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Navarro-Masip È, Manocchio F, Rodríguez RM, Bravo FI, Torres-Fuentes C, Muguerza B, Aragonès G. Photoperiod-Dependent Effects of Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidins on Adipose Tissue Metabolic Markers in Healthy Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300035. [PMID: 37423963 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Variations in photoperiod patterns drive metabolic adaptations in mammals, involving important changes in body weight and adiposity. Moreover, (poly)phenols can help heterotrophs adopt metabolic adaptations to face the upcoming environmental conditions. Particularly, proanthocyanidins from grape-seeds show photoperiod-dependent effects on different metabolic parameters. The present study aims to explore whether grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) consumption differently affects the expression of metabolic markers in WAT (subcutaneous and visceral depots) and BAT in a photoperiod-dependent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS GSPE (25 mg kg-1 day-1 ) is orally administrated for 4 weeks to healthy rats exposed to three photoperiods (L6, L12, and L18). In WAT, GSPE consumption significantly upregulates the expression of lipolytic genes in all photoperiods, being accompanied by increased serum concentrations of glycerol and corticosterone only under the L6 photoperiod. Moreover, adiponectin mRNA levels are significantly upregulated in response to GSPE regardless of the photoperiod, whereas Tnfα and Il6 expression are only downregulated in L6 and L18 photoperiods but not in L12. In BAT, GSPE upregulates Pgc1α expression in all groups, whereas the expression of Pparα is only increased in L18. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that GSPE modulates the expression of important metabolic markers of WAT and BAT in a photoperiod-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Francesca Manocchio
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Institute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Romina M Rodríguez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Institute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Institute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Institute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Navarro-Masip È, Manocchio F, Colom-Pellicer M, Escoté X, Iglesias-Carres L, Calvo E, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, Desjardins Y, Aragonès G. Vitis vinifera L. Bioactive Components Modulate Adipose Tissue Metabolic Markers of Healthy Rats in a Photoperiod-Dependent Manner. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300074. [PMID: 37421210 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The beneficial health effects of (poly)phenol-rich foods such as red grapes mainly depend on both the type and concentration of (poly)phenols. Since fruit (poly)phenol content is influenced by growing conditions, the study examines the seasonal effects of red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), grown under various cultivation conditions, on metabolic markers of adipose tissue in healthy rats. METHODS AND RESULTS For this purpose, Fischer 344 rats are exposed into three different light-dark cycles and daily supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 of either conventionally or organically grown red grapes for 10 weeks (n = 6). Seasonal consumption of organic grapes (OGs), which are richer in anthocyanins, increases energy expenditure (EE) of animals exposed to long photoperiod and enhances uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein expression in brown adipose tissue of animals under standard photoperiod. Additionally, red grape consumption affects the gene expression profile of white adipose tissue (WAT), upregulating browning markers of subcutaneous WAT in 12 h light (L12) and 18 h light (L18) photoperiods, and downregulating adipogenic and lipolytic markers of visceral WAT in 6 h light (L6) and L12 photoperiods. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly show that bioactive compounds of grapes can modulate the metabolic markers of white and brown adipose tissues in a photoperiod and depot-dependent manner, partly affecting EE when consumed out of season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Francesca Manocchio
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Francisca I Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Navarro-Masip È, Colom-Pellicer M, Manocchio F, Arola-Arnal A, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, Aragonès G. Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidins Modulate Adipose Tissue Adaptations to Obesity in a Photoperiod-Dependent Manner in Fischer 344 Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041037. [PMID: 36839395 PMCID: PMC9967183 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms drive metabolic adaptations that influence body weight and adiposity. Adipose tissue is a key regulator of energy homeostasis in the organism, and its healthiness is needed to prevent the major consequences of overweight and obesity. In this context, supplementation with proanthocyanidins has been postulated as a potential strategy to prevent the alterations caused by obesity. Moreover, the effects of these (poly)phenols on metabolism are photoperiod dependent. In order to describe the impact of grape-seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) on important markers of adipose tissue functionality under an obesogenic environment, we exposed Fischer 344 rats to three different photoperiods and fed them a cafeteria diet for five weeks. Afterwards, we supplemented them with 25 mg GSPE/kg/day for four weeks. Our results revealed that GSPE supplementation prevented excessive body weight gain under a long photoperiod, which could be explained by increased lipolysis in the adipose tissue. Moreover, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) serum concentrations were restored by GSPE under standard photoperiod. GSPE consumption slightly helped combat the obesity-induced hypertrophy in adipocytes, and adiponectin mRNA levels were upregulated under all photoperiods. Overall, the administration of GSPE helped reduce the impact of obesity in the adipose tissue, depending on the photoperiod at which GSPE was consumed and on the type of adipose depots.
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Navarro-Masip È, Caron A, Mulero M, Arola L, Aragonès G. Photoperiodic Remodeling of Adiposity and Energy Metabolism in Non-Human Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021008. [PMID: 36674520 PMCID: PMC9865556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy homeostasis and metabolism in mammals are strongly influenced by seasonal changes. Variations in photoperiod patterns drive adaptations in body weight and adiposity, reflecting changes in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Humans also show distinct patterns of energy balance depending on the season, being more susceptible to gaining weight during a specific time of the year. Changes in body weight are mainly reflected by the adipose tissue, which is a key metabolic tissue and is highly affected by circannual rhythms. Mostly, in summer-like (long-active) photoperiod, adipocytes adopt a rather anabolic profile, more predisposed to store energy, while food intake increases and energy expenditure is reduced. These metabolic adaptations involve molecular modifications, some of which have been studied during the last years and are summarized in this review. In addition, there is a bidirectional relation between obesity and the seasonal responses, with obesity disrupting some of the seasonal responses observed in healthy mammals, and altered seasonality being highly associated with increased risk of developing obesity. This suggests that changes in photoperiod produce important metabolic alterations in healthy organisms. Biological rhythms impact the regulation of metabolism to different extents, some of which are already known, but further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between energy balance and seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Ruiz de Azua MJ, Cruz-Carrión Á, Muguerza B, Aragonès G, Arola-Arnal A, Romero MP, Bravo FI, Suarez M. In-Season Consumption of Locally Produced Tomatoes Decreases Cardiovascular Risk Indices. Nutrients 2022; 15:43. [PMID: 36615701 PMCID: PMC9823597 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are widely consumed worldwide at any time of the year. However, depending on the variety, they have a characteristic season. We evaluated the consequences metabolic of consumption of Ekstasis tomatoes from different geographical origin and in different seasons in Fischer 344 rats. The hepatic gene expression of key enzymes in lipid metabolism was also evaluated. Animals were classified in three photoperiods (L6, L12, and L18) and in three treatments (vehicle: VH; local tomato: LT; and non-local tomato: nLT). We measured serum metabolic parameters and the gene expression of liver enzymes related to lipid metabolism (Acc1, Cpt1a, Had, Fas1, Srebp-1c, Fatp5, Cd36). LT consumption in season decreased cardiovascular risk 1 and coefficient atherogenic by 1.81 (p = 0.031) and in L6 decreased TAG and glucose (p = 0.046; p = 0.024). The L18-LT animals had decreased total cholesterol (p = 0.029) and gene expression of Srebp1-c (p = 0.022) but increased expression of Acc1 (p = 0.032). The treatments significantly affected the expression of Acc1 and Fas1 in the liver and the levels of serum TAG and glucose. A significant effect of photoperiod on serum concentration of glucose, insulin, HOMA index, and on the hepatic expression of Srep1-c, Fas1, and Acc1 was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Josefina Ruiz de Azua
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Cruz-Carrión
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - María Paz Romero
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Suarez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Torres‐Fuentes C, Suárez M, Aragonès G, Mulero M, Ávila‐Román J, Arola‐Arnal A, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Cardioprotective Properties of Phenolic Compounds: A Role for Biological Rhythms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100990. [PMID: 35279936 PMCID: PMC9786928 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of deaths worldwide and their prevalence is continuously increasing. Available treatments may present several side effects and therefore the development of new safer therapeutics is of interest. Phenolic compounds have shown several cardioprotective properties helpful in reducing different CVD risk factors such as inflammation, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, or endothelial dysfunction. These factors are significantly influenced by biological rhythms which are in fact emerging as key modulators of important metabolic and physiological processes. Thus, increased events of CVD have been observed under circadian rhythm disruption or in winter versus other seasons. These rhythms can also affect the functionality of phenolic compounds. Indeed, different effects have been observed depending on the administration time or under different photoperiods. Therefore, in this review the focus will be on the potential of phenolic compounds as therapeutics to prevent CVD via biological rhythm modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Torres‐Fuentes
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Javier Ávila‐Román
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Anna Arola‐Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Maria Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
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Arreaza-Gil V, Escobar-Martínez I, Muguerza B, Aragonès G, Suárez M, Torres-Fuentes C, Arola-Arnal A. The effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins in cafeteria diet-induced obese Fischer 344 rats are influenced by faecal microbiota in a photoperiod dependent manner. Food Funct 2022; 13:8363-8374. [PMID: 35916585 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are of high interest due to their beneficial health effects, including anti-obesity properties. The gut microbiota may play an important role in polyphenol-mediated effects as these bacteria are significantly involved in the metabolism of polyphenols. Moreover, seasonal rhythms have been demonstrated to influence both the gut microbiota composition and polyphenol bioavailability. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of photoperiods and microbiota on polyphenol functionality in an obesogenic context. Towards this aim, cafeteria diet-fed Fischer 344 rats were housed under three different photoperiod conditions (L6: 6 h of light, L12: 12 h of light and L18: 18 h of light) for 9 weeks. During the last 4 weeks of the experiment, rats were daily administered with an oral dose of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) (25 mg per kg body weight). Additionally, rats treated with GSPE and an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) in their drinking water were included for a better understanding of the gut microbiota role in GSPE functionality. Vehicle and non-ABX treated rats were included as controls. GSPE decreased body weight gain and fat depots only under L18 conditions. Interestingly, the gut microbiota composition was strongly altered in this photoperiod. GSPE + ABX-treated rats gained significantly less body weight compared to the rats of the rest of the treatments under L18 conditions. These results suggest that GSPE functionality is modulated by the gut microbiota in a photoperiod dependent manner. These novel findings corroborate seasonal rhythms as key factors that must be taken into account when investigating the effects of polyphenols in the treatment or prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Arreaza-Gil
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Iván Escobar-Martínez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Colom-Pellicer M, Rodríguez RM, Soliz-Rueda JR, de Assis LVM, Navarro-Masip È, Quesada-Vázquez S, Escoté X, Oster H, Mulero M, Aragonès G. Proanthocyanidins Restore the Metabolic Diurnal Rhythm of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue According to Time-Of-Day Consumption. Nutrients 2022; 14:2246. [PMID: 35684049 PMCID: PMC9182881 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has beneficial effects on the functionality of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, although WAT metabolism shows a clear diurnal rhythm, whether GSPE consumption could affect WAT rhythmicity in a time-dependent manner has not been studied. Ninety-six male Fischer rats were fed standard (STD, two groups) or cafeteria (CAF, four groups) diet for 9 weeks (n = 16 each group). From week 6 on, CAF diet animals were supplemented with vehicle or 25 mg GSPE/kg of body weight either at the beginning of the light/rest phase (ZT0) or at the beginning of the dark/active phase (ZT12). The two STD groups were also supplemented with vehicle at ZT0 or ZT12. In week 9, animals were sacrificed at 6 h intervals (n = 4) to analyze the diurnal rhythms of subcutaneous WAT metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. A total of 45 metabolites were detected, 19 of which presented diurnal rhythms in the STD groups. Although most metabolites became arrhythmic under CAF diet, GSPE consumption at ZT12, but not at ZT0, restored the rhythmicity of 12 metabolites including compounds involved in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. These results demonstrate that timed GSPE supplementation may restore, at least partially, the functional dynamics of WAT when it is consumed at the beginning of the active phase. This study opens an innovative strategy for time-dependent polyphenol treatment in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Romina M. Rodríguez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Jorge R. Soliz-Rueda
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Marie Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (L.V.M.d.A.); (H.O.)
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (X.E.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (X.E.)
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Marie Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (L.V.M.d.A.); (H.O.)
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
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Colom-Pellicer M, Rodríguez RM, Navarro-Masip È, Bravo FI, Mulero M, Arola L, Aragonès G. Time-of-day dependent effect of proanthocyanidins on adipose tissue metabolism in rats with diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1394-1402. [PMID: 35523954 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) improve white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion during diet-induced obesity. However, because adipose metabolism is synchronized by circadian rhythms, it is plausible to speculate that the bioactivity of dietary proanthocyanidins could be influenced by the time-of-day in which they are consumed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the interaction between zeitgeber time (ZT) and GSPE consumption on the functionality of WAT in rats with diet-induced obesity. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed a cafeteria diet for 9 weeks. After 5 weeks, the animals were supplemented with 25 mg GSPE/kg for 4 weeks at the beginning of the light/rest phase (ZT0) or of the dark/active phase (ZT12). Body fat content was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and histological analyses were performed in the epididymal (EWAT) and inguinal (IWAT) fat depots to determine adipocyte size and number. In addition, the expression of genes related to adipose metabolism and circadian clock function were analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS GSPE consumption at ZT0 was associated with a potential antidiabetic effect without affecting adiposity and energy intake and downregulating the gene expression of inflammatory markers in EWAT. In contrast, GSPE consumption at ZT12 improved adipose tissue expansion decreasing adipocyte size in IWAT. In accordance with this adipogenic activity, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were downregulated at ZT12 in IWAT. In turn, GSPE consumption at ZT12, but not at ZT0, repressed the expression of the clock gene Cry1 in IWAT. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between ZT and GSPE consumption influenced the metabolic response of WAT in a tissue-specific manner. Understanding the impact of circadian clock on adipose metabolism and how this is regulated by polyphenols will provide new insights for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Romina M Rodríguez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
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10
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Soliz-Rueda JR, López-Fernández-Sobrino R, Bravo FI, Aragonès G, Suarez M, Muguerza B. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Mitigate the Disturbances Caused by an Abrupt Photoperiod Change in Healthy and Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091834. [PMID: 35565801 PMCID: PMC9100649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in the light/dark cycle and obesogenic diets trigger physiological and behavioral disorders. Proanthocyanidins, in addition to their healthy properties, have recently demonstrated a modulating effect on biological rhythms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the administration of a grape seed proanthocyanidin-rich extract (GSPE) to mitigate the disruption caused by a sudden photoperiod change in healthy and cafeteria (CAF)-diet obese rats. For this, 48 photoperiod-sensitive Fischer 344 rats were fed standard or CAF diets for 6 weeks under a standard (12 h light/day, L12) conditions. Then, rats were switched to a long (18 h light/day, L18) or short (6 h light/day, L6) photoperiod and administered vehicle or GSPE (25 mg/kg) for 1 week. Body weight (BW) and food intake (FI) were recorded weekly. Animal activity and serum hormone concentrations were studied before and after the photoperiod change. Hormone levels were measured both at 3 h (ZT3) and 15 h (ZT15) after the onset of light. Results showed the impact of the CAF diet and photoperiod on the BW, FI, activity, and hormonal status of the animals. GSPE administration resulted in an attenuation of the changes produced by the photoperiod disruption. Specifically, GSPE in L6 CAF-fed rats reduced serum corticosterone concentration, restoring its circadian rhythm, increased the T3-to-T4 ratio, and increased light phase activity, while under L18, it decreased BW and testosterone concentration and increased the animal activity. These results suggest that GSPE may contribute to the adaptation to the new photoperiods. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the metabolic pathways and processes involved in these events.
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11
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Rajha HN, Paule A, Aragonès G, Barbosa M, Caddeo C, Debs E, Dinkova R, Eckert GP, Fontana A, Gebrayel P, Maroun RG, Napolitano A, Panzella L, Pasinetti GM, Stevens JF, Schieber A, Edeas M. Recent Advances in Research on Polyphenols: Effects on Microbiota, Metabolism, and Health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100670. [PMID: 34806294 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have attracted huge interest among researchers of various disciplines because of their numerous biological activities, such as antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, cancer chemopreventive, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties, and their promising applications in many fields, mainly in the medical, cosmetics, dietary supplement and food industries. In this review, the latest scientific findings in the research on polyphenols interaction with the microbiome and mitochondria, their metabolism and health beneficial effects, their involvement in cognitive diseases and obesity development, as well as some innovations in their analysis, extraction methods, development of cosmetic formulations and functional food are summarized based on the papers presented at the 13th World Congress on Polyphenol Applications. Future implications of polyphenols in disease prevention and their strategic use as prophylactic measures are specifically addressed. Polyphenols may play a key role in our tomorrow´s food and nutrition to prevent many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armelle Paule
- International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition and Health, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Rada Dinkova
- University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Prisca Gebrayel
- International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition and Health, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marvin Edeas
- University de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, 1016, France
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12
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Quesada-Vázquez S, Colom-Pellicer M, Navarro-Masip È, Aragonès G, Del Bas JM, Caimari A, Escoté X. Supplementation with a Specific Combination of Metabolic Cofactors Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatic Fibrosis, and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3532. [PMID: 34684533 PMCID: PMC8541294 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have emerged as the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the world. Obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are multifactorial risk factors strongly associated with NAFLD/NASH. Here, a specific combination of metabolic cofactors (a multi-ingredient; MI) containing precursors of glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) (betaine, N-acetyl-cysteine, L-carnitine and nicotinamide riboside) was evaluated as effective treatment for the NAFLD/NASH pathophysiology. Six-week-old male mice were randomly divided into control diet animals and animals exposed to a high fat and high fructose/sucrose diet to induce NAFLD. After 16 weeks, diet-induced NAFLD mice were distributed into two groups, treated with the vehicle (HFHFr group) or with a combination of metabolic cofactors (MI group) for 4 additional weeks, and blood and liver were obtained from all animals for biochemical, histological, and molecular analysis. The MI treatment reduced liver steatosis, decreasing liver weight and hepatic lipid content, and liver injury, as evidenced by a pronounced decrease in serum levels of liver transaminases. Moreover, animals supplemented with the MI cocktail showed a reduction in the gene expression of some proinflammatory cytokines when compared with their HFHFr counterparts. In addition, MI supplementation was effective in decreasing hepatic fibrosis and improving insulin sensitivity, as observed by histological analysis, as well as a reduction in fibrotic gene expression (Col1α1) and improved Akt activation, respectively. Taken together, supplementation with this specific combination of metabolic cofactors ameliorates several features of NAFLD, highlighting this treatment as a potential efficient therapy against this disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Josep M. Del Bas
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
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13
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Cruz-Carrión Á, Ruiz de Azua MJ, Bravo FI, Aragonès G, Muguerza B, Suárez M, Arola-Arnal A. Tomatoes consumed in-season prevent oxidative stress in Fischer 344 rats: impact of geographical origin. Food Funct 2021; 12:8340-8350. [PMID: 34328156 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) constitute an important source of health-promoting compounds including bioactive antioxidants, such as flavonoids, that can differ in terms of composition and quantity depending on the conditions that tomatoes are cultivated. Otherwise, biological rhythms modulate oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of seasonally consumed tomatoes from two different geographical origins (local LT or non-local NLT) in Fischer 344 rats. The results show that LT and NLT have a specific phenolic signature and that each tomato gives a particular response toward biomarkers evaluated, which in turn showed a photoperiod-dependent effect. Remarkably, when tomatoes were administered in-season they improved or sustained antioxidant biomarkers, thus reducing oxidative stress values. It is noteworthy that the protective effect of tomatoes against oxidative stress depends on the geographical origin of the crop. Therefore, tomatoes consumed in-season may improve health by preventing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cruz-Carrión
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ma Josefina Ruiz de Azua
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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14
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Ávila-Román J, Soliz-Rueda JR, Bravo FI, Aragonès G, Suárez M, Arola-Arnal A, Mulero M, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Torres-Fuentes C, Muguerza B. Phenolic compounds and biological rhythms: Who takes the lead? Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Martín-González MZ, Palacios-Jordan H, Mas-Capdevila A, Rodríguez MA, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, Aragonès G. A multifunctional ingredient for the management of metabolic syndrome in cafeteria diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:815-824. [PMID: 33399141 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02810j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The body weight-lowering properties of a multifunctional ingredient (MIX) based on conjugated linoleic acid at low doses, the flavonoids proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins and the chicken feet hydrolysate Hpp11 have been previously reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term administration of MIX on other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats fed a cafeteria diet (CAF). Male Wistar rats were fed CAF for 11 weeks, and during the last 3 weeks, animals were orally administered MIX or vehicle. Lipid tolerance tests were performed before and after MIX administration. At the end of the experimental period, serum and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) metabolism were analyzed by metabolomics and biochemical approaches. The metabolite signature of serum and iWAT significantly changed after 3 weeks of MIX administration, suggesting an improvement in lipid and glucose homeostasis in these animals. In addition, MIX also exhibited significant antihypertensive properties. These results suggest that MIX could be a good candidate to ameliorate the cardiometabolic risk factors related to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Z Martín-González
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
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16
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Mas-Capdevila A, Iglesias-Carres L, Arola-Arnal A, Aragonès G, Muguerza B, Bravo FI. Implication of Opioid Receptors in the Antihypertensive Effect of a Novel Chicken Foot-Derived Peptide. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E992. [PMID: 32630658 PMCID: PMC7408493 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide AVFQHNCQE demonstrated to produce nitric oxide-mediated antihypertensive effect. This study investigates the bioavailability and the opioid-like activity of this peptide after its oral administration. For this purpose, in silico and in vitro approaches were used to study the peptide susceptibility to GI digestion. In addition, AVFQHNCQE absorption was studied both in vitro by using Caco-2 cell monolayers and in vivo evaluating peptide presence in plasma from Wistar rats by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that peptide AVFQHNCQE was not absorbed. Thus, the potential involvement of opioid receptors in the BP-lowering effect of AVFQHNCQE was studied in the presence of opioid receptors-antagonist Naloxone. No changes in blood pressure were recorded in rats administered Naloxone, demonstrating that AVFQHNCQE antihypertensive effect is mediated through its interaction with opioid receptors. AVFQHNCQE opioid-like activity would clarify the antihypertensive properties of AVFQHNCQE despite its lack of absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mas-Capdevila
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (L.I.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (G.A.); (F.I.B.)
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (L.I.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (G.A.); (F.I.B.)
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (L.I.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (G.A.); (F.I.B.)
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (L.I.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (G.A.); (F.I.B.)
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (L.I.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (G.A.); (F.I.B.)
- EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (L.I.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (G.A.); (F.I.B.)
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17
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Ardid-Ruiz A, Harazin A, Barna L, Walter FR, Bladé C, Suárez M, Deli MA, Aragonès G. The effects of Vitis vinifera L. phenolic compounds on a blood-brain barrier culture model: Expression of leptin receptors and protection against cytokine-induced damage. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 247:112253. [PMID: 31562952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The medicinal properties of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are well known since ancient times. Ethnobotanical grape preparations, like the Ayurvedic Darakchasava are used as cardiotonic and for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Dried grape products are also applied in Iranian traditional medicine for memory problems, which are linked to the pathology of brain microvessels, a special part of the cardiovascular system. The anti-inflammatory and protective effects of these traditional preparations on the cardiovascular system are related to their bioactive phenolic compounds. AIM OF THE STUDY The blood-brain barrier (BBB), formed by brain capillaries, is not only involved in inflammatory and other diseases of the central nervous system, but also in many systemic diseases with an inflammatory component. Dietary obesity is a systemic chronic inflammatory condition in which the peripheral and central vascular system is affected. Among the cerebrovascular changes in obesity defective leptin transport across the BBB related to central leptin resistance is observed. Our aim was to study the protective effects of grape phenolic compounds epicatechin (EC), gallic acid (GA) and resveratrol (RSV) and grape-seed proanthocyanidin-rich extract (GSPE) on a cytokine-induced vascular endothelial inflammation model. Using a culture model of the BBB we investigated cytokine-induced endothelial damage and changes in the expression of leptin receptors and leptin transfer. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the BBB model, primary cultures of rat brain endothelial cells, glial cells and pericytes were used in co-culture. Cells were treated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) (10 ng/ml each) to induce damage. Cell toxicity was evaluated by the measurement of impedance. The expression of leptin receptors was assessed by RT-qPCR and western blot. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected by fluorescent probes. RESULTS GSPE (10 μg/ml), EC (10 μM), GA (1 μM) or RSV (10 μM) did not change the viability of brain endothelial cells. The gene expression of the short leptin receptor isoform, Ob-Ra, was up-regulated by GSPE, EC and RSV, while the mRNA levels of Lrp2 and clusterin, clu/ApoJ were not affected. The tested compounds did not change the expression of the long leptin receptor isoform, Ob-Rb. RSV protected against the cytokine-induced increase in albumin permeability of the BBB model. GSPE and EC exerted an antioxidant effect and GSPE increased NO both alone and in the presence of cytokines. The cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF-κB was blocked by GSPE, GA and RSV. Cytokines increased the mRNA expression of Lrp2 which was inhibited by EC. RSV increased Ob-Ra and Clu in the presence of cytokines. Cytokines elevated leptin transfer across the BBB model, which was not modified by GSPE or RSV. CONCLUSION Our results obtained on cell culture models confirm that natural grape compounds protect vascular endothelial cells against inflammatory damage in accordance with the ethnopharmacological use of grape preparations in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, grape compounds and GSPE, by exerting a beneficial effect on the BBB, may also be considered in the treatment of obesity after validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ardid-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - András Harazin
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lilla Barna
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Maria A Deli
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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18
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Quesada-Vázquez S, Aragonès G, Del Bas JM, Escoté X. Diet, Gut Microbiota and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Three Parts of the Same Axis. Cells 2020; 9:E176. [PMID: 31936799 PMCID: PMC7016763 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. NAFLD is principally characterized by an excessive fat accumulation in the hepatocytes. Diet is considered as one of the main drivers to modulate the composition of gut microbiota, which participate in different processes, affecting human metabolism. A disruption in the homeostasis of gut microbiota may lead to dysbiosis, which is commonly reflected by a reduction of the beneficial species and an increment in pathogenic microbiota. Gut and liver are in close relation due to the anatomical and functional interactions led by the portal vein, thus altered intestinal microbiota might affect liver functions, promoting inflammation, insulin resistance and steatosis, which is translated into NAFLD. This review will highlight the association between diet, gut microbiota and liver, and how this axis may promote the development of NAFLD progression, discussing potential mechanisms and alterations due to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Finally, it will revise the variations in gut microbiota composition in NAFLD, and it will focus in specific species, which directly affect NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
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19
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Ardid-Ruiz A, Ibars M, Mena P, Del Rio D, Muguerza B, Arola L, Aragonès G, Suárez M. Resveratrol Treatment Enhances the Cellular Response to Leptin by Increasing OBRb Content in Palmitate-Induced Steatotic HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246282. [PMID: 31842467 PMCID: PMC6941089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of leptin with its hepatic longest receptor (OBRb) promotes the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), protecting the liver from lipid accumulation. However, leptin signalling is disrupted in hepatic steatosis, causing leptin resistance. One promising strategy to combat this problem is the use of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Since resveratrol (RSV) is a modulator of lipid homeostasis in the liver, we investigated whether treatment with different doses of RSV restores appropriate leptin action and fat accumulation in palmitate-induced steatotic human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Both RSV metabolism and the expression of molecules implicated in leptin signalling were analysed. RSV at a 10 μM concentration was entirely metabolized to resveratrol-3-sulfate after 24 and counteracted leptin resistance by increasing the protein levels of OBRb. In addition, RSV downregulated the expression of lipogenic genes including fatty acid synthase (Fas) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Scd1) without any significant change in Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) enzymatic activity. These results demonstrate that RSV restored leptin sensitivity in a cellular model of hepatic steatosis in a SIRT1-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ardid-Ruiz
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Ibars
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, 43215 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnological Area, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-558-188
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Iglesias-Carres L, Mas-Capdevila A, Bravo FI, Aragonès G, Arola-Arnal A, Muguerza B. A comparative study on the bioavailability of phenolic compounds from organic and nonorganic red grapes. Food Chem 2019; 299:125092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Arola-Arnal A, Cruz-Carrión Á, Torres-Fuentes C, Ávila-Román J, Aragonès G, Mulero M, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, Arola L, Suárez M. Chrononutrition and Polyphenols: Roles and Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2602. [PMID: 31671606 PMCID: PMC6893786 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms can influence the activity of bioactive compounds, and at the same time, the intake of these compounds can modulate biological rhythms. In this context, chrononutrition has appeared as a research field centered on the study of the interactions among biological rhythms, nutrition, and metabolism. This review summarizes the role of phenolic compounds in the modulation of biological rhythms, focusing on their effects in the treatment or prevention of chronic diseases. Heterotrophs are able to sense chemical cues mediated by phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds, promoting their adaptation to environmental conditions. This is called xenohormesis. Hence, the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in phenolic compounds exerts several health benefits, mainly attributed to the product of their metabolism. However, the profile of phenolic compounds present in plants differs among species and is highly variable depending on agricultural and technological factors. In this sense, the seasonal consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits could induce important changes in the regulation of physiology and metabolism due to the particular phenolic profile that the fruits contain. This fact highlights the need for studies that evaluate the impact of these specific phenolic profiles on health to establish more accurate dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Cruz-Carrión
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Iglesias-Carres L, Mas-Capdevila A, Bravo FI, Aragonès G, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A. Optimization of a polyphenol extraction method for sweet orange pulp (Citrus sinensis L.) to identify phenolic compounds consumed from sweet oranges. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211267. [PMID: 30699169 PMCID: PMC6353169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sweet oranges has been linked to several health benefits, many of which are attributed to hesperidin, a flavanone that is present in high amounts in these fruits. However, other phenolic compounds can contribute to the bioactivity of sweet orange. To link those effects to their phenolic profile, the complete characterization of the phenolic profile is mandatory. Although many studies have profiled the phenolic composition of orange juices, their pulps, which retain phenolic compounds, are overlooked. This fact is particularly relevant because dietary guidelines recommend the consumption of whole fruits. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a specific method for the optimal extraction of phenolics from orange pulp and to use this method to characterize these fruits grown at different locations by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The extraction conditions that reported the highest total polyphenol content (TPC) and hesperidin contents were 20 mL/g, 55 °C, and 90% methanol. The extraction time and number of sequential steps were further evaluated and optimized as 20 min and two extraction steps, respectively. Although lower extraction rates were achieved when using ethanol as the extraction solvent, high TPC and hesperidin yields were obtained, suggesting the potential use of this methodology to produce phenolic-rich extracts for the food industry. By applying the optimized methodology and analyzing the extracts by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, geographic cultivation regions were demonstrated to affect the phenolic profiles of oranges. In short, we developed a quick, easy-to-perform methodology that can be used to extract orange phenolics from pulp for their identification and quantification and to evaluate the factors that affect the phenolic profile in sweet orange pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Mas-Capdevila
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca I Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
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Ibars M, Aragonès G, Ardid-Ruiz A, Gibert-Ramos A, Arola-Arnal A, Suárez M, Bladé C. Seasonal consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits affects the hypothalamic leptin signaling system in a photoperiod-dependent mode. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13572. [PMID: 30206280 PMCID: PMC6133929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin has a central role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis, and its sensitivity is influenced by both the photoperiod and dietary polyphenols. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonal consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits on the hypothalamic leptin signaling system in non-obese and obese animals placed under different photoperiods. Non-obese and diet-induced obese male Fischer 344 rats were placed under either a short-day (SD) or long-day (LD) photoperiod and were supplemented with either 100 mg/kg of lyophilized red grapes or cherries. In non-obese animals, both fruits reduced energy balance independent of the photoperiod to which they were placed. However, the hypothalamic gene expression of Pomc was significantly up-regulated only in the SD photoperiod. In contrast, in obese animals only cherry significantly decreased the energy balance, although both fruits were able to counteract the diet-induced increase in hypothalamic AgRP mRNA levels when consumed during the SD photoperiod. In conclusion, the consumption of rich-polyphenol fruits may increase leptin sensitivity through the modulation of the hypothalamic leptin signal pathway mainly when consumed in the SD photoperiod. Therefore, fruit seasonality should be considered, as it can influence energy homeostasis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ibars
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Andrea Ardid-Ruiz
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
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24
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Gimeno A, Ardid-Ruiz A, Ojeda-Montes MJ, Tomás-Hernández S, Cereto-Massagué A, Beltrán-Debón R, Mulero M, Valls C, Aragonès G, Suárez M, Pujadas G, Garcia-Vallvé S. Combined Ligand- and Receptor-Based Virtual Screening Methodology to Identify Structurally Diverse Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1939-1948. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Gimeno
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Andrea Ardid-Ruiz
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - María José Ojeda-Montes
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Sarah Tomás-Hernández
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Adrià Cereto-Massagué
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Cristina Valls
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
- EURECAT, TECNIO, CEICS; Avinguda Universitat 1 43204 Reus Catalonia Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus de Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
- EURECAT, TECNIO, CEICS; Avinguda Universitat 1 43204 Reus Catalonia Spain
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25
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Aragonès G, Danesi F, Del Rio D, Mena P. The importance of studying cell metabolism when testing the bioactivity of phenolic compounds. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Suárez-García S, Arola L, Pascual-Serrano A, Arola-Arnal A, Aragonès G, Bladé C, Suárez M. Development and validation of a UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of mammal lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines in serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Alegret JM, Martínez-Micaelo N, Aragonès G, Beltrán-Debón R. Circulating endothelial microparticles are elevated in bicuspid aortic valve disease and related to aortic dilation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 217:35-41. [PMID: 27179206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The mechanisms underlying aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease are unknown. Circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) have emerged as biomarkers of endothelial damage. We sought to evaluate the relationships among EMPs, BAV disease, and aortic dilation. METHODS Four evaluations were used. Circulating EMPs (PECAM(+), E-selectin(+)) were compared between BAV patients and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) control subjects. The variables related to circulating EMPs were investigated in BAV patients. Circulating EMP levels were compared between BAV and TAV patients with a dilated aorta. Finally, circulating EMPs in BAV patients were evaluated over time with respect to aortic valve surgery (AVS) or aortic surgery. RESULTS We observed higher levels of circulating PECAM(+) EMPs in the BAV patients than in the control subjects (3.98±0.2 vs. 2.39±0.4 per log PECAM(+) EMPs/μl, p=0.001). Aortic dilation was the most significant variable that correlated with the PECAM(+) EMP levels in the BAV patients (β=0.321, p=0.008). The BAV patients with aortic dilation exhibited higher PECAM(+)EMP levels than the TAV patients with dilated aortas, and this correlation was independent of aortic valve function. We observed a drastic decrease in the circulating PECAM(+) EMPs following AVS and aortic root replacement (4.27±0.6 and 1.75±0.3 per log PECAM(+)EMPs/μl, p=0.002). CONCLUSION The observed pattern of higher circulating PECAM(+) EMP levels links BAV disease to endothelial damage and aortic dilation. Circulating PECAM(+) EMPs were identified as a biological variable related to aortic dilation in patients with BAV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Alegret
- Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Aragonès G, Suárez M, Ardid-Ruiz A, Vinaixa M, Rodríguez MA, Correig X, Arola L, Bladé C. Dietary proanthocyanidins boost hepatic NAD(+) metabolism and SIRT1 expression and activity in a dose-dependent manner in healthy rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24977. [PMID: 27102823 PMCID: PMC4840337 DOI: 10.1038/srep24977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) have been reported to modulate multiple targets by simultaneously controlling many pivotal metabolic pathways in the liver. However, the precise mechanism of PAC action on the regulation of the genes that control hepatic metabolism remains to be clarified. Accordingly, we used a metabolomic approach combining both nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analysis to evaluate the changes induced by different doses of grape-seed PACs in the liver of healthy rats. Here, we report that PACs significantly increased the hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) content in a dose-dependent manner by specifically modulating the hepatic concentrations of the major NAD(+) precursors as well as the mRNA levels of the genes that encode the enzymes involved in the cellular metabolism of NAD(+). Notably, Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) gene expression was also significantly up-regulated in a dose-response pattern. The increase in both the NAD(+) availability and Sirt1 mRNA levels, in turn, resulted in the hepatic activation of SIRT1, which was significantly associated with improved protection against hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Our data clearly indicates that PAC consumption could be a valid tool to enhance hepatic SIRT1 activity through the modulation of NAD(+) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andrea Ardid-Ruiz
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Vinaixa
- Metabolomics Platform of the Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), University Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez
- Center for Omic Sciences (COS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- Metabolomics Platform of the Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), University Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Center for Omic Sciences (COS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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29
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Aragonès G, Ardid-Ruiz A, Ibars M, Suárez M, Bladé C. Modulation of leptin resistance by food compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1789-803. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Aragonès
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Andrea Ardid-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Maria Ibars
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
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30
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Bladé C, Aragonès G, Arola-Arnal A, Muguerza B, Bravo FI, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Suárez M. Proanthocyanidins in health and disease. Biofactors 2016; 42:5-12. [PMID: 26762288 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet. Several epidemiological studies connect PA consumption and health benefits and the designation of PAs as healthy compounds started at the early stages of the 20th century. The beneficial health properties of PAs are attributed to their conjugated and colonic metabolites. Therefore, gut microbial compositions can determine the effectiveness of PAs. Reciprocally, dietary polyphenols can act as prebiotics. Recently, it has also been described that PAs modulate the circadian rhythm. Biochemical and epigenetic mechanisms, including the modulation of microRNAs, allow PAs to modulate cell functionality. PA effects in metabolic diseases are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Bladé
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Ferrán A, Alegret JM, Subirana I, Aragonès G, Lluis-Ganella C, Romero-Menor C, Planas F, Joven J, Elosua R. Asociación de los polimorfismos rs2200733 y rs7193343 con la fibrilación auricular en población española y metanálisis de la evidencia existente. Rev Esp Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ferrán A, Alegret JM, Subirana I, Aragonès G, Lluis-Ganella C, Romero-Menor C, Planas F, Joven J, Elosua R. Association between rs2200733 and rs7193343 genetic variants and atrial fibrillation in a Spanish population, and meta-analysis of previous studies. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2014; 67:822-9. [PMID: 25262128 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to analyze the association between two genetic variants (rs2200733 and rs7193343) in a Spanish population and the risk of developing atrial fibrillation, and to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of these associations. METHODS We performed a case-control study involving 257 case patients with atrial fibrillation and 379 controls. The case patients were individuals who had donated samples to the Spanish National DNA Bank; the controls were participating in a population-based cross-sectional study. Genotyping was carried out using a TaqMan assay. We conducted a systematic literature search in which 2 independent reviewers extracted the necessary information. The study involved a meta-analysis, a heterogeneity analysis, and a meta-regression analysis to identify the variables that explain the heterogeneity across studies. RESULTS In our population, the presence of atrial fibrillation was found to be associated with rs2200733 (odds ratio = 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.70), but not with rs7193343 (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.73). In the meta-analysis, we observed an association between atrial fibrillation and both variants: odds ratio = 1.71 (95% confidence interval, 1.54-1.90) for rs2200733 and odds ratio = 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.25) for rs7193343. We observed heterogeneity among the studies dealing with the association between rs2200733 and atrial fibrillation, partially related to the study design, and the strength of association was greater in case-control studies (odds ratio = 1.83) than in cohort studies (odds ratio = 1.41). CONCLUSIONS Variants rs2200733 and rs7193343 are associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation. Case-control studies tend to overestimate the strength of association between these genetic variants and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ferrán
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Alegret
- Sección de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Sección de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Centre for Omic Sciences, Servei de Recursos Científics i Tècnics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carla Lluis-Ganella
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Romero-Menor
- Servicio de Cardiología, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Planas
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica (URB-CRB), IISPV, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.
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Joven J, March I, Espinel E, Fernández‐Arroyo S, Rodríguez‐Gallego E, Aragonès G, Beltrán‐Debón R, Alonso‐Villaverde C, Rios L, Martin‐Paredero V, Menendez JA, Micol V, Segura‐Carretero A, Camps J. Hibiscus sabdariffa
extract lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1374-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | | | - Eugenia Espinel
- Department of nephrology Hospital Universitari de la vall d'Hebron
| | - Salvador Fernández‐Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez‐Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán‐Debón
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso‐Villaverde
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Lidia Rios
- Hospital lleuger de Cambrils Tarragona Spain
| | - Vicente Martin‐Paredero
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Javier A. Menendez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology and Girona Biomedical Research Institute Girona Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular Universidad Miguel Hernández Alicante Spain
| | | | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
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Rull A, Geeraert B, Aragonès G, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, García-Heredia A, Pedro-Botet J, Joven J, Holvoet P, Camps J. Rosiglitazone and fenofibrate exacerbate liver steatosis in a mouse model of obesity and hyperlipidemia. A transcriptomic and metabolomic study. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1731-43. [PMID: 24479691 DOI: 10.1021/pr401230s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) play an important role in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammatory, and vascular responses. We show the effect of treatment with two PPAR agonists, fenofibrate (FF) and rosiglitazone (RSG), on ob/ob and LDLR-double deficient mice, by combined gene-expression and metabolomic analyses. Male mice were daily treated for 12 weeks with RSG (10 mg·kg(1-)·day(-1) per os (p.o.), n = 8) and FF (50 mg·kg(1-)·day(-1) p.o., n = 8). Twelve untreated ob/ob and LDLR-double deficient mice were used as controls. To integrate the transcriptomic and metabolomic results, we designed a hierarchical algorithm, based on the average linkage method in clustering. Data were also interpreted with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis program. FF and RSG treatments significantly increased the hepatic triglyceride content in the liver when compared with the control group, and the treatments induced an increase in the number and size of hepatic lipid droplets. Both drugs simultaneously activate pro-steatotic and antisteatotic metabolic pathways with a well-ordered result of aggravation of the hepatic lipid accumulation. The present study is a cautionary note not only to researchers on the basic mechanism of the action of PPAR activators but also to the use of these compounds in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (CRB-URB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
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Fernández-Sender L, Alonso-Villaverde C, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Camps J, Beltrán-Debón R, Aragonès G, Menendez JA, Joven J. A possible role for CCR5 in the progression of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther 2013; 10:11. [PMID: 23659629 PMCID: PMC3663662 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokines can block viral entry by interfering with HIV co-receptors and are recognised mediators of atherosclerosis development. A number of experimental drugs that inhibit HIV entry arrest the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. We hypothesised that the expression of chemokine receptors in circulating leukocytes is associated with the rate of atherosclerosis progression in HIV-infected patients. Methods The increase in intima-media thickness during a 2-year follow-up was used to classify HIV-infected patients (n = 178) as progressors (n = 142) or non-progressors (n = 36) with respect to atherosclerosis. Logistic regression was used to assess variables associated with atherosclerosis progression. Mutations in the CCR5Δ32, CCR2 64I, and CX3CR1 (T280M and V249I) co-receptors as well as the levels of CCR5, CXCR4, CX3CR1, and CCR2 mRNA expression in circulating leukocytes were analysed as independent variables. Results Among the baseline variables, only genetic variants explained the dichotomous outcome. The expression of CCR2 and CXCR4 did not discriminate between progressors and non-progressors. Conversely, CCR5 and CX3CR1 expression was higher in not only progressors but also patients with detectable viral load. The logistic regression, however, demonstrated a significant role for CCR5 expression as a predictor of atherosclerosis progression (B = 2.1, OR = 8.1, p = 0.04) and a negligible effect for CXC3R1 and CCR2 expression. Conclusions Available CCR5 antagonists should be investigated for their potential to delay the course of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients.
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Alegret JM, Aragonès G, Elosua R, Beltrán-Debón R, Hernández-Aguilera A, Romero-Menor C, Camps J, Joven J. The relevance of the association between inflammation and atrial fibrillation. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:324-31. [PMID: 23397981 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relevance of the association between inflammation and atrial fibrillation (AF) is not firmly established. The clinical importance is considerable because inflammation is usually not targeted as a treatment option, minimizing a probable benefit. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have used a case-control study with a Mendelian randomization rationale to assess whether proposed risk factors that have a genetic component and are readily detected in circulating blood are causally related to AF. The studied variables were C-reactive protein (CRP) and a representative of the chemokine system, the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2). RESULTS Plasma CRP and CCL2 concentrations were significantly higher in AF patients than in the unaffected population. However, when segregated between paroxysmal and permanent, the difference for CRP was only observed in patients with a permanent condition. Plasma CCL2 was raised in both subgroups. Confounding factors were carefully considered, and multivariable analyses revealed that circulating CCL2 was significant and CRP was negligible to explain the presence of AF. The duration of the episode also bore a significant predictive value. Odd ratios for AF as a function of genotype did not differ from 1·0 for any of the individual CRP and CCL2 polymorphisms, or any combinations. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma CRP concentration per se does not increase atrial fibrillation risk. Values obtained for CCL2 suggest that inflammation is probably a consequence of AF. Our data also suggest that the effect of the duration of the episode should be further studied in the assessment of the actual role of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Alegret
- Secció de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Abstract
The main concern in exploring modulation of PPARs in experimental animals is probably the choice of the model. Although mechanistic studies may be well designed using knockout and transgenic animals, the interpretation of results with respect to inferred results of PPAR activation into humans should be performed cautiously. This is even more important in this field considering that undesired and unexpected effects have been already described in human epidemiologic studies. Taken together, these observations suggest that a global approach using omic technologies, although expensive, is probably the most suitable to obtain useful data. Also, in this approach, we propose all tissues should be explored, not only those obviously relevant to metabolism, or stored in proper conditions if further assessment is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica(URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Martinelli N, García-Heredia A, Roca H, Aranda N, Arija V, Mackness B, Mackness M, Busti F, Aragonès G, Pedro-Botet J, Pedica F, Cataldo I, Marsillach J, Joven J, Girelli D, Camps J. Paraoxonase-1 status in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1484-92. [PMID: 23471031 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p028977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by accumulation of iron, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrogenesis in liver tissue. In this setting, research on the protection afforded by intracellular antioxidants is of clinical relevance. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an enzyme that degrades lipid peroxides. This study investigates the alterations in serum PON1 status, PON1 gene polymorphisms, and PON1 hepatic expression in patients with HH. We performed a case-control study in 77 patients with HH (80.5% men, 22-70 years of age) and 408 healthy individuals (43.1% men, 26-74 years of age). Serum PON1 activities against different substrates and PON1192 and PON155 polymorphisms were analyzed. PON1 protein expression was investigated in 20 liver biopsies. HH patients had significantly lower serum PON1 activity, which was inversely correlated with ferritin (marker of iron stores) and serum 8-isoprostane concentrations (index of oxidative stress). PON1 protein expression in liver tissue was higher in patients and showed stronger staining in hepatocytes surrounding the areas of inflammation. Our study provides preliminary evidence that PON1 may play a role in protecting against iron-induced oxidative stress in hereditary hemochromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
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Menendez JA, Joven J, Aragonès G, Barrajón-Catalán E, Beltrán-Debón R, Borrás-Linares I, Camps J, Corominas-Faja B, Cufí S, Fernández-Arroyo S, Garcia-Heredia A, Hernández-Aguilera A, Herranz-López M, Jiménez-Sánchez C, López-Bonet E, Lozano-Sánchez J, Luciano-Mateo F, Martin-Castillo B, Martin-Paredero V, Pérez-Sánchez A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Riera-Borrull M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Quirantes-Piné R, Rull A, Tomás-Menor L, Vazquez-Martin A, Alonso-Villaverde C, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A. Xenohormetic and anti-aging activity of secoiridoid polyphenols present in extra virgin olive oil: a new family of gerosuppressant agents. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:555-78. [PMID: 23370395 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging can be viewed as a quasi-programmed phenomenon driven by the overactivation of the nutrient-sensing mTOR gerogene. mTOR-driven aging can be triggered or accelerated by a decline or loss of responsiveness to activation of the energy-sensing protein AMPK, a critical gerosuppressor of mTOR. The occurrence of age-related diseases, therefore, reflects the synergistic interaction between our evolutionary path to sedentarism, which chronically increases a number of mTOR activating gero-promoters (e.g., food, growth factors, cytokines and insulin) and the "defective design" of central metabolic integrators such as mTOR and AMPK. Our laboratories at the Bioactive Food Component Platform in Spain have initiated a systematic approach to molecularly elucidate and clinically explore whether the "xenohormesis hypothesis," which states that stress-induced synthesis of plant polyphenols and many other phytochemicals provides an environmental chemical signature that upregulates stress-resistance pathways in plant consumers, can be explained in terms of the reactivity of the AMPK/mTOR-axis to so-called xenohormetins. Here, we explore the AMPK/mTOR-xenohormetic nature of complex polyphenols naturally present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a pivotal component of the Mediterranean style diet that has been repeatedly associated with a reduction in age-related morbid conditions and longer life expectancy. Using crude EVOO phenolic extracts highly enriched in the secoiridoids oleuropein aglycon and decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycon, we show for the first time that (1) the anticancer activity of EVOO secoiridoids is related to the activation of anti-aging/cellular stress-like gene signatures, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, spermidine and polyamine metabolism, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and NRF2 signaling; (2) EVOO secoiridoids activate AMPK and suppress crucial genes involved in the Warburg effect and the self-renewal capacity of "immortal" cancer stem cells; (3) EVOO secoiridoids prevent age-related changes in the cell size, morphological heterogeneity, arrayed cell arrangement and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining of normal diploid human fibroblasts at the end of their proliferative lifespans. EVOO secoiridoids, which provide an effective defense against plant attack by herbivores and pathogens, are bona fide xenohormetins that are able to activate the gerosuppressor AMPK and trigger numerous resveratrol-like anti-aging transcriptomic signatures. As such, EVOO secoiridoids constitute a new family of plant-produced gerosuppressant agents that molecularly "repair" the aimless (and harmful) AMPK/mTOR-driven quasi-program that leads to aging and aging-related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
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Joven J, Menéndez JA, Fernandez-Sender L, Espinel E, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Pedro-Botet J, Alonso-Villaverde C, Camps J, Aragonès G. Metformin: a cheap and well-tolerated drug that provides benefits for viral infections. HIV Med 2012; 14:233-40. [PMID: 23171036 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin resistance in viral infections is common. We have explored the effectiveness of metformin for alleviating insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients and assessed the relevance of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) rs11212617 variant in the clinical response with the rationale that metformin modulates cellular bioenergetics in an ATM-dependent process. METHODS HIV-infected patients (n = 385) were compared with controls recruited from the general population (n = 300) with respect to the genotype distribution of the ATM rs11212617 variant and its influence on selected metabolic and inflammatory variables. We also followed up a subset of male patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection (n = 47) who were not receiving antiviral treatment and for whom metformin was prescribed for insulin resistance, which tends to have a higher incidence and severity in coinfected patients. RESULTS Among the HIV-infected patients, human cytomegalovirus (91.9%) and HCV (62.3%) coinfections were frequent. Selected metabolic and/or inflammatory variables were significantly altered in infected patients. Treatment with metformin in HIV and HCV coinfected patients was well tolerated and significantly increased the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin. The minor allele (C) of the rs11212617 variant was associated with treatment success and may affect the course of insulin resistance in response to metformin (odds ratio 1.21; 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.39; P = 0.005). There were no differences between treated and untreated patients in viral loads or variables measuring immune defence, indicating that toxicity is unlikely. CONCLUSIONS We provide novel data suggesting that identification of the ATM rs11212617 variant may be important in assessing the glycaemic response to metformin treatment for insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), IISPV, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Joven J, Espinel E, Rull A, Aragonès G, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Camps J, Micol V, Herranz-López M, Menéndez JA, Borrás I, Segura-Carretero A, Alonso-Villaverde C, Beltrán-Debón R. Plant-derived polyphenols regulate expression of miRNA paralogs miR-103/107 and miR-122 and prevent diet-induced fatty liver disease in hyperlipidemic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:894-9. [PMID: 22503922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have the potential for clinical application. Probable modulation by plant-derived polyphenols might open preventive measures using simple dietary recommendations. METHODS We assessed the ability of continuous administration of high-dose polyphenols to modulate hepatic metabolism and microRNA expression in diet-induced fatty liver disease in commercially available hyperlipidemic mice using well-established and accepted procedures that included the development of new antibodies against modified quercetin. RESULTS Weight gain, liver steatosis, changes in the composition of liver tissue, and insulin resistance were all attenuated by the continuous administration of polyphenols. We also demonstrated that metabolites of polyphenols accumulate in immune cells and at the surface of hepatic lipid droplets indicating not only bioavailability but a direct likely action on liver cells. The addition of polyphenols also resulted in changes in the expression of miR-103, miR-107 and miR-122. CONCLUSIONS Polyphenols prevent fatty liver disease under these conditions. The differential expression of mRNAs and miRNAs was also associated with changes in lipid and glucose metabolism and with the activation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, effects that are not necessarily connected. miRNAs function via different mechanisms and miRNA-mRNA interactions are difficult to ascertain with current knowledge. Further, cell models usually elicit contradictory results with those obtained in animal models. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate that plant-derived polyphenols should be tested in humans as preventive rather than therapeutic agents in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid utilization. A multi-faceted mechanism of action is likely and the regulation of liver miRNA expression blaze new trails in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Djeghader A, Aragonès G, Darbinian N, Elias M, Gonzalez D, García-Heredia A, Beltrán-Debón R, Kaminski R, Gotthard G, Hiblot J, Rull A, Rohr O, Schwartz C, Alonso-Villaverde C, Joven J, Camps J, Chabriere E. The level of DING proteins is increased in HIV-infected patients: in vitro and in vivo studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33062. [PMID: 22427948 PMCID: PMC3302901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DING proteins constitute an interesting family, owing to their intriguing and important activities. However, after a decade of research, little is known about these proteins. In humans, at least five different DING proteins have been identified, which were implicated in important biological processes and diseases, including HIV. Indeed, recent data from different research groups have highlighted the anti-HIV activity of some DING representatives. These proteins share the ability to inhibit the transcriptional step of HIV-1, a key step of the viral cycle that is not yet targeted by the current therapies. Since such proteins have been isolated from humans, we undertook a comprehensive study that focuses on the relationship between these proteins and HIV-infection in an infectious context. Hence, we developed a home-made ELISA for the quantification of the concentration of DING proteins in human serum. Using this method, we were able to determine the concentration of DING proteins in healthy and HIV-infected patients. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase of the concentration of DING proteins in non treated and treated HIV-infected patients compared to controls. In addition, cell cultures infected with HIV also show an increased expression of DING proteins, ruling out the possible role of antiretroviral treatment in the increase of the expression of DING proteins. In conclusion, results from this study show that the organism reacts to HIV-infection by an overexpression of DING proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Djeghader
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Médecine Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nune Darbinian
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mikael Elias
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Médecine Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafal Kaminski
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Gotthard
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Médecine Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Hiblot
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Médecine Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anna Rull
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olivier Rohr
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jorge Joven
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail: (JC); (EC)
| | - Eric Chabriere
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Médecine Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (JC); (EC)
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Ferré R, Plana N, Merino J, Aragonès G, Girona J, Heras M, Coll B, Cos R, Masana L. Effects of therapeutic lifestyle changes on peripheral artery tonometry in patients with abdominal obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:95-102. [PMID: 20708393 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abdominal obesity (AO) is associated with endothelial function (EF) alteration and increased global cardiovascular (CV) risk. Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLSC) reduce CV risk, but the impact on EF assessed by peripheral artery tonometry (PAT) is unknown. In this study, we aimed to prospectively assess the effects of TLSC on EF measured by PAT in increased CV risk patients with AO. METHODS AND RESULTS 150 patients with AO and moderate CV risk were randomized to groups receiving a one-year intervention of either conventional medical care (control group, CG) or an intensive TLSC program (intervention group, IG). Vascular studies (EF by PAT, intima-media thickness (IMT)) and lifestyle (LS) assessment were performed before and after intervention. The PAT ratio improved in the IG and worsened in the CG. The global CV risk was reduced (P = 0.017) in the IG due to a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), increase in HDL cholesterol and ApolipoproteinA1 (P = 0.013). More individuals in the IG than in the CG quit smoking (P = 0.001) and increased their physical activity (P = 0.014). The improvement in at least two LS components was associated with a PAT ratio increase (2.44 IC: 95% 0.99-6.00, P = 0.051). The PAT ratio increase determined less IMT progression (-1.1 IC: 95% 0.91-1.00, P = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS Good adherence to a TLSC program reduces global CV risk and determines PAT ratio improvement. The PAT ratio increase is the main determinant of lower IMT progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferré
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C.Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Aragonès G, Ercilla A, Barreda M, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Alonso-Villaverde C, Camps J, Joven J. Human Duffy blood group alloantigen system influences the measurement of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in serum but not in plasma. Clin Lab 2012; 58:185-188. [PMID: 22372364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored whether the Asp42Gly polymorphism (rs12075) in the DARC gene represents a confounding factor in the interpretation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentration in circulating blood. METHODS MCP-1 concentration in serum and plasma were measured in 278 healthy Caucasian participants who are representative of our geographic area. The rs12075 genotype distribution was also assessed in this population. RESULTS Plasma MCP-1 concentration did not vary among the rs12075 polymorphism derived genotypes [in pg/mL, AA: 171.9 (100.2 - 287.2), AG: 178.9 (105.1 - 326.4) and GG: 173.7 (94.4 - 405.7)]. However, there were significant increases in serum MCP-1 related to the presence of the A allele [in pg/mL, AA: 334.6 (180.4 - 756.4), AG: 299.1 (166.1 - 634.9) and GG: 249.1 (149.3 - 578.1)]. CONCLUSIONS These findings limit the value of circulating MCP-1 as a biomarker and apparently indicate a pathophysiological role for silent chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Aragonès
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Reus, Spain
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García-Heredia A, Marsillach J, Aragonès G, Guardiola M, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Folch A, Mackness B, Mackness M, Pedro-Botet J, Joven J, Camps J. Serum paraoxonase-3 concentration is associated with the severity of hepatic impairment in patients with chronic liver disease. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1320-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Aragonès G, García-Heredia A, Guardiola M, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Marsillach J, Alonso-Villaverde C, Mackness B, Mackness M, Pedro-Botet J, Pardo-Reche P, Joven J, Camps J. Serum paraoxonase-3 concentration in HIV-infected patients. Evidence for a protective role against oxidation. J Lipid Res 2011; 53:168-74. [PMID: 22003209 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p018457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the HIV infection on serum paraoxonase-3 (PON3) concentration and assessed the relationships with lipoprotein-associated abnormalities, immunological response, and accelerated atherosclerosis. We studied 207 HIV-infected patients and 385 healthy volunteers. Serum PON3 was determined by in-house ELISA, and PON3 distribution in lipoproteins was investigated by fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC). Polymorphisms of the PON3 promoter were analyzed by the Iplex Gold MassArray(TM) method. PON3 concentrations were increased (about three times) in HIV-infected patients with respect to controls (P < 0.001) and were inversely correlated with oxidized LDL levels (P = 0.038). Long-term use of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based antiretroviral therapy was associated with a decrease of PON3 concentrations. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, these relationships were still strong when the main confounding covariates were considered. PON3 was mainly found in HDL in HIV-infected patients, but a substantial amount of the protein was detected in LDL particles. This study reports for the first time an important increase in serum PON3 concentrations in HIV-infected patients that is associated with their oxidative status and their treatment with NNRTI. Long-term, prospective studies are needed to confirm the possible influence of this enzyme on the course of this disease and its possible utility as an analytical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Aragonès
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Aragonès G, Alonso-Villaverde C, Pardo-Reche P, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Sender L, Camps J, Joven J. Antiretroviral treatment-induced dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients is influenced by the APOC3-related rs10892151 polymorphism. BMC Med Genet 2011; 12:120. [PMID: 21939545 PMCID: PMC3189871 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The recently observed association between the APOC3-related rs10892151 polymorphism and serum triglyceride levels has prompted us the possibility to explore whether this genetic variant may play a major role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/antiretroviral therapy-induced dyslipidemia. Methods We determined the rs10892151 genotype distribution and serum apolipoprotein (apo) C-III concentration in a group of HIV-infected patients (n = 208) and in a group of age and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 200). Circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels were followed for 12 months after antiretroviral treatment initiation in the HIV-infected group. Results There were no significant variations in the frequency of the A allele between the healthy and HIV-infected groups (7.5 vs. 8.6%, respectively; p = 0.7); additionally, the A allele was not related to serum apo C-III concentration. However, among patients receiving protease inhibitor (PI) treatment, carriers of the A allele had significantly increased serum triglyceride (5.76 ± 2.54 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (6.63 ± 2.85 mmol/L) concentrations together with depressed levels of HDL-cholesterol (0.75 ± 0.3 mmol/L) when compared with patients not carrying the allele (2.43 ± 1.32, 5.2 ± 2.17 and 1.24 ± 0.4 mmol/L, respectively) at the end of the study. This effect was only evident for HDL-cholesterol concentration when patients were treated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (1.05 ± 0.4 vs. 1.28 ± 0.4 mmol/L). Conclusions The A allelic variant of the rs10892151 polymorphism is not associated with serum apo C-III concentration, but predisposes HIV-infected patients to less favorable lipid profile, particularly in those patients treated with PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Aragonès
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Rull A, García R, Fernández-Sender L, Beltrán-Debón R, Aragonès G, Alegret J, Alonso-Villaverde C, Mackness M, Camps J, Martin-Paredero V, Joven J. 415 MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 AND PARAOXONASE-1 IN PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE: A MODEL OF INTERACTION BETWEEN DEFENSE AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Aragonès G, Girona J, Lázaro I, Cabré A, Masana L. 154 FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN 4 INDUCES ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION THROUGHT INSULIN-SIGNALING PATHWAY IN HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Joven J, Espinel E, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Aragonès G, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Camps J, Pedro-Botet J, Sans T, Menéndez JA, Alonso-Villaverde C. Serum fatty acid synthase concentration is increased in patients with hepatitis viral infection and may assist in the prediction of liver steatosis. J Clin Virol 2011; 51:199-201. [PMID: 21555238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver steatosis is frequent in patients with chronic hepatitis viral infections. Intracellular fatty acid synthase (FASN) seems to play a substantial role in its pathogenesis. FASN can also be found in circulation and is significantly increased in HIV-infected individuals, especially if they are co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). OBJECTIVES To assess whether serum FASN concentration is also increased in patients with chronic hepatitis viral infections and its relationship with liver steatosis. STUDY DESIGN Samples and associated data were obtained from stored collections in our institutions from patients with chronic infections with either hepatitis B virus (HBV, cHB, n=60), HCV (cHC, n=81) or co-infection (n=29). RESULTS The incidence of liver steatosis was significantly (p<0.001) different among groups (23.7% in cHB, 34.2% in cHC and 69.2% in co-infected). A similar trend was observed for changes in serum ALT [in μKat/L, 1.41 (0.08), 1.62 (0.08) and 1.95 (0.16) respectively; p=0.02] and serum FASN [in ng/mL, 9.44 (1.28), 16.38 (1.93) and 31.47 (4.26) respectively; p<0.001]. Serum FASN concentration was related to the degree of liver steatosis, and was correlated with serum ALT values when the whole group was considered (ρ=0.207; p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Serum FASN concentration is significantly increased in patients with chronic hepatitis viral infections and correlated with the degree of liver steatosis. These findings may represent a basis for further studies searching non-invasive biomarkers with either diagnostic or prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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