse
|
38
|
Parker LE, Abatzoglou JT. Comparing mechanistic and empirical approaches to modeling the thermal niche of almond. Int J Biometeorol 2017; 61:1593-1606. [PMID: 28405770 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Delineating locations that are thermally viable for cultivating high-value crops can help to guide land use planning, agronomics, and water management. Three modeling approaches were used to identify the potential distribution and key thermal constraints on on almond cultivation across the southwestern United States (US), including two empirical species distribution models (SDMs)-one using commonly used bioclimatic variables (traditional SDM) and the other using more physiologically relevant climate variables (nontraditional SDM)-and a mechanistic model (MM) developed using published thermal limitations from field studies. While models showed comparable results over the majority of the domain, including over existing croplands with high almond density, the MM suggested the greatest potential for the geographic expansion of almond cultivation, with frost susceptibility and insufficient heat accumulation being the primary thermal constraints in the southwestern US. The traditional SDM over-predicted almond suitability in locations shown by the MM to be limited by frost, whereas the nontraditional SDM showed greater agreement with the MM in these locations, indicating that incorporating physiologically relevant variables in SDMs can improve predictions. Finally, opportunities for geographic expansion of almond cultivation under current climatic conditions in the region may be limited, suggesting that increasing production may rely on agronomical advances and densifying current almond plantations in existing locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Parker
- Department of Geography, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3021, Moscow, ID, 83844-3021, USA.
| | - John T Abatzoglou
- Department of Geography, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3021, Moscow, ID, 83844-3021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fisher A, Coleman C, Hoffmann C, Fritz B, Rangel J. The Synergistic Effects of Almond Protection Fungicides on Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Forager Survival. J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:802-808. [PMID: 28334292 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) contributes ∼$17 billion annually to the United States economy, primarily by pollinating major agricultural crops including almond, which is completely dependent on honey bee pollination for nut set. Almond growers face constant challenges to crop productivity owing to pests and pathogens, which are often controlled with a multitude of agrochemicals. For example, fungicides are often applied in combination with other products to control fungal pathogens during almond bloom. However, the effects of fungicides on honey bee health have been so far understudied. To assess the effects of some of the top fungicides used during the 2012 California almond bloom on honey bee forager mortality, we collected foragers from a local apiary and exposed them to fungicides (alone and in various combinations) at the label dose, or at doses ranging from 0.25 to 2 times the label dose rate. These fungicides were Iprodione 2SE Select, Pristine, and Quadris. We utilized a wind tunnel and atomizer set up with a wind speed of 2.9 m/s to simulate field-relevant exposure of honey bees to these agrochemicals during aerial application in almond fields. Groups of 40-50 foragers exposed to either untreated controls or fungicide-laden treatments were monitored daily over a 10-d period. Our results showed a significant decrease in forager survival resulting from exposure to simulated tank mixes of Iprodione 2SE Select, as well as synergistic detrimental effects of Iprodione 2SE Select in combination with Pristine and Quadris on forager survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Fisher
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2475 (; )
| | - Chet Coleman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aerial Application Technology Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845 (; ; )
| | - Clint Hoffmann
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aerial Application Technology Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845 (; ; )
| | - Brad Fritz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aerial Application Technology Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845 (; ; )
| | - Juliana Rangel
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2475 ( ; )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Burks CS. Combination Phenyl Propionate/Pheromone Traps for Monitoring Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Almonds in the Vicinity of Mating Disruption. J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:438-446. [PMID: 28177500 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol mating disruption is used for management of navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in an increasing portion of California almonds and pistachios. This formulation suppresses pheromone monitoring traps far beyond the treatment block, potentially complicating monitoring and management of this key pest. Phenyl propionate is an attractant used to capture adults in the presence of mating disruption, completely suppressing pheromone traps, and lures combining phenyl propionate with a pheromone lure (PPO-combo lure) synergize trap capture in the presence of mating disruption. In this study, laboratory and field trials of different phenyl propionate dispensers indicate a useful life of six weeks. Controlled experiments found similar numbers of adults captured in phenyl propionate and PPO-combo lures in the presence of varying levels of mating disruption intensity. A subsequent trial compared monitoring of field plots at various distances from fields under commercial mating disruption for much of the growing season with pheromone and PPO-combo lures. Although there was some evidence of partial suppression of capture in PPO-combo traps closer to mating disruption compared with lures farther away, there was no failure of detection as occurred with pheromone lures. The ratio of adults in pheromone and PPO-combo traps varied with proximity from treated fields. These results indicate that, in addition to monitoring in mating disruption plots, phenyl propionate lures can be useful for insuring against failure of detection of navel orangeworm pressure in areas where mating disruption is widely used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Burks
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Twenty-one almond samples from three different geographical origins (Sicily, Spain and California) were investigated by determining minerals and fatty acids compositions. Data were used to discriminate by chemometry almond origin by linear discriminant analysis. With respect to previous PCA profiling studies, this work provides a simpler analytical protocol for the identification of almonds geographical origin. Classification by using mineral contents data only was correct in 77% of the samples, while, by using fatty acid profiles, the percentages of samples correctly classified reached 82%. The coupling of mineral contents and fatty acid profiles lead to an increased efficiency of the classification with 87% of samples correctly classified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amorello
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università di Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Santino Orecchio
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università di Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università di Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,b Istituto Euro Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy
| | - Salvatore Barreca
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università di Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,b Istituto Euro Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy.,c Consorzio di Ricerca per lo Sviluppo di Sistemi Innovativi Agroambientali (CORISSIA) , Palermo , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gallo A, Solfrizzo M, Epifani F, Panzarini G, Perrone G. Effect of temperature and water activity on gene expression and aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus on almond medium. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 217:162-9. [PMID: 26540623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Almonds are among the commodities at risk of aflatoxin contamination by Aspergillus flavus. Temperature and water activity are the two key determinants in pre and post-harvest environments influencing both the rate of fungal spoilage and aflatoxin production. Varying the combination of these parameters can completely inhibit or fully activate the biosynthesis of aflatoxin, so it is fundamental to know which combinations can control or be conducive to aflatoxin contamination. Little information is available about the influence of these parameters on aflatoxin production on almonds. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different combinations of temperature (20 °C, 28 °C, and 37 °C) and water activity (0.90, 0.93, 0.96, 0.99 aw) on growth, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production and expression of the two regulatory genes, aflR and aflS, and two structural genes, aflD and aflO, of the aflatoxin biosynthetic cluster in A. flavus grown on an almond medium solidified with agar. Maximum accumulation of fungal biomass and AFB1 production was obtained at 28 °C and 0.96 aw; no fungal growth and AFB1 production were observed at 20 °C at the driest tested conditions (0.90 and 0.93 aw). At 20° and 37 °C AFB1 production was 70-90% lower or completely suppressed, depending on aw. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR showed that the two regulatory genes (aflR and aflS) were highly expressed at maximum (28 °C) and minimum (20 °C and 37 °C) AFB1 production. Conversely the two structural genes (aflD and aflO) were highly expressed only at maximum AFB1 production (28 °C and 0.96-0.99 aw). It seems that temperature acts as a key factor influencing aflatoxin production which is strictly correlated to the induction of expression of structural biosynthesis genes (aflD and aflO), but not to that of aflatoxin regulatory genes (aflR and aflS), whose functional products are most likely subordinated to other regulatory processes acting at post-translational level. The results of this study are useful to select conditions that could be used in the almond processing chain to suppress aflatoxin production in this important product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Gallo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Michele Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Filomena Epifani
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Panzarini
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang S, Wang S, Huang J, Lai X, Du Y, Liu X, Li B, Feng R, Yang G. High-specificity quantification method for almond-by-products, based on differential proteomic analysis. Food Chem 2015; 194:522-8. [PMID: 26471588 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol has been developed to identify and classify almond products based on differential proteomic analysis. We applied two-dimensional electrophoresis to compare the differences between almond and apricot kernels to search for almond-specific proteins. The amino acid of apricot Pru-1 was sequenced and aligned to almond Pru-1. One peptide, RQGRQQGRQQQEEGR, which exists in almond but not in apricot, was used as hapten to prepare monoclonal antibody against almond Pru-1. An optimized ELISA method was established using this antibody. The assay did not exhibit cross-reactivity with the tested apricot kernels and other edible plant seeds. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.5-100μg/g based on different food samples. The recoveries of fortified samples at levels of twofold and eightfold LOD ranged from 82% to 96%. The coefficients of variation were less than 13.0%. Using 7M urea as extracting solution, the heat-treated protein loss ratios were 2%, 5% and 15% under pasteurization (65°C for 30min), baking (150°C for 30min) and autoclaved sterilization (120°C for 15min), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518102, PR China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518102, PR China
| | - Jingmin Huang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518102, PR China
| | - Xintian Lai
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518102, PR China
| | - Yegang Du
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518102, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518102, PR China
| | - Bifang Li
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518102, PR China
| | - Ronghu Feng
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518102, PR China
| | - Guowu Yang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518102, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Grundy MML, Wilde PJ, Butterworth PJ, Gray R, Ellis PR. Impact of cell wall encapsulation of almonds on in vitro duodenal lipolysis. Food Chem 2015; 185:405-12. [PMID: 25952886 PMCID: PMC4430076 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue microstructure controlled rate and extent of in vitro lipolysis in almonds. Lipolysis methods using pH-stat and GC analysis were in good agreement. Increasing lipid bioaccessibility led to increased levels of digestibility. Almond cell walls restrict lipid release, thus hindering digestion kinetics.
Although almonds have a high lipid content, their consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. One explanation for this paradox could be limited bioaccessibility of almond lipids due to the cell wall matrix acting as a physical barrier to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to measure the rate and extent of lipolysis in an in vitro duodenum digestion model, using raw and roasted almond materials with potentially different degrees of bioaccessibility. The results revealed that a decrease in particle size led to an increased rate and extent of lipolysis. Particle size had a crucial impact on lipid bioaccessibility, since it is an indicator of the proportion of ruptured cells in the almond tissue. Separated almond cells with intact cell walls showed the lowest levels of digestibility. This study underlines the importance of the cell wall for modulating lipid uptake and hence the positive health benefits underlying almond consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam M L Grundy
- King's College London, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Biopolymers Group, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Peter J Wilde
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Peter J Butterworth
- King's College London, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Biopolymers Group, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Robert Gray
- King's College London, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Biopolymers Group, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Peter R Ellis
- King's College London, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Biopolymers Group, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Klein AM, Hendrix SD, Clough Y, Scofield A, Kremen C. Interacting effects of pollination, water and nutrients on fruit tree performance. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2015; 17:201-8. [PMID: 24731291 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollination is critical to fruit production, but the interactions of pollination with plant resources on a plant's reproductive and vegetative features are largely overlooked. We examined the influences of pollination, irrigation and fertilisation on the performance of almond, Prunus dulcis, in northern California. We used a full-factorial design to test for the effects of pollination limitation on fruit production and foliage variables of whole trees experiencing four resource treatments: (i) normal water and nutrients, (ii) reduced water, (iii) no nutrients, and (iv) reduced water and no nutrients. In each of these combinations, we applied three pollination treatments: hand-cross pollination, open-pollination and pollinator exclusion. Pollination strongly affected yield even under reduced water and no nutrient applications. Hand-cross pollination resulted in over 50% fruit set with small kernels, while open-pollinated flowers showed over 30% fruit set with moderate-sized kernels. Pollinator-excluded flowers had a maximum fruit set of 5%, with big and heavy kernels. Reduced water interacted with the open- and hand-cross pollination treatments, reducing yield more than in the pollinator exclusion treatment. The number of kernels negatively influenced the number of leaves, and reduced water and no nutrient applications interacted with the pollination treatments. Overall, our results indicate that the influences of pollination on fruit tree yield interact with the plant availability of nutrients and water and that excess pollination can reduce fruit quality and the production of leaves for photosynthesis. Such information is critical to understand how pollination influences fruit tree performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-M Klein
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Moosavi Dolatabadi KS, Dehghan G, Hosseini S, Jahanban Esfahlan A. Effect of five year storage on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of almond (Amygdalus communisL.) hull and shell from different genotypes. Avicenna J Phytomed 2015; 5:26-33. [PMID: 25767754 PMCID: PMC4352530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Almond (Prunus amygdalus) hull and shell are agricultural by-products that are a source of phenolic compounds.The processing of almond produce shell and hull, accounts for more than 50% by dry weight of the almond fruits. Recently, more studies have focused on the influence of storage conditions and postharvest handling on the nutritional quality of fruits, especially the antioxidant phenolics. In this study, influence of long-term storage (five years) on the total phenolic and antioxidant capacity of almond hull and shell from different genotypes was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fruits of subjected genotypes were collected and their hull and shell were separated. They were dried and reduced to fine powder. This powder stored at room temperature for five years. The total phenolic content (TPC) and bioactivities (antioxidant potential: DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and reducing power) of extracts were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS It was found that TPC content and bioactivity levels in the stored almond hull and shell were different, compared to the hulls and shells which were evaluated in 2007. S1-4 genotype had the highest TPC and reducing power in its hull and shell.Low correlation coefficient was observed between phenolic content and the DPPH radical scavenging percentage in hull and shell extract. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, results of this investigation showed that storage can influence the antioxidant and antiradical potential of almond hull and shell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, I. R. Iran
| | - Siavash Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, I. R. Iran
| | - Ali Jahanban Esfahlan
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Brežná B, Šmíd J, Costa J, Radvanszky J, Mafra I, Kuchta T. In silico and experimental evaluation of DNA-based detection methods for the ability to discriminate almond from other Prunus spp. Mol Cell Probes 2014; 29:99-115. [PMID: 25483259 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ten published DNA-based analytical methods aiming at detecting material of almond (Prunus dulcis) were in silico evaluated for potential cross-reactivity with other stone fruits (Prunus spp.), including peach, apricot, plum, cherry, sour cherry and Sargent cherry. For most assays, the analysis of nucleotide databases suggested none or insufficient discrimination of at least some stone fruits. On the other hand, the assay targeting non-specific lipid transfer protein (Röder et al., 2011, Anal Chim Acta 685:74-83) was sufficiently discriminative, judging from nucleotide alignments. Empirical evaluation was performed for three of the published methods, one modification of a commercial kit (SureFood allergen almond) and one attempted novel method targeting thaumatin-like protein gene. Samples of leaves and kernels were used in the experiments. The empirical results were favourable for the method from Röder et al. (2011) and a modification of SureFood allergen almond kit, both showing cross-reactivity <10(-3) compared to the model almond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brežná
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, P.O. Box 25, 824 75 Bratislava 26, Slovakia.
| | - Jiří Šmíd
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, P.O. Box 25, 824 75 Bratislava 26, Slovakia; Institute of Food Chemistry and Biotechnolgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jan Radvanszky
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlárska 5, 83334 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tomáš Kuchta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, P.O. Box 25, 824 75 Bratislava 26, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
During the last few years the popularity for the plant based butters (nut and seed butters) has increased considerably. Earlier peanut butter was the only alternative to the dairy butter, but over the years development in the technologies and also the consumer awareness about the plant based butters, has led the development of myriad varieties of butters with different nuts and seeds, which are very good source of protein, fiber, essential fatty acids and other nutrients. These days' different varieties of plant based butters are available in the market viz., peanut butter, soy butter, almond butter, pistachio butter, cashew butter and sesame butter etc. The form of butter is one of the healthy way of integrating nuts and seeds in to our regular diet. Nut and seed butters are generally prepared by roasting, grinding and refrigerated to consume it when it is still fresh. During this process it is imperative to retain the nutritional properties of these nuts and seeds in order to reap the benefits of the fresh nuts and seeds in the form of butter as well. Proper care is needed to minimize the conversion of healthful components in to unhealthy components during processing and further storage. Roasting temperature, temperatures during grinding and storage are the vital factors to be considered in order to have healthy and nutritious plant based butters. In this article, different plant based butters and their processing methods have been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Gorrepati
- Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar 410 505 Pune, India
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, 462 038 India
| | - Pitam Chandra
- Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, 462 038 India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abazarfard Z, Salehi M, Keshavarzi S. The effect of almonds on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci 2014; 19:457-64. [PMID: 25097630 PMCID: PMC4116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the wholesome benefits of nuts increased consumption of them has been recommended. However, because of nut's high energy density, the role of them in the treatment of overweight and obesity is vague. This current clinical trial study aims to investigate the effects of a balanced hypocaloric almond-enriched diet (AED) (almond group) in comparison to a balanced hypocaloric nut-free diet (NFD) (nut-free group) on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with body mass index (BMI) >25 for 3-month. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 overweight and obese women were assigned in our 3-month randomized controlled trial. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups regarding a balanced hypocaloric diet with or without almond. The planned reduced calorie diets for both groups were identical except for the almond group who consumed 50 g of almonds daily. Anthropometric and laboratory measurements of the participants who completed the study were made prior to and at the end of the study. RESULTS A total of 100 subjects completed the study. Weight, BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip circumference ratio, total cholesterol, and triglyceride, total: High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood sugar and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the almond group compared to the nut-free group (P > 0.001). Greater reduction in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P > 0.002) and systolic blood pressure (P > 0.001) and greater increase in HDL-C (P = 0.001) were found in the nut-free group. CONCLUSION The balanced hypocaloric AED in comparison to the balanced hypocaloric NFD led to a greater weight-loss and overall better improvements in studied cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Abazarfard
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mousa Salehi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mousa Salehi, Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Sareh Keshavarzi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhan Y, Zhang M. Spatial and temporal patterns of pesticide use on California almonds and associated risks to the surrounding environment. Sci Total Environ 2014; 472:517-529. [PMID: 24316216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Various stakeholders of California almonds have been investing efforts into mitigating pesticide impacts on human and ecosystem health. This study is the first comprehensive evaluation that examines the spatial and temporal patterns of pesticide use and associated environmental risks. The pesticide use data from 1996 to 2010 were obtained from the Pesticide Use Reporting database. The Pesticide Use Risk Evaluation indicator was employed to evaluate the pesticide environmental risks based on the pesticide properties and local environmental conditions. Analyses showed that the use intensities (UI) of insecticides (oils accounted for 86% of the total insecticide UI) and herbicides both increased from north to south; fungicides showed the opposite spatial pattern; and fumigants were used most intensively in the middle region. The UI of fungicides and herbicides significantly decreased and increased, respectively, throughout the study area. The insecticide UI significantly decreased in the north but increased in many areas in the south. In particular, the organophosphate UI significantly decreased across the study area, while the pyrethroid UI significantly increased in the south. The fumigant UI did not show a trend. The regional risk intensities of surface water (RIW), soil (RIS), and air (RIA) all increased from north to south, while the groundwater regional risk intensity (RIG) decreased from north to south. The main trends of RIW, RIG, and RIS were decreasing, while the RIA did not show a trend in any region. It's noticeable that although the herbicide UI significantly increased, the UI of high-leaching herbicides significantly decreased, which led to the significant decrease of RIG. In summary, the temporal trends of the pesticide use and risks indicate that the California almond growers are making considerable progress towards sustainable pest management via integrated pest management, but still require more efforts to curb the fast increase of herbicide use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|