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Segú H, Jalševac F, Sierra-Cruz M, Feliu F, Movassat J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay MT. Assessing the impact of insect protein sources on intestinal health and disease: insights from human ex vivo and rat in vivo models. Food Funct 2024; 15:4552-4563. [PMID: 38584501 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of edible insects, specifically Alphitobius diaperinus and Tenebrio molitor, as sustainable sources of protein for human consumption is an emerging field. However, research into their effects on intestinal health, especially in relation to inflammation and permeability, remains limited. Using ex vivo and in vivo models of intestinal health and disease, in this study we assess the impact of the above insects on intestinal function by focusing on inflammation, barrier dysfunction and morphological changes. Initially, human intestinal explants were exposed to in vitro-digested extracts of these insects, almond and beef. Immune secretome analysis showed that the inflammatory response to insect-treated samples was comparatively lower than it was for samples exposed to almond and beef. Animal studies using yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and buffalo (Alphitobius diaperinus) flours were then used to evaluate their safety in healthy rats and LPS-induced intestinal dysfunction rats. Chronic administration of these insect-derived flours showed no adverse effects on behavior, metabolism, intestinal morphology or immune response (such as inflammation or allergy markers) in healthy Wistar rats. Notably, in rats subjected to proinflammatory LPS-induced intestinal dysfunction, T. molitor consumption did not exacerbate symptoms, nor did it increase allergic responses. These findings validate the safety of these edible insects under healthy conditions, demonstrate their innocuity in a model of intestinal dysfunction, and underscore their promise as sustainable and nutritionally valuable dietary protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Segú
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Florijan Jalševac
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Feliu
- Servei de Gastroenterologia, Institut Sanitari Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Descamps-Solà M, Vilalta A, Jalsevac F, Blay MT, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Pinent M, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Ardévol A. Bitter taste receptors along the gastrointestinal tract: comparison between humans and rodents. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1215889. [PMID: 37712001 PMCID: PMC10498470 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1215889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) were thought to be located only in the mouth and to serve as sensors for nutrients and harmful substances. However, in recent years Tas2r have also been reported in extraoral tissues such as the skin, the lungs, and the intestine, where their function is still uncertain. To better understand the physiological role of these receptors, in this paper we focused on the intestine, an organ in which their activation may be similar to the receptors found in the mouth. We compare the relative presence of these receptors along the gastrointestinal tract in three main species of biomedical research (mice, rats and humans) using sequence homology. Current data from studies of rodents are scarce and while more data are available in humans, they are still deficient. Our results indicate, unexpectedly, that the reported expression profiles do not always coincide between species even if the receptors are orthologs. This may be due not only to evolutionary divergence of the species but also to their adaptation to different dietary patterns. Further studies are needed in order to develop an integrated vision of these receptors and their physiological functionality along the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, MoBioFood Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, MoBioFood Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
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Miguéns-Gómez A, Sierra-Cruz M, Blay MT, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. GSPE Pre-Treatment Exerts Long-Lasting Preventive Effects against Aging-Induced Changes in the Colonic Enterohormone Profile of Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097807. [PMID: 37175514 PMCID: PMC10177949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact that healthy aging can have on society has raised great interest in understanding aging mechanisms. However, the effects this biological process may have on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have not yet been fully described. Results in relation to changes observed in the enteroendocrine system along the GIT are controversial. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) have been shown to protect against several pathologies associated with aging. Based on previous results, we hypothesized that a GSPE pre-treatment could prevent the aging processes that affect the enteroendocrine system. To test this hypothesis, we treated 21-month-old female rats with GSPE for 10 days. Eleven weeks after the treatment, we analyzed the effects of GSPE by comparing these aged animals with young animals. Aging induced a greater endocrine response to stimulation in the upper GIT segments (cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)), a decrease in the mRNA abundance of GLP-1, peptide YY (PYY) and chromogranin A (ChgA) in the colon, and an increase in colonic butyrate. GSPE-treated rats were protected against a decrease in enterohormone expression in the colon. This effect is not directly related to the abundance of microbiome or short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) at this location. GSPE may therefore be effective in preventing a decrease in the colonic abundance of enterohormone expression induced by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miguéns-Gómez
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
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Miguéns-Gómez A, Sierra-Cruz M, Pérez-Vendrell AM, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Differential effects of a cafeteria diet and GSPE preventive treatments on the enterohormone secretions of aged vs. young female rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:10491-10500. [PMID: 36148543 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed derived procyanidins (GSPE) have been shown to effectively prevent intestinal disarrangements induced by a cafeteria diet in young rats. However, little is known about the effects of procyanidins and cafeteria diet on enterohormone secretion in aged rats, as the ageing processes modify these effects. To study these effects in aged rats, we subjected 21-month-old and young 2-month-old female rats to two sub-chronic preventive GSPE treatments. After three months of cafeteria diet administration, we analysed the basal and stimulated secretion and mRNA expression of CCK, PYY and GLP-1, caecal SCFA and intestinal sizes. We found that the effects of a cafeteria diet on the basal duodenal CCK secretion are age dependent. GLP-1 in the ileum was not modified regardless of the rat's age, and GSPE preventive effects differed in the two age groups. GSPE pre-treatment reduced GLP-1, PYY and ChgA in mRNA in aged ileum tissue, while the cafeteria diet increased these in aged colon. The GSPE treatments only modified low-abundance SCFAs. The cafeteria diet in aged rats increases the caecum size differently from that in young rats and GSPE pre-treatment prevents this increase. Therefore, ageing modifies nutrient sensing, and the cafeteria diet acts mainly on the duodenum and colon, while procyanidins have a larger effect on the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miguéns-Gómez
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Maria Pérez-Vendrell
- Monogastric Nutrition, Centre Mas de Bover, IRTA, Ctra. Reus-El Morell Km 3.8, 43120 Constantí, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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5
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Ruiz-Algueró M, Alejos B, García Yubero C, Riera Jaume M, Antonio Iribarren J, Asensi V, Pasquau F, Galera CE, Pascual-Carrasco M, Muñoz A, Jarrín I, Suárez-García I, Moreno S, Jarrín I, Dalmau D, Navarro ML, González MI, Blanco JL, Garcia F, Rubio R, Iribarren JA, Gutiérrez F, Vidal F, Berenguer J, González J, Alejos B, Hernando V, Moreno C, Iniesta C, Garcia Sousa LM, Perez NS, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, García-Merino IM, Fernández IC, Rico CG, de la Fuente JG, Concejo PP, Portilla J, Merino E, Reus S, Boix V, Giner L, Gadea C, Portilla I, Pampliega M, Díez M, Rodríguez JC, Sánchez-Payá J, Gómez JL, Hernández J, Alemán MR, del Mar Alonso M, Inmaculada Hernández M, Díaz-Flores F, García D, Pelazas R, Lirola AL, Moreno JS, Caso AA, Hernández Gutiérrez C, Novella Mena M, Rubio R, Pulido F, Bisbal O, Hernando A, Domínguez L, Crestelo DR, Bermejo L, Santacreu M, Antonio Iribarren J, Arrizabalaga J, Aramburu MJ, Camino X, Rodríguez-Arrondo F, von Wichmann MÁ, Tomé LP, Goenaga MÁ, Bustinduy MJ, Azkune H, Ibarguren M, Lizardi A, Kortajarena X, Gutiérrez F, Masiá M, Padilla S, Navarro A, Montolio F, Robledano C, Gregori Colomé J, Adsuar A, Pascual R, Fernández M, García E, García JA, Barber X, Muga R, Sanvisens A, Fuster D, Berenguer J, de Quirós JCLB, Gutiérrez I, Ramírez M, Padilla B, Gijón P, Aldamiz-Echevarría T, Tejerina F, José Parras F, Balsalobre P, Diez C, Latorre LP, Vidal F, Peraire J, Viladés C, Veloso S, Vargas M, López-Dupla M, Olona M, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Alba V, Montero Alonso M, López Aldeguer J, Blanes Juliá M, Tasias Pitarch M, Hernández IC, Calabuig Muñoz E, Cuéllar Tovar S, Salavert Lletí M, Navarro JF, González-Garcia J, Arnalich F, Arribas JR, de la Serna JIB, Castro JM, Escosa L, Herranz P, Hontañón V, García-Bujalance S, López-Hortelano MG, González-Baeza A, Martín-Carbonero ML, Mayoral M, Mellado MJ, Micán RE, Montejano R, Luisa Montes M, Moreno V, Pérez-Valero I, Rodés B, Sainz T, Sendagorta E, Stella Alcáriz N, Valencia E, Ramón Blanco J, Antonio Oteo J, Ibarra V, Metola L, Sanz M, Pérez-Martínez L, Arazo P, Sampériz G, Dalmau D, Jaén A, Sanmartí M, Cairó M, Martinez-Lacasa J, Velli P, Font R, Xercavins M, Alonso N, Repáraz J, de Alda MGR, de León Cano MT, de Galarreta BPR, Segura F, José Amengual M, Navarro G, Sala M, Cervantes M, Pineda V, Calzado S, Navarro M, de los Santos I, Sanz Sanz J, Aparicio AS, Sarriá Cepeda C, Garcia-Fraile Fraile L, Martín Gayo E, Moreno S, Luis Casado J, Dronda F, Moreno A, Jesús Pérez Elías M, Gómez Ayerbe C, Gutiérrez C, Madrid N, del Campo Terrón S, Martí P, Ansa U, Serrano S, Jesús Vivancos M, Cano A, García AA, Bravo Urbieta J, Muñoz Á, Jose Alcaraz M, Villalba MDC, García F, Hernández J, Peña A, Muñoz L, Casas P, Alvarez M, Chueca N, Vinuesa D, Martinez-Montes C, Romero JD, Rodríguez C, Puerta T, Carlos Carrió J, Vera M, Ballesteros J, Ayerdi O, Antela A, Losada E, Riera M, Peñaranda M, Leyes M, Ribas MA, Campins AA, Vidal C, Fanjul F, Murillas J, Homar F, Santos J, Ayerbe CG, Viciana I, Palacios R, González CM, Viciana P, Espinosa N, López-Cortés LF, Podzamczer D, Ferrer E, Imaz A, Tiraboschi J, Silva A, Saumoy M, Ribera E, Curran A, Olalla J, del Arco A, de la torre J, Prada JL, de Lomas Guerrero JMG, Stachowski JP, Martínez OJ, Vera FJ, Martínez L, García J, Alcaraz B, Jimeno A, Iglesias AC, Souto BP, de Cea AM, Muñoz J, Zubero MZ, Baraia-Etxaburu JM, Ugarte SI, Beneitez OLF, de Munain JL, López MMC, de la Peña M, Lopez M, Galera C, Albendin H, Pérez A, Iborra A, Moreno A, Merlos MA, Vidal A, Amador C, Pasquau F, Ena J, Benito C, Fenoll V, Anguita CG, Rabasa JTA, Suárez-García I, Malmierca E, González-Ruano P, Rodrigo DM, Seco MPR, Vidal MAG, de Zarraga MA, Pérez VE, Molina MJT, García JV, Moreno JPS, Górgolas M, Cabello A, Álvarez B, Prieto L, Sanz Moreno J, Arranz Caso A, Gutiérrez CH, Novella Mena M, Galindo Puerto MJ, Fernando Vilalta R, Ferrer Ribera A, Román AR, Brieva Herrero MT, Juárez AR, López PL, Sánchez IM, Martínez JP, Jiménez MC, Perea RT, Ruiz-Capillas JJJ, Pineda JA. Use of Generic Antiretroviral Drugs and Single-Tablet Regimen De-Simplification for the Treatment of HIV Infection in Spain. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:433-440. [PMID: 35357907 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to describe the use of generic drugs and single-tablet regimen (STR) de-simplification for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among 41 hospitals from the cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). In June 2018, we collected information on when generic antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) were introduced in the different hospitals, how the decisions to use them were made, and how the information was provided to the patients. Most of the nine available generic ARVs in Spain by June 2018 had been introduced in at least 85% of the participating hospitals, except for zidovudine (AZT)/lamivudine (3TC) and AZT. The time difference between the effective marketing date of each generic ARV and its first dispensing date in the hospitals was much shorter for the more recently approved generic ARV since the year 2017. However, only up to 20% of the hospitals de-simplified efavirenz (EFV)/tenofovir disoproxil (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC), dolutegravir (DTG)/abacavir (ABC)/3TC, and rilpivirine (RPV)/TDF/FTC (to generic EFV+TDF/FTC, DTG+generic ABC/3TC, and RPV+generic TDF/FTC, respectively), whereas the generic STR EFV/TDF/FTC was introduced in 87.8% of the centers. The median times between the date of effective marketing of generic TDF/FTC and the date of de-simplification of EFV/TDF/FTC and RPV/TDF/FTC were 723 [interquartile range (IQR): 369-1,119] and 234 (IQR: 142-264) days, respectively; this time was 155 (IQR: 28-287) days for de-simplification of DTG/ABC/3TC. In conclusion, despite the widespread use of generic ARVs, STRs de-simplification was only undertaken in <20% of the hospitals. There was wide variability in the timing of the introduction of each generic ARV after they were available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ruiz-Algueró
- National Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Alejos
- National Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - José Antonio Iribarren
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Instituto de Investigación BioDonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Víctor Asensi
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Mario Pascual-Carrasco
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Telemedicina y Salud Digital (UITes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Muñoz
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Telemedicina y Salud Digital (UITes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jarrín
- National Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Suárez-García
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Miguéns-Gómez A, Sierra-Cruz M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Blay MT, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Effect of an Acute Insect Preload vs. an Almond Preload on Energy Intake, Subjective Food Consumption and Intestinal Health in Healthy Young Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071463. [PMID: 35406076 PMCID: PMC9002463 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein is considered the most satiating macronutrient, and its effect on satiety and food intake is source-dependent. For the first time, we compared the effect of the administration of an insect or almond preload, both containing 20 g of protein, on appetite and food intake in human subjects. Participants consumed both foods and a vehicle as a liquid preload on three separate days. They were then offered a breakfast and lunch buffet meal at which food intake was measured. Visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaires were completed following the three preloads to assess appetite and other sensations. At breakfast, reduced energy intake was observed for both preloads compared with vehicle. At lunch, food intake only differed in the insect group, which consumed more than the vehicle. Insect preload increased the total amount of protein ingested with a slight increase in total energy consumed, differently than almond, which significantly increased total protein and energy consumed. There was no correlation between indigestion-sensation ratings and food intake. Moreover, the insect preload resulted in lower sleepiness and tiredness ratings compared with the almond preload. Thus, insect-derived protein may be suitable as a safe ingredient for snacks intended for elderly or infirm patients who require increased protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miguéns-Gómez
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977559566
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Grau-Bové C, Grau-Bové X, Terra X, Garcia-Vallve S, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltran-Debón R, Blay MT, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Functional and genomic comparative study of the bitter taste receptor family TAS2R: Insight into the role of human TAS2R5. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22175. [PMID: 35107858 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101128rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bitterness is perceived in humans by 25 subtypes of bitter taste receptors (hTAS2R) that range from broadly tuned to more narrowly tuned receptors. hTAS2R5 is one of the most narrowly tuned bitter taste receptors in humans. In this study, we review the literature on this receptor and show there is no consensus about its role. We then compare the possible role of hTAS2R5 with that of the proteins of the TAS2R family in rat, mouse, and pig. A phylogenetic tree of all mammalian TAS2R domain-containing proteins showed that human hTAS2R5 has no ortholog in pig, mouse, or rat genomes. By comparing the agonists that are common to hTAS2R5 and other members of the family, we observed that hTAS2R39 is the receptor that shares most agonists with hTAS2R5. In mouse, some of these agonists activate mTas2r105 and mTas2r144, which are distant paralogs of hTAS2R5. mTas2r144 seems to be the receptor that is most similar to hTAS2R5 because they are both activated by the same agonists and have affinities in the same range of values. Then, we can conclude that hTAS2R5 has a unique functional specificity in humans as it is activated by selective agonists and that its closest functional homolog in mouse is the phylogenetically distant mTas2r144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Grau-Bové
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Grau-Bové
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santi Garcia-Vallve
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltran-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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8
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Jalševac F, Terra X, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltran-Debón R, Blay MT, Pinent M, Ardévol A. The Hidden One: What We Know About Bitter Taste Receptor 39. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:854718. [PMID: 35345470 PMCID: PMC8957101 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.854718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thousands of years of evolution, animals have developed many ways to protect themselves. One of the most protective ways to avoid disease is to prevent the absorption of harmful components. This protective function is a basic role of bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), a G protein-coupled receptor family, whose presence in extraoral tissues has intrigued many researchers. In humans, there are 25 TAS2Rs, and although we know a great deal about some of them, others are still shrouded in mystery. One in this latter category is bitter taste receptor 39 (TAS2R39). Besides the oral cavity, it has also been found in the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems. TAS2R39 is a relatively non-selective receptor, which means that it can be activated by a range of mostly plant-derived compounds such as theaflavins, catechins and isoflavones. On the other hand, few antagonists for this receptor are available, since only some flavones have antagonistic properties (all of them detailed in the document). The primary role of TAS2R39 is to sense the bitter components of food and protect the organism from harmful compounds. There is also some indication that this bitter taste receptor regulates enterohormones and in turn, regulates food intake. In the respiratory system, it may be involved in the congestion process of allergic rhinitis and may stimulate inflammatory cytokines. However, more thorough research is needed to determine the precise role of TAS2R39 in these and other tissues.
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9
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Busquets O, Carrasco M, Espinosa-Jiménez T, Ettcheto M, Verdaguer E, Auladell C, Bullò M, Camins A, Pinent M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Folch J. GSPE pre-treatment protects against long-term cafeteria diet-induced mitochondrial and inflammatory affectations in the hippocampus of rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2627-2637. [PMID: 34789070 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1995118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Deregulations like the loss of sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance) and chronic inflammation are alterations very commonly found in sporadic forms of neurodegenerative pathologies. Thus, finding strategies to protect against them, may lead to a reduction in the incidence and/or affectation of these pathologies. The grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) is a mixture of compounds highly enriched in polyphenols and flavonoids that have shown to have a wide range of therapeutic benefits due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the protective effects of a short pre-treatment of GSPE in the hippocampus against a prolonged feeding with cafeteria diet. METHODS GSPE was administered for 10 days followed by 12 weeks of cafeteria diet. We analyzed transcriptional activity of genes and protein expression of key mediators of neurodegeneration in brain samples. RESULTS Results indicated that GSPE was able to protect against cellular damage through the activation of AKT, as well as promote the maintenance of mitochondrial function by conserving the OXPHOS complexes and upregulating the antioxidant SOD. DISCUSSION We observed that GSPE decreased inflammatory activation as observed through the downregulation of JNK, IL6 and TNFα, just like the reduction in reactive profile of astrocytes. Overall, the data presented here offers an interesting and hopeful initial step for future long-term studies on the beneficial effects of a supplementation of common diets with polyphenol and flavonoid substances for the amelioration of typical early hallmarks of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Busquets
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Triana Espinosa-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bullò
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) dirigido por Jordi Salas en la Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
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10
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Sierra-Cruz M, Miguéns-Gómez A, Grau-Bové C, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Blay M, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Terra X, Beltrán-Debón R. Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Reverts Obesity-Related Metabolic Derangements in Aged Female Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062059. [PMID: 34208508 PMCID: PMC8234113 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ageing are current issues of global concern. Adaptive homeostasis is compromised in the elderly, who are more likely to suffer age-related health issues, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The current worldwide prevalence of obesity and higher life expectancy call for new strategies for treating metabolic disorders. Grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is reported to be effective in ameliorating these pathologies, especially in young animal models. In this study, we aimed to test the effectiveness of GSPE in modulating obesity-related pathologies in aged rats fed an obesogenic diet. To do so, 21-month-old rats were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (cafeteria diet) for 11 weeks. Two time points for GSPE administration (500 mg/kg body weight), i.e., a 10-day preventive GSPE treatment prior to cafeteria diet intervention and a simultaneous GSPE treatment with the cafeteria diet, were assayed. Body weight, metabolic parameters, liver steatosis, and systemic inflammation were analysed. GSPE administered simultaneously with the cafeteria diet was effective in reducing body weight, total adiposity, and liver steatosis. However, the preventive treatment was effective in reducing only mesenteric adiposity in these obese, aged rats. Our results confirm that the simultaneous administration of GSPE improves metabolic disruptions caused by the cafeteria diet also in aged rats.
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11
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Grau-Bové C, Sierra-Cruz M, Miguéns-Gómez A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Blay M, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. A Ten-Day Grape Seed Procyanidin Treatment Prevents Certain Ageing Processes in Female Rats over the Long Term. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123647. [PMID: 33260866 PMCID: PMC7759988 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive homeostasis declines with age and this leads to, among other things, the appearance of chronic age-related pathologies such as cancer, neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Grape seed-derived procyanidins (GSPE) have been shown to be effective against several of these pathologies, mainly in young animal models. Here we test their effectiveness in aged animals: 21-month-old female rats were treated with 500 mg GSPE/kg of body weight for ten days. Afterwards they were kept on a chow diet for eleven weeks. Food intake, body weight, metabolic plasma parameters and tumor incidence were measured. The GSPE administered to aged rats had an effect on food intake during the treatment and after eleven weeks continued to have an effect on visceral adiposity. It prevented pancreas dysfunction induced by ageing and maintained a higher glucagon/insulin ratio together with a lower decrease in ketonemia. It was very effective in preventing age-related tumor development. All in all, this study supports the positive effect of GSPE on preventing some age-related pathologies.
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12
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Suárez-García I, Moreno C, Ruiz-Algueró M, Pérez-Elías MJ, Navarro M, Díez Martínez M, Viciana P, Pérez-Martínez L, Górgolas M, Amador C, de Zárraga MA, Jarrín I, Moreno S, Jarrín I, Dalmau D, Navarro ML, González MI, Garcia F, Poveda E, Iribarren JA, Gutiérrez F, Rubio R, Vidal F, Berenguer J, González J, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Jarrin I, Alejos B, Moreno C, Iniesta C, Sousa LMG, Perez NS, Rava M, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Fernández IC, Merino E, García G, Portilla I, Agea I, Portilla J, Sánchez-Payá J, Rodríguez JC, Gimeno L, Giner L, Díez M, Carreres M, Reus S, Boix V, Torrús D, Lirola AL, García D, Díaz-Flores F, Gómez JL, del Mar Alonso M, Pelazas R, Hernández J, Alemán MR, Hernández MI, Asensi V, Valle E, Carmenado MER, Secades TSZ, Is LP, Rubio R, Pulido F, Bisbal O, Hernando A, Domínguez L, Crestelo DR, Bermejo L, Santacreu M, Iribarren JA, Arrizabalaga J, Aramburu MJ, Camino X, Rodríguez-Arrondo F, von Wichmann MÁ, Tomé LP, Goenaga MÁ, Bustinduy MJ, Azkune H, Ibarguren M, Lizardi A, Kortajarena X, Oyaga MPC, Igartua MU, Gutiérrez F, Masiá M, Padilla S, Navarro A, Montolio F, Robledano C, Colomé JG, Adsuar A, Pascual R, Fernández M, García E, García JA, Barber X, Muga R, Sanvisens A, Fuster D, Berenguer J, de Quirós JCLB, Gutiérrez I, Ramírez M, Padilla B, Gijón P, Aldamiz-Echevarría T, Tejerina F, Parras FJ, Balsalobre P, Diez C, Latorre LP, Fanciulli C, Vidal F, Peraire J, Viladés C, Veloso S, Vargas M, Olona M, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Alba V, Castellanos AJ, López-Dupla M, Alonso MM, Aldeguer JL, Juliá MB, Pitarch MT, Hernández IC, Muñoz EC, Tovar SC, Lletí MS, Navarro JF, González-Garcia J, Arnalich F, Arribas JR, de la Serna JIB, Castro JM, Escosa L, Herranz P, Hontañón V, García-Bujalance S, López-Hortelano MG, González-Baeza A, Martín-Carbonero ML, Mayoral M, Mellado MJ, Micán RE, Montejano R, Montes ML, Moreno V, Pérez-Valero I, Rodés B, Sainz T, Sendagorta E, Alcáriz NS, Valencia E, Blanco JR, Oteo JA, Ibarra V, Metola L, Sanz M, Pérez-Martínez L, Arazo P, Sampériz G, Dalmau D, Jaén A, Sanmartí M, Cairó M, Martinez-Lacasa J, Velli P, Font R, Xercavins M, Alonso N, Marcotegui MR, Repáraz J, de Alda MGR, de León Cano MT, de Galarreta BPR, Amengual MJ, Navarro G, Garcia MC, Isbert SC, Vilasaro MN, de los Santos I, Sanz JS, Aparicio AS, Cepeda CS, Fraile LGF, Gayo EM, Moreno S, Osorio JLC, Nuñez FD, Zamora AM, Elías MJP, Gutiérrez C, Madrid N, del Campo Terrón S, Villar SS, Gallego MJV, Sanz JM, Urroz UA, Velasco T, Bernal E, Sanchez AC, García AA, Urbieta JB, Perez AM, Alcaraz MJ, del Carmen Villalba M, García F, Quero JH, Medina LM, Alvarez M, Chueca N, García DV, Martinez-Montes C, Beltran CG, de Salazar Gonzalerz A, Lopez AF, Utrilla MR, Del Romero J, Rodríguez C, Puerta T, Carrió JC, Vera M, Ballesteros J, Ayerdi O, Antela A, Losada E, Riera M, Peñaranda M, Leyes M, Ribas MA, Campins AA, Vidal C, Fanjul F, Murillas J, Homar F, Santos J, Ayerbe CG, Viciana I, Palacios R, López CP, Gonzalez-Domenec CM, Viciana P, Espinosa N, López-Cortés LF, Podzamczer D, Imaz A, Tiraboschi J, Silva A, Saumoy M, Prieto P, Ribera E, Curran A, Sierra JO, Stachowski JP, del Arco A, de la torre J, Prada JL, de Lomas Guerrero JMG, Martínez OJ, Vera FJ, Martínez L, García J, Alcaraz B, Jimeno A, Iglesias AC, Souto BP, de Cea AM, Muñoz J, Zubero MZ, Baraia-Etxaburu JM, Ugarte SI, Beneitez OLF, de Munain JL, López MMC, de la Peña M, Lopez M, Azkarreta IL, Galera C, Albendin H, Pérez A, Iborra A, Moreno A, Merlos MA, Vidal A, Meca M, Amador C, Pasquau F, Ena J, Benito C, Fenoll V, Anguita CG, Rabasa JTA, Suárez-García I, Malmierca E, González-Ruano P, Rodrigo DM, Seco MPR, Mohamed-Balghata MO, Vidal MAG, de Zarraga MA, Pérez VE, Molina MJT, García JV, Moreno JPS, Górgolas M, Cabello A, Álvarez B, Prieto L, Moreno JS, Caso AA, Gutiérrez CH, Mena MN, Puerto MJG, Vilalta RF, Ribera AF, Román AR, Juárez AR, López PL, Sánchez IM, Casas MF, Espejo AC, Jiménez MC, Perea RT, Pineda JA, Mayo PR, Sanchez JM, Gutierrez NM, Real LM, Gomez AC, Fuertes MF, Gonzalez-Serna A, Poveda E, Pérez A, Crespo M, Morano L, Miralles C, Ocampo A, Pousada G. Effectiveness of the combination elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine (EVG/COB/TFV/FTC) plus darunavir among treatment-experienced patients in clinical practice: a multicentre cohort study. AIDS Res Ther 2020; 17:45. [PMID: 32690099 PMCID: PMC7372769 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-020-00302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of the combination elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine plus darunavir (EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV) in treatment-experienced patients from the cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). METHODS Treatment-experienced patients starting treatment with EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV during the years 2014-2018 and with more than 24 weeks of follow-up were included. TFV could be administered either as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide. We evaluated virological response, defined as viral load (VL) < 50 copies/ml and < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks after starting this regimen, stratified by baseline VL (< 50 or ≥ 50 copies/ml at the start of the regimen). RESULTS We included 39 patients (12.8% women). At baseline, 10 (25.6%) patients had VL < 50 copies/ml and 29 (74.4%) had ≥ 50 copies/ml. Among patients with baseline VL < 50 copies/ml, 85.7% and 80.0% had VL < 50 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively, and 100% had VL < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks. Among patients with baseline VL ≥ 50 copies/ml, 42.3% and 40.9% had VL < 50 copies/ml and 69.2% and 68.2% had VL < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks. During the first 48 weeks, no patients changed their treatment due to toxicity, and 4 patients (all with baseline VL ≥ 50 copies/ml) changed due to virological failure. CONCLUSIONS EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV was well tolerated and effective in treatment-experienced patients with undetectable viral load as a simplification strategy, allowing once-daily, two-pill regimen with three antiretroviral drug classes. Effectiveness was low in patients with detectable viral loads.
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Rodríguez-Gallego E, Tarancón-Diez L, García F, Del Romero J, Benito JM, Alba V, Herrero P, Rull A, Dominguez-Molina B, Martinez-Madrid O, Martin-Pena L, Pulido F, León A, Rodríguez C, Rallón N, Peraire J, Viladés C, Leal M, Vidal F, Ruiz-Mateos E. Proteomic Profile Associated With Loss of Spontaneous Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Elite Control. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:867-876. [PMID: 30312441 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elite controllers (ECs) spontaneously control plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA without antiretroviral therapy. However, 25% lose virological control over time. The aim of this work was to study the proteomic profile that preceded this loss of virological control to identify potential biomarkers. METHODS Plasma samples from ECs who spontaneously lost virological control (transient controllers [TCs]), at 2 years and 1 year before the loss of control, were compared with a control group of ECs who persistently maintained virological control during the same follow-up period (persistent controllers [PCs]). Comparative plasma shotgun proteomics was performed with tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric tag labeling and nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RESULTS Eighteen proteins exhibited differences comparing PC and preloss TC timepoints. These proteins were involved in proinflammatory mechanisms, and some of them play a role in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis and interact with structural viral proteins. Coagulation factor XI, α-1-antichymotrypsin, ficolin-2, 14-3-3 protein, and galectin-3-binding protein were considered potential biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The proteomic signature associated with the spontaneous loss of virological control was characterized by higher levels of inflammation, transendothelial migration, and coagulation. Galectin-3 binding protein could be considered as potential biomarker for the prediction of virological progression and as therapeutic target in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona
| | - Laura Tarancón-Diez
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Hospital Clinic-Fundació Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centre Català d'Investigació i Desenvolupament de Vacunes contra la Sida, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Del Romero
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Benito
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Madrid Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Verónica Alba
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona
| | - Pol Herrero
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Unitat Mixta Universitat Rovira i Virgili-Eurecat, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona
| | - Beatriz Dominguez-Molina
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Onofre Martinez-Madrid
- Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Luisa Martin-Pena
- Infectious Disease Service, Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Multidisciplinary Group for Infectious Disease Service, Institute of Health Sciences Research, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Health Research Foundation Ramón Llull, Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears
| | - Federico Pulido
- HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agathe León
- Hospital Clinic-Fundació Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centre Català d'Investigació i Desenvolupament de Vacunes contra la Sida, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Norma Rallón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Madrid Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona
| | - Consuelo Viladés
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona
| | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Viamed Santa Ángela de la Cruz, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Spain
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14
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González-Quilen C, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay MT, Terra X. Health-Promoting Properties of Proanthocyanidins for Intestinal Dysfunction. Nutrients 2020; 12:E130. [PMID: 31906505 PMCID: PMC7019584 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is constantly exposed to potentially harmful environmental factors, including food components and bacterial endotoxins. When intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis are compromised (intestinal dysfunction), inflammatory conditions may develop and impact overall health. Evidence from experimental animal and cell culture studies suggests that exposure of intestinal mucosa to proanthocyanidin (PAC)-rich plant products, such as grape seeds, may contribute to maintaining the barrier function and to ameliorating the pathological inflammation present in diet-induced obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we aim to update the current knowledge on the bioactivity of PACs in experimental models of intestinal dysfunction and in humans, and to provide insights into the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (X.T.)
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15
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Ceausu A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Peraire J, López-Dupla M, Domingo P, Viladés C, Vidal-Gonzalez J, Peraire M, Perpiñán C, Pacheco YM, Veloso S, Alba V, Vargas M, Castellano AJ, Ruiz-Mateos E, Mallolas J, Vidal F, Rull A. IL-7/IL-7R gene variants impact circulating IL-7/IL-7R homeostasis and ART-associated immune recovery status. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15722. [PMID: 31673011 PMCID: PMC6823538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A relationship between polymorphisms in genes encoding interleukin 7 (IL-7) and its cellular receptor (IL-7R) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated immune recovery in HIV subjects has been previously reported. However, details of this relationship remain unclear, and the association of these polymorphisms with circulating IL-7/IL-7R levels is scarce. Here, we explored whether IL-7/IL-7R axis was associated with quantitative CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-infected subjects. IL-7/IL-7R polymorphisms were assessed by genotyping, and multiple inheritance models were used to estimate both, their association with low pre-ART CD4+ T-cell counts and incomplete immune recovery status after 48 weeks of suppressive ART. Integrated data from genetic variants association and soluble plasma IL-7/IL-7R quantification suggest that IL-7/IL-7R genotype expression could alter the homeostatic balance between soluble and membrane-bound receptors. The haplotype analyses indicates that allele combinations impacts pre-ART circulating CD4+ T-cell counts, immune recovery status and the absolute increment of CD4+ T-cell counts. The knowledge about how IL-7/IL-7R axis is related to quantitative CD4+ T-cell recovery and immune recovery status after initiating ART could be useful regarding T-cell reservoirs investigations in HIV subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Ceausu
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Dupla
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pere Domingo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Consuelo Viladés
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Judit Vidal-Gonzalez
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Medicina Interna-Hepatologia, Hospital Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Peraire
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carles Perpiñán
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Current address: Atenció Primària ICS, Cap Sant Pere, Reus, Spain
| | - Yolanda María Pacheco
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, UGC Clinical Laboratories, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergi Veloso
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Verónica Alba
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Vargas
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alfonso J Castellano
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Josep Mallolas
- HIV Unit. Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Rull
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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16
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Ruiz-Plazas X, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Alves M, Altuna-Coy A, Lozano-Bartolomé J, Portero-Otin M, García-Fontgivell JF, Martínez-González S, Segarra J, Chacón MR. Biofluid quantification of TWEAK/Fn14 axis in combination with a selected biomarker panel improves assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness. J Transl Med 2019; 17:307. [PMID: 31500625 PMCID: PMC6734315 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional clinical biomarkers cannot accurately differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). We investigated the usefulness of a biomarker panel measured exclusively in biofluids for assessment of PCa aggressiveness. Methods We collected biofluid samples (plasma/serum/semen/post-prostatic massage urine) from 98 patients that had undergone radical prostatectomy. Clinical biochemistry was performed and several cytokines/chemokines including soluble(s) TWEAK, sFn14, sCD163, sCXCL5 and sCCL7 were quantified by ELISA in selected biofluids. Also, the expression of KLK2, KLK3, Fn14, CD163, CXCR2 and CCR3 was quantified by real-time PCR in semen cell sediment. Univariate, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to assess the predictive ability of the selected biomarker panel in conjunction with clinical and metabolic variables for the evaluation of PCa aggressiveness. Results Total serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), semen levels of sTWEAK, fasting glycemia and mRNA levels of Fn14, KLK2, CXCR2 and CCR3 in semen cell sediment constituted a panel of markers that was significantly different between patients with less aggressive tumors [International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade I and II] and those with more aggressive tumors (ISUP grade III, IV and V). ROC curve analysis showed that this panel could be used to correctly classify tumor aggressiveness in 90.9% of patients. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that this combination was more accurate [AUC = 0.913 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.782–1] than a classical non-invasive selected clinical panel comprising age, tumor clinical stage (T-classification) and total serum PSA (AUC = 0.721 95% CI 0.613–0.830). Conclusions TWEAK/Fn14 axis in combination with a selected non-invasive biomarker panel, including conventional clinical biochemistry, can improve the predictive power of serum PSA levels and could be used to classify PCa aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Ruiz-Plazas
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Urology Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Infectious Diseases and HIV/AIDS Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Alves
- Urology Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Altuna-Coy
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Lozano-Bartolomé
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - José Segarra
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain. .,Urology Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Matilde R Chacón
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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17
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Tarancon-Diez L, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Rull A, Peraire J, Viladés C, Portilla I, Jimenez-Leon MR, Alba V, Herrero P, Leal M, Ruiz-Mateos E, Vidal F. Immunometabolism is a key factor for the persistent spontaneous elite control of HIV-1 infection. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:86-96. [PMID: 30879922 PMCID: PMC6491381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 25% of elite controllers (ECs) lose their virological control by mechanisms that are only partially known. Recently, immunovirological and proteomic factors have been associated to the loss of spontaneous control. Our aim was to perform a metabolomic approach to identify the underlying mechanistic pathways and potential biomarkers associated with this loss of control. METHODS Plasma samples from EC who spontaneously lost virological control (Transient Controllers, TC, n = 8), at two and one year before the loss of control, were compared with a control group of EC who persistently maintained virological control during the same follow-up period (Persistent Controllers, PC, n = 8). The determination of metabolites and plasma lipids was performed by GC-qTOF and LC-qTOF using targeted and untargeted approaches. Metabolite levels were associated with the polyfunctionality of HIV-specific CD8+T-cell response. FINDINGS Our data suggest that, before the loss of control, TCs showed a specific circulating metabolomic profile characterized by aerobic glycolytic metabolism, deregulated mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and increased immunological activation. In addition, CD8+ T-cell polyfunctionality was strongly associated with metabolite levels. Finally, valine was the main differentiating factor between TCs and PCs. INTERPRETATION All these metabolomic differences should be considered not only as potential biomarkers but also as therapeutic targets in HIV infection. FUND: This work was supported by grants from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondos FEDER; Red de Investigación en Sida, Gilead Fellowship program, Spanish Ministry of Education and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarancon-Diez
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Consuelo Viladés
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Irene Portilla
- Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Reyes Jimenez-Leon
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Verónica Alba
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Manuel Leal
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Viamed Santa Ángela de la Cruz, Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain.
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
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18
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Rodríguez-Gallego E, Gómez J, Domingo P, Ferrando-Martínez S, Peraire J, Viladés C, Veloso S, López-Dupla M, Beltrán-Debón R, Alba V, Vargas M, Castellano AJ, Leal M, Pacheco YM, Ruiz-Mateos E, Gutiérrez F, Vidal F, Rull A. Circulating metabolomic profile can predict dyslipidemia in HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Atherosclerosis 2018; 273:28-36. [PMID: 29677628 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients is unique and pathophysiologically associated with host factors, HIV itself and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) provides additional data to conventional lipid measurements concerning the number of lipoprotein subclasses and particle sizes. METHODS To investigate the ability of lipoprotein profile, we used a circulating metabolomic approach in a cohort of 103 ART-naive HIV-infected patients, who were initiating non-nucleoside analogue transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based ART, and we subsequently followed up these patients for 36 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive power of NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS VLDL-metabolism (including VLDL lipid concentrations, sizes, and particle numbers), total triglycerides and lactate levels resulted in good classifiers of dyslipidemia (AUC 0.903). Total particles/HDL-P ratio was significantly higher in ART-associated dyslipidemia compared to ART-normolipidemia (p = 0.001). Large VLDL-Ps were positively associated with both LDL-triglycerides (ρ 0.682, p < 0.001) and lactate concentrations (ρ 0.416, p < 0.001), the last one a marker of mitochondrial low oxidative capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that circulating metabolites have better predictive values for HIV/ART-related dyslipidemia onset than do the biochemical markers associated with conventional lipid measurements. NMR identifies changes in VLDL-P, lactate and LDL-TG as potential clinical markers of baseline HIV-dyslipidemia predisposition. Differences in circulating metabolomics, especially differences in particle size, are indicators of important derangements of mitochondrial function that are linked to ART-related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Gómez
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pere Domingo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Peraire
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Consuelo Viladés
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sergi Veloso
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Dupla
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Verónica Alba
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Vargas
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alfonso J Castellano
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Yolanda María Pacheco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Rull
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
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19
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Lozano-Bartolomé J, Llauradó G, Portero-Otin M, Altuna-Coy A, Rojo-Martínez G, Vendrell J, Jorba R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Chacón MR. Altered Expression of miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p Is Associated With Obesity and TNFα-Induced Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1447-1458. [PMID: 29409019 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The proinflammatory cytokine TNFα is a key player in insulin resistance (IR). The role of miRNAs in inflammation associated with IR is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p expression profiles in obesity and to study their role in TNFα-induced IR in adipocytes. DESIGN Two separate cohorts were used. Cohort 1 was used in adipose tissue (AT) expression studies and included 28 subjects with body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2 and 30 with BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Cohort 2 was used in circulating serum miRNA studies and included 101 subjects with 4 years of follow-up (48 case subjects and 53 control subjects). miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p expression was assessed in subcutaneous and visceral AT. Functional analysis was performed in adipocytes, using miRNA mimics and inhibitors. Key molecules of the insulin pathway, AKT, PTEN, AS160, and S6K, were analyzed. RESULTS Expression of miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p was reduced in adipose tissue from obese and diabetic subjects and was inversely correlated to adiposity and homeostasis model assessment of IR index. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p in adipocytes upregulated insulin-stimulated AKT activation and reduced TNFα-induced IR, regulating PTEN and S6K expression. Serum levels of miR-181a-5p were reduced in case vs control subjects at baseline, suggesting a prognostic value. Variable importance in projection scores revealed miR-181a-5p had more effect on the model than insulin or glucose at 120 minutes. CONCLUSION miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p may prevent TNFα-induced IR in adipocytes through modulation of PTEN and S6K expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Llauradó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Madrid, Spain
- UGCI of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Joan XXIII University Hospital, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Jorba
- Surgery Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Infectious Diseases and HIV/AIDS Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Rosado-Sánchez I, Jarrín I, Pozo-Balado MM, de Pablo-Bernal RS, Herrero-Fernández I, Alvarez-Ríos AI, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Genebat M, Vera M, Berenguer J, Martín ML, Bernal E, Vidal F, Blanco J, Leal M, Pacheco YM. Higher levels of IL-6, CD4 turnover and Treg frequency are already present before cART in HIV-infected subjects with later low CD4 recovery. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:76-82. [PMID: 28343846 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunological characterization of HIV-infected subjects with low CD4-recovery (LR-subjects) has been extensively performed after a variable period of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). We now explore immunological alterations present before the cART onset. In a case-control study, we selected pre-cART samples of HIV-subjects with and without low CD4-recovery after cART (n = 21 per group). CD4 T-cell activation, senescence and exhaustion related markers were not found specifically altered before cART initiation. On the other hand, we found that LR-subjects before cART already showed increased levels of IL6 (p = 0.009) and increased frequencies of Ki67+CD4+ T-cells (p = 0.026), CD45RA-CD27+CD4+ T-cells (p = 0.008) and Treg (p = 0.001), as well as increased expression of CD95 and CD127 on CD4 T-cells (p = 0.016; p = 0.032, respectively). These parameters characterize the immunological damage in LR-subjects before the cART onset and could be associated to the mechanisms hindering the subsequent CD4 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Rosado-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.
| | | | - María M Pozo-Balado
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Rebeca S de Pablo-Bernal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Inés Herrero-Fernández
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Ana I Alvarez-Ríos
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital IBiS/CSIC/SAS/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Infectious Diseases and HIV/AIDS Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miguel Genebat
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Mar Vera
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Berenguer
- Infectious Diseases and HIV Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Martín
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Enrique Bernal
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Infectious Diseases and HIV/AIDS Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Yolanda M Pacheco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.
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21
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Cuyàs E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Corominas-Faja B, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Bosch-Barrera J, Martin-Castillo B, De Llorens R, Joven J, Menendez JA. Oncometabolic mutation IDH1 R132H confers a metformin-hypersensitive phenotype. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12279-96. [PMID: 25980580 PMCID: PMC4494938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility might be particularly constrained in tumors bearing mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) leading to the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxygluratate (2HG). To test the hypothesis that IDH1 mutations could generate metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention, we utilized an MCF10A cell line engineered with an arginine-to-histidine conversion at position 132 (R132H) in the catalytic site of IDH1, which equips the enzyme with a neomorphic α-ketoglutarate to 2HG reducing activity in an otherwise isogenic background. IDH1 R132H/+ and isogenic IDH1 +/+ parental cells were screened for their ability to generate energy-rich NADH when cultured in a standardized high-throughput Phenotype MicroArrayplatform comprising >300 nutrients. A radical remodeling of the metabotype occurred in cells carrying the R132H mutation since they presented a markedly altered ability to utilize numerous carbon catabolic fuels. A mitochondria toxicity-screening modality confirmed a severe inability of IDH1-mutated cells to use various carbon substrates that are fed into the electron transport chain at different points. The mitochondrial biguanide poisons, metformin and phenformin, further impaired the intrinsic weakness of IDH1-mutant cells to use certain carbon-energy sources. Additionally, metabolic reprogramming of IDH1-mutant cells increased their sensitivity to metformin in assays of cell proliferation, clonogenic potential, and mammosphere formation. Targeted metabolomics studies revealed that the ability of metformin to interfere with the anaplerotic entry of glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid cycle could explain the hypersensitivity of IDH1-mutant cells to biguanides. Moreover, synergistic interactions occurred when metformin treatment was combined with the selective R132H-IDH1 inhibitor AGI-5198. Together, these results suggest that therapy involving the simultaneous targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities with metformin, and 2HG overproduction with mutant-selective inhibitors (AGI-5198-related AG-120 [Agios]), might represent a worthwhile avenue of exploration in the treatment of IDH1-mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia. Spain
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia. Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Clinical Research Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafael De Llorens
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia. Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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22
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Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Senan-Campos O, Massucci FA, Hernández-Aguilera A, Sales-Pardo M, Guimerà R, Camps J, Menendez JA, Joven J. The acute impact of polyphenols from Hibiscus sabdariffa in metabolic homeostasis: an approach combining metabolomics and gene-expression analyses. Food Funct 2016; 6:2957-66. [PMID: 26234931 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We explored the acute multifunctional effects of polyphenols from Hibiscus sabdariffa in humans to assess possible consequences on the host's health. The expected dynamic response was studied using a combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics to integrate specific functional pathways through network-based methods and to generate hypotheses established by acute metabolic effects and/or modifications in the expression of relevant genes. Data were obtained from healthy male volunteers after 3 hours of ingestion of an aqueous Hibiscus sabdariffa extract. The data were compared with data obtained prior to the ingestion, and the overall findings suggest that these particular polyphenols had a simultaneous role in mitochondrial function, energy homeostasis and protection of the cardiovascular system. These findings suggest beneficial actions in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidation, which are interrelated mechanisms. Among other effects, the activation of the heme oxygenase-biliverdin reductase axis, the systemic inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, the inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, and several actions mirroring those of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists further support this notion. We also found concordant findings in the serum of the participants, which include a decrease in cortisol levels and a significant increase in the active vasodilator metabolite of bradykinin (des-Arg(9)-bradykinin). Therefore, our data support the view that polyphenols from Hibiscus sabdariffa play a regulatory role in metabolic health and in the maintenance of blood pressure, thus implying a multi-faceted impact in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International excellence Southern Catalonia, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201-Reus, Spain.
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23
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Riera-Borrull M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Hernández-Aguilera A, Luciano F, Ras R, Cuyàs E, Camps J, Segura-Carretero A, Menendez JA, Joven J, Fernández-Arroyo S. Exploring the Process of Energy Generation in Pathophysiology by Targeted Metabolomics: Performance of a Simple and Quantitative Method. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2016; 27:168-177. [PMID: 26383735 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in mitochondrial metabolism and regulation of energy balance contribute to human diseases. The consequences of high fat and other nutrient intake, and the resulting acquired mitochondrial dysfunction, are essential to fully understand common disorders, including obesity, cancer, and atherosclerosis. To simultaneously and noninvasively measure and quantify indirect markers of mitochondrial function, we have developed a method based on gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry and an electron ionization interface, and validated the system using plasma from patients with peripheral artery disease, human cancer cells, and mouse tissues. This approach was used to increase sensibility in the measurement of a wide dynamic range and chemical diversity of multiple intermediate metabolites used in energy metabolism. We demonstrate that our targeted metabolomics method allows for quick and accurate identification and quantification of molecules, including the measurement of small yet significant biological changes in experimental samples. The apparently low process variability required for its performance in plasma, cell lysates, and tissues allowed a rapid identification of correlations between interconnected pathways. Our results suggest that delineating the process of energy generation by targeted metabolomics can be a valid surrogate for predicting mitochondrial dysfunction in biological samples. Importantly, when used in plasma, targeted metabolomics should be viewed as a robust and noninvasive source of biomarkers in specific pathophysiological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Ras
- Center for Omics Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain.
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Guirro M, Fernández-Arroyo S, Mariné-Casadó R, Camps J, Joven J. Expression of functional and silent receptors of CCL2 in human coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Rodríguez-Gallego E, Mariné-Casadó R, Guirro M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Luciano-Mateo F, Cabré N, Fernández-Arroyo S, Camps J, Joven J. Inflammation and metabolism: The role of chemokine (C-C MOTIF) LIGAND 2. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Sepúlveda J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Guirro M, García-Heredia A, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Fort-Gallifa I, Martín-Paredero V, Joven J, Camps J. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraoxonases and chemokines in arteries of patients with peripheral artery disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11323-38. [PMID: 25993297 PMCID: PMC4463702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to lipids and lipoproteins is implicated in the development of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including peripheral artery disease (PAD). The paraoxonases (PON) are a group of antioxidant enzymes, termed PON1, PON2, and PON3 that protect lipoproteins and cells from peroxidation and, as such, may be involved in protection against the atherosclerosis process. PON1 inhibits the production of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in endothelial cells incubated with oxidized lipoproteins. PON1 and CCL2 are ubiquitously distributed in tissues, and this suggests a joint localization and combined systemic effect. The aim of the present study has been to analyze the quantitative immunohistochemical localization of PON1, PON3, CCL2 and CCL2 receptors in a series of patients with severe PAD. Portions of femoral and/or popliteal arteries from 66 patients with PAD were obtained during surgical procedures for infra-inguinal limb revascularization. We used eight normal arteries from donors as controls. PON1 and PON3, CCL2 and the chemokine-binding protein 2, and Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor, were increased in PAD patients. There were no significant changes in C–C chemokine receptor type 2. Our findings suggest that paraoxonases and chemokines play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Julio Sepúlveda
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Maria Guirro
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Jordi Camps
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
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Menendez JA, Quirantes-Piné R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Cufí S, Corominas-Faja B, Cuyàs E, Bosch-Barrera J, Martin-Castillo B, Segura-Carretero A, Joven J. Oncobiguanides: Paracelsus' law and nonconventional routes for administering diabetobiguanides for cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2344-8. [PMID: 24909934 PMCID: PMC4058009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
“The dose makes the poison”, the common motto of toxicology first expressed by Paracelsus more than 400 years ago, may effectively serve to guide potential applications for metformin and related biguanides in oncology. While Paracelsus' law for the dose-response effect has been commonly exploited for the use of some anti-cancer drugs at lower doses in non-neoplastic diseases (e.g., methotrexate), the opposite scenario also holds true; in other words, higher doses of non-oncology drugs, such as anti-diabetic biguanides, might exert direct anti-neoplastic effects. Here, we propose that, as for any drug, there is a dose range for biguanides that is without any effect, one corresponding to “diabetobiguanides” with a pharmacological effect (e.g., insulin sensitization in type 2 diabetes, prevention of insulin-dependent carcinogenesis, indirect inhibition of insulin and growth factor-dependent cancer growth) but with minimal toxicity and another corresponding to “oncobiguanides” with pharmacological (i.e., direct and strong anticancer activity against cancer cells) as well as toxic effects. Considering that biguanides demonstrate a better safety profile than most oncology drugs in current use, we should contemplate the possibility of administering biguanides through non-conventional routes (e.g., inhaled for carcinomas of the lung, topical for skin cancers, intravenous as an adjunctive therapy, rectal suppositories for rectal cancer) to unambiguously investigate the therapeutic value of high-dose transient biguanide exposure in cancer. Perhaps then, the oncobiguanides, as we call them here, could be viewed as a mechanistically different type of anti-cancer drugs employed at doses notably higher than those used chronically when functioning as diabetobiguanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Joven J, Guirro M, Mariné-Casadó R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Menéndez JA. Autophagy is an inflammation-related defensive mechanism against disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014; 824:43-59. [PMID: 25038993 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07320-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is an energy-intensive process. Consequently, metabolism is closely associated with immune function. The autophagy machinery plays a role in metabolism by providing energy but may also be used to attack invading pathogens (xenophagy). The autophagy machinery may function to protect against not only the threats of infection but also the threats of the host's own response acting on the central immunological tolerance and the negative regulation of innate and inflammatory signaling. The balance between too little and too much autophagy is critical for the survival of immune cells because autophagy is linked to type 2-cell death programmed necrosis and apoptosis. Changes in inflammatory cells are driven by extracellular signals; however, the mechanisms by which cytokines mediate autophagy regulation and govern immune cell function remain unknown. Certain cytokines increase autophagy, whereas others inhibit autophagy. The relationship between autophagy and inflammation is also important in the pathogenesis of metabolic, non-communicable diseases. Inflammation per se is not the cause of obesity-associated diseases, but it is secondary to both the positive energy balance and the specific cellular responses. In metabolic tissues, the suppression of autophagy increases inflammation with the overexpression of cytokines, resulting in an activation of autophagy. The physiological role of these apparently contradictory findings remains uncertain but exemplifies future challenges in the therapeutic modulation of autophagy in the management of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain,
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Rull A, Hernandez-Aguilera A, Fibla M, Sepulveda J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Sirvent JJ, Martín-Paredero V, Menendez JA, Camps J, Joven J. Understanding the role of circulating chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 in patients with chronic ischemia threatening the lower extremities. Vasc Med 2014; 19:442-51. [PMID: 25336430 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x14554034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in peripheral artery disease is unclear. We measured the difference between serum and plasma levels of CCL2 in patients with chronic ischemia threatening the lower extremities following the observation that atypical chemokine receptors in blood and tissue cells may prevent CCL2 from entering the circulation and consequently modulate its function of attracting monocytes to the site of lesion. To identify the influence of CCL2, we compared the patients' values to those in bio-banked samples from a control population. Further, we explored the association with the Asp42Gly polymorphism (rs12075) in Duffy antigen chemokine receptor; one of these atypical chemokine receptors. When possible, we evaluated in surgically excised normal and affected arteries the calcium burden as well as the expression of CCL2 and related receptors reflecting the inflammatory status. Our findings indicate that circulating CCL2 was significantly associated with the severity and presence of the disease (OR 0.966, 95% CI 0.944 to 0.988, p = 0.003). Circulating CCL2 was dependent on the rs12075 genotype (AA>AG>GG), which, probably, indicates a higher expression of chemokine receptor in the arteries of AA subjects. The associations with genetic variants and the over-expression of atypical chemokine receptors in diseased arteries may have potential implications and our data indicate that CCL2 may represent a previously unrecognized factor that needs to be considered in the screening of patients with risk factors for peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernandez-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endovascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fibla
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julio Sepulveda
- Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endovascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Juan J Sirvent
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endovascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Riera-Borrull M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Abengochea A, Fernández-Arroyo S, García-Heredia A, Luciano F, Mariné R, Guirro M, Joven J. The action of metformin in hyperlipemic mice is modulated by the metabolic context. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fort I, Riera-Borrull M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Hernández-Aguilera A, Luciano F, Fernández-Arroyo S, Abengochea A, Mariné R, Guirro M, Camps J, Heredia AG. Effects of metformin in paraoxonase-1 deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Riera-Borrull M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Guirro M, Mariné-Casadó R, Luciano-Mateo F, García-Heredia A, Martí-Líndez A, Beltrán-Debón R, Joven J. Metabolomics reveals that alterations in circulating a-ketoglutarate may be relevant in the assessment of morbid obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cufí S, Corominas-Faja B, Lopez-Bonet E, Bonavia R, Pernas S, López IÁ, Dorca J, Martínez S, López NB, Fernández SD, Cuyàs E, Visa J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Quirantes-Piné R, Segura-Carretero A, Joven J, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Dietary restriction-resistant human tumors harboring the PIK3CA-activating mutation H1047R are sensitive to metformin. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1484-95. [PMID: 23986086 PMCID: PMC3824528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells expressing constitutively active phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) are proliferative regardless of the absence of insulin, and they form dietary restriction (DR)-resistant tumors in vivo. Because the binding of insulin to its receptors activates the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade, activating mutations in the PIK3CA oncogene may determine tumor response to DR-like pharmacological strategies targeting the insulin and mTOR pathways. The anti-diabetic drug metformin is a stereotypical DR mimetic that exerts its anti-cancer activity through a dual mechanism involving insulin-related (systemic) and mTOR-related (cell-autonomous) effects. However, it remains unclear whether PIK3CA-activating mutations might preclude the anti-cancer activity of metformin in vivo. To model the oncogenic PIK3CA-driven early stages of cancer, we used the clonal breast cancer cell line MCF10DCIS.com, which harbors the gain-of-function H1047R hot-spot mutation in the catalytic domain of the PI3KCA gene and has been shown to form DR-refractory xenotumors. To model PIK3CA-activating mutations in late stages of cancer, we took advantage of the isogenic conversion of a PIK3CA-wild-type tumor into a PIK3CA H1047R-mutated tumor using the highly metastatic colorectal cancer cell line SW48. MCF10DCIS.com xenotumors, although only modestly affected by treatment with oral metformin (approximately 40% tumor growth inhibition), were highly sensitive to the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of metformin, the anti-cancer activity of which increased in a time-dependent manner and reached >80% tumor growth inhibition by the end of the treatment. Metformin treatment via the i.p. route significantly reduced the proliferation factor mitotic activity index (MAI) and decreased tumor cellularity in MCF10DCIS.com cancer tissues. Whereas SW48-wild-type (PIK3CA+/+) cells rapidly formed metformin-refractory xenotumors in mice, ad libitum access to water containing metformin significantly reduced the growth of SW48-mutated (PIK3CAH1047R/+) xenotumors by approximately 50%. Thus, metformin can no longer be considered as a bona fide DR mimetic, at least in terms of anti-cancer activity, because tumors harboring the insulin-unresponsive, DR-resistant, PIK3CA-activating mutation H1047R remain sensitive to the anti-tumoral effects of the drug. Given the high prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in human carcinomas and the emerging role of PIK3CA mutation status in the treatment selection process, these findings might have a significant impact on the design of future trials evaluating the potential of combining metformin with targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Cufí
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Oliveras-Ferraros C, Vazquez-Martin A, Cuyàs E, Corominas-Faja B, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Martin-Castillo B, Joven J, Menendez JA. Acquired resistance to metformin in breast cancer cells triggers transcriptome reprogramming toward a degradome-related metastatic stem-like profile. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1132-44. [PMID: 24553122 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions based on metabolic inhibitor-based therapies are expected to be less prone to acquired resistance. However, there has not been any study assessing the possibility that the targeting of the tumor cell metabolism may result in unforeseeable resistance. We recently established a pre-clinical model of estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells that were chronically adapted to grow (> 10 months) in the presence of graded, millimolar concentrations of the anti-diabetic biguanide metformin, an AMPK agonist/mTOR inhibitor that has been evaluated in multiple in vitro and in vivo cancer studies and is now being tested in clinical trials. To assess what impact the phenomenon of resistance might have on the metformin-like "dirty" drugs that are able to simultaneously hit several metabolic pathways, we employed the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software to functionally interpret the data from Agilent whole-human genome arrays in the context of biological processes, networks, and pathways. Our findings establish, for the first time, that a "global" targeting of metabolic reprogramming using metformin certainly imposes a great selective pressure for the emergence of new breast cancer cellular states. Intriguingly, acquired resistance to metformin appears to trigger a transcriptome reprogramming toward a metastatic stem-like profile, as many genes encoding the components of the degradome (KLK11, CTSF, FREM1, BACE-2, CASP, TMPRSS4, MMP16, HTRA1), cancer cell migration and invasion factors (TP63, WISP2, GAS3, DKK1, BCAR3, PABPC1, MUC1, SPARCL1, SEMA3B, SEMA6A), stem cell markers (DCLK1, FAK), and key pro-metastatic lipases (MAGL and Cpla2) were included in the signature. Because this convergent activation of pathways underlying tumor microenvironment interactions occurred in low-proliferative cancer cells exhibiting a notable downregulation of the G 2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulators that maintain genome stability (CCNB1, CCNB2, CDC20, CDC25C, AURKA, AURKB, BUB1, CENP-A, CENP-M) and pro-autophagic features (i.e., TRAIL upregulation and BCL-2 downregulation), it appears that the unique mechanism of acquired resistance to metformin has opposing roles in growth and metastatic dissemination. While refractoriness to metformin limits breast cancer cell growth, likely due to aberrant mitotic/cytokinetic machinery and accelerated autophagy, it notably increases the potential of metastatic dissemination by amplifying the number of pro-migratory and stemness inputs via the activation of a significant number of proteases and EMT regulators. Future studies should elucidate whether our findings using supra-physiological concentrations of metformin mechanistically mimic the ultimate processes that could paradoxically occur in a polyploid, senescent-autophagic scenario triggered by the chronic metabolic stresses that occur during cancer development and after treatment with cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Oliveras-Ferraros
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vazquez-Martin
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain; Unit of Clinical Research; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
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Rull A, Geeraert B, Aragonès G, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, García-Heredia A, Pedro-Botet J, Joven J, Holvoet P, Camps J. Rosiglitazone and fenofibrate exacerbate liver steatosis in a mouse model of obesity and hyperlipidemia. A transcriptomic and metabolomic study. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1731-43. [PMID: 24479691 DOI: 10.1021/pr401230s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) play an important role in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammatory, and vascular responses. We show the effect of treatment with two PPAR agonists, fenofibrate (FF) and rosiglitazone (RSG), on ob/ob and LDLR-double deficient mice, by combined gene-expression and metabolomic analyses. Male mice were daily treated for 12 weeks with RSG (10 mg·kg(1-)·day(-1) per os (p.o.), n = 8) and FF (50 mg·kg(1-)·day(-1) p.o., n = 8). Twelve untreated ob/ob and LDLR-double deficient mice were used as controls. To integrate the transcriptomic and metabolomic results, we designed a hierarchical algorithm, based on the average linkage method in clustering. Data were also interpreted with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis program. FF and RSG treatments significantly increased the hepatic triglyceride content in the liver when compared with the control group, and the treatments induced an increase in the number and size of hepatic lipid droplets. Both drugs simultaneously activate pro-steatotic and antisteatotic metabolic pathways with a well-ordered result of aggravation of the hepatic lipid accumulation. The present study is a cautionary note not only to researchers on the basic mechanism of the action of PPAR activators but also to the use of these compounds in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (CRB-URB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
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Fernández-Sender L, Alonso-Villaverde C, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Camps J, Beltrán-Debón R, Aragonès G, Menendez JA, Joven J. A possible role for CCR5 in the progression of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther 2013; 10:11. [PMID: 23659629 PMCID: PMC3663662 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokines can block viral entry by interfering with HIV co-receptors and are recognised mediators of atherosclerosis development. A number of experimental drugs that inhibit HIV entry arrest the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. We hypothesised that the expression of chemokine receptors in circulating leukocytes is associated with the rate of atherosclerosis progression in HIV-infected patients. Methods The increase in intima-media thickness during a 2-year follow-up was used to classify HIV-infected patients (n = 178) as progressors (n = 142) or non-progressors (n = 36) with respect to atherosclerosis. Logistic regression was used to assess variables associated with atherosclerosis progression. Mutations in the CCR5Δ32, CCR2 64I, and CX3CR1 (T280M and V249I) co-receptors as well as the levels of CCR5, CXCR4, CX3CR1, and CCR2 mRNA expression in circulating leukocytes were analysed as independent variables. Results Among the baseline variables, only genetic variants explained the dichotomous outcome. The expression of CCR2 and CXCR4 did not discriminate between progressors and non-progressors. Conversely, CCR5 and CX3CR1 expression was higher in not only progressors but also patients with detectable viral load. The logistic regression, however, demonstrated a significant role for CCR5 expression as a predictor of atherosclerosis progression (B = 2.1, OR = 8.1, p = 0.04) and a negligible effect for CXC3R1 and CCR2 expression. Conclusions Available CCR5 antagonists should be investigated for their potential to delay the course of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients.
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Abstract
The main concern in exploring modulation of PPARs in experimental animals is probably the choice of the model. Although mechanistic studies may be well designed using knockout and transgenic animals, the interpretation of results with respect to inferred results of PPAR activation into humans should be performed cautiously. This is even more important in this field considering that undesired and unexpected effects have been already described in human epidemiologic studies. Taken together, these observations suggest that a global approach using omic technologies, although expensive, is probably the most suitable to obtain useful data. Also, in this approach, we propose all tissues should be explored, not only those obviously relevant to metabolism, or stored in proper conditions if further assessment is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica(URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Luciano-Mateo F, Camps J, Menéndez JA, Joven J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a basic mechanism in inflammation-related non-communicable diseases and therapeutic opportunities. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:135698. [PMID: 23533299 PMCID: PMC3603328 DOI: 10.1155/2013/135698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is not necessarily a predisposing factor for disease. It is the handling of fat and/or excessive energy intake that encompasses the linkage of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism to the deleterious effects associated with the continuous excess of food ingestion. The roles of cytokines and insulin resistance in excessive energy intake have been studied extensively. Tobacco use and obesity accompanied by an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are the main factors that underlie noncommunicable diseases. The implication is that the management of energy or food intake, which is the main role of mitochondria, is involved in the most common diseases. In this study, we highlight the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the mutual relationships between causative conditions. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that fuse and divide in response to environmental stimuli, developmental status, and energy requirements. These organelles act to supply the cell with ATP and to synthesise key molecules in the processes of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism. Therefore, energy sensors and management effectors are determinants in the course and development of diseases. Regulating mitochondrial function may require a multifaceted approach that includes drugs and plant-derived phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that improve mitochondrial biogenesis and act to modulate the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A. Menéndez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology and Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Avda de Francia s/n, 1707 Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Menendez JA, Joven J, Aragonès G, Barrajón-Catalán E, Beltrán-Debón R, Borrás-Linares I, Camps J, Corominas-Faja B, Cufí S, Fernández-Arroyo S, Garcia-Heredia A, Hernández-Aguilera A, Herranz-López M, Jiménez-Sánchez C, López-Bonet E, Lozano-Sánchez J, Luciano-Mateo F, Martin-Castillo B, Martin-Paredero V, Pérez-Sánchez A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Riera-Borrull M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Quirantes-Piné R, Rull A, Tomás-Menor L, Vazquez-Martin A, Alonso-Villaverde C, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A. Xenohormetic and anti-aging activity of secoiridoid polyphenols present in extra virgin olive oil: a new family of gerosuppressant agents. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:555-78. [PMID: 23370395 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging can be viewed as a quasi-programmed phenomenon driven by the overactivation of the nutrient-sensing mTOR gerogene. mTOR-driven aging can be triggered or accelerated by a decline or loss of responsiveness to activation of the energy-sensing protein AMPK, a critical gerosuppressor of mTOR. The occurrence of age-related diseases, therefore, reflects the synergistic interaction between our evolutionary path to sedentarism, which chronically increases a number of mTOR activating gero-promoters (e.g., food, growth factors, cytokines and insulin) and the "defective design" of central metabolic integrators such as mTOR and AMPK. Our laboratories at the Bioactive Food Component Platform in Spain have initiated a systematic approach to molecularly elucidate and clinically explore whether the "xenohormesis hypothesis," which states that stress-induced synthesis of plant polyphenols and many other phytochemicals provides an environmental chemical signature that upregulates stress-resistance pathways in plant consumers, can be explained in terms of the reactivity of the AMPK/mTOR-axis to so-called xenohormetins. Here, we explore the AMPK/mTOR-xenohormetic nature of complex polyphenols naturally present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a pivotal component of the Mediterranean style diet that has been repeatedly associated with a reduction in age-related morbid conditions and longer life expectancy. Using crude EVOO phenolic extracts highly enriched in the secoiridoids oleuropein aglycon and decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycon, we show for the first time that (1) the anticancer activity of EVOO secoiridoids is related to the activation of anti-aging/cellular stress-like gene signatures, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, spermidine and polyamine metabolism, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and NRF2 signaling; (2) EVOO secoiridoids activate AMPK and suppress crucial genes involved in the Warburg effect and the self-renewal capacity of "immortal" cancer stem cells; (3) EVOO secoiridoids prevent age-related changes in the cell size, morphological heterogeneity, arrayed cell arrangement and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining of normal diploid human fibroblasts at the end of their proliferative lifespans. EVOO secoiridoids, which provide an effective defense against plant attack by herbivores and pathogens, are bona fide xenohormetins that are able to activate the gerosuppressor AMPK and trigger numerous resveratrol-like anti-aging transcriptomic signatures. As such, EVOO secoiridoids constitute a new family of plant-produced gerosuppressant agents that molecularly "repair" the aimless (and harmful) AMPK/mTOR-driven quasi-program that leads to aging and aging-related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
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Joven J, Menéndez JA, Fernandez-Sender L, Espinel E, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Pedro-Botet J, Alonso-Villaverde C, Camps J, Aragonès G. Metformin: a cheap and well-tolerated drug that provides benefits for viral infections. HIV Med 2012; 14:233-40. [PMID: 23171036 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin resistance in viral infections is common. We have explored the effectiveness of metformin for alleviating insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients and assessed the relevance of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) rs11212617 variant in the clinical response with the rationale that metformin modulates cellular bioenergetics in an ATM-dependent process. METHODS HIV-infected patients (n = 385) were compared with controls recruited from the general population (n = 300) with respect to the genotype distribution of the ATM rs11212617 variant and its influence on selected metabolic and inflammatory variables. We also followed up a subset of male patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection (n = 47) who were not receiving antiviral treatment and for whom metformin was prescribed for insulin resistance, which tends to have a higher incidence and severity in coinfected patients. RESULTS Among the HIV-infected patients, human cytomegalovirus (91.9%) and HCV (62.3%) coinfections were frequent. Selected metabolic and/or inflammatory variables were significantly altered in infected patients. Treatment with metformin in HIV and HCV coinfected patients was well tolerated and significantly increased the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin. The minor allele (C) of the rs11212617 variant was associated with treatment success and may affect the course of insulin resistance in response to metformin (odds ratio 1.21; 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.39; P = 0.005). There were no differences between treated and untreated patients in viral loads or variables measuring immune defence, indicating that toxicity is unlikely. CONCLUSIONS We provide novel data suggesting that identification of the ATM rs11212617 variant may be important in assessing the glycaemic response to metformin treatment for insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), IISPV, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Joven J, Espinel E, Rull A, Aragonès G, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Camps J, Micol V, Herranz-López M, Menéndez JA, Borrás I, Segura-Carretero A, Alonso-Villaverde C, Beltrán-Debón R. Plant-derived polyphenols regulate expression of miRNA paralogs miR-103/107 and miR-122 and prevent diet-induced fatty liver disease in hyperlipidemic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:894-9. [PMID: 22503922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have the potential for clinical application. Probable modulation by plant-derived polyphenols might open preventive measures using simple dietary recommendations. METHODS We assessed the ability of continuous administration of high-dose polyphenols to modulate hepatic metabolism and microRNA expression in diet-induced fatty liver disease in commercially available hyperlipidemic mice using well-established and accepted procedures that included the development of new antibodies against modified quercetin. RESULTS Weight gain, liver steatosis, changes in the composition of liver tissue, and insulin resistance were all attenuated by the continuous administration of polyphenols. We also demonstrated that metabolites of polyphenols accumulate in immune cells and at the surface of hepatic lipid droplets indicating not only bioavailability but a direct likely action on liver cells. The addition of polyphenols also resulted in changes in the expression of miR-103, miR-107 and miR-122. CONCLUSIONS Polyphenols prevent fatty liver disease under these conditions. The differential expression of mRNAs and miRNAs was also associated with changes in lipid and glucose metabolism and with the activation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, effects that are not necessarily connected. miRNAs function via different mechanisms and miRNA-mRNA interactions are difficult to ascertain with current knowledge. Further, cell models usually elicit contradictory results with those obtained in animal models. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate that plant-derived polyphenols should be tested in humans as preventive rather than therapeutic agents in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid utilization. A multi-faceted mechanism of action is likely and the regulation of liver miRNA expression blaze new trails in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Aragonès G, Ercilla A, Barreda M, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Alonso-Villaverde C, Camps J, Joven J. Human Duffy blood group alloantigen system influences the measurement of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in serum but not in plasma. Clin Lab 2012; 58:185-188. [PMID: 22372364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored whether the Asp42Gly polymorphism (rs12075) in the DARC gene represents a confounding factor in the interpretation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentration in circulating blood. METHODS MCP-1 concentration in serum and plasma were measured in 278 healthy Caucasian participants who are representative of our geographic area. The rs12075 genotype distribution was also assessed in this population. RESULTS Plasma MCP-1 concentration did not vary among the rs12075 polymorphism derived genotypes [in pg/mL, AA: 171.9 (100.2 - 287.2), AG: 178.9 (105.1 - 326.4) and GG: 173.7 (94.4 - 405.7)]. However, there were significant increases in serum MCP-1 related to the presence of the A allele [in pg/mL, AA: 334.6 (180.4 - 756.4), AG: 299.1 (166.1 - 634.9) and GG: 249.1 (149.3 - 578.1)]. CONCLUSIONS These findings limit the value of circulating MCP-1 as a biomarker and apparently indicate a pathophysiological role for silent chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Aragonès
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Reus, Spain
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Aragonès G, Alonso-Villaverde C, Pardo-Reche P, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Sender L, Camps J, Joven J. Antiretroviral treatment-induced dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients is influenced by the APOC3-related rs10892151 polymorphism. BMC Med Genet 2011; 12:120. [PMID: 21939545 PMCID: PMC3189871 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The recently observed association between the APOC3-related rs10892151 polymorphism and serum triglyceride levels has prompted us the possibility to explore whether this genetic variant may play a major role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/antiretroviral therapy-induced dyslipidemia. Methods We determined the rs10892151 genotype distribution and serum apolipoprotein (apo) C-III concentration in a group of HIV-infected patients (n = 208) and in a group of age and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 200). Circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels were followed for 12 months after antiretroviral treatment initiation in the HIV-infected group. Results There were no significant variations in the frequency of the A allele between the healthy and HIV-infected groups (7.5 vs. 8.6%, respectively; p = 0.7); additionally, the A allele was not related to serum apo C-III concentration. However, among patients receiving protease inhibitor (PI) treatment, carriers of the A allele had significantly increased serum triglyceride (5.76 ± 2.54 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (6.63 ± 2.85 mmol/L) concentrations together with depressed levels of HDL-cholesterol (0.75 ± 0.3 mmol/L) when compared with patients not carrying the allele (2.43 ± 1.32, 5.2 ± 2.17 and 1.24 ± 0.4 mmol/L, respectively) at the end of the study. This effect was only evident for HDL-cholesterol concentration when patients were treated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (1.05 ± 0.4 vs. 1.28 ± 0.4 mmol/L). Conclusions The A allelic variant of the rs10892151 polymorphism is not associated with serum apo C-III concentration, but predisposes HIV-infected patients to less favorable lipid profile, particularly in those patients treated with PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Aragonès
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Joven J, Espinel E, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Aragonès G, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Camps J, Pedro-Botet J, Sans T, Menéndez JA, Alonso-Villaverde C. Serum fatty acid synthase concentration is increased in patients with hepatitis viral infection and may assist in the prediction of liver steatosis. J Clin Virol 2011; 51:199-201. [PMID: 21555238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver steatosis is frequent in patients with chronic hepatitis viral infections. Intracellular fatty acid synthase (FASN) seems to play a substantial role in its pathogenesis. FASN can also be found in circulation and is significantly increased in HIV-infected individuals, especially if they are co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). OBJECTIVES To assess whether serum FASN concentration is also increased in patients with chronic hepatitis viral infections and its relationship with liver steatosis. STUDY DESIGN Samples and associated data were obtained from stored collections in our institutions from patients with chronic infections with either hepatitis B virus (HBV, cHB, n=60), HCV (cHC, n=81) or co-infection (n=29). RESULTS The incidence of liver steatosis was significantly (p<0.001) different among groups (23.7% in cHB, 34.2% in cHC and 69.2% in co-infected). A similar trend was observed for changes in serum ALT [in μKat/L, 1.41 (0.08), 1.62 (0.08) and 1.95 (0.16) respectively; p=0.02] and serum FASN [in ng/mL, 9.44 (1.28), 16.38 (1.93) and 31.47 (4.26) respectively; p<0.001]. Serum FASN concentration was related to the degree of liver steatosis, and was correlated with serum ALT values when the whole group was considered (ρ=0.207; p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Serum FASN concentration is significantly increased in patients with chronic hepatitis viral infections and correlated with the degree of liver steatosis. These findings may represent a basis for further studies searching non-invasive biomarkers with either diagnostic or prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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