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Brown RC, Ware L, Gray AR, Tey SL, Chisholm A. Comparing the effects of consuming almonds or biscuits on body weight in habitual snackers: A one-year randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023:S0002-9165(23)48908-3. [PMID: 37156442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Almonds are nutrient-rich, providing a healthier alternative to many snack foods. Studies report health benefits with regular almond consumption without adverse weight gain. However, most interventions have been relatively short or have included additional dietary advice. Taking a pragmatic approach, we compared consumption of almonds versus biscuits on body weight and other health outcomes in a population of regular snackers of discretionary foods, hypothesizing the almonds will displace some of the less healthful snacks in their current diets. METHODS We randomly assigned 136 non-obese habitual discretionary snack consumers to receive almonds or biscuits daily for one-year. These isocaloric snacks provided either 10% of participants' total energy (TE) requirements or 1030 kJ (equivalent to 42.5 g almonds), whichever was greater. Anthropometry, blood biomarkers, diet, appetite, sleep, and, physical activity, were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months, and body composition and resting metabolic rate at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS The difference in changes for body weight from baseline to 12 months was not statistically significant (geometric means 67.1 kg and 69.5 kg for almonds and 66.3 kg and 66.3 kg for biscuits, P = 0.275). There were no statistically significant differences in changes for body composition or other non-dietary outcomes (all P ≥ 0.112). Absolute intakes of protein; total, polyunsaturated, and monosaturated fat; fibre; vitamin E; calcium; copper; magnesium; phosphorous; and zinc, and % TE from total monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat statistically significantly increased from baseline (all P ≤ 0.033), while % TE from carbohydrate and sugar statistically significantly (both P ≤ 0.014) decreased from baseline, in the almond compared to the biscuit group. CONCLUSIONS Almonds can be incorporated into the diets of habitual snackers to improve diet quality, without evidence for changes in body weight, compared to a popular discretionary snack food. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12618001758291 https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375610&isReview=true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Lara Ware
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Biostatistics Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alex Chisholm
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Chew STH, Tey SL, Yalawar M, Liu Z, Baggs G, How CH, Cheong M, Chow WL, Low YL, Huynh DTT, Tan NC. Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:997. [PMID: 36564733 PMCID: PMC9789557 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasingly strong association between sarcopenia and malnutrition in research findings. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years) at risk of malnutrition based on Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 811 participants. Participants were recruited from the general population, community centers, senior activity centers, polyclinics, and hospital. Community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition participated in the study. Participants' data and measurements were collected at the baseline visit. Data included socio-demographic information, anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietary intakes, and functional assessments. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. RESULTS Of the 694 participants with complete datasets, overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 76% (n = 530); 57% (n = 393) had severe sarcopenia. In the overall cohort, compared to participants without sarcopenia, those with sarcopenia were older, had lower physical activity scale for the elderly score, leg strength, handgrip endurance, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, and bone mass, and had lower dietary protein intake and poorer nutritional status (all p ≤ 0.015). After adjusting for confounders, sarcopenia was significantly associated with older age, male gender, higher risk of malnutrition, lower calf circumference, and lower bone mass (all p ≤ 0.044). CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition, there is a high prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. As such, screening positive for either malnutrition risk or sarcopenia in older adults should prompt screening for the other risk factor, to allow early institution of disease modifying interventions to forestall adverse outcomes for both malnutrition and sarcopenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03245047 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Teong Huang Chew
- grid.413815.a0000 0004 0469 9373Department of Geriatric Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- grid.497499.e0000 0004 0620 5859Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Menaka Yalawar
- Statistical Services, Cognizant Technologies Solution Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- grid.497499.e0000 0004 0620 5859Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Geraldine Baggs
- grid.417574.40000 0004 0366 7505Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Choon How How
- grid.413815.a0000 0004 0469 9373Care and Health Integration, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Magdalin Cheong
- grid.413815.a0000 0004 0469 9373Department of Dietetic & Food Services, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Leng Chow
- grid.413815.a0000 0004 0469 9373Health Services Research, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Ling Low
- grid.497499.e0000 0004 0620 5859Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dieu Thi Thu Huynh
- grid.497499.e0000 0004 0620 5859Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.490507.f0000 0004 0620 9761SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
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Brown R, Ware L, Gray A, Tey SL, Chisholm A. Consuming Almonds or Biscuits for 1-Year: Effects on Body Weight, Satiety, and Diet Quality. Curr Dev Nutr 2022. [PMCID: PMC9193358 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac054.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Given almonds are rich in unsaturated fat, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients, they may provide health benefits over other common snack foods. Many studies report health benefits with regular almond consumption, with no evidence for adverse effects on body weight. However, most interventions have been relatively short and longer studies are needed to support recommendations. Our 12-month trial compared the effects of consuming almonds versus biscuits on body weight and composition, satiety, and diet quality. Methods We randomly assigned 136 community-living adults (74% female, mean age 36 years, BMI < 30 kg/m2) who reported that they regularly snacked on discretionary foods to receive almonds or biscuits daily for one year. These isocaloric snacks provided either 10% of participants’ total energy requirements or 1030 kJ (equivalent to 42.5 g almonds), whichever provided greater energy. Body composition, assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and anthropometry were measured at baseline and 12 months. Diet quality was measured by 3-day weighed diet records at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months, along with subjective appetite ratings before and after consuming their study snack using visual analogue scales. Results In intention to treat analyses, there was no evidence that body weight changed differently from baseline to 12 months (geometric means 67.1 kg and 69.5 kg in the almond group and 66.3 kg and 66.3 kg in the biscuit group, p = 0.275). There was also no evidence of differences for changes in waist circumference, lean body mass, % body fat, or visceral fat between the groups (all p ≥ 0.180). Subjective appetite ratings did not differ between groups (all p ≥ 0.112). Absolute intakes of protein, fibre, vitamin E, calcium, copper, magnesium, phosphorous, zinc, and the % energy from total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat significantly increased in the almond compared to the biscuit group (all p ≤ 0.033). Conversely, the percentage of energy from carbohydrate (p = 0.004) and sugar (p = 0.014) significantly decreased for the almond compared to the biscuit group. Conclusions Providing almonds as snacks amongst regular consumers of discretionary snack foods for 12 months did not adversely affect body weight and composition, but improved diet quality compared to providing biscuits. Funding Sources Almond Board of California.
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George ES, Daly RM, Tey SL, Brown R, Wong THT, Tan SY. Perspective: Is it Time to Expand Research on "Nuts" to Include "Seeds"? Justifications and Key Considerations. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1016-1027. [PMID: 35333288 PMCID: PMC9340969 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of nuts reported throughout the literature are extensive and well established for reducing the risk of, and managing several chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cognition. Despite their comparable nutrient profile to nuts, seeds are often not assessed in clinical and epidemiological studies. Interestingly, dietary guidelines and recommendations often refer to "nuts and seeds" collectively, even though they are not consistently examined together in nutrition research when determining associated health benefits. The purpose of this review is to call for future nutrition research to consider combining nuts and seeds. This review provides justification for this proposal by summarizing current definitions for nuts and seeds and highlighting the similarities or dissimilarities in their nutrient compositions. Following this, we summarize current evidence on the health benefits of nuts and seeds, research gaps that should be addressed, and considerations for future research using both epidemiological and interventional study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tommy Hon Ting Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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Ong RHS, Chow WL, Cheong M, Lim GH, Xie W, Baggs G, Huynh DTT, Oh HC, How CH, Tan NC, Tey SL, Chew STH. Associations between socio-demographics, nutrition knowledge, nutrition competencies and attitudes in community-dwelling healthy older adults in Singapore: findings from the SHIELD study. J Health Popul Nutr 2021; 40:52. [PMID: 34895351 PMCID: PMC8665498 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Nutrition literacy refers to an individual’s knowledge, motivation and competencies to access, process and understand nutrition information to make nutrition-related decisions. It is known to influence dietary habits of individuals including older adults. This cross-sectional study was designed to: (1) understand the nutrition knowledge, competencies and attitudes of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore, (2) examine the differences between their nutrition knowledge, and socio-demographic factors, competencies and attitudes and (3) identify factors associated with better nutrition knowledge in older healthy adults in Singapore. Methods A total of 400 (183 males and 217 females) nourished community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above took part in this study. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used to determine individuals who were at low risk of undernutrition. Nutrition knowledge, competencies, attitudes and sources of nutrition information were measured using a locally developed scale. Nutrition knowledge scores were summed to form the nutrition knowledge index (NKI). Associations between NKI, competencies, attitudes and socio-demographic variables were examined using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Factors associated with NKI were determined using a stepwise regression model with resampling-based methods for model averaging. Results Bivariate analyses found significant differences in NKI scores for gender, monthly household earnings, type of housing, the self-reported ability to seek and understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends. Females had higher NKI scores compared to males (p < 0.001). Compared to females, more males left food decisions to others (p < 0.001), and fewer males reported consuming home-cooked food (p = 0.016). Differences in educational level were found for competencies like the self-reported ability to seek (p < 0.001) and verify nutrition information (p < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that being female, Chinese, self-reported ability to understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends were associated with higher NKI scores. Conclusions Our study revealed that nutrition knowledge of older males in Singapore was lower than females and more left food decisions to others. Nutrition education programs could be targeted at both the older male, their caregivers and minority ethnic groups. Trial Registration This study was registered on 7 August 2017 at clinicaltrials.gov (ref. NCT03240952).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai Leng Chow
- Health Services Research, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Magdalin Cheong
- Department of Dietetic and Food Services, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gladys Huiyun Lim
- Department of Dietetic and Food Services, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiyi Xie
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Geraldine Baggs
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dieu Thi Thu Huynh
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Choon Oh
- Health Services Research, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon How How
- Care and Health Integration, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Siew Ling Tey
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, Singapore
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Tey SL, Huynh DTT, Berde Y, Baggs G, How CH, Low YL, Cheong M, Chow WL, Tan NC, Chew STH. Prevalence of low muscle mass and associated factors in community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23071. [PMID: 34845250 PMCID: PMC8630119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The population is rapidly aging worldwide, and there is an age-related decline in muscle mass. Therefore, it is important to examine the prevalence and associated factors of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) in older adults. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were (i) to determine the prevalence of low ASMI (ASM/height2) and (ii) to identify factors associated with low ASMI. This study included 1211 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years. Low ASMI was defined as < 7.0 kg/m2 in males and < 5.7 kg/m2 in females (bioelectrical impedance analysis). Gender-specific cut-off values of calf circumference for low ASMI were determined. The prevalence of low ASMI in the overall cohort was 59.9%, i.e., 57.0% among males and 61.8% among females, with no significant difference between genders (P = 0.1068). The prevalence of low ASMI was 81.3% in individuals at risk of malnutrition compared to 20.6% in their counterparts with normal nutritional status (P < 0.0001). Participants with low ASMI were older, had lower physical activity scores, and greater likelihood of hospitalization in prior 6 months compared with normal ASMI (all P < 0.0001). Low ASMI was associated with risk of malnutrition (odds ratio: 3.58 for medium risk, odds ratio: 12.50 for high risk), older age, smoking, drinking, smaller calf circumference, and lower bone mass (all P ≤ 0.0328). Cut-off values of calf circumference for low ASMI for males was 33.4 cm and for females was 32.2 cm. In conclusion, we found that low ASMI was highly prevalent among community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition. Other significant factors associated with low ASMI were age, smoking, drinking, calf circumference, and bone mass. Screening community-dwelling older adults for risk of malnutrition can prevent or delay onset of low ASMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Tey
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
| | - Dieu Thi Thu Huynh
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Yatin Berde
- Statistical Services, Cognizant Technologies Solution Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Geraldine Baggs
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH, 43219, USA
| | - Choon How How
- Care and Health Integration, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore.,SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Yen Ling Low
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Magdalin Cheong
- Department of Dietetic & Food Services, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Wai Leng Chow
- Health Services Research, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, 150167, Singapore
| | - Samuel Teong Huang Chew
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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Chew STH, Tan NC, Cheong M, Oliver J, Baggs G, Choe Y, How CH, Chow WL, Tan CYL, Kwan SC, Husain FS, Low YL, Huynh DTT, Tey SL. Impact of specialized oral nutritional supplement on clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1879-1892. [PMID: 33268143 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The world's over-65 population is expanding rapidly, and the risk of malnutrition is prevalent in this population. Meeting nutritional needs is a recognized strategy to reduce and address multiple debilitating adverse health outcomes associated with malnutrition. The objective of this randomized, controlled trial was to determine the effects of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) containing beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), along with dietary counseling, on health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition. METHODS Strengthening Health In ELDerly through nutrition (SHIELD) studied adults aged ≥ 65 years in Singapore who were recruited between August 2017 and March 2019. Participants were community ambulant and classified as medium or high risk for malnutrition using Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Participants (n = 811) were randomly assigned to one of two study treatments for 180 days: (i) two servings/day of ONS containing HMB with dietary counseling (n = 405) or (ii) two servings/day of placebo supplement with dietary counseling (n = 406). The primary composite outcome was 'survival without hospital (re)admission and with at least 5% weight gain to day 180'. Dietary intakes, nutritional and functional outcomes were measured at baseline, 30, 90, and 180 days. RESULTS A higher proportion in intervention group met the 180-day primary composite outcome compared to placebo (33.4% vs. 8.7%, P < 0.001), largely driven by body weight component (36.2% vs. 9.4%, P < 0.001). Survival and hospital (re)admission rate were not significantly different between the groups. Weight, BMI, and mid upper arm circumference were significantly greater in the intervention group compared to placebo during the study (all P < 0.001), and at days 30, 90, and 180 (all P < 0.05). The odds of having better nutritional status during the study were also significantly higher in the intervention group compared to placebo, as measured using MUST risk (OR = 2.68, P < 0.001) and vitamin D status (OR = 4.23, P < 0.001). Intervention group had significantly higher energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes than the placebo group (all P ≤ 0.017). Leg strength at day 90 was significantly greater for the intervention group than for the placebo group (LSM ± SE: 12.85 ± 0.22 vs. 12.17 ± 0.22; P = 0.030). Handgrip strength for females was significantly higher at day 180 for the intervention group compared to placebo (LSM ± SE: 14.18 ± 0.17 vs. 13.70 ± 0.17; P = 0.048). Within the low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) subgroup, the intervention group had significantly greater calf circumference at days 90 and 180 compared to placebo (both P ≤ 0.0289). CONCLUSIONS For community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition, daily consumption of specialized ONS containing HMB and vitamin D for six months, along with dietary counseling, significantly improved nutritional and functional outcomes compared to placebo supplement with dietary counseling. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.govNCT03245047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Teong Huang Chew
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore; SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore
| | - Magdalin Cheong
- Department of Dietetic & Food Services, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jeffery Oliver
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Geraldine Baggs
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yong Choe
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Choon How How
- SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore; Care and Health Integration, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wai Leng Chow
- Health Services Research, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Yen Ling Low
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
| | - Dieu Thi Thu Huynh
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
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Kumari S, Gray AR, Webster K, Bailey K, Reid M, Kelvin KAH, Tey SL, Chisholm A, Brown RC. Does 'activating' nuts affect nutrient bioavailability? Food Chem 2020; 319:126529. [PMID: 32199146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Claims in the lay literature suggest soaking nuts enhances mineral bioavailability. Research on legumes and grains indicate soaking reduces phytate levels, however, there is no evidence to support or refute these claims for nuts. We assessed the effects of different soaking regimes on phytate and mineral concentrations of whole and chopped almonds, hazelnuts, peanuts, and walnuts. The treatments were: 1. Raw; 2. soaked for 12 h in salt solution; 3. soaked for 4 h in salt solution; 4. soaked for 12 h in water. Phytate concentrations were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and minerals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Differences in phytate concentrations between treated and untreated nuts were small, ranging from -12% to +10%. Overall, soaking resulted in lower mineral concentrations, especially for chopped nuts, and did not improve phytate:mineral molar ratios. This research does not support claims that 'activating' nuts results in greater nutrient bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kumari
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, New Zealand.
| | - Kirsten Webster
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, New Zealand.
| | - Karl Bailey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, New Zealand.
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, New Zealand.
| | | | - Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, New Zealand.
| | - Alexandra Chisholm
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, New Zealand.
| | - Rachel C Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, New Zealand.
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Tran NT, Nguyen LT, Berde Y, Low YL, Tey SL, Huynh DTT. Maternal nutritional adequacy and gestational weight gain and their associations with birth outcomes among Vietnamese women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:468. [PMID: 31801514 PMCID: PMC6894140 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During pregnancy, a mother’s nutritional needs increase to meet the added nutrient demands for fetal growth and development. An enhanced understanding of adequate nutrition and sufficient weight gain during pregnancy can guide development of policies and strategies for maternal nutrition care, actions that will ultimately promote better pregnancy outcomes. In a sample of pregnant women in Vietnam, this study characterized maternal nutrition status and gestational weight gain at a mid-pregnancy baseline, then examined the association of these variables with specific birth outcomes. Methods The study used baseline data from a randomized, controlled trial that compared pregnant Vietnamese women who received a nutritional intervention group with those who received only standard dietary counseling (control group). At baseline (26–29 weeks gestation), mothers’ dietary reports were collected, and intake of 10 macro- and micronutrients was estimated; data for baseline gestational weight gain was collected for all pregnant women enrolled into the study (n = 228). This analysis also used weights, lengths, and head circumferences at birth for infants of mothers in the control group. Results At baseline, 95% of the pregnant women had concurrent inadequacies for more than five nutrients, and nearly half had concurrent inadequacies for more than ten nutrients. Almost two-thirds of the pregnant women did not meet recommendations for gestational weight gain. We found a significant, inverse association between the number of nutrient inadequacies and gestational weight gain (overall p ≤ 0.045). After adjusting for potential confounders, gestational weight gain was positively associated with birth weight, length at birth, birth weight-for-age z-score and length-for-age z-score (all p ≤ 0.006). Conclusions Our findings raise concern over the high proportion of pregnant women in Vietnam who have multiple concurrent nutrient inadequacies and who fall short of meeting recommended gestational weight gain standards. To ensure better birth outcomes in this population, policies and strategies to improve the status of maternal nutrition are greatly needed. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov on December 20, 2013, registration identifier: NCT02016586.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Thuy Tran
- Micronutrient Research and Application, National Institution of Nutrition, 48B Tang Ba Ho, Hai Ba Trung District, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Lam Thi Nguyen
- Clinical Nutrition, National Institution of Nutrition, 48B Tang Ba Ho, Hai Ba Trung District, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Yatin Berde
- Statistical Services, Cognizant Technologies Solution Pvt. Ltd, Hiranandani Business Park, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Yen Ling Low
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, 20 Biopolis Way, Unit 09-01/02 Centros Building, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, 20 Biopolis Way, Unit 09-01/02 Centros Building, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Dieu Thi Thu Huynh
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, 20 Biopolis Way, Unit 09-01/02 Centros Building, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
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Tey SL, Chew STH, How CH, Yalawar M, Baggs G, Chow WL, Cheong M, Ong RHS, Husain FS, Kwan SC, Tan CYL, Low YL, Tan NC, Huynh DTT. Factors associated with muscle mass in community-dwelling older people in Singapore: Findings from the SHIELD study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223222. [PMID: 31596873 PMCID: PMC6785067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aging is associated with low muscle mass and has been linked to adverse health outcomes. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were: (1) to describe anthropometry, body composition, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI; appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height2), and prevalence of low ASMI in older people with normal nutritional status (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score = 0); (2) to determine factors associated with ASMI, and odds ratios of having low ASMI. Methods SHIELD is a study of community-dwelling older people aged 65 years and above in Singapore. ASMI was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis and low ASMI was defined as <7.0 kg/m2 for males and <5.7 kg/m2 for females (Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, 2014). Results A total of 400 older people (183 males and 217 females) took part in this study. The overall prevalence of low ASMI was 20.6% (15.5% in males and 24.9% in females). Females had significantly lower ASMI than males (P < 0.0001), age was inversely associated with ASMI (P = 0.0024) while BMI and calf circumference were positively associated with ASMI (both P < 0.0001) in the total cohort. In addition, ASMI was positively associated with bone mass in both genders (both P < 0.0001). After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratios of having low ASMI with every 1 year and 10 years increase in age were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.20) and 3.36 (95% CI: 1.82, 6.21) respectively. Conclusions The high prevalence of low ASMI in community-dwelling older people with normal nutritional status highlights the need for early screening. There was a strong inverse association between age and ASMI while BMI, calf circumference and bone mass were positively associated with ASMI. These findings will give further weight to the importance and development of public health strategies in maintaining and improving muscle health in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Tey
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Choon How How
- Care and Health Integration, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
- SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore
| | - Menaka Yalawar
- Statistical Services, Cognizant Technologies Solution Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Geraldine Baggs
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wai Leng Chow
- Health Services Research, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Magdalin Cheong
- Department of Dietetic & Food Services, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Yen Ling Low
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore
| | - Dieu Thi Thu Huynh
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Taste perception plays a key role in consumer acceptance and food choice, which has an important impact on human health. Our aim was to examine the relationship between recognition thresholds for five basic tastes (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami) in Chinese and Indians in relation to their dietary intake. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included 114 subjects (60 Chinese, 54 Indians). Taste thresholds were determined using a forced choice method and dietary intakes were assessed using an estimated three-day food diary. RESULTS Indians had significantly higher recognition thresholds for sweet, salty, sour, umami and bitter tastes compared to Chinese (all p0.047). Overall energy intake was not significantly different between the Chinese and Indians. Correlations between taste and diet between the Chinese and Indians were not significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Future work is needed to further understand how differences in taste perception may influence dietary intakes between ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Leong Shu-Fen
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Taste perception plays a key role in consumer acceptance and food choice, which has an important impact on human health. Our aim was to examine the relationship between taste intensities and preferences of sweet (sucrose), salty (sodium chloride and potassium chloride), sour (citric acid), and bitter (quinine and phenylthiocarbamide) in relation to dietary intake and dietary patterns in people of Chinese ancestry. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included 100 adult Singaporean Chinese (50 women). A validated taste methodology was used with taste solutions provided by Monell Chemical Senses Center. Dietary intake and patterns were assessed by dietary recalls. RESULTS There was little relationship between taste intensity and tastant preference in regard to background dietary intake or pattern. Tastant differentiation was reliable, but there was some confusion in regard to the rating of saltiness as sourness. CONCLUSIONS There was a salty-sour confusion among Singaporean Chinese unlike the bitter-sour confusion reported for Caucasians. Most sodium came from sauces and was added during food preparation. In programs to address sodium: potassium ratio excess among Chinese prone to hypertension and stroke, sour as well as salty taste may need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Shu-Fen Leong
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences. .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore
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13
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Abstract
The proportion of adults aged over 60 years in the world is expected to reach 20% by the year 2050. Ageing is associated with several physiological changes that increase the risk of malnutrition among this population. Malnutrition is characterized by deficiencies or insufficiencies of macro- and micronutrients. Malnutrition has detrimental effects on the health, wellbeing, and quality of life in older adults. Nuts are rich in energy, unsaturated fats, and protein, as well as other nutrients that provide a range of health benefits. While the effects of nuts on overnutrition have been studied extensively, very few studies have been specifically designed to understand the role of nuts in mitigating undernutrition in the elderly. Therefore, this review explores the potential role of nuts in improving the nutritional status of older adults who are at risk of undernutrition. Several properties of whole nuts, some of which appear important for addressing overnutrition, (e.g., hardness, lower-than-expected nutrient availability, satiety-enhancing effects) may limit their effectiveness as a food to combat undernutrition. However, we propose that modifications such as transforming the physical form of nuts, addressing the timing of nut ingestion, and introducing variety may overcome these barriers. This review also discusses the feasibility of using nuts to prevent and reverse undernutrition among older adults. We conclude with a recommendation to conduct clinical studies in the future to test this conceptual framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Yen Tan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Rachel Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Brown RC, Gray AR, Yong LC, Chisholm A, Leong SL, Tey SL. A comparison of perceptions of nuts between the general public, dietitians, general practitioners, and nurses. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5500. [PMID: 30221085 PMCID: PMC6138036 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nut consumption at the population level remains low despite the well-documented benefits of their consumption, including their cardioprotective effects. Studies have suggested that advice from health professionals may be a means to increase nut consumption levels. Understanding how nuts are perceived by the public and health professionals, along with understanding the public's perceptions of motivators of and deterrents to consuming nuts, may inform the development of initiatives to improve on these low levels of consumption. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare perceptions of nuts among three groups of health professionals (dietitians, general practioners, and practice nurses) and the general public in New Zealand (NZ), along with motivators of and deterrents to consuming nuts amongst the general public and their experiences of receiving advice around nut consumption. METHODS The NZ electoral roll was used to identify dietitians, general practitioners (GPs), and practice nurses, based on their free-text occupation descriptions, who were then invited to complete a questionnaire with 318, 292, and 149 respondents respectively. 1,600 members of the general public were randomly selected from the roll with 710 respondents. Analyses were performed using chi-squared tests to look at differences in categorical variables and linear regression for differences in other variables between the four survey groups. RESULTS Although there were significant differences between the four groups regarding the perceptions of nuts, in general there was agreement that nuts are healthy, high in protein and fat, are filling, and some nuts are high in selenium. We noted frequent agreement that the general public participants would consume more if nuts: improved health (67%), were more affordable (60%), or improved the nutrient content (59%) and balance of fats (58%) within their diets. Over half the respondents reported they would eat more nuts if they were advised to do so by a dietitian or doctor, despite less than 4% reporting they had received such advice. The most frequently selected deterrents to increasing nut consumption were: cost (67%), potential weight gain (66%), and leading to eating too much fat (63%). DISCUSSION It is concerning that so few among the general public report receiving advice to consume more nuts from health professionals, especially given their apparent responsiveness to such advice. Health professionals could exploit the motivators of nut consumption, while also addressing the deterrents, to promote nut intake. These factors should also be addressed in public health messages to encourage regular nut consumption among the public. Educational initiatives could also be used to improve the nutritional knowledge of GPs and practice nurses with regard to nuts, although even dietitians were unsure of their knowledge in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Clare Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Robert Gray
- Biostatistics Unit, Dean’s Office, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lee Ching Yong
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alex Chisholm
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sook Ling Leong
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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15
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Zhang Z, Tran NT, Nguyen TS, Nguyen LT, Berde Y, Tey SL, Low YL, Huynh DTT. Impact of maternal nutritional supplementation in conjunction with a breastfeeding support program during the last trimester to 12 weeks postpartum on breastfeeding practices and child development at 30 months old. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200519. [PMID: 30011318 PMCID: PMC6047798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding is important for the healthy growth and development of the fetus and infant. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of a maternal milk supplementation (MMS) in conjunction with a breastfeeding support program on breastfeeding practices including duration of any breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding and child neurodevelopment outcomes at 30 months old. Methods We followed up the offspring of 204 Vietnamese women who completed a randomized controlled trial where the intervention group received MMS with a breastfeeding support program from the last trimester to 12 weeks postpartum while the control group received standard care. At 30 months postpartum, information on child feeding practices was collected and child neurodevelopment was assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III). Results There was no significant difference in the duration of any breastfeeding (ABF) from birth between the groups. However, the intervention group had longer exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) duration (p = 0.0172), higher EBF rate at 6 months (p = 0.0093) and lower risk of discontinuing EBF (p = 0.0071) than the control. Children in the intervention group had significantly higher Bayley-III composite scores in the domains of cognitive (p = 0.0498) and motor (p = 0.0422) functions, as well as a tendency toward better social-emotional behavior (p = 0.0513) than children in the control group. The association between maternal intervention and child development was attenuated after further adjustment for birth weight but not EBF duration, suggesting that improvements in child development may be partially attributed to the benefits of prenatal nutrition supplementation on birth outcomes. Conclusions MMS with breastfeeding support during late pregnancy and early postpartum significantly improved EBF practices. The intervention was also associated with improvements in neurodevelopment in children at 30 months old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zhang
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
| | - Nga T. Tran
- National Institute of Nutrition, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tu S. Nguyen
- National Institute of Nutrition, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Yatin Berde
- Statistical Services, Cognizant Technologies Solution Pvt. Ltd., Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
| | - Yen Ling Low
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
| | - Dieu T. T. Huynh
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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16
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Tey SL, Salleh N, Henry CJ, Forde CG. Effects of Consuming Preloads with Different Energy Density and Taste Quality on Energy Intake and Postprandial Blood Glucose. Nutrients 2018; 10:E161. [PMID: 29385055 PMCID: PMC5852737 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of reduced energy dense foods and drink has the potential to reduce energy intake and postprandial blood glucose concentrations. In addition, the taste quality of a meal (e.g., sweet or savoury) may play a role in satiation and food intake. The objective of this randomised crossover study was to examine whether energy density and taste quality has an impact on energy intake and postprandial blood glucose response. Using a preload design, participants were asked to consume a sweet ("Cheng Teng") or a savoury (broth) preload soup in high energy density (HED; around 0.50 kcal/g; 250 kcal) or low energy density (LED; around 0.12 kcal/g; 50 kcal) in mid-morning and an ad libitum lunch was provided an hour after the preload. Participants recorded their food intake for the rest of the day after they left the study site. Energy compensation and postprandial blood glucose response were measured in 32 healthy lean males (mean age = 28.9 years, mean BMI = 22.1 kg/m²). There was a significant difference in ad libitum lunch intake between treatments (p = 0.012), with higher intake in sweet LED and savoury LED compared to sweet HED and savoury HED. Energy intake at subsequent meals and total daily energy intake did not differ between the four treatments (both p ≥ 0.214). Consumption of HED preloads resulted in a larger spike in postprandial blood glucose response compared with LED preloads, irrespective of taste quality (p < 0.001). Energy density rather than taste quality plays an important role in energy compensation and postprandial blood glucose response. This suggests that regular consumption of low energy-dense foods has the potential to reduce overall energy intake and to improve glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Tey
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Nurhazwani Salleh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
| | - Ciaran G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
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17
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Brown RC, Gray AR, Tey SL, Chisholm A, Burley V, Greenwood DC, Cade J. Associations between Nut Consumption and Health Vary between Omnivores, Vegetarians, and Vegans. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111219. [PMID: 29113145 PMCID: PMC5707691 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular nut consumption is associated with reduced risk factors for chronic disease; however, most population-based studies lack consideration of effect modification by dietary pattern. The UK Women’s Cohort Study (UKWCS) provides an ideal opportunity to examine relationships between nut consumption and chronic disease risk factors in a large sample with diverse dietary patterns. Nut and nutrient intake from 34,831 women was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire among self-identified omnivores, vegetarians and vegans. In this cross-sectional analysis, higher nut consumption was associated with lower body weight (difference between highest and lowest consumption categories from adjusted model: 6.1 kg; 95% CI: 4.7, 7.6) body mass index (BMI, 2.4 units difference; 95% CI: 1.9, 2.9), and waist circumference (2.6 cm difference; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.8) (all p for linear trend < 0.001). Higher nut consumption was also associated with reduced prevalence of high cholesterol and high blood pressure; having a history of heart attack, diabetes and gallstones; and markers of diet quality (all adjusted p for linear trend ≤ 0.011). Higher nut consumption appeared overall to be associated with greater benefits amongst omnivores compared to vegetarians and vegans. Findings support existing literature around beneficial effects of nut consumption and suggest that benefits may be larger among omnivores. Nut promotion strategies may have the highest population impact by specifically targeting this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9014, New Zealand.
- Nutrition Society of New Zealand, Whanganui 4543, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9014, New Zealand.
| | - Alexandra Chisholm
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9014, New Zealand.
| | - Victoria Burley
- Nutrition Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Janet Cade
- Nutrition Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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18
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Taylor H, Webster K, Gray AR, Tey SL, Chisholm A, Bailey K, Kumari S, Brown RC. The effects of ‘activating’ almonds on consumer acceptance and gastrointestinal tolerance. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2771-2783. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tey SL, Salleh NB, Henry CJ, Forde CG. Effects of non-nutritive (artificial vs natural) sweeteners on 24-h glucose profiles. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1129-1132. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the effects of consuming different forms (bite size, puree) and two fruit types (guava, papaya) on glycemic response (GR) in elderly and young adults. DESIGN This study was conducted using a randomized, crossover design. PARTICIPANTS Nineteen healthy participants (9 elderly, 10 young adults) were recruited from the general public in Singapore. INTERVENTION Participants consumed glucose (reference food) on three occasions and test fruits (guava bites, guava puree, papaya bites, and papaya puree) on one occasion each. MEASUREMENTS Blood glucose was analyzed prior to consuming the test food, at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after food consumption. RESULTS The incremental area under the blood glucose response curve (iAUC) over 120 minutes for all the treatments was significantly lower than glucose (all P < 0.001). All fruit forms and types studied were low glycemic index (GI) (guava bites: 29; papaya bites: 38; papaya puree: 42; guava puree: 47), albeit a significant difference in GI between the treatments was found (P = 0.003). Elderly exhibited significantly greater GR than young participants (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Although fruit form influences GR in the elderly and young adults, all fruit types and forms studied were found to be low GI. This study indicates that fruits are a valuable source of nutrient irrespective of the form of delivery in elderly and young adults. This study was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12614000655640.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Tey
- Professor Christiani Jeyakumar Henry, Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore,
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Abstract
PURPOSE A limited number of studies have compared the glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic responses (GR) to solid foods between Caucasians and Asians. These studies have demonstrated that Asians have greater GI and GR values for solid foods than Caucasians. However, no study has compared the GI and GR to liquids among various Asian ethnic groups. METHODS A total of forty-eight males and females (16 Chinese, 16 Indians, and 16 Malay) took part in this randomised, crossover study. Glycaemic response to the reference food (glucose beverage) was measured on three occasions, and GR to three liquids were measured on one occasion each. Liquids with different macronutrient ratio's and carbohydrate types were chosen to be able to evaluate the response to products with different GIs. Blood glucose concentrations were measured in duplicate at baseline (-5 and 0 min) and once at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the commencement of beverage consumption. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in GI and GR between the three liquids (P < 0.01 in all cases). However, there were no statistically significant differences in GI and GR for the liquids between the ethnic groups (Chinese vs. Indian vs. Malay). CONCLUSION The GR for three different types of liquid nutritional supplements did not differ between the three main ethnic groups in Asia. It appears that the GI of liquid food derived from one Asian ethnicity can be applicable to other Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Tey
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Ardy Van Helvoort
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
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Bi X, Tey SL, Leong C, Quek R, Loo YT, Henry CJ. Correlation of adiposity indices with cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy adults of Singapore: a cross-sectional study. BMC Obes 2016; 3:33. [PMID: 27398222 PMCID: PMC4936162 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity has long been highlighted for its association with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nonetheless, the best adiposity indices to evaluate the CVD risk factors remain contentious and few studies have been performed in Asian populations. In the present study, we compared the association strength of percent body fat (PBF) to indirect anthropometric measures of general adiposity (body mass index (BMI) and body adiposity index (BAI)) and central adiposity (waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) for the prediction of CVD risk factors in healthy men and women living in Singapore. Methods A total of 125 individuals (63 men and 62 women) took part in this study. PBF was measured by using three different techniques, including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), BOD POD, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Anthropometric measurements (WC, hip circumference (HC), height, and weight), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FSI), and lipid profiles were determined according to standard protocols. Correlations of anthropometric measurements and PBF with CVD risk factors were compared. Results Irrespective of the measuring techniques, PBF showed strong positive correlations with FSI, HOMA-IR, TC/HDL, TG/HDL, and LDL/HDL in both genders. While PBF was highly correlated with FBG, SBP, and DBP in females, no significant relationships were observed in males. Amongst the five anthropometric measures of adiposity, BAI was the best predictor for CVD risk factors in female participants (r = 0.593 for HOMA-IR, r = 0.542 for TG/HDL, r = 0.474 for SBP, and r = 0.448 for DBP). For males, the combination of WC (r = 0.629 for HOMA-IR, and r = 0.446 for TG/HDL) and WHR (r = 0.352 for SBP, and r = 0.366 for DBP) had the best correlation with CVD risk factors. Conclusion Measurement of PBF does not outperform the simple anthropometric measurements of obesity, i.e. BAI, WC, and WHR, in the prediction of CVD risk factors in healthy Asian adults. While measures of central adiposity (WC and WHR) tend to show stronger associations with CVD risk factors in males, measures of general adiposity (BAI) seems to be the best predictor in females. The gender differences in the association between adiposity indices and CVD risk factors may relate to different body fat distribution in males and females living in Singapore. These results may find further clinical utility to identify patients with CVD risk factors in a more efficient way. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-016-0114-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609 Singapore
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609 Singapore
| | - Claudia Leong
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609 Singapore
| | - Rina Quek
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609 Singapore
| | - Yi Ting Loo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609 Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609 Singapore ; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
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Pearson KR, Tey SL, Gray AR, Chisholm A, Brown RC. Energy compensation and nutrient displacement following regular consumption of hazelnuts and other energy-dense snack foods in non-obese individuals. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1255-1267. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bi X, Tey SL, Leong C, Quek R, Henry CJ. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Singapore: Its Implications to Cardiovascular Risk Factors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147616. [PMID: 26799569 PMCID: PMC4723156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D deficiency is a global health challenge and has been linked to type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. However, the relationship between vitamin D status, body composition, and cardiovascular risks has not been well characterized in Asian populations. The objectives of this study were to examine the factors associated with the low vitamin D levels in a sunny tropical region and to assess the role of vitamin D status in cardiovascular risk factors. Design and Methods This was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and fourteen healthy participants (59 males and 55 females) residing in Singapore took part in this study. Plasma 25OH-D3 concentration was measured by using LC-MS/MS. Body fat (%) was measured by using three different techniques including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), BOD POD, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Basic anthropometric measurements, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FSI), and lipid profiles were obtained using standard protocols. Results Approximately 42% of the participants were vitamin D deficient (< 20 ng/mL). Vitamin D status was inversely associated with body fat (%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) ratio, while positively associated with lean body mass (LBM) and hand grip strength (HGS). Conclusions The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a sunny tropical region reinforces the need to recognize that sunlight alone is not the precursor for optimal vitamin D status. This raises the need to investigate public health measures that will encourage exposure to sunlight without overexposure that is harmful to skin. More importantly, vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular risks, i.e. HOMA-IR, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL. Future studies should attempt to elucidate the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07–02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07–02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Claudia Leong
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07–02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Rina Quek
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07–02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07–02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Brown RC, Tey SL, Gray AR, Chisholm A, Smith C, Fleming E, Parnell W. Association of Nut Consumption with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the 2008/2009 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2015; 7:7523-42. [PMID: 26371037 PMCID: PMC4586546 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption has been associated with improvements in risk factors for chronic disease in populations within North America, Europe and Iran. This relationship has not been investigated in New Zealand (NZ). The associations between nut consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors among New Zealanders were examined. Data from the 24-h diet recalls of 4721 participants from the NZ Adult Nutrition Survey 2008/2009 (2008/2009 NZANS) were used to determine whole and total nut intake. Anthropometric data and blood pressure were collected, as well as blood samples analysed for total cholesterol (total-C) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP) and folate. Participants were classified according to their five-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Both whole and total nut consumers had significantly lower weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and central adiposity than non-nut consumers (all p ≤ 0.044). Whole blood, serum and red blood cell folate concentrations were significantly higher among whole nut consumers compared to non-whole nut consumers (all p ≤ 0.014), with only serum folate higher in total nut consumers compared to non-total nut consumers (p = 0.023). There were no significant differences for blood pressure, total-C, HDL-C and HbA1c; however, significant negative associations between total nut consumption and CVD risk category (p < 0.001) and CRP (p = 0.045) were apparent. Nut consumption was associated with more favourable body composition and a number of risk factors, which could collectively reduce chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.
- Nutrition Society of New Zealand, Whanganui 4543, New Zealand.
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Alexandra Chisholm
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.
| | - Claire Smith
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.
- Nutrition Society of New Zealand, Whanganui 4543, New Zealand.
| | - Elizabeth Fleming
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.
| | - Winsome Parnell
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.
- Nutrition Society of New Zealand, Whanganui 4543, New Zealand.
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Tey SL, Delahunty C, Gray A, Chisholm A, Brown RC. Effects of regular consumption of different forms of almonds and hazelnuts on acceptance and blood lipids. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:483-7. [PMID: 25433502 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regular nut consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk. No study has compared the effects of regular consumption of different types and forms of nuts on acceptance, which is a crucial determinant of long-term compliance to consume nuts regularly. METHODS This study examined the effects of different types and forms of raw, unpeeled nuts on acceptance and the effects of nut consumption on blood lipids through a randomised crossover study with six dietary phases: 30 g/day of ground, sliced, or whole almonds or hazelnuts for 5 days each (n = 74). Acceptance ('desire' and 'liking') for nuts was measured daily using visual analogue scales. Blood lipids were measured at baseline and week 6. RESULTS Acceptance was stable over all conditions, but there were differences between nut forms (ground < sliced < whole, P < 0.001 for both 'desire' and 'liking') with some nut type-nut form interactions. Compared with baseline, week 6 HDL-C was higher (0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.02-0.10, P = 0.002) while LDL-C and total-C:HDL-C ratio were lower (0.15 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.06-0.25, P = 0.002 and 0.25, 95% CI 0.07-0.43, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, acceptance was stable for all combinations but was highest for whole nuts. Six weeks of nut consumption improved blood lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Tey
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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Tey SL, Gray AR, Chisholm AW, Delahunty CM, Brown RC. The dose of hazelnuts influences acceptance and diet quality but not inflammatory markers and body composition in overweight and obese individuals. J Nutr 2013; 143:1254-62. [PMID: 23761651 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.174714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular nut consumption may improve markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The quantity of nuts required to achieve these health benefits without compromising body weight and acceptance is unknown. This study compared the effects of incorporating hazelnuts at 2 different doses with a diet without nuts on inflammatory markers, cell adhesion molecules, and body composition in 107 overweight and obese individuals. This was a randomized, controlled, parallel 12-wk intervention including 3 treatment arms: no nuts (control group), 30 g/d of hazelnuts, or 60 g/d of hazelnuts. Blood pressure, body composition, plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), lipid, and apolipoprotein (apo) profiles were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 wk. "Desire" and "liking" for nuts were assessed during the intervention. Results showed no significant differences in follow-up clinical outcomes between groups after adjusting for baseline values, age, sex, and BMI (all P ≥ 0.10), except for a tendency toward improvement in VCAM-1 concentration in the 60-g/d nut group (P = 0.07). Hazelnut consumption significantly improved diet quality in a dose-response manner. Desire and liking for nuts remained stable in the 30-g/d group, whereas these ratings decreased significantly over time in the 60-g/d group (both P < 0.001). In conclusion, 12 wk of hazelnut consumption appears to have minimal effect on inflammatory markers and cell adhesion molecules in this group of healthy, normocholesterolemic overweight and obese individuals. Nut consumption improves diet quality without adversely affecting body composition. Consuming 30 g/d of nuts regularly is achievable, whereas 60 g/d appears to compromise desire and liking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Tey SL, Brown RC, Gray AR, Chisholm AW, Delahunty CM. Long-term consumption of high energy-dense snack foods on sensory-specific satiety and intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1038-47. [PMID: 22492367 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.030882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensory attributes of foods may have an important influence on intake because of sensory-specific satiety (SSS). Foods with high SSS may aid in body weight maintenance as a result of termination of consumption before metabolic satiety. No studies have investigated whether long-term exposure to a food might change SSS or how this affects food intake. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effects of daily consumption of 3 energy-dense snack foods (hazelnuts, chocolate, and potato chips) for 12 wk on SSS and ad libitum intake during a tasting session. DESIGN One hundred eighteen participants took part in this randomized, controlled, parallel study with 4 arms: control group (no additional food) or ∼1100 kJ/d for each snack. SSS, food intake, and body composition were measured at baseline and at week 12. RESULTS Daily consumption of snacks for 12 wk resulted in a statistically significant reduction in SSS in all 3 snack groups (P = 0.015). However, no such changes were seen in the control group (P = 0.608). Ad libitum energy intake increased over the study during the tasting sessions for the snack food across all groups, including the control group (P = 0.039). Inverse associations were found between baseline SSS and BMI (P = 0.039), percentage body fat (P = 0.013), and fat mass (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Habitual consumption of a high energy-dense snack food results in a decrease in SSS, which could lead to a higher energy intake of the snack. This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12609000265279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Tey SL, Brown RC, Chisholm AW, Delahunty CM, Gray AR, Williams SM. Effects of different forms of hazelnuts on blood lipids and α-tocopherol concentrations in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 65:117-24. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tey SL, Brown R, Chisholm A, Delahunty C. The physical form of hazelnuts does not alter their effect on plasma cholesterol. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1092.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Tey
- Human NutritionUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Rachel Brown
- Human NutritionUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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