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Hullugundi SK, Dolkas J, Chernov AV, Yaksh TL, Eddinger KA, Angert M, Catroli GF, Strongin AY, Dougherty PM, Li Y, Quehenberger O, Armando A, Shubayev VI. Cholesterol-dependent LXR transcription factor activity represses pronociceptive effects of estrogen in sensory neurons and pain induced by myelin basic protein fragments. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100757. [PMID: 38590761 PMCID: PMC10999831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A bioactive myelin basic protein (MBP) fragment, comprising MBP84-104, is released in sciatic nerve after chronic constriction injury (CCI). Intraneural injection (IN) of MBP84-104 in an intact sciatic nerve is sufficient to induce persistent neuropathic pain-like behavior via robust transcriptional remodeling at the injection site and ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord. The sex (female)-specific pronociceptive activity of MBP84-104 associates with sex-specific changes in cholesterol metabolism and activation of estrogen receptor (ESR)1 signaling. Methods In male and female normal and post-CCI rat sciatic nerves, we assessed: (i) cholesterol precursor and metabolite levels by lipidomics; (ii) MBP84-104 interactors by mass spectrometry of MBP84-104 pull-down; and (iii) liver X receptor (LXR)α protein expression by immunoblotting. To test the effect of LXRα stimulation on IN MBP84-104-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, the LXRα expression was confirmed along the segmental neuraxis, in DRG and spinal cord, followed by von Frey testing of the effect of intrathecally administered synthetic LXR agonist, GW3965. In cultured male and female rat DRGs exposed to MBP84-104 and/or estrogen treatments, transcriptional effect of LXR stimulation by GW3965 was assessed on downstream cholesterol transporter Abc, interleukin (IL)-6, and pronociceptive Cacna2d1 gene expression. Results CCI regulated LXRα ligand and receptor levels in nerves of both sexes, with cholesterol precursors, desmosterol and 7-DHC, and oxysterol elevated in females relative to males. MBP84-104 interacted with nuclear receptor coactivator (Ncoa)1, known to activate LXRα, injury-specific in nerves of both sexes. LXR stimulation suppressed ESR1-induced IL-6 and Cacna2d1 expression in cultured DRGs of both sexes and attenuated MBP84-104-induced pain in females. Conclusion The injury-released bioactive MBP fragments induce pronociceptive changes by selective inactivation of nuclear transcription factors, including LXRα. By Ncoa1 sequestration, bioactive MBP fragments render LXRα function to counteract pronociceptive activity of estrogen/ESR1 in sensory neurons. This effect of MBP fragments is prevalent in females due to high circulating estrogen levels in females relative to males. Restoring LXR activity presents a promising therapeutic strategy in management of neuropathic pain induced by bioactive MBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi K. Hullugundi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrei V. Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A. Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mila Angert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Glaucilene Ferreira Catroli
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex Y. Strongin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M. Dougherty
- Department of Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Aaron Armando
- Lipidomics Core, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veronica I. Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Gastelum Guerrero C, Cháidez Fernández YL, Magaña Ordorica D, Berger H, Vazquez Landrove M, Guadrón Llanos A, Angulo Rojo C, Magaña Gómez J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of serum lipid concentrations in people with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024; 68:553-563. [PMID: 38404114 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder, being the leading cause of intellectual disability. The increased life expectancy of individuals with DS has led to a shift in the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, resulting in new concerns, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to analyse the blood lipid profile of a large DS cohort to establish a baseline for evaluating health risk parameters. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases to identify original articles published before July 2022. Selected studies were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifteen studies reporting serum lipid levels in individuals with DS were incorporated into the analysis. The meta-analysis used the means and standard deviations extracted from the selected studies. The analysis encompassed 671 participants in the DS group and 898 euploid controls. The results indicated significant differences in total cholesterol [C] (mean difference [MD]: -3.34; CI: 95%: -4.94 to -1.73; P < 0.0001), HDL-C (MD: -3.39; CI: 95%: -6.72 to -0.06; P = 0.05) and triglycerides (MD: 21.48; CI: 95%: 9.32 to 33.65; P = 0.0005) levels between individuals with DS and their control counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with DS have less favourable blood lipid concentrations than their controls, particularly HDL-C, triglycerides, and total-C, even when grouped by age. These findings underscore the importance of closer monitoring of lipid profiles in people with DS and the necessity for specific cut-offs for this population, considering the risk for ischemic heart and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dalia Magaña Ordorica
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Heidi Berger
- Department of Mathematics, Simpson College, Indianola, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - Carla Angulo Rojo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Javier Magaña Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
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Alharbi N, Shalash AO, Koirala P, Boer JC, Hussein WM, Khalil ZG, Capon RJ, Plebanski M, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Cholesterol as an inbuilt immunoadjuvant for a lipopeptide vaccine against group A Streptococcus infection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:43-52. [PMID: 38387185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Peptide-based vaccines can trigger highly specific immune responses, although peptides alone are usually unable to confer strong humoral or cellular immunity. Consequently, peptide antigens are administered with immunostimulatory adjuvants, but only a few are safe and effective for human use. To overcome this obstacle, herein a peptide antigen was lipidated to effectively anchor it to liposomes and emulsion. A peptide antigen B cell epitope from Group A Streptococcus M protein was conjugated to a universal T helper epitope, the pan DR-biding epitope (PADRE), alongside a lipidic moiety cholesterol. Compared to a free peptide antigen, the lipidated version (LP1) adopted a helical conformation and self-assembled into small nanoparticles. Surprisingly, LP1 alone induced the same or higher antibody titers than liposomes or emulsion-based formulations. In addition, antibodies produced by mice immunized with LP1 were more opsonic than those induced by administering the antigen with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. No side effects were observed in the immunized mice and no excessive inflammatory immune responses were detected. Overall, this study demonstrated how simple conjugation of cholesterol to a peptide antigen can produce a safe and efficacious vaccine against Group A Streptococcus - the leading cause of superficial infections and the bacteria responsible for deadly post-infection autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedaa Alharbi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Boer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zeinab G Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Zhu L, Shi Y, Feng Z, Yuan D, Guo S, Wang Y, Shen H, Li Y, Yan F, Wang Y. Fatostatin promotes anti-tumor immunity by reducing SREBP2 mediated cholesterol metabolism in tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176519. [PMID: 38522641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant lipid metabolism impacts intratumoral T cell-mediated immune response and tumor growth. Fatostatin functions as an inhibitor of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) activation. However, the complex effects of fatostatin on cholesterol metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its influence on T cell anti-tumor immunity remain unclear. In this study, fatostatin effectively suppressed B16 melanoma, MC38 colon cancer, and Lewis lung cancer (LLC) transplanted tumor growth in immunocompetent mice by reducing SREBPs-mediated lipid metabolism, especially cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, fatostatin decreased intracellular cholesterol accumulation and inhibited X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reducing Treg cells and alleviating CD8+ T cell exhaustion in the TME, exerting anti-tumor activity. Nevertheless, this effect was impaired in immunodeficient nude mice, suggesting fatostatin's anti-tumor efficacy in transplanted tumors partly relies on T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Our study highlights SREBP2-mediated cholesterol metabolism as a potential strategy for anti-tumor immunotherapy, and confirms fatostatin's promise in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yilin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhelong Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dingyi Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shiduo Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haowen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Institute of Medical Device Testing, Nanjing, 210022, China
| | - Yan Li
- Integrated Service& Management Office, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Saadh MJ, Bazghandi B, Jamialahmdi H, Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran F, Forouzanfar F, Esmaeili SA, Saburi E. Therapeutic potential of lipid-lowering probiotics on the atherosclerosis development. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176527. [PMID: 38554932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis, mostly attributed to lifestyle behavior such as diet. Recent advances have emphasized the critical effects of gastrointestinal bacteria in the pathology of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, suggesting that the gastrointestinal microbiome can therefore provide efficient therapeutic targets for preventing and treating atherosclerosis. Thus, interventions, such as probiotic therapy, aimed at altering the bacterial composition introduce a promising therapeutic procedure. In the current review, we will provide an overview of anti-atherogenic probiotics contributing to lipid-lowering, inhibiting atherosclerotic inflammation, and suppressing bacterial atherogenic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
| | - Behina Bazghandi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Jamialahmdi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran.
| | | | - Ehsan Saburi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Wang R, Yan Q, Liu X, Wu J. Unraveling lipid metabolism reprogramming for overcoming drug resistance in melanoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116122. [PMID: 38467377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and its incidence is continuing to increase worldwide in the last decades. Traditional therapies for melanoma can easily cause drug resistance, thus the treatment of melanoma remains a challenge. Various studies have focused on reversing the drug resistance. As tumors grow and progress, cancer cells face a constantly changing microenvironment made up of different nutrients, metabolites, and cell types. Multiple studies have shown that metabolic reprogramming of cancer is not static, but a highly dynamic process. There is a growing interest in exploring the relationship between melanoma andmetabolic reprogramming, one of which may belipid metabolism. This review frames the recent research progresses on lipid metabolism in melanoma.In addition, we emphasize the dynamic ability of metabolism during tumorigenesis as a target for improving response to different therapies and for overcoming drug resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Fenton NM, Qian L, Scott NA, Paine EG, Sharpe LJ, Brown AJ. SC5D is the sixth enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis targeted by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF6. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159482. [PMID: 38508300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Fenton
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lydia Qian
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicola A Scott
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Eloise G Paine
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Laura J Sharpe
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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8
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Churchman LR, Beckett JR, Tan L, Woods K, Doherty DZ, Ghith A, Bernhardt PV, Bell SG, West NP, De Voss JJ. Synthesis of steroidal inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 239:106479. [PMID: 38346478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Oxidised derivatives of cholesterol have been shown to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The bacteriostatic activity of these compounds has been attributed to their inhibition of CYP125A1 and CYP142A1, two metabolically critical cytochromes P450 that initiate degradation of the sterol side chain. Here, we synthesise and characterise an extensive library of 28 cholesterol derivatives to develop a structure-activity relationship for this class of inhibitors. The candidate compounds were evaluated for MIC with virulent Mtb and in binding studies with CYP125A1 and CYP142A1 from Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Churchman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James R Beckett
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lendl Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kyra Woods
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Z Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Amna Ghith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Omar Khader A, van Trier T, van der Brug S, Liem AH, Groenemeijer BE, Schut A, Jorstad HT, Martens FMAC, Alings MAMW. Effects of a stepwise, structured LDL-C lowering strategy in patients post-acute coronary syndrome. Neth Heart J 2024; 32:206-212. [PMID: 38277062 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-023-01851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering constitutes a cornerstone of secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), yet a considerable number of patients do not achieve guideline-recommended LDL‑C targets. The 2016 European guidelines recommended titration of LDL‑C lowering medication in a set number of steps, starting with oral medication. We aimed to investigate the effects of this stepwise approach in post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS In a multicentre, prospective, non-randomised trial, we evaluated a three-step strategy aiming to reduce LDL‑C to ≤ 1.8 mmol/l in post-ACS patients with prior ASCVD and/or diabetes mellitus. Steps, undertaken every 4-6 weeks, included: 1) start high-intensity statin (HIST); 2) addition of ezetimibe; 3) addition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving LDL-C ≤ 1.8 mmol/l after Steps 1 and 2 (using oral medications alone). Secondary outcomes examined the prevalence of meeting the target throughout all steps ( https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/21157 ). RESULTS Out of 999 patients, 84% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 81-86) achieved the LDL‑C target using only statin and/or ezetimibe. In an intention-to-treat analysis, the percentages of patients meeting the LDL‑C target after each step were 69% (95% CI: 67-72), 84% (95% CI: 81-86), and 87% (95% CI: 85-89), respectively. There were protocol deviations for 23, 38 and 23 patients at each respective step. CONCLUSION Through stepwise intensification of lipid-lowering therapy, 84% of very high-risk post-ACS patients achieved an LDL‑C target of ≤ 1.8 mmol/l with oral medications alone. Addition of PCSK9i further increased this rate to 87% (95% CI: 85-89).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaram Omar Khader
- Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tinka van Trier
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - An-Ho Liem
- Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- WCN (Workgroup Cardiology Centres Netherlands), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn E Groenemeijer
- WCN (Workgroup Cardiology Centres Netherlands), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Gelre Hospitals Apeldoorn, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Schut
- WCN (Workgroup Cardiology Centres Netherlands), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harald T Jorstad
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrice M A C Martens
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- WCN (Workgroup Cardiology Centres Netherlands), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Marco A M W Alings
- Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- WCN (Workgroup Cardiology Centres Netherlands), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mei Y, Christensen GM, Li Z, Waller LA, Ebelt S, Marcus M, Lah JJ, Wingo AP, Wingo TS, Hüls A. Joint effects of air pollution and neighborhood socioeconomic status on cognitive decline - Mediation by depression, high cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171535. [PMID: 38453069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution and neighborhood socioeconomic status (N-SES) are associated with adverse cardiovascular health and neuropsychiatric functioning in older adults. This study examines the degree to which the joint effects of air pollution and N-SES on the cognitive decline are mediated by high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure (HBP), and depression. In the Emory Healthy Aging Study, 14,390 participants aged 50+ years from Metro Atlanta, GA, were assessed for subjective cognitive decline using the cognitive function instrument (CFI). Information on the prior diagnosis of high cholesterol, HBP, and depression was collected through the Health History Questionnaire. Participants' census tracts were assigned 3-year average concentrations of 12 air pollutants and 16 N-SES characteristics. We used the unsupervised clustering algorithm Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to create 6 exposure clusters based on the joint distribution of air pollution and N-SES in each census tract. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of the SOM cluster indicator on CFI, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, and neighborhood residential stability. The proportion of the association mediated by high cholesterol levels, HBP, and depression was calculated by comparing the total and direct effects of SOM clusters on CFI. Depression mediated up to 87 % of the association between SOM clusters and CFI. For example, participants living in the high N-SES and high air pollution cluster had CFI scores 0.05 (95 %-CI:0.01,0.09) points higher on average compared to those from the high N-SES and low air pollution cluster; after adjusting for depression, this association was attenuated to 0.01 (95 %-CI:-0.04,0.05). HBP mediated up to 8 % of the association between SOM clusters and CFI and high cholesterol up to 5 %. Air pollution and N-SES associated cognitive decline was partially mediated by depression. Only a small portion (<10 %) of the association was mediated by HBP and high cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Mei
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grace M Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lance A Waller
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stefanie Ebelt
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aliza P Wingo
- Division of Mental Health, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anke Hüls
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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11
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Park CHK, Kim D, Kim B, Rhee SJ, Cho SJ, Ahn YM. Serum lipids as predictive markers for death by suicide. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115837. [PMID: 38492263 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Serum lipid levels have been associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviors. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between serum lipid levels and death by suicide among suicide attempters according to sex. Suicide attempters visiting emergency departments between 2007 and 2011 were followed up until the date of all-cause death or December 31, 2012. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risk models were constructed to obtain the hazard ratios (HR) of serum lipid measures and suicide. For each significant lipid variable in the final models, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and cumulative incidence function (CIF) were employed to compare the time to suicide between the high- and low-lipid groups based on the best cutoff point from the receiver operating characteristic curve. In 408 female attempters (65.8 %), the HR in the Cox regression model and subdistribution HR in the competing risk model for increased total cholesterol (TC) were 0.968 and 0.970, respectively. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and CIF, increased death by suicide was demonstrated in the low-TC group (< 165 mg/dL). Lower serum TC levels among female suicide attempters may predict suicide. More careful monitoring is warranted in women with lower TC levels who recently attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hyung Keun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daewook Kim
- Haru Psychiatric Clinic, 775-1 Gaya-daero, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
| | - Sang Jin Rhee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Joon Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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12
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de Souza DM, Cavalcante HC, Dos Santos Lima M, Alves AF, da Veiga Dutra ML, D'Oliveira AB, Vasconcelos de Araújo AN, Gomes Dutra LM, Batista KS, de Souza Aquino J. Intermittent fasting associated with coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) alters gut-liver axis parameters in diet-induced obese rats. Nutrition 2024; 121:112370. [PMID: 38401196 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to investigate the effect of intermittent fasting, associated or not with coconut oil intake, on the gut-liver axis of obese rats. METHODS A total of 50 rats were divided into five groups: control, obese, obese with intermittent fasting, obese with intermittent fasting plus coconut oil, and obese with caloric restriction. The rats were induced to obesity with a high-sugar diet for 17 wk. The respective interventions were carried out in the last 4 wk. RESULTS The groups with intermittent fasting protocols had reduced total cholesterol (on average 54.31%), low-density lipoprotein (on average 53.39%), and triacylglycerols (on average 23.94%) versus the obese group; and the obese with intermittent fasting plus coconut oil group had the highest high-density lipoprotein compared with all groups. The obese with intermittent fasting plus coconut oil and obese with caloric restriction groups had lower metabolic load compared with the other groups. The obese group had high citric and succinic acid concentrations, which affected the hepatic tricarboxylic acid cycle, while all the interventions had reduced concentrations of these acids. No histologic changes were observed in the intestine or liver of the groups. CONCLUSION Intermittent fasting, especially when associated with coconut oil, had effects comparable with caloric restriction in modulating the parameters of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Melo de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Hassler Clementino Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Food and Beverage Analysis Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia da Veiga Dutra
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa D'Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alana Natalícia Vasconcelos de Araújo
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maria Gomes Dutra
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Kamila Sabino Batista
- Semiarid National Institute (Instituto Nacional do Semiárido - INSA), Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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Ge Q, Yan Y, Luo Y, Teng T, Cao C, Zhao D, Zhang J, Li C, Chen W, Yang B, Yi Z, Chang T, Chen X. Dietary supplements: clinical cholesterol-lowering efficacy and potential mechanisms of action. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38659110 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2342301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to analyse the efficacy of dietary supplements in reducing plasma cholesterol levels. Focusing on evidence from meta-analyses of randomised controlled clinical trials, with an emphasis on potential mechanisms of action as supported by human, animal, and cell studies. Certain dietary supplements including phytosterols, berberine, viscous soluble dietary fibres, garlic supplements, soy protein, specific probiotic strains, and certain polyphenol extracts could significantly reduce plasma total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 3-25% in hypercholesterolemic patients depending on the type of supplement. They tended to be more effective in reducing plasma LDL cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic individuals than in normocholesterolemic individuals. These supplements worked by various mechanisms, such as enhancing the excretion of bile acids, inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines, increasing the expression of hepatic LDL receptors, suppressing the activity of enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, and activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy and Information, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tai Teng
- Ningxia Guolong Hospital Co., LTD, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Binkun Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zicheng Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengwen Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
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14
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Becit-Kizilkaya M, Oncu S, Bugra Koca H, Cavusoglu D. Evaluation of anti-seizure medications and their serum concentration with regard to cardiovascular risk parameters: A cross-sectional study. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 155:109802. [PMID: 38657483 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a chronic disease that requires long-term monitoring and treatment. It is suspected that there is a interaction between the use of anti-seizure medications and the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study is to investigate the association between the intake of phenobarbital, carbamazepine and valproic acid and their serum drug concentrations (SDC) with various cardiovascular risk parameters (homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Data (demographic characteristics and laboratory results) of patients treated for epilepsy in a tertiary care hospital between January 2020 and February 2022 were analyzed retrospectively (n = 2014). Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, correlation analysis was used, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The median age of patients was 15 years (IQR:8-31) and 48.3 % were women. The highest homocysteine level was found in patients receiving valproic acid, but it was not statistically significant. Patients receiving phenobarbital had the highest levels of folic acid and B12 and the lowest levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which was statistically significant. In patients receiving carbamazepine, a moderately negative significant association was found between serum drug concentration and folic acid levels and a moderately positive significant association was found between TC and LDL levels. CONCLUSION In our study, the majority of patients were children and adolescents. Regular monitoring of drug serum concentrations and metabolic parameters may be useful to select the safest drug in terms of cardiovascular disease risk. Randomized controlled trials on the long-term effects of anti-seizure treatment are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Becit-Kizilkaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Seyma Oncu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Halit Bugra Koca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Cavusoglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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15
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Gower B, Blacket C, Girard D, Boyle T, Davison K. Prospective associations between systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and physical activity behaviour and the development of cardiovascular disease. Prev Med 2024; 183:107958. [PMID: 38657686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically appraise and summarise meta-analyses of longitudinal studies to determine the effect size, and quality and certainty of the evidence summaries for systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum cholesterol, and physical activity behaviour in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS An umbrella review was conducted by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Eligible meta-analyses were longitudinal studies investigating the association between SBP, serum cholesterol, or physical activity behaviour on CVD development. Summary risk estimates were extracted. Quality and certainty of the evidence summaries of included records were performed using AMSTAR 2 and GRADE, respectively. Forty-one eligible records were found of which thirteen related to SBP, five to cholesterol, and twenty-three to physical activity behaviour. The quality and certainty of the evidence summaries were variable, with most studies rating 'low'. Reported risk estimates for the risk of developing CVD ranged from: no change to a 68% decreased risk for lower SBP; a 21% increased risk to a 44% decreased risk for lower cholesterol; and a 1% decreased risk to a 56% decreased risk for higher physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS There were strong associations with CVD risk at the meta-analysis level for all three exposures, with a proportionally greater number of meta-analyses and primary studies for physical activity than SBP or serum cholesterol. Given the number of meta-analyses and similar CVD risk reductions and certainty of evidence associated with physical activity behaviour, there is a strong case for its routine assessment alongside SBP and serum cholesterol in primary CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Gower
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Chloe Blacket
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danielle Girard
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Terry Boyle
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; University of South Australia, Australian Centre for Precision Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kade Davison
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Palmer MA, Benatzy Y, Brüne B. Murine Alox8 versus the human ALOX15B ortholog: differences and similarities. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02961-w. [PMID: 38637408 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Human arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B is a lipoxygenase that catalyzes the peroxidation of arachidonic acid at carbon-15. The corresponding murine ortholog however has 8-lipoxygenase activity. Both enzymes oxygenate polyunsaturated fatty acids in S-chirality with singular reaction specificity, although they generate a different product pattern. Furthermore, while both enzymes utilize both esterified fatty acids and fatty acid hydro(pero)xides as substrates, they differ with respect to the orientation of the fatty acid in their substrate-binding pocket. While ALOX15B accepts the fatty acid "tail-first," Alox8 oxygenates the free fatty acid with its "head-first." These differences in substrate orientation and thus in regio- and stereospecificity are thought to be determined by distinct amino acid residues. Towards their biological function, both enzymes share a commonality in regulating cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages, and Alox8 knockdown is associated with reduced atherosclerosis in mice. Additional roles have been linked to lung inflammation along with tumor suppressor activity. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the enzymatic activity of human ALOX15B and murine Alox8, along with their association with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Palmer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Benatzy
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Zhang W, Chen L, Liu J, Chen B, Shi H, Chen H, Qi H, Wu Z, Mao X, Wang X, Huang Y, Li J, Yu Z, Zhong M, Wang T, Li Q. Inhibition of autophagy-related protein 7 enhances anti-tumor immune response and improves efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite instability colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:114. [PMID: 38627815 PMCID: PMC11020677 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy is primarily hindered by the limited T-cell immune response rate and immune evasion capacity of tumor cells. Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) plays an important role in autophagy and it has been linked to cancer. However, the role of ATG7 in the effect of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment on high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) CRC is still poorly understood. METHODS In this study, patients from the cancer genome altas (TCGA) COAD/READ cohorts were used to investigate the biological mechanism driving ATG7 development. Several assays were conducted including the colony formation, cell viability, qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry staining and in vivo tumorigenicity tests. RESULTS We found that ATG7 plays a crucial role in MSI-H CRC. Its knockdown decreased tumor growth and caused an infiltration of CD8+ T effector cells in vivo. ATG7 inhibition restored surface major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) levels, causing improved antigen presentation and anti-tumor T cell response by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, ATG7 inhibition also suppressed cholesterol accumulation and augmentation of anti-tumor immune responses. Combining ATG7 inhibition and statins improved the therapeutic benefit of anti-PD-1 in MSI-H CRC. Importantly, CRC patients with high expression of both ATG7 and recombinant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) experienced worse prognosis compared to those with low ATG7 and HMGCR expression. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of ATG7 leads to upregulation of MHC-I expression, augments immune response and suppresses cholesterol accumulation. These findings demonstrate that ATG7 inhibition has therapeutic potential and application of statins can increase the sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bicui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huanying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiyifan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Takayama M, Maeda S, Watanabe D, Takebayashi K, Hiroshima M, Ueda M. Cholesterol suppresses spontaneous activation of EGFR-mediated signal transduction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149673. [PMID: 38401305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signal transduction controls cell growth and proliferation. The signaling pathway is regulated so that it is activated only by external EGF stimuli, but the mechanisms that prevent EGF-independent spontaneous activation of EGFR-mediated signaling are unknown. Here we report cholesterol depletion activates EGFR-mediated signaling without EGF. We applied automated single-molecule imaging to EGFR and characterized the lateral diffusion and cluster formation on cholesterol-depleted and cholesterol-supplemented membranes. In cells in which cholesterol was depleted by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) treatment, EGFR exhibited a reduction in lateral diffusion, an acceleration of cluster formation, and autophosphorylation without EGF. Concurrently, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which is regulated by EGFR-mediated signaling, exhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation without EGF. These cholesterol depletion-induced changes were similar, albeit less efficient, to those that occurred with EGF stimulation in normal cells without MβCD, indicating the spontaneous activation of EGFR signaling. The exogenous supplementation of cholesterol suppressed the MβCD-induced spontaneous activation of EGFR and ERK nuclear translocation. Single-molecule imaging of EGFR in a large number of cells revealed cell-to-cell heterogeneity, with a sub-population showing a high ability for spontaneous activation. These results provide evidence that EGFR-mediated signaling is properly regulated by cholesterol metabolism to prevent uncontrolled spontaneous activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Takayama
- Laboratory of Single Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, BDR (Biosystems and Dynamics Research Center), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Sakura Maeda
- Laboratory of Single Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, BDR (Biosystems and Dynamics Research Center), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Laboratory of Single Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, BDR (Biosystems and Dynamics Research Center), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takebayashi
- Laboratory of Single Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, BDR (Biosystems and Dynamics Research Center), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Michio Hiroshima
- Laboratory of Single Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, BDR (Biosystems and Dynamics Research Center), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Laboratory of Single Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, BDR (Biosystems and Dynamics Research Center), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan.
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19
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Luo YX, Yang LL, Yao XQ. Gut microbiota-host lipid crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: implications for disease progression and therapeutics. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:35. [PMID: 38627829 PMCID: PMC11020986 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Trillions of intestinal bacteria in the human body undergo dynamic transformations in response to physiological and pathological changes. Alterations in their composition and metabolites collectively contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease is diverse and complex, evidence suggests lipid metabolism may be one of the potential pathways. However, the mechanisms that gut microbiota mediate lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease pathology remain unclear, necessitating further investigation for clarification. This review highlights the current understanding of how gut microbiota disrupts lipid metabolism and discusses the implications of these discoveries in guiding strategies for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xi Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Rashid-Farrokhi F, Abdullahi PR, Hemmati MA, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Modulating effects of crocin on lipids and lipoproteins: Mechanisms and potential benefits. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28837. [PMID: 38617922 PMCID: PMC11015417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia poses a significant risk to cardiovascular health in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Therefore, it is crucial to normalize lipid homeostasis in order to prevent or minimize complications associated with dyslipidemia. However, pharmacological interventions for controlling lipid metabolism often come with adverse effects. As an alternative, utilizing herbal-based agents, which typically have fewer side effects, holds promise. Crocin, a naturally occurring nutraceutical, has been shown to impact various intracellular pathways, reduce oxidative stress, and alleviate inflammatory processes. Recent evidence suggests that crocin may also confer lipid-related benefits and potentially contribute to the normalization of lipid homeostasis. However, the specific advantages and the cellular pathways involved are not yet well understood. In this review, we present the latest findings regarding the lipid benefits of crocin, which could be instrumental in preventing or reducing disorders associated with dyslipidemia. Additionally, we explore the potential cellular mechanisms and pathways that mediate these lipid benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Rashid-Farrokhi
- CKD Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, IranNephrology Department, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Telemedicine Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Hemmati
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Miyazaki S, Shimizu N, Miyahara H, Teranishi H, Umeda R, Yano S, Shimada T, Shiraishi H, Komiya K, Katoh A, Yoshimura A, Hanada R, Hanada T. DHCR7 links cholesterol synthesis with neuronal development and axonal integrity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 712-713:149932. [PMID: 38626530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The DHCR7 enzyme converts 7-DHC into cholesterol. Mutations in DHCR7 can block cholesterol production, leading to abnormal accumulation of 7-DHC and causing Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). SLOS is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple malformations, including microcephaly, intellectual disability, behavior reminiscent of autism, sleep disturbances, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like hyperactivity. Although 7-DHC affects neuronal differentiation in ex vivo experiments, the precise mechanism of SLOS remains unclear. We generated Dhcr7 deficient (dhcr7-/-) zebrafish that exhibited key features of SLOS, including microcephaly, decreased neural stem cell pools, and behavioral phenotypes similar to those of ADHD-like hyperactivity. These zebrafish demonstrated compromised myelination, synaptic anomalies, and neurotransmitter imbalances. The axons of the dhcr7-/- zebrafish showed increased lysosomes and attenuated autophagy, suggesting that autophagy-related neuronal homeostasis is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Teranishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Ryohei Umeda
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Shinji Yano
- Institute for Research Management, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimada
- Oita Medical Technology School, Japan College of Judo-Therapy, Acupuncture & Moxibustion Therapy, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiraishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kosaku Komiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Akira Katoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Hanada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
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22
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Li C, Stražar M, Mohamed AMT, Pacheco JA, Walker RL, Lebar T, Zhao S, Lockart J, Dame A, Thurimella K, Jeanfavre S, Brown EM, Ang QY, Berdy B, Sergio D, Invernizzi R, Tinoco A, Pishchany G, Vasan RS, Balskus E, Huttenhower C, Vlamakis H, Clish C, Shaw SY, Plichta DR, Xavier RJ. Gut microbiome and metabolome profiling in Framingham heart study reveals cholesterol-metabolizing bacteria. Cell 2024; 187:1834-1852.e19. [PMID: 38569543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with an altered gut microbiome. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms has been hindered by lack of matched multi-omic data with diagnostic biomarkers. To comprehensively profile gut microbiome contributions to CVD, we generated stool metagenomics and metabolomics from 1,429 Framingham Heart Study participants. We identified blood lipids and cardiovascular health measurements associated with microbiome and metabolome composition. Integrated analysis revealed microbial pathways implicated in CVD, including flavonoid, γ-butyrobetaine, and cholesterol metabolism. Species from the Oscillibacter genus were associated with decreased fecal and plasma cholesterol levels. Using functional prediction and in vitro characterization of multiple representative human gut Oscillibacter isolates, we uncovered conserved cholesterol-metabolizing capabilities, including glycosylation and dehydrogenation. These findings suggest that cholesterol metabolism is a broad property of phylogenetically diverse Oscillibacter spp., with potential benefits for lipid homeostasis and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ahmed M T Mohamed
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Tina Lebar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shijie Zhao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Lockart
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Dame
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric M Brown
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qi Yan Ang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Dallis Sergio
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachele Invernizzi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; University of Texas School of Public Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Emily Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stanley Y Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Eusébio D, Paul M, Biswas S, Cui Z, Costa D, Sousa Â. Mannosylated polyethylenimine- cholesterol-based nanoparticles for targeted delivery of minicircle DNA vaccine against COVID-19 to antigen-presenting cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123959. [PMID: 38430949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA vaccines can be a potential solution to protect global health, triggering both humoral and cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines are valuable in preventing intracellular pathogen infections, and therefore can be explored against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This work explored different systems based on polyethylenimine (PEI), functionalized for the first time with both cholesterol (CHOL) and mannose (MAN) to deliver parental plasmid (PP) and minicircle DNA (mcDNA) vectors encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). For comparative purposes, three different systems were evaluated: PEI, PEI-CHOL and PEI-CHOL-MAN. The systems were prepared at various nitrogen-to-phosphate group (N/P) ratios and characterized in terms of encapsulation efficiency, surface charge, size, polydispersity index (PDI), morphology, and stability over time. Moreover, in vitro transfection studies of dendritic cells (JAWS II) and human fibroblast cells were performed. Viability studies assured the biocompatibility of all nanocarriers. Confocal microscopy studies confirmed intracellular localization of systems, resulting in enhanced cellular uptake using PEI-CHOL and PEI-CHOL-MAN systems when compared with the PEI system. Regarding the RBD expression, PEI-CHOL-MAN was the system that led to the highest levels of transcripts and protein expression in JAWS II cells. Furthermore, the nanosystems significantly stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines production and dendritic cell maturation in vitro. Overall, mannosylated systems can be considered a valuable tool in the delivery of plasmid DNA or mcDNA vaccines to APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalinda Eusébio
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Milan Paul
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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24
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Kakiyama G, Minowa K, Bai-Kamara N, Hashiguchi T, Pandak WM, Rodriguez-Agudo D. StarD5 levels of expression correlate with onset and progression of steatosis and liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38591148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insufficient expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory lipid transfer protein 5 (StarD5) on liver cholesterol/lipid homeostasis is not clearly defined. METHODS The ablation of StarD5 was analyzed in mice on a normal or western diet (WD) to determine its importance in hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis compared to wild type (WT) mice. Rescue experiments in StarD5-/- mice and hepatocytes were performed. RESULTS In addition to increased hepatic triglyceride/cholesterol levels, global StarD5-/- mice fed a normal diet displayed reduced plasma triglycerides and liver VLDL secretion as compared with WT counterparts. Insulin levels and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) scoring were elevated, demonstrating developing insulin resistance (IR). WD fed StarD5-/- mice up-regulated TAZ expression with accelerated liver fibrosis when compared to WD-fed WT mice. CYP7B1's suppression coupled with chronic accumulation of toxic oxysterol levels correlated with presentation of fibrosis. 'Hepatocyte selective' StarD5 overexpression in StarD5-/- mice restored expression, reduced hepatic triglycerides, and improved HOMA-IR. Observations in 2 additional mouse and one human NASH model were supportive. CONCLUSIONS StarD5's downregulation with hepatic lipid excess is a previously unappreciated physiologic function appearing to promote lipid storage for future needs. Conversely, StarD5's lingering downregulation with prolonged lipid/cholesterol excess accelerates fatty liver's transition to fibrosis; mediated via dysregulation in the oxysterol signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Kakiyama
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kei Minowa
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanah Bai-Kamara
- Internal Medicine, Central Virginia VA Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - William M Pandak
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Central Virginia VA Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriguez-Agudo
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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25
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Bozadjieva-Kramer N, Shin JH, Li Z, Rupp AC, Miller N, Kernodle S, Lanthier N, Henry P, Seshadri N, Myronovych A, MacDougald OA, O'Rourke RW, Kohli R, Burant CF, Rothberg AE, Seeley RJ. Intestinal FGF15 regulates bile acid and cholesterol metabolism but not glucose and energy balance. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174164. [PMID: 38587078 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19, mouse/human ortholog) is expressed in the ileal enterocytes of the small intestine and released postprandially in response to bile acid absorption. Previous reports of FGF15-/- mice have limited our understanding of gut-specific FGF15's role in metabolism. Therefore, we studied the role of endogenous gut-derived FGF15 in bile acid, cholesterol, glucose, and energy balance. We found that circulating levels of FGF19 were reduced in individuals with obesity and comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Gene expression analysis of ileal FGF15-positive cells revealed differential expression during the obesogenic state. We fed standard chow or a high-fat metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-inducing diet to control and intestine-derived FGF15-knockout (FGF15INT-KO) mice. Control and FGF15INT-KO mice gained similar body weight and adiposity and did not show genotype-specific differences in glucose, mixed meal, pyruvate, and glycerol tolerance. FGF15INT-KO mice had increased systemic bile acid levels but decreased cholesterol levels, pointing to a primary role for gut-derived FGF15 in regulating bile acid and cholesterol metabolism when exposed to obesogenic diet. These studies show that intestinal FGF15 plays a specific role in bile acid and cholesterol metabolism regulation but is not essential for energy and glucose balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Surgery and
| | | | - Ziru Li
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole Miller
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Luc University Clinics, and
- Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paulina Henry
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert W O'Rourke
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Surgery and
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy E Rothberg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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26
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Chen M, Yang Y, Chen Q, Tang L, Liu J, Sun Y, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang GJ, Chen S. Pt,P-codoped carbon nitride nanoenzymes for fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode detection of cholesterol. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1297:342351. [PMID: 38438235 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important lipid compound found in a variety of foods, and its level in human blood is closely related to human health. Therefore, development of rapid and accurate POCT (point-of-care testing) methods for cholesterol detection is crucial for assessing food quality and early diagnosis of diseases, in particular, in a resource-limited environment. In this study, a smartphone-assisted colorimetric biosensor is constructed based on platinum,phosphorus-codoped carbon nitride (PtCNP2) for the rapid detection of cholesterol. Phosphorus-doped carbon nitride is prepared by thermal annealing of urea and NH4PF6, into which platinum is atomically dispersed by thermal refluxing. The obtained PtCNP2 exhibits an excellent peroxidase-like activity under physiological pH, whereby colorless o-phenylenediamine (OPD) is oxidized to colored 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can be produced during the oxidation of cholesterol by cholesterol oxidase. A smartphone-assisted visual sensing system is then constructed based on the color recognition software, and rapid on-site detection of cholesterol is achieved by reading the RGB values. Meanwhile, the generated DAP shows an apparent fluorescence signal and can realize highly sensitive detection of cholesterol by the change of the fluorescence signal intensity. Such a cholesterol sensor exhibits a wide linear detection range of 0.5-600 μg mL-1 and a low detection limit of 59 ng mL-1. The practicality of the sensor is successfully demonstrated in the rapid detection of cholesterol in serum and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Lina Tang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China.
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
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27
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Sou FM, Hsu CN, Chiu YC, Wu CK, Lu LS, Kuo CM, Chiu SM, Chuah SK, Yang YH, Liang CM. The association between trajectory of serum cholesterol, statin dosage, and the risk of recurrent biliary stone diseases. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00203-1. [PMID: 38589275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins may reduce the risk of recurrent gallstone disease by decreasing bile cholesterol saturation and pathogenicity. However, limited studies have investigated this issue. This study aimed to assess whether statin doses and serum cholesterol levels were associated with a decreased risk of recurrent biliary stone diseases after the first event index, with a follow-up time of 15 years. METHODS Based on the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2020, we enrolled 68,384 patients with the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision codes of choledocholithiasis. After exclusions, 32,696 patients were divided into non-statin (<28 cDDD, cumulative defined daily doses) (n = 27,929) and statin (≥28 cDDD) (n = 4767) user groups for analysis. Serum cholesterol trajectories were estimated using group-based trajectory modeling (n = 8410). RESULTS The statin users had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores than the non-statin users. Time-dependent Cox regression analysis showed that statin use >365 cDDD was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrent biliary stones (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.24-0.34; p < 00.0001), acute pancreatitis (aHR = 0.24, 95% CI, 0.17-0.32, p < 00.0001), and cholangitis (aHR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.25-0.32, p < 00.0001). Cholecystectomy was also a protective factor for recurrent biliary stones (aHR = 0.41, 95% CI, 0.37-0.46; p < 00.0001). The higher trajectory serum cholesterol group (Group 3) had a lower risk trend for recurrent biliary stones (aHR = 0.79, p = 0.0700) and a lower risk of cholangitis (aHR = 0.79, p = 0.0071). CONCLUSION This study supports the potential benefits of statin use and the role of cholecystectomy in reducing the risk of recurrent biliary stone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fai-Meng Sou
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chiu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kun Wu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Sheng Lu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Mou Kuo
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ming Chiu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Seng-Kee Chuah
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Liang
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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28
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Demirel-Yalciner T, Cetinkaya B, Sozen E, Ozer NK. Impact of Seipin in cholesterol mediated lipid droplet maturation; status of endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipophagy. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111933. [PMID: 38588730 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defined by the increased number of lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes, have risen continuously in parallel with the obesity. LDs and related proteins are known to affect cellular metabolism and signaling. Seipin, one of the most important LD-related proteins, plays a critical role in LD biogenesis. Although the role of adipose tissue-specific Seipin silencing is known, hepatocyte-specific silencing upon cholesterol-mediated lipid accumulation has not been investigated. In our study, we investigated the effect of Seipin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipophagy in cholesterol accumulated mouse hepatocyte cells. In this direction, cholesterol accumulation was induced by cholesterol-containing liposome, while Seipin mRNA and protein levels were reduced by siRNA. Our findings show that cholesterol containing liposome administration in hepatocytes increases both Seipin protein and number of large LDs. However Seipin silencing reduced the increase of cholesterol mediated large LDs and Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) mRNA. Additionally, lysosome-LD colocalization increased only in cells treated with cholesterol containing liposome, while the siRNA against Seipin did not lead any significant difference. According to our findings, we hypothesize that Seipin silencing in hepatocytes reduced cholesterol mediated LD maturation as well as GRP78 levels, but not lipophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Demirel-Yalciner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center (METIFLAM), Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Bengu Cetinkaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey; Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center (METIFLAM), Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey.
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Zhang D, Wu C, Liu Y, Li W, Li S, Peng L, Kang L, Ullah S, Gong Z, Li Z, Ding D, Jin Z, Huang H. Microplastics are detected in human gallstones and have the ability to form large cholesterol-microplastic heteroaggregates. J Hazard Mater 2024; 467:133631. [PMID: 38335610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitous pollution due to microplastics through the food chain is a major cause of various deleterious effects on the human health. The aim of this study was to determine the existence of microplastics and the internal mechanism of microplastics as accelerators of cholelithiasis. Gallstones were collected from 16 patients after cholecystectomy, and microplastics in the gallstones were detected through laser direct infrared and pyrolysis gas chromatographymass spectrometry examinations. Mice model of gallstone were constructed with or without different diameters of microplastic (0.5, 5 and 50 µm). The affinity between microplastic and cholesterol or bilirubin was tested by co-culturing and qualified using molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, altered gut microbiota among the groups were identified using 16 s rRNA sequencing. The presence of microplastics in the gallstones of all the patients were confirmed. Microplastic content was significantly higher in younger chololithiasis patients (age<50 years). Mice fed a high-cholesterol diet with microplastic drinks showed more severe chololithiasis. In terms of the mechanism, microplastics showed a higher affinity for cholesterol than for bilirubin. Significant alterations in the gut microbiota have also been identified after microplastic intake in mice. Our study revealed the presence of microplastics in human gallstones, showcasing their potential to aggravate chololithiasis by forming large cholesterol-microplastic heteroaggregates and altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanshun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lisi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Gastroenterology, First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zijun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhendong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Mokgopa KP, Lobb KA, Tshiwawa T. A Computational Study of Green Tea Extracts and their Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors for Squalene Monooxygenase. Med Chem 2024; 20:MC-EPUB-139581. [PMID: 38584555 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064280290240211170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organisation, cardiovascular complications have been recognized as the leading course of death between 2000 and 2019. Cardiovascular complications are caused by excess LDL cholesterol in the body or arteries that can build up to form a plaque. There are drugs currently in clinical use called statins that target HMGCoA reductase. However, these drugs result in several side effects. This work investigated using computational approaches to lower cholesterol by investigating green tea extracts as an inhibitors for squalene monooxygenase (the second-rate-controlling step in cholesterol synthesis). METHODS Pharmacophore modeling was done to identify possible pharmacophoric sites based on the pIC50 values. The best hypothesis generated by pharmacophore modeling was further validated by atom-based 3D QSAR, where 70% of the data set was treated as the training set. Prior molecular docking ADMET studies were done to investigate the physiochemical properties of these molecules. Glide docking was performed, followed by molecular dynamics to evaluate the protein conformational changes. RESULTS Pharmacophore results suggest that the best molecules to interact with the biological target should have at least one hydrogen acceptor (A5), two hydrogen donors (D9 and D10), and two benzene rings (R14 and R15) for green tea polyphenols and theasinensin A. ADMET result shows that all molecules in this class have low oral adsorption. Molecular docking results showed that some green tea polyphenols have good binding affinities, with most of these structures having a docking score of less than -10 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics further illustrated that the best-docked ligands perfectly stay within the active site over a 100 ns simulation. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study suggest that green tea polyphenols have the potential for inhibition of squalene monooxygenase, except for theasinensin A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin A Lobb
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Dong J, Kong L, Wang S, Xia M, Zhang Y, Wu J, Yang F, Zuo S, Wei J. Oncolytic adenovirus encoding apolipoprotein A1 suppresses metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer in mice. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:102. [PMID: 38566092 PMCID: PMC10988920 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism is associated with the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is widely recognized for its pivotal role in regulating cholesterol efflux and maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis. However, further exploration is needed to determine whether it inhibits TNBC metastasis by affecting cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, it is necessary to investigate whether ApoA1-based oncolytic virus therapy can be used to treat TNBC. METHODS In vitro experiments and mouse breast cancer models were utilized to evaluate the molecular mechanism of ApoA1 in regulating cholesterol efflux and inhibiting breast cancer progression and metastasis. The gene encoding ApoA1 was inserted into the adenovirus genome to construct a recombinant adenovirus (ADV-ApoA1). Subsequently, the efficacy of ADV-ApoA1 in inhibiting the growth and metastasis of TNBC was evaluated in several mouse models, including orthotopic breast cancer, spontaneous breast cancer, and human xenografts. In addition, a comprehensive safety assessment of Syrian hamsters and rhesus monkeys injected with oncolytic adenovirus was conducted. RESULTS This study found that dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis is critical for the progression and metastasis of TNBC. In a mouse orthotopic model of TNBC, a high-cholesterol diet promoted lung and liver metastasis, which was associated with keratin 14 (KRT14), a protein responsible for TNBC metastasis. Furthermore, studies have shown that ApoA1, a cholesterol reverse transporter, inhibits TNBC metastasis by regulating the cholesterol/IKBKB/FOXO3a/KRT14 axis. Moreover, ADV-ApoA1 was found to promote cholesterol efflux, inhibit tumor growth, reduce lung metastasis, and prolonged the survival of mice with TNBC. Importantly, high doses of ADV-ApoA1 administered intravenously and subcutaneously were well tolerated in rhesus monkeys and Syrian hamsters. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a promising oncolytic virus treatment strategy for TNBC based on targeting dysregulated cholesterol metabolism. It also establishes a basis for subsequent clinical trials of ADV-ApoA1 in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Lingkai Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Shiqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P.R. China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mao Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yenan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Fuming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P.R. China.
| | - Shuguang Zuo
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Application, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jiwu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P.R. China.
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Morito K, Yamagata M, Naka F, Kobayashi K, Ueda H, Morimoto H, Yasukawa T, Takayama K, Uozumi Y, Nagasawa K. Sub-chronic and mild social defeat stress exposure to C57BL/6J mice increases visceral fat mass and causes accumulation of cholesterol and bile acids in the liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149631. [PMID: 38335703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is accompanied by a high metabolic illness comorbidity and patients with atypical depression are a subgroup with particularly high risk of obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined visceral fat deposition, lipid profiles in the liver, and gut microbiota in sub-chronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS)-exposed C57BL/6J mice, which exhibit atypical depression-like phenotypes, i.e., increased body weight and food and water intake. We found that visceral fat mass and levels of hepatic cholesterol and bile acids in sCSDS-exposed mice were significantly increased compared to those in controls. The expression of hepatic small heterodimer partner, a negative regulator of cholesterol metabolism, was significantly elevated in sCSDS-exposed mice. We also found that gut microbial diversity and composition including lower relative abundance of Bacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in sCSDS-exposed mice were different from those in controls. In addition, relative abundance of Bacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. was significantly and negatively correlated with body weight, visceral fat mass, and hepatic cholesterol and bile acids levels. These results indicate that sCSDS-exposure induces dysbiosis, and thereby contributes to metabolic disorder development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Morito
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Mayu Yamagata
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Futaba Naka
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kayo Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hikari Ueda
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Morimoto
- Technical Development Division, Ako Kasei, Co., Ltd., 329 Sakoshi, Ako, 678-0193, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasukawa
- Technical Development Division, Ako Kasei, Co., Ltd., 329 Sakoshi, Ako, 678-0193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takayama
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Uozumi
- Technical Development Division, Ako Kasei, Co., Ltd., 329 Sakoshi, Ako, 678-0193, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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Stanesby O, Armstrong MK, Otahal P, Goode JP, Fraser BJ, Negishi K, Kidokoro T, Winzenberg T, Juonala M, Wu F, Kelly RK, Xi B, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Daniels SR, Tomkinson GR, Magnussen CG. Tracking of serum lipid levels from childhood to adulthood: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2024; 391:117482. [PMID: 38569384 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The utility of lipid screening in pediatric settings for preventing adult atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases partly depends on the lifelong tracking of lipid levels. This systematic review aimed to quantify the tracking of lipid levels from childhood and adolescence to adulthood. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in March 2022. The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; ID: CRD42020208859). We included cohort studies that measured tracking of lipids from childhood or adolescence (<18 years) to adulthood (≥18) with correlation or tracking coefficients. We estimated pooled correlation and tracking coefficients using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with a review-specific tool. RESULTS Thirty-three studies of 19 cohorts (11,020 participants) were included. The degree of tracking from childhood and adolescence to adulthood differed among lipids. Tracking was observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pooled r = 0.55-0.65), total cholesterol (pooled r = 0.51-0.65), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pooled r = 0.46-0.57), and triglycerides (pooled r = 0.32-0.40). Only one study included tracking of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.42-0.59). Substantial heterogeneity was observed. Study risk of bias was moderate, mostly due to insufficient reporting and singular measurements at baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Early-life lipid measurements are important for predicting adult levels. However, further research is needed to understand the tracking of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the stability of risk classification over time, which may further inform pediatric lipid screening and assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stanesby
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - James P Goode
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Brooklyn J Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kazuaki Negishi
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tania Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Feitong Wu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Kelly
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health/Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Benariba MA, Hannachi K, Rhouati A, Al-Ansi W, Cai R, Zhou N. Enhanced sensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus detection: Unveiling the impact of lipid composition on the performance of carboxyfluorescein (CF)-Loaded liposome-based assay. Talanta 2024; 270:125577. [PMID: 38141467 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have emerged as versatile nanocarriers, finding applications not only in drug delivery but also in pathogen detection and diagnostics. This study aimed to enhance the sensitivity of liposomes to Staphylococcus aureus by investigating the impact of lipid composition on liposomes loaded with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF). Liposomes were fabricated using various concentrations of cholesterol (10-40 mol%) combined with saturated phospholipids. Dynamic light scattering results revealed that higher cholesterol concentrations led to reduced liposome size, CF release (%), and entrapment efficiency (%). Liposome sensitivity towards S. aureus was evaluated by using CF-loaded liposomes with and without aptamer insertion. Liposomes with a higher cholesterol content (40 mol%) exhibited a strong ability to detect low bacterial concentrations down to 5 × 102 CFU/mL without relying solely on specific receptor-ligand recognition. However, functionalizing the liposome with an aptamer further improved the specificity and sensitivity of S. aureus detection at even lower concentrations, down to 80 CFU/mL, in the wide range of 80-107 CFU/mL. This study highlights the potential for optimizing the lipid composition of liposomes to improve their sensitivity for pathogen detection, particularly when combined with aptamer-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aimene Benariba
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Bioengineering Laboratory, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kanza Hannachi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Amina Rhouati
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Rongfeng Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Nandi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Laurent J, Diop M, Amara R, Fisson C, Armengaud J, Labadie P, Budzinski H, Couteau J, Maillet G, Le Floch S, Laroche J, Pichereau V. Relevance of flounder caging and proteomics to explore the impact of a major industrial accident caused by fire on the Seine estuarine water quality. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 201:116178. [PMID: 38401391 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
On September 26th 2019, a major fire occurred in the Lubrizol factory located near the Seine estuary, in Rouen-France. Juvenile flounders were captured in the Canche estuary (a reference system) and caged one month in the Canche and in the Seine downstream the accident site. No significant increases of PAHs, PCBs and PFAS was detected in Seine vs Canche sediments after the accident, but a significant increase of dioxins and furans was observed in water and sewage sludge in the Rouen wastewater treatment plant. The proteomics approach highlighted a dysregulation of proteins associated with cholesterol synthesis and lipid metabolism, in fish caged in the Seine. The overall results suggested that the fire produced air borne dioxins and furans that got deposited on soil and subsequently entered in the Seine estuarine waters via runoff; thus contaminating fish preys and caged flounders in the Seine estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Laurent
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE, 715 rue Alain Colas, 29200 Brest, France.
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Rachid Amara
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Cédric Fisson
- GIP Seine-Aval, Hangar C - Espace des Marégraphes, CS 41174, 76176 Rouen Cedex 1, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRAe, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jérôme Couteau
- TOXEM, 12 rue des 4 saisons, 76290 Montivilliers, France
| | | | | | - Jean Laroche
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Kleiboeker B, He A, Tan M, Lu D, Hu D, Liu X, Goodarzi P, Hsu FF, Razani B, Semenkovich CF, Lodhi IJ. Adipose tissue peroxisomal lipid synthesis orchestrates obesity and insulin resistance through LXR-dependent lipogenesis. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101913. [PMID: 38458567 PMCID: PMC10950804 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue mass is maintained by a balance between lipolysis and lipid storage. The contribution of adipose tissue lipogenesis to fat mass, especially in the setting of high-fat feeding, is considered minor. Here we investigated the effect of adipose-specific inactivation of the peroxisomal lipid synthetic protein PexRAP on fatty acid synthase (FASN)-mediated lipogenesis and its impact on adiposity and metabolic homeostasis. METHODS To explore the role of PexRAP in adipose tissue, we metabolically phenotyped mice with adipose-specific knockout of PexRAP. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to determine transcriptomic responses to PexRAP deletion and 14C-malonyl CoA allowed us to measure de novo lipogenic activity in adipose tissue of these mice. In vitro cell culture models were used to elucidate the mechanism of cellular responses to PexRAP deletion. RESULTS Adipose-specific PexRAP deletion promoted diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance through activation of de novo lipogenesis. Mechanistically, PexRAP inactivation inhibited the flux of carbons to ethanolamine plasmalogens. This increased the nuclear PC/PE ratio and promoted cholesterol mislocalization, resulting in activation of liver X receptor (LXR), a nuclear receptor known to be activated by increased intracellular cholesterol. LXR activation led to increased expression of the phospholipid remodeling enzyme LPCAT3 and induced FASN-mediated lipogenesis, which promoted diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal an unexpected role for peroxisome-derived lipids in regulating LXR-dependent lipogenesis and suggest that activation of lipogenesis, combined with dietary lipid overload, exacerbates obesity and metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kleiboeker
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anyuan He
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Min Tan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dongliang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donghua Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Parniyan Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Beaudoin JR, Curran J, Alexander GC. Impact of Race on Classification of Atherosclerotic Risk Using a National Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Tool. AJPM Focus 2024; 3:100200. [PMID: 38440670 PMCID: PMC10910235 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The use of race in clinical risk prediction tools may exacerbate racial disparities in healthcare access and outcomes. This study quantified the number of individuals reclassified for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease owing to a change in their race alone on the basis of a commonly used risk prediction tool. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of individuals aged 40-75 years without a history of cardiovascular events, diabetes, or other high-risk features using the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Authors compared atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology equation recommended for White individuals or individuals of other races with that recommended for Black individuals. Results A total of 2,946 White individuals; 1,361 Black individuals; and 2,495 individuals of other races were included in the analysis. Using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology equation, the mean 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk was 5.80% (95% CI=5.54, 6.06) for White individuals, 7.04% (956% CI=6.69, 7.39) for Black individuals, and 4.93% (95% CI=4.61, 5.24) for individuals of other races. When using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology equation designated for the opposite race (White/other race versus Black), the mean atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score increased by 1.02% (95% CI=0.90, 1.13) for White individuals, decreased by 1.82% (95% CI= -1.67, -1.96) for Black individuals, and increased by 0.98% (95% CI=0.85, 1.10) for individuals of other races. When using clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease categories of <7.5%, 7.5%-10%, and >10%, 16.93% of all individuals were reclassified when using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology's equation designated for the opposite race. Conclusions Changing race within a commonly used cardiovascular risk prediction tool results in significant changes in risk classification among eligible White and Black individuals in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarett R. Beaudoin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jill Curran
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - G. Caleb Alexander
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Li S, Wang Z, Yu J, Zhang C, Ye J, Liu H, Jiang Y, He Z, Wang Y. Intramuscularly injected long-acting testosterone- cholesterol prodrug suspension with three different particle sizes: extended in vitro release and enhanced in vivo safety. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1093-1105. [PMID: 37932630 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The testosterone undecanoate oil solution is the most widely used injection of testosterone for long-acting effects on the market, whereas the formulation carries the potential risk of causing pulmonary vascular embolism, inflammation, and pain at the injection site. Therefore, a sustained-released long-acting injection of testosterone with strong security is urgently exploited. Herein, a poorly water-soluble testosterone-cholesterol prodrug (TST-Chol) was synthesized by esterification. The water solubility of TST-Chol was decreased by 644 folds in comparison to that of testosterone (TST). Moreover, suspensions of TST and TST-Chol were prepared and analyzed in vitro, utilizing three distinct particle sizes: small-sized nanocrystals (SNCs) measuring 300 nm, medium-sized microcrystals (MMCs) measuring 12 μm, and large-sized microcrystals (LMCs) measuring 20 μm. The findings from the in vitro release study indicated that the sustained release of the drug was significantly influenced by the solubility and particle sizes of the suspension. Notably, the suspensions with low water solubility and larger particle sizes exhibited a more desirable sustained-release effect in vitro. Furthermore, the study on pharmacokinetics exhibited that TST-Chol SNCs produced a sustained TST plasma concentration in vivo for up to 40 days and no obvious pathological changes in lung tissue were found. Our study indicated that solubility and particle sizes of suspensions had made a difference in pharmacokinetics and provided a valuable reference for the advancement of long-acting injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaomeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Ye
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengzhi Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215153, China.
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Szachniewicz MM, Neustrup MA, van Meijgaarden KE, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA, Haks MC, Geluk A, Ottenhoff THM. Intrinsic immunogenicity of liposomes for tuberculosis vaccines: Effect of cationic lipid and cholesterol. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 195:106730. [PMID: 38382622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still among the deadliest infectious diseases, hence there is a pressing need for more effective TB vaccines. Cationic liposome subunit vaccines are excellent vaccine candidates offering effective protection with a better safety profile than live vaccines. In this study, we aim to explore intrinsic adjuvant properties of cationic liposomes to maximize immune activation while minimizing aspecific cytotoxicity. To achieve this, we developed a rational strategy to select liposomal formulation compositions and assessed their physicochemical and immunological properties in vitro models using human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). A broad selection of commercially available cationic compounds was tested to prepare liposomes containing Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2034 (AER) fusion protein antigen. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn‑glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine (EPC)-based liposomes exhibited the most advantageous activation profile in MDDCs as assessed by cell surface activation markers, cellular uptake, antigen-specific T-cell activation, cytokine production, and cellular viability. The addition of cholesterol to 20 mol% improved the performance of the tested formulations compared to those without it; however, when its concentration was doubled there was no further benefit, resulting in reduced cell viability. This study provides new insights into the role of cationic lipids and cholesterol in liposomal subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Szachniewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands.
| | - M A Neustrup
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - K E van Meijgaarden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - J A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - M C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands
| | - A Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands
| | - T H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Postzone C5-P, PO Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, the Netherlands
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Yazdi MK, Alavi MS, Roohbakhsh A. The role of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in Alzheimer's disease: A review of the mechanisms. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:423-438. [PMID: 38275217 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is essential for central nervous system function. Consequently, factors that affect cholesterol homeostasis are linked to neurological disorders and pathologies. Among them, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) plays a significant role in atherosclerosis. However, its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. There is inconsistent information regarding ABCG1's role in AD. It can increase or decrease amyloid β (Aβ) levels in animals' brains. Clinical studies show that ABCG1 is involved in AD patients' impairment of cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Lower Aβ levels in the CSF are correlated with ABCG1-mediated CEC dysfunction. ABCG1 modulates α-, β-, and γ-secretase activities in the plasma membrane and may affect Aβ production in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) cell compartment. Despite contradictory findings regarding ABCG1's role in AD, this review shows that ABCG1 has a role in Aβ generation via modulation of membrane secretases. It is, however, necessary to investigate the underlying mechanism(s). ABCG1 may also contribute to AD pathology through its role in apoptosis and oxidative stress. As a result, ABCG1 plays a role in AD and is a candidate for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbasi Yazdi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Fahad EH, Al-Windy S, El-Sherbeni SA, Negm WA, Batiha GES. The effects of cholesterol and statins on Parkinson's neuropathology: a narrative review. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:917-925. [PMID: 38499742 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain characterized by motor symptoms including tremors, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia. PD neuropathology is due to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of Lewy bodies in the survival neurons. The brain contains a largest amount of cholesterol which is mainly synthesized from astrocytes and glial cells. Cholesterol is intricate in the pathogenesis of PD and may be beneficial or deleterious. Therefore, there are controversial points concerning the role of cholesterol in PD neuropathology. In addition, cholesterol-lowering agents' statins can affect brain cholesterol. Different studies highlighted that statins, via inhibition of brain HMG-CoA, can affect neuronal integrity through suppression of neuronal cholesterol, which regulates synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, statins affect the development and progression of different neurodegenerative diseases in bidirectional ways that could be beneficial or detrimental. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to clarify the double-sward effects of cholesterol and statins on PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Esraa H Fahad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Salah Al-Windy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Suzy A El-Sherbeni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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Wang Y, Song W, Yuan Q, Mai M, Luo M, Fan J, Zhang P, Guo H. Serum remnant cholesterol is a potential predictor of liver stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:469-479. [PMID: 38131633 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2294693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dyslipidemia, and the connection between dyslipidemia and remnant cholesterol (RC), a component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, remains enigmatic. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, our primary aim was to investigate the role of RC in the progression of NAFLD and to provide robust evidence of RC's involvement in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We enrolled 2800 NAFLD patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between serum RC levels and liver stiffness, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic capability of RC. RESULTS RC exhibited an independent correlation with the extent of liver stiffness, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.02 for liver steatosis (p = 0.014) and 1.02 for liver fibrosis (p = 0.014). To predict NAFLD, the optimal RC thresholds were 17.25 mg/dL for males and 15.25 mg/dL for females in the case of liver steatosis. For advanced liver fibrosis, the best thresholds were 17.25 mg/dL for males and 16.25 mg/dL for females. CONCLUSIONS RC demonstrated a positive correlation with the degree of liver stiffness and exhibited superior diagnostic efficacy for liver steatosis and fibrosis compared to other cholesterol indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wanhan Song
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qianhua Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Meiqing Mai
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mengliu Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiahua Fan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Yetiman A, Horzum M, Bahar D, Akbulut M. Assessment of Genomic and Metabolic Characteristics of Cholesterol-Reducing and GABA Producer Limosilactobacillus fermentum AGA52 Isolated from Lactic Acid Fermented Shalgam Based on "In Silico" and "In Vitro" Approaches. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:334-351. [PMID: 36735220 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the genomic and metabolic properties of a novel Lb. fermentum strain AGA52 which was isolated from a lactic acid fermented beverage called "shalgam." The genome size of AGA52 was 2,001,184 bp, which is predicted to carry 2024 genes, including 50 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs, 3 ncRNAs, 15 CRISPR repeats, 14 CRISPR spacers, and 1 CRISPR array. The genome has a GC content of 51.82% including 95 predicted pseudogenes, 56 complete or partial transposases, and 2 intact prophages. The similarity of the clusters of orthologous groups (COG) was analyzed by comparison with the other Lb. fermentum strains. The detected resistome on the genome of AGA52 was found to be intrinsic originated. Besides, it has been determined that AGA52 has an obligate heterofermentative carbohydrate metabolism due to the absence of the 1-phosphofructokinase (pfK) enzyme. Furthermore, the strain is found to have a better antioxidant capacity and to be tolerant to gastrointestinal simulated conditions. It was also observed that the AGA52 has antimicrobial activity against Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC9610, Bacillus cereus ATCC33019, Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:h7 ATCC43897, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC7644, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC8427. Additionally, AGA52 exhibited 42.74 ± 4.82% adherence to HT29 cells. Cholesterol assimilation (33.9 ± 0.005%) and GABA production capacities were also confirmed by "in silico" and "in vitro." Overall, the investigation of genomic and metabolic features of the AGA52 revealed that is a potential psychobiotic and probiotic dietary supplement candidate and can bring functional benefits to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yetiman
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Horzum
- Food Engineering Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bahar
- Genkök Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mikail Akbulut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
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Nissen SE, Hutchinson HG, Wolski K, Watson K, Martin SS, Michos ED, Weintraub WS, Morris M, Cho L, Laffin L, Jacoby D, Ballantyne CM, Ekelund J, Birve F, Menon V, Strzelecki M, Ridker PM. A Technology-Assisted Web Application for Consumer Access to a Nonprescription Statin Medication. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024:S0735-1097(24)06686-5. [PMID: 38599257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although statins reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes, less than half of eligible patients receive treatment. A nonprescription statin has the potential to improve access to statins. OBJECTIVES To assess concordance between clinician and consumer assessment of eligibility for nonprescription statin treatment using a Technology Assisted Self-Selection (TASS) Web Application (Web App) and evaluate effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. METHODS A prospective actual use 6-month study to evaluate use of a Web App to qualify participants without a medical background for a moderate intensity statin based on current guidelines. Participants entered demographic information, cholesterol values, blood pressure and concomitant medications into the Web App, resulting in three possible outcomes- "Do Not Use," "Ask a Doctor" or "OK to Use". RESULTS The study included 1196 participants, median age 63 (IQR, 57-68), 39.6% women, 79.3% White, 11.7% Black, and 4.1% with limited literacy. Mean LDL-C was 139.6 mg/dL (SD, 28.3) and median calculated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was 10.1% (IQR, 7.3-14.0). Initial Web App self-selection resulted in an outcome concordant with clinician assessment in 90.7% (95% CI, 88.9-92.3) of participants and 98.1% (95% CI, 97.1-98.8) had a concordant final use outcome during treatment. Mean percent change in LDL-C was -35.5% (95% CI, -36.6 to -34.3). Serious adverse events occurred in 27 (2.3%) participants, none related to study drug. CONCLUSIONS In this actual use study, a technology assisted Web App allowed >90% of consumers to correctly self-select for statin use and achieve clinically important LDL-C reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Nissen
- Cleveland Clinic Center for Clinical Research, Cleveland, OH, USA;.
| | | | - Kathy Wolski
- Cleveland Clinic Center for Clinical Research, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karol Watson
- UCLA Women's Cardiovascular Health, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Seth S Martin
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William S Weintraub
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Leslie Cho
- Cleveland Clinic Center for Clinical Research, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luke Laffin
- Cleveland Clinic Center for Clinical Research, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Venu Menon
- Cleveland Clinic Center for Clinical Research, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Czauderna M, Wojtak W, Białek M, Białek A. Optimization of high-efficient pre-column sample treatments and C18-UFLC method for selective quantification of selected chemical forms of tocopherol and tocotrienol in diverse foods. Food Chem 2024; 437:137909. [PMID: 37939419 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The improved pre-column methods followed by gradient elution C18-chromatography (C18-UFLC) with photodiode (DAD) and fluorescence (FLD) detection for analysis of tocotrienols (T3s), tocopherols (Ts), α-tocopheryl acetate and cholesterol in plant, algae and fish oils, milk and animal tissues have been described. C18-chromatography without saponification permitted quantification of T3s and Ts in oils. Quantification of tocols in milk involved saponification followed by C18-chromatography. β-tocol and γ-tocol were unseparated using C18-chromatography. Esterification of hydroxyl group of tocols with trifluoroacetic anhydride allows their satisfactory separation. The combination of esterification of tocols, C18-chromatography and DAD monitoring at 278 and 205 nm provide the suitable analytical tool for quantification of β- and γ-forms of tocols in biological samples. Our original C18-chromatographic methods are satisfactory precise, accurate, repeatable and offer low values of limit of detection (<10 ng/mL) and limit of quantification (<27 ng/mL) for assayed tocols and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Wiktoria Wojtak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland.
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Reijman MD, Kusters DM, Groothoff JW, Arbeiter K, Dann EJ, de Boer LM, de Ferranti SD, Gallo A, Greber-Platzer S, Hartz J, Hudgins LC, Ibarretxe D, Kayikcioglu M, Klingel R, Kolovou GD, Oh J, Planken RN, Stefanutti C, Taylan C, Wiegman A, Schmitt CP. Clinical practice recommendations on lipoprotein apheresis for children with homozygous familial hyper cholesterolaemia: An expert consensus statement from ERKNet and ESPN. Atherosclerosis 2024; 392:117525. [PMID: 38598969 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia is a life-threatening genetic condition, which causes extremely elevated LDL-C levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease very early in life. It is vital to start effective lipid-lowering treatment from diagnosis onwards. Even with dietary and current multimodal pharmaceutical lipid-lowering therapies, LDL-C treatment goals cannot be achieved in many children. Lipoprotein apheresis is an extracorporeal lipid-lowering treatment, which is used for decades, lowering serum LDL-C levels by more than 70% directly after the treatment. Data on the use of lipoprotein apheresis in children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia mainly consists of case-reports and case-series, precluding strong evidence-based guidelines. We present a consensus statement on lipoprotein apheresis in children based on the current available evidence and opinions from experts in lipoprotein apheresis from over the world. It comprises practical statements regarding the indication, methods, treatment goals and follow-up of lipoprotein apheresis in children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and on the role of lipoprotein(a) and liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Doortje Reijman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Meeike Kusters
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap W Groothoff
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Arbeiter
- Division of Paediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eldad J Dann
- Blood Bank and Apheresis Unit Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lotte M de Boer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah D de Ferranti
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR 1166, Lipidology and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Department of Nutrition, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Clinical Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacob Hartz
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa C Hudgins
- The Rogosin Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit (UVASMET), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain; Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Meral Kayikcioglu
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reinhard Klingel
- Apheresis Research Institute, Stadtwaldguertel 77, 50935, Cologne, Germany(†)
| | - Genovefa D Kolovou
- Metropolitan Hospital, Department of Preventive Cardiology, 9, Ethn. Makariou & 1, El. Venizelou, N. Faliro, 185 47, Athens, Greece
| | - Jun Oh
- University Medical Center Hamburg/Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Nils Planken
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Stefanutti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lipid Clinic and Atherosclerosis Prevention Centre, 'Umberto I' Hospital 'Sapienza' University of Rome, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Christina Taylan
- Paediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert Wiegman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Muzammil K, Hooshiar MH, Varmazyar S, Omar TM, Karim MM, Aadi S, Kalavi S, Yasamineh S. Potential use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and prevention method in viral infection. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:90. [PMID: 38528584 PMCID: PMC10962113 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular lipid membranes serve as the primary barrier preventing viral infection of the host cell and provide viruses with a critical initial point of contact. Occasionally, viruses can utilize lipids as viral receptors. Viruses depend significantly on lipid rafts for infection at virtually every stage of their life cycle. The pivotal role that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) plays in cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerosis, primarily by post-transcriptionally regulating hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and promoting its lysosomal degradation, has garnered increasing interest. Conversely, using therapeutic, fully humanized antibodies to block PCSK9 leads to a significant reduction in high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved PCSK9 inhibitors, including inclisiran (Leqvio®), alirocumab (Praluent), and evolocumab (Repatha). At present, active immunization strategies targeting PCSK9 present a compelling substitute for passive immunization through the administration of antibodies. In addition to the current inquiry into the potential therapeutic application of PCSK9 inhibition in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients for hyperlipidemia associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART), preclinical research suggests that PCSK9 may also play a role in inhibiting hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Furthermore, PCSK9 inhibition has been suggested to protect against dengue virus (DENV) potentially and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses. Recent evidence regarding the impact of PCSK9 on a variety of viral infections, including HCV, HIV, DENV, and SARS-CoV-2, is examined in this article. As a result, PCSK9 inhibitors and vaccines may serve as viable host therapies for viral infections, as our research indicates that PCSK9 is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait Campus, Abha, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shirin Varmazyar
- Department of Medicine, Shahroud Islamic azad university of medical sciences, Sharoud, Iran
| | - Thabit Moath Omar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Manal Morad Karim
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | - Sadeq Aadi
- College of Dentistry, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Shaylan Kalavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, faculty of pharmacy, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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48
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Zhang X, Chen C, Liu Y. Navigating the metabolic maze: anomalies in fatty acid and cholesterol processes in Alzheimer's astrocytes. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:63. [PMID: 38521950 PMCID: PMC10960454 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and its underlying mechanisms have been a subject of great interest. The mainstream theory of AD pathology suggests that the disease is primarily associated with tau protein and amyloid-beta (Aβ). However, an increasing body of research has revealed that abnormalities in lipid metabolism may be an important event throughout the pathophysiology of AD. Astrocytes, as important members of the lipid metabolism network in the brain, play a significant role in this event. The study of abnormal lipid metabolism in astrocytes provides a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of AD. This review focuses on the abnormal metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) and cholesterol in astrocytes in AD, and discusses it from three perspectives: lipid uptake, intracellular breakdown or synthesis metabolism, and efflux transport. We found that, despite the accumulation of their own fatty acids, astrocytes cannot efficiently uptake fatty acids from neurons, leading to fatty acid accumulation within neurons and resulting in lipotoxicity. In terms of cholesterol metabolism, astrocytes exhibit a decrease in endogenous synthesis due to the accumulation of exogenous cholesterol. Through a thorough investigation of these metabolic abnormalities, we can provide new insights for future therapeutic strategies by literature review to navigate this complex metabolic maze and bring hope to patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chuanying Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Hansen MK, Mortensen MB, Olesen KKW, Thrane PG, Thomsen RW, Maeng M. Non-HDL cholesterol and residual cardiovascular risk in statin-treated patients with and without diabetes: The Western Denmark Heart Registry. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024:zwae119. [PMID: 38513361 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Assessment of residual cardiovascular risk in statin-treated patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is pivotal for optimising secondary preventive therapies. This study investigates if non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is associated with residual ASCVD risk in statin-treated ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients with and without diabetes. METHODS Using the Western Denmark Heart Registry, we identified statin-treated patients with IHD examined by coronary angiography (CAG) from 2011-2020. Non-HDL-C was assessed within one year after CAG. Outcomes were ASCVD (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death) and all-cause death. Cox regression analyses obtained hazard ratios adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and hypertension. RESULTS A total of 42,057 patients were included; 8,196 patients with diabetes and 33,861 without diabetes. During median 4.6 years of follow-up event rates per 1000 person-years of ASCVD were 28.8 (27.1-30.5) and 17.2 (16.5-17.8) among patients with and without diabetes. In patients with diabetes the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of ASCVD as compared with non-HDL-C <25th percentile were 1.0 (0.9-1.2), 1.3 (1.1-1.6), and 1.6 (1.2-2.1) for patients in the 25th-74th, 75th-94th, and ≥95th percentile. In patients without diabetes corresponding adjusted HRs were 1.1 (0.9-1.1), 1.2 (1.1-1.4), and 1.7 (1.4-2.0). Results were consistent across sex, age, clinical presentation, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol strata. CONCLUSIONS In statin-treated IHD patients with and without diabetes non-HDL-C, especially above the 75th percentile, is associated with residual cardiovascular risk. These results have implications for secondary prevention targeting patients who may benefit most from intensified preventive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Kærslund Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Bødtker Mortensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- John Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Reimar Wernich Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Maeng
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Palfrey HA, Kumar A, Pathak R, Stone KP, Gettys TW, Murthy SN. Adverse Cardiac Events of Hyper cholesterolemia Are Enhanced by Sitagliptin Administration in Sprague Dawley Rats. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4075353. [PMID: 38562676 PMCID: PMC10984018 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4075353/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects millions worldwide and is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases. Western diets typically comprise of meat and dairy products, both of which are rich in cholesterol (Cho) and methionine (Met), two well-known compounds with atherogenic capabilities. Despite their individual effects, literature on a dietary combination of the two in the context of CVD are limited. An additional interest was to investigate the cardioprotective potential of sitagliptin, an anti-type 2 diabetic drug. Thus, we hypothesized that atherogenic feeding would result in adverse cardiac effects and would attenuate upon sitagliptin administration. Methods Six-week-old adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control (Con), high Met (1.5%), high Cho (2.0%), or high Met (1.5%) + high Cho (2.0%) diet for 35 days. They were orally gavaged with vehicle (water) or sitagliptin (100 mg/kg/d) from day 10 through 35. On day 36, rats were euthanized, and tissues were collected for analysis. Results Histopathological evaluation revealed a reduction in myocardial striations and increased collagen deposition in hypercholesterolemia (HChol), responses that became exacerbated upon sitagliptin administration. Cardiac pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses were adversely impacted in similar fashion. The addition of Met to Cho (MC) attenuated all adverse structural and biochemical responses, with or without sitagliptin. Conclusion Adverse cardiac outcomes in HChol were enhanced with sitagliptin administration and such effects were alleviated by Met. Our findings could be significant for understanding the risk-benefit of sitagliptin in type 2 diabetics who are known to consume atherogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
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